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Li F, Wang H, Li YQ, Gu Y, Jia XM. C-type lectin receptor 2d forms homodimers and heterodimers with TLR2 to negatively regulate IRF5-mediated antifungal immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6718. [PMID: 37872182 PMCID: PMC10593818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimerization of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) or Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter their ligand binding ability, thereby modulating immune responses. However, the possibilities and roles of dimerization between CLRs and TLRs remain unclear. Here we show that C-type lectin receptor-2d (CLEC2D) forms homodimers, as well as heterodimers with TLR2. Quantitative ligand binding assays reveal that both CLEC2D homodimers and CLEC2D/TLR2 heterodimers have a higher binding ability to fungi-derived β-glucans than TLR2 homodimers. Moreover, homo- or hetero-dimeric CLEC2D mediates β-glucan-induced ubiquitination and degradation of MyD88 to inhibit the activation of transcription factor IRF5 and subsequent IL-12 production. Clec2d-deficient female mice are resistant to infection with Candida albicans, a human fungal pathogen, owing to the increase of IL-12 production and subsequent generation of IFN-γ-producing NK cells. Together, these data indicate that CLEC2D forms homodimers or heterodimers with TLR2, which negatively regulate antifungal immunity through suppression of IRF5-mediated IL-12 production. These homo- and hetero-dimers of CLEC2D and TLR2 provide an example of receptor dimerization to regulate host innate immunity against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yebo Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interactions of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zeng B, Moi D, Tolley L, Molotkov N, Frazer IH, Perry C, Dolcetti R, Mazzieri R, Cruz JLG. Skin-Grafting and Dendritic Cell "Boosted" Humanized Mouse Models Allow the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2023; 12:2094. [PMID: 37626903 PMCID: PMC10453599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been hailed as one of the most remarkable medical advancements in human history, and their potential for treating cancer by generating or expanding anti-tumor T cells has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the limited efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in clinical trials can be partially attributed to the inadequacy of current preclinical mouse models in recapitulating the complexities of the human immune system. In this study, we developed two innovative humanized mouse models to assess the immunogenicity and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV16) antigens and delivering tumor antigens to human CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both models were based on the transference of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunocompromised HLA-A*02-NSG mice (NSG-A2), where the use of fresh PBMCs boosted the engraftment of human cells up to 80%. The dynamics of immune cells in the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 mice demonstrated that T cells constituted the vast majority of engrafted cells, which progressively expanded over time and retained their responsiveness to ex vivo stimulation. Using the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 system, we generated a hyperplastic skin graft model expressing the HPV16-E7 oncogene. Remarkably, human cells populated the skin grafts, and upon vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding an HPV16-E6/E7 protein, rapid rejection targeted to the E7-expressing skin was detected, underscoring the capacity of the model to mount a vaccine-specific response. To overcome the decline in DC numbers observed over time in PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 animals, we augmented the abundance of CD141+ DCs, the specific targets of our tailored nanoemulsions (TNEs), by transferring additional autologous PBMCs pre-treated in vitro with the growth factor Flt3-L. The Flt3-L treatment bolstered CD141+ DC numbers, leading to potent antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, which caused the regression of pre-established triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma tumors following CD141+ DC-targeting TNE vaccination. Notably, using HLA-A*02-matching PBMCs for humanizing NSG-A2 mice resulted in a delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and enhanced the efficacy of the TNE vaccination compared with the parental NSG strain. In conclusion, we successfully established two humanized mouse models that exhibited strong antigen-specific responses and demonstrated tumor regression following vaccination. These models serve as valuable platforms for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting HPV16-dysplastic skin and diverse tumor antigens specifically delivered to CD141+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zeng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Natalie Molotkov
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Hector Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Danielli S, Ma Z, Pantazi E, Kumar A, Demarco B, Fischer FA, Paudel U, Weissenrieder J, Lee RJ, Joyce S, Foskett JK, Bezbradica JS. The ion channel CALHM6 controls bacterial infection-induced cellular cross-talk at the immunological synapse. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111450. [PMID: 36861806 PMCID: PMC10068325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane ion channels of the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) family promote cell-cell crosstalk at neuronal synapses via ATP release, where ATP acts as a neurotransmitter. CALHM6, the only CALHM highly expressed in immune cells, has been linked to the induction of natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumour activity. However, its mechanism of action and broader functions in the immune system remain unclear. Here, we generated Calhm6-/- mice and report that CALHM6 is important for the regulation of the early innate control of Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. We find that CALHM6 is upregulated in macrophages by pathogen-derived signals and that it relocates from the intracellular compartment to the macrophage-NK cell synapse, facilitating ATP release and controlling the kinetics of NK cell activation. Anti-inflammatory cytokines terminate CALHM6 expression. CALHM6 forms an ion channel when expressed in the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes, where channel opening is controlled by a conserved acidic residue, E119. In mammalian cells, CALHM6 is localised to intracellular compartments. Our results contribute to the understanding of neurotransmitter-like signal exchange between immune cells that fine-tunes the timing of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Danielli
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Zhongming Ma
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Benjamin Demarco
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Fabian A Fischer
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Usha Paudel
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jillian Weissenrieder
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - J Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Wang L, Rajavel M, Wu CW, Zhang C, Poindexter M, Fulgar C, Mar T, Singh J, Dhillon JK, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Abarca R, Li W, Pinkerton KE. Effects of life-stage and passive tobacco smoke exposure on pulmonary innate immunity and influenza infection in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:439-456. [PMID: 35139765 PMCID: PMC8976777 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2032518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the effects of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for early childhood influenza infection. The aim of the present study was to examine whether perinatal versus adult ETS exposure might provoke more severe systemic and pulmonary innate immune responses in mice inoculated with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (IAV) compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ETS for 6 weeks during the perinatal or adult period of life. Immediately following the final exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with IAV or PBS. Significant inflammatory effects were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neonates inoculated with IAV (FA+IAV or ETS+IAV) compared to PBS (ETS+PBS or FA+PBS), and in the lung parenchyma of neonates administered ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV. Type I and III interferons were also elevated in the spleens of neonates, but not adults with ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV exposure. Both IAV-inoculated neonate groups exhibited significantly more CD4 T cells and increasing numbers of CD8 and CD25 T cells in lungs relative to their adult counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest perinatal ETS exposure induces an exaggerated innate immune response, which may overwhelm protective anti-inflammatory defenses against IAV, and enhances severity of infection at early life stages (e.g., in infants and young children).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maya Rajavel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Morgan Poindexter
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ciara Fulgar
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Mar
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Singh
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jaspreet K. Dhillon
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Western China School of Public Health Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinyu Yuan
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Radek Abarca
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Dai R, Huang X, Yang Y. γδT Cells Are Required for CD8 + T Cell Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727046. [PMID: 34691033 PMCID: PMC8531544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) is the most studied member of the poxvirus family, is responsible for the successful elimination of smallpox worldwide, and has been developed as a vaccine vehicle for infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy. We have previously shown that the unique potency of VV in the activation of CD8+ T cell response is dependent on efficient activation of the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent and -independent pathways. However, it remains incompletely defined what regulate CD8+ T cell response to VV infection. In this study, we showed that γδT cells play an important role in promoting CD8+ T cell response to VV infection. We found that γδT cells can directly present viral antigens in the context of MHC-I for CD8+ T cell activation to VV in vivo, and we further demonstrated that cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling in γδT cells is required for activation of γδT cells and CD8+ T cells. These results illustrate a critical role for γδT cells in the regulation of adaptive T cell response to viral infection and may shed light on the design of more effective vaccine strategies based on manipulation of γδT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaopei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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Valproic acid inhibits interferon-γ production by NK cells and increases susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17802. [PMID: 33082490 PMCID: PMC7576816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug commonly used for epileptic seizure control. Recently, it has been shown that VPA alters the activation of several immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells, which play an important role in the containment of viruses and intracellular bacteria. Although VPA can increase susceptibility to extracellular pathogens, it is unknown whether the suppressor effect of VPA could affect the course of intracellular bacterial infection. This study aimed to evaluate the role of VPA during Listeria monocytogenes (L.m) infection, and whether NK cell activation was affected. We found that VPA significantly augmented mortality in L.m infected mice. This effect was associated with increased bacterial load in the spleen, liver, and blood. Concurrently, decreased levels of IFN-γ in serum and lower splenic indexes were observed. Moreover, in vitro analysis showed that VPA treatment decreased the frequency of IFN-γ-producing NK cells within L.m infected splenocytes. Similarly, VPA inhibited the production of IFN-γ by NK cells stimulated with IL-12 and IL-18, which is a crucial system for early IFN-γ production in listeriosis. Finally, VPA decreased the phosphorylation of STAT4, p65, and p38, without affecting the expression of IL-12 and IL-18 receptors. Altogether, our results indicate that VPA increases the susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection and suggest that NK cell is one of the main targets of VPA, but further work is needed to ascertain this effect.
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Liu H, Tian R, Wang H, Feng S, Li H, Xiao Y, Luan X, Zhang Z, Shi N, Niu H, Zhang S. Gut microbiota from coronary artery disease patients contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice by regulating bile acid metabolism and immune activation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:382. [PMID: 33036625 PMCID: PMC7547479 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota was shown to play a crucial role in the development of vascular dysfunction, and the bacterial composition differed between healthy controls and coronary artery disease patients. The goal of this study was to investigate how the gut microbiota affects host metabolic homeostasis at the organism scale. METHODS We colonized germ-free C57BL/6 J mice with faeces from healthy control donors (Con) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and fed both groups a high fat diet for 12 weeks. We monitored cholesterol and vascular function in the transplanted mice. We analysed bile acids profiles and gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate inflammatory and immune response. RESULTS CAD mice showed increased reactive oxygen species generation and intensive arterial stiffness. Microbiota profiles in recipient mice clustered according to the microbiota structure of the human donors. Clostridium symbiosum and Eggerthella colonization from CAD patients modulated the secondary bile acids pool, leading to an increase in lithocholic acid and keto-derivatives. Subsequently, bile acids imbalance in the CAD mice inhibited hepatic bile acids synthesis and resulted in elevated circulatory cholesterol. Moreover, the faecal microbiota from the CAD patients caused a significant induction of abnormal immune responses at both the transcriptome level and through the enhanced secretion of cytokines. In addition, microbes belonging to CAD promoted intestinal inflammation by contributing to lamina propria Th17/Treg imbalance and worsened gut barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings elucidated that the gut microbiota impacts cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acids. In addition, the CAD-associated bacterial community was shown to function as an important regulator of systemic inflammation and to influence arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siqin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Shanaka KASN, Tharuka MDN, Priyathilaka TT, Lee J. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) viperin, and its ability to enervate RNA virus transcription and replication in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:655-666. [PMID: 31252045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viperin, also known as RSAD2 (Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2), is an interferon-induced endoplasmic reticulum-associated antiviral protein. Previous studies have shown that viperin levels are elevated in the presence of viral RNA, but it has rarely been characterized in marine organisms. This study was designed to functionally characterize rockfish viperin (SsVip), to examine the effects of different immune stimulants on its expression, and to determine its subcellular localization. SsVip is a 349 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 40.24 kDa. It contains an S-adenosyl l-methionine binding conserved domain with a CNYKCGFC sequence. Unchallenged tissue expression analysis using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) revealed SsVip expression to be the highest in the blood, followed by the spleen. When challenged with poly I:C, SsVip was upregulated by approximately 60-fold in the blood after 24 h, and approximately 50-fold in the spleen after 12 h. Notable upregulation was detected throughout the poly I:C challenge experiment in both tissues. Significant expression of SsVip was detected in the blood following Streptococcus iniae and lipopolysaccharide challenge, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) gene transcription was significantly downregulated during SsVip overexpression. Furthermore, cell viability assay and virus titer quantification with the presence of SsVip revealed a significant reduction in virus replication. As with previously identified viperin counterparts, SsVip was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our findings show that SsVip is an antiviral protein crucial to innate immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Neranjan Tharuka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Non-identical twins: Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:110-121. [PMID: 29174917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are involved in essential physiological and serious pathological processes. Their main role is to ensure a closely regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeletal network enabling cells to react to environmental stimuli. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and type 4 (CR4, αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) are members of the β2-integrin family expressed on most white blood cells. Both receptors bind multiple ligands like iC3b, ICAM, fibrinogen or LPS. β2-integrins are accepted to play important roles in cellular adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, ECM rearrangement and inflammation. Several pathological conditions are linked to the impaired functions of these receptors. CR3 and CR4 are generally thought to mediate overlapping functions in monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, therefore the potential distinctive role of these receptors has not been investigated so far in satisfactory details. Lately it has become clear that a functional segregation has evolved between the two receptors regarding phagocytosis, cellular adhesion and podosome formation. In addition to their tasks on myeloid cells, the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 on lymphocytes have also gained interest recently. The picture is further complicated by the fact that while these β2-integrins are expressed by immune cells both in mice and humans, there are significant differences in their expression level, functions and the pathological consequences of genetic defects. Here we aim to summarize our current knowledge on CR3 and CR4 and highlight the functional differences between these receptors, involving their expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells of both men and mice.
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10
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Qualai J, Cantero J, Li LX, Carrascosa JM, Cabré E, Dern O, Sumoy L, Requena G, McSorley SJ, Genescà M. Adhesion Molecules Associated with Female Genital Tract Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156605. [PMID: 27272720 PMCID: PMC4896633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop vaccines that can elicit mucosal immune responses in the female genital tract against sexually transmitted infections have been hampered by an inability to measure immune responses in these tissues. The differential expression of adhesion molecules is known to confer site-dependent homing of circulating effector T cells to mucosal tissues. Specific homing molecules have been defined that can be measured in blood as surrogate markers of local immunity (e.g. α4β7 for gut). Here we analyzed the expression pattern of adhesion molecules by circulating effector T cells following mucosal infection of the female genital tract in mice and during a symptomatic episode of vaginosis in women. While CCR2, CCR5, CXCR6 and CD11c were preferentially expressed in a mouse model of Chlamydia infection, only CCR5 and CD11c were clearly expressed by effector T cells during bacterial vaginosis in women. Other homing molecules previously suggested as required for homing to the genital mucosa such as α4β1 and α4β7 were also differentially expressed in these patients. However, CD11c expression, an integrin chain rarely analyzed in the context of T cell immunity, was the most consistently elevated in all activated effector CD8+ T cell subsets analyzed. This molecule was also induced after systemic infection in mice, suggesting that CD11c is not exclusive of genital tract infection. Still, its increase in response to genital tract disorders may represent a novel surrogate marker of mucosal immunity in women, and warrants further exploration for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Qualai
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jon Cantero
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - José Manuel Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital “Germans Trias i Pujol,” Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “Germans Trias i Pujol,” Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Dern
- Atenció Salut Sexual i Reproductiva (ASSIR), Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Fèlix, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gerard Requena
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine (CCM), Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- * E-mail: (MG)
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Expression of CD11c Is Associated with Unconventional Activated T Cell Subsets with High Migratory Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154253. [PMID: 27119555 PMCID: PMC4847787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c is an α integrin classically employed to define myeloid dendritic cells. Although there is little information about CD11c expression on human T cells, mouse models have shown an association of CD11c expression with functionally relevant T cell subsets. In the context of genital tract infection, we have previously observed increased expression of CD11c in circulating T cells from mice and women. Microarray analyses of activated effector T cells expressing CD11c derived from naïve mice demonstrated enrichment for natural killer (NK) associated genes. Here we find that murine CD11c+ T cells analyzed by flow cytometry display markers associated with non-conventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. However, in women, only γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells were enriched within the CD11c fraction of blood and cervical tissue. These CD11c+ cells were highly activated and had greater interferon (IFN)-γ secretory capacity than CD11c- T cells. Furthermore, circulating CD11c+ T cells were associated with the expression of multiple adhesion molecules in women, suggesting that these cells have high tissue homing potential. These data suggest that CD11c expression distinguishes a population of circulating T cells during bacterial infection with innate capacity and mucosal homing potential.
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12
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Visvabharathy L, Xayarath B, Weinberg G, Shilling RA, Freitag NE. Propofol Increases Host Susceptibility to Microbial Infection by Reducing Subpopulations of Mature Immune Effector Cells at Sites of Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138043. [PMID: 26381144 PMCID: PMC4575148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetics are known to modulate host immune responses, but separating the variables of surgery from anesthesia when analyzing hospital acquired infections is often difficult. Here, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was used to assess the impact of the common anesthetic propofol on host susceptibility to infection. Brief sedation of mice with physiologically relevant concentrations of propofol increased bacterial burdens in target organs by more than 10,000-fold relative to infected control animals. The adverse effects of propofol sedation on immune clearance of Lm persisted after recovery from sedation, as animals given the drug remained susceptible to infection for days following anesthesia. In contrast to propofol, sedation with alternative anesthetics such as ketamine/xylazine or pentobarbital did not increase susceptibility to systemic Lm infection. Propofol altered systemic cytokine and chemokine expression during infection, and prevented effective bacterial clearance by inhibiting the recruitment and/or activity of immune effector cells at sites of infection. Propofol exposure induced a marked reduction in marginal zone macrophages in the spleens of Lm infected mice, resulting in bacterial dissemination into deep tissue. Propofol also significantly increased mouse kidney abscess formation following infection with the common nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these data indicate that even brief exposure to propofol severely compromises host resistance to microbial infection for days after recovery from sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bobbi Xayarath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Shilling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Freitag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Kubota K, Iwabuchi K. Phenotypic changes in growth-arrested T cell hybrids: a possible avenue to produce functional T cell hybridoma. Front Immunol 2014; 5:229. [PMID: 24904579 PMCID: PMC4032879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara , Kanagawa , Japan
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14
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Identification of IFN-γ-producing innate B cells. Cell Res 2013; 24:161-76. [PMID: 24296781 PMCID: PMC3915900 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although B cells play important roles in the humoral immune response and the regulation of adaptive immunity, B cell subpopulations with unique phenotypes, particularly those with non-classical immune functions, should be further investigated. By challenging mice with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, vesicular stomatitis virus and Toll-like receptor ligands, we identified an inducible CD11a(hi)FcγRIII(hi) B cell subpopulation that is significantly expanded and produces high levels of IFN-γ during the early stage of the immune response. This subpopulation of B cells can promote macrophage activation via generating IFN-γ, thereby facilitating the innate immune response against intracellular bacterial infection. As this new subpopulation is of B cell origin and exhibits the phenotypic characteristics of B cells, we designated these cells as IFN-γ-producing innate B cells. Dendritic cells were essential for the inducible generation of these innate B cells from the follicular B cells via CD40L-CD40 ligation. Increased Bruton's tyrosine kinase activation was found to be responsible for the increased activation of non-canonical NF-κB pathway in these innate B cells after CD40 ligation, with the consequent induction of additional IFN-γ production. The identification of this new population of innate B cells may contribute to a better understanding of B cell functions in anti-infection immune responses and immune regulation.
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Kubota K, Kadoya Y. IL-18 provided in dying bacterial-infected macrophages induces IFN-γ production in functional T-cell hybridoma B6HO3 through cell conjugates. Innate Immun 2013; 20:133-44. [PMID: 23723378 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913485474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the co-culture of functional T-cell hybridoma B6HO3 with dying J774 macrophage cells infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) results in the production of IFN-γ by B6HO3 cells. Here, we explore the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We found that IFN-γ production was dependent on IL-18, but that the dying LM-infected macrophages produced no more than 100 pg/ml of IL-18, much less than the amount of IL-18 required for stimulating B6HO3 cells to produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, IL-18 binding protein added to the co-culture was unable to easily gain access to IL-18 for neutralisation. B6HO3 cells formed cell conjugates with J774 macrophages, and IFN-γ-producing B6HO3 cells were spatially and temporally associated with LM-infected macrophage cell death that exhibited neither pyroptosis nor pyronecrosis. These results suggest that the IL-18 produced by dying LM-infected macrophages is released to the interface of the cell conjugates, thereby inducing B6HO3 cells to produce IFN-γ. Based on the present and also previous findings, we propose that IL-18 released from macrophages because of cell death caused by bacteria may be the primary cytokine that triggers the innate IFN-γ production that is required for activating the bactericidal functions of macrophages at early stages of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kubota
- 1Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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