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Martins YC, Rosa-Gonçalves P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Theories of immune recognition: Is anybody right? Immunology 2024. [PMID: 39034280 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The clonal selection theory (CST) is the centrepiece of the current paradigm used to explain immune recognition and memory. Throughout the past decades, the original CST had been expanded and modified to explain new experimental evidences since its original publication by Burnet. This gave origin to new paradigms that govern experimental immunology nowadays, such as the associative recognition of antigen model and the stranger/danger signal model. However, these new theories also do not fully explain experimental findings such as natural autoimmune immunoglobulins, idiotypic networks, low and high dose tolerance, and dual-receptor T and B cells. To make sense of these empirical data, some authors have been trying to change the paradigm of immune cognition using a systemic approach, analogies with brain processing and concepts from second-order cybernetics. In the present paper, we review the CST and some of the theories/hypotheses derived from it, focusing on immune recognition. We point out their main weaknesses and highlight arguments made by their opponents and believers. We conclude that, until now, none of the proposed theories can fully explain the totality of immune phenomena and that a theory of everything is needed in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Chaves Martins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pamela Rosa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Naini AA, Mayanti T, Hilmayanti E, Huang X, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Supratman U. Immunomodulatory of sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid dimers-based toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) from Dysoxylum parasiticum stem bark. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15597. [PMID: 38971811 PMCID: PMC11227493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the interest in natural products with immunomodulatory properties has increased due to their therapeutic potential. These products have a wider range of pharmacological activities and demonstrate lower toxicity levels when compared to their synthetic counterparts. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sesquiterpenoids (SQs) and sesquiterpenoid dimers (SQDs) isolated from Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. stem bark on human and murine cells, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Utilizing the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay on engineered human and murine TLR4 of HEK-Blue cells, antagonist TLR4 compounds were identified, including SQs 6, 9, and 10, as well as SQDs 17 and 22. The results showed that 10-hydroxyl-15-oxo-α-cadinol (9) had a potent ability to reduce TLR4 activation induced by LPS stimulation, with minimal toxicity observed in both human and murine cells. The SEAP assay also revealed diverse immune regulatory effects for the same ligand. For instance, SQs 12, 14, and 16 transitioned from antagonism on human to murine TLR4. The SQs (4, 7, 11, and 15) and SQDs (18-20) offered partial antagonist effect exclusively on murine TLR4. Furthermore, these selected SQs and SQDs were assessed for their influence on the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the NF-κB signaling pathway in human and murine macrophage cell lines, showing a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a brief discussion on the structure-activity relationship was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Univers itas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Xuhao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
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Troeschel AN, Teras LR, Hodge JM, Rodriguez J, Wang Y, Daniel J, Diver WR, Winquist A. A case-cohort study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations and incident prostate cancer in the cancer prevention Study-II LifeLink cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119560. [PMID: 38971361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent, potentially carcinogenic chemicals. Previous studies investigating PFAS exposure and prostate cancer yielded mixed findings. We aimed to investigate associations between PFAS exposure and incident prostate cancer in a large cohort of U.S. men, overall and by selected demographic, lifestyle, and medical-related characteristics. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort study among Cancer Prevention Study-II LifeLink Cohort participants who, at baseline (1998-2001), had serum specimens collected and no prior cancer diagnosis. The study included all men diagnosed with prostate cancer (n = 1610) during follow-up (baseline-June 30, 2015) and a random sub-cohort of 500 men. PFAS concentrations [perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)] were measured in stored serum specimens. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between PFAS concentrations and prostate cancer, overall and by selected characteristics (grade, stage, family history, age, education, smoking status, and alcohol consumption). RESULTS Prostate cancer hazards were slightly higher among men with concentrations in the highest (Q4) vs lowest quartile (Q1) for PFHxS [hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI): 1.18 (0.88-1.59)] and PFOS [HR (95% CI): 1.18 (0.89-1.58)], but not for PFNA or PFOA. However, we observed heterogeneous associations by age, family history of prostate cancer (PFHxS), alcohol consumption (PFHxS), and education (PFNA). For example, no meaningful associations were observed among men aged <70 years at serum collection, but among men aged ≥70 years, HRs (95% CIs) comparing Q4 to Q1 were PFHxS 1.54 (1.02-2.31) and PFOS 1.62 (1.08-2.44). No meaningful heterogeneity in associations were observed by tumor grade or stage. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not clearly support an association between the PFAS considered and prostate cancer. However, positive associations observed in some subgroups, and consistently positive associations observed for PFHxS warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Troeschel
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James M Hodge
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Johnni Daniel
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrea Winquist
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Zhu H, Chen C, Guo H, Zhang B, Hu Q. The causal role of immune cells on lung cancer: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10063-10073. [PMID: 38870262 PMCID: PMC11210237 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells play a vital role in the development and progression of lung cancer (LC). We aimed to explore the causal role of immune cells in LC with Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Summary statistic data used in the study were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A comprehensive two-sample MR was carried out to explore the causal role of 731 immune cell traits (ICTs) in LC, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach was applied to present the MR estimates. The heterogeneity test was performed using Cochran's Q statistic. MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO were utilized for the pleiotropy test. MR showed that 15, 31, and 11 ICTs had protective effects on LC, NSCLC, and SCLC, respectively, and 12, 31, and 11 ICTs had adverse effects on LC, NSCLC, and SCLC, respectively. Of note, CD3 on CD28+ CD4+ in the Treg panel could significantly increase the risk of LC, as well as NSCLC and SCLC. Moreover, the MR results revealed that LC was vital in IgD on IgD+ in the B cell panel and NSCLC on CCR2 on CD14- CD16- in the Monocyte panel. Our study revealed multiple close connections between immune cells and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caihua Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixie Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanteng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, China
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Cunha D, Neves M, Silva D, Silvestre AR, Nunes PB, Arrobas F, Ribot JC, Ferreira F, Moita LF, Soares-de-Almeida L, Silva JM, Filipe P, Ferreira J. Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Skin Basal Cell Carcinomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Global Th1 Preponderance with Th17 Enrichment-A Cross-Sectional Study. Cells 2024; 13:964. [PMID: 38891095 PMCID: PMC11172364 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are high-incidence, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). The success of immune-targeted therapies in advanced NMSCs led us to anticipate that NMSCs harbored significant populations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with potential anti-tumor activity. The main aim of this study was to characterize T cells infiltrating NMSCs. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to assess, respectively, the proportions and densities of T cell subpopulations in BCCs (n = 118), SCCs (n = 33), and normal skin (NS, n = 30). CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cell subsets, namely, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th9, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8+ and CD4+ memory T cells, and γδ T cells were compared between NMSCs and NS samples. Remarkably, both BCCs and SCCs featured a significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratio (~four-fold) and an enrichment for Th17 cells. NMSCs also showed a significant enrichment for IFN-γ-producing CD8+T cells, and a depletion of γδ T cells. Using immunohistochemistry, NMSCs featured denser T cell infiltrates (CD4+, CD8+, and Tregs) than NS. Overall, these data favor a Th1-predominant response in BCCs and SCCs, providing support for immune-based treatments in NMSCs. Th17-mediated inflammation may play a role in the progression of NMSCs and thus become a potential therapeutic target in NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Centro de Dermatologia, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
- Dermatology Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Ana Rita Silvestre
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal (P.B.N.)
| | - Paula Borralho Nunes
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal (P.B.N.)
- Instituto de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Arrobas
- Datamedica, Biostatistics Services and Consulting, 2610-008 Amadora, Portugal
| | - Julie C. Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Soares-de-Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Maia Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Centro de Dermatologia, Hospital CUF Descobertas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Filipe
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.)
- Clínica Dermatológica Universitária, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Mitchell MR, Urdinez L, Bernasconi AR, Danielian S, Katsikas MM, Sajaroff EO, Roffé G, Villa NM, Galluzzo L, Sanz M, Palma AM, Bouso C, Prieto E, Goris V, Yancoski J, Rosenzweig SD, Oleastro M, Rosé A, Cacciavillano W, Felizzia G, Guitter M, Sánchez La Rosa C, Ríos M, Zubizarreta P, Felice MS, Rossi JG. Cancer Prevalence in Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity: Report from a Single Institution. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:138. [PMID: 38805138 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) comprise several genetic anomalies that affect different components of the innate and adaptive responses, predisposing to infectious diseases, autoimmunity and malignancy. Different studies, mostly in adults, have reported a higher prevalence of cancer in IEI patients. However, in part due to the rarity of most of these IEI subtypes (classified in ten categories by the Primary Immunodeficiency Committee of the International Union of Immunological Societies), it is difficult to assess the risk in a large number of patients, especially during childhood. OBJECTIVE To document the cancer prevalence in a pediatric cohort from a single referral institution, assessing their risk, together with the type of neoplasia within each IEI subgroup. METHOD An extensive review of clinical records from 1989 to 2022 of IEI patients who at some point developed cancer before the age of sixteen. RESULTS Of a total of 1642 patients with IEI diagnosis, 34 developed cancer before 16 years of age, showing a prevalence (2.1%) significantly higher than that of the general age matched population (0.22). Hematologic neoplasms (mostly lymphomas) were the most frequent malignancies. CONCLUSION This study represents one of the few reports focused exclusively in pediatric IEI cases, describing not only the increased risk of developing malignancy compared with the age matched general population (a fact that must be taken into account by immunologists during follow-up) but also the association of the different neoplasms with particular IEI subtypes, thus disclosing the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Raquel Mitchell
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luciano Urdinez
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea R Bernasconi
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Danielian
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Martha Katsikas
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa O Sajaroff
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Roffé
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nélida M Villa
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Galluzzo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Sanz
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro M Palma
- Departament of Pediatrics - Division of Immunology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Bouso
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emma Prieto
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Goris
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith Yancoski
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Matías Oleastro
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Rosé
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Cacciavillano
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Felizzia
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Guitter
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Sánchez La Rosa
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mailén Ríos
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Zubizarreta
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sara Felice
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Rossi
- Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ebrahimi N, Abdulwahid AHRR, Mansouri A, Karimi N, Bostani RJ, Beiranvand S, Adelian S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:106. [PMID: 38418707 PMCID: PMC10902086 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy over the last decade have led to the development of several agents that affect immune checkpoints. Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells that negatively regulate the immune response include cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), which have been studied more than similar receptors. Inhibition of these proteins and other immune checkpoints can stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, and prevent the tumor from escaping the immune response. However, the administration of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has been associated with adverse inflammatory responses similar to autoimmune diseases. The current review discussed the role of the NF-κB pathway as a tumor promoter, and how it can govern inflammatory responses and affect various immune checkpoints. More precise knowledge about the communication between immune checkpoints and NF-κB pathways could increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and reduce the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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8
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Wold CW, Christopoulos PF, Arias MA, Dzovor DE, Øynebråten I, Corthay A, Inngjerdingen KT. Fungal polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus are agonists for Toll-like receptors and induce macrophage anti-cancer activity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:222. [PMID: 38396285 PMCID: PMC10891174 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal polysaccharides can exert immunomodulating activity by triggering pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells such as macrophages. Here, we evaluate six polysaccharides isolated from the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus for their ability to activate mouse and human macrophages. We identify two water-soluble polysaccharides, AcF1 and AcF3, being able to trigger several critical antitumor functions of macrophages. AcF1 and AcF3 activate macrophages to secrete nitric oxide and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Combined with interferon-γ, the fungal polysaccharides trigger high production of IL-12p70, a central cytokine for antitumor immunity, and induce macrophage-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. AcF1 and AcF3 are strong agonists of the PRRs Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and weak agonists of Dectin-1. In comparison, two prototypical particulate β-glucans, one isolated from I. obliquus and one from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (zymosan), are agonists for Dectin-1 but not TLR2 or TLR4, and are unable to trigger anti-cancer functions of macrophages. We conclude that the water-soluble polysaccharides AcF1 and AcF3 from I. obliquus have a strong potential for cancer immunotherapy by triggering multiple PRRs and by inducing potent anti-cancer activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Winther Wold
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Maykel A Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Deborah Elikplim Dzovor
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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9
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Krishna C, Tervi A, Saffern M, Wilson EA, Yoo SK, Mars N, Roudko V, Cho BA, Jones SE, Vaninov N, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Lenz TL, Merad M, Boffetta P, Martínez-Jiménez F, Ollila HM, Samstein RM, Chowell D. An immunogenetic basis for lung cancer risk. Science 2024; 383:eadi3808. [PMID: 38386728 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer risk is influenced by inherited mutations, DNA replication errors, and environmental factors. However, the influence of genetic variation in immunosurveillance on cancer risk is not well understood. Leveraging population-level data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, we show that heterozygosity at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II loci is associated with reduced lung cancer risk in smokers. Fine-mapping implicated amino acid heterozygosity in the HLA-II peptide binding groove in reduced lung cancer risk, and single-cell analyses showed that smoking drives enrichment of proinflammatory lung macrophages and HLA-II+ epithelial cells. In lung cancer, widespread loss of HLA-II heterozygosity (LOH) favored loss of alleles with larger neopeptide repertoires. Thus, our findings nominate genetic variation in immunosurveillance as a critical risk factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Krishna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anniina Tervi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Miriam Saffern
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric A Wilson
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladimir Roudko
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Byuri Angela Cho
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Edward Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Natalie Vaninov
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert M Samstein
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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10
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Elwakeel A, Bridgewater HE, Bennett J. Unlocking Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Efficacy through Genetic Modulation-How Soon Is Now? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2118. [PMID: 38136940 PMCID: PMC10743214 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) vaccine anti-cancer strategy involves tumour-associated antigen loading and maturation of autologous ex vivo cultured DCs, followed by infusion into the cancer patient. This strategy stemmed from the idea that to induce a robust anti-tumour immune response, it was necessary to bypass the fundamental immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment that dampen down endogenous innate immune cell activation and enable tumours to evade immune attack. Even though the feasibility and safety of DC vaccines have long been confirmed, clinical response rates remain disappointing. Hence, the full potential of DC vaccines has yet to be reached. Whether this cellular-based vaccination approach will fully realise its position in the immunotherapy arsenal is yet to be determined. Attempts to increase DC vaccine immunogenicity will depend on increasing our understanding of DC biology and the signalling pathways involved in antigen uptake, maturation, migration, and T lymphocyte priming to identify amenable molecular targets to improve DC vaccine performance. This review evaluates various genetic engineering strategies that have been employed to optimise and boost the efficacy of DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elwakeel
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (A.E.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Hannah E. Bridgewater
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK; (A.E.); (H.E.B.)
| | - Jason Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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11
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Ratajczak K, Grel H, Olejnik P, Jakiela S, Stobiecka M. Current progress, strategy, and prospects of PD-1/PDL-1 immune checkpoint biosensing platforms for cancer diagnostics, therapy monitoring, and drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115644. [PMID: 37660460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advancements in testing and monitoring instrumentation have greatly contributed to the progress in cancer treatment by surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic interventions. However, the mortality rate still remains high, calling for the development of new treatment strategies with higher efficacy. Extensive efforts driven in this direction have included broadening of early cancer screening and applying innovative theranostic nanotechnologies. They have been supported by platforms introduced to enable the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers, inhibitors, and other agents, able to slow down cancer progression and prevent metastasis. Despite of the well-recognized principles of the immune checkpoint blockade, the efficacy of immunotherapy achieved so far does not meet the well-founded expectations. For a successful cancer treatment, highly sensitive, robust, and inexpensive multiplex biosensors have to be designed to aid in the biomarkers monitoring and in the development of new inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the efforts undertaken to aid in the development and monitoring of anticancer immunotherapy, based on the programmed cell-death immune checkpoint (PD-1/PDL-1) blockade, by designing biosensors for the detection of relevant cancer biomarkers and their inhibitors screening. This review also emphasizes alternative targets made by exosomes carrying PD-L1 overexpressed in cancer cells and passed into the excreted exosomes. Evaluated are also novel targeted drug delivery nanocarriers, providing simultaneous biosensing, thereby contributing to the emerging immune checkpoint cancer therapy. On the basis of the current trends and the emerging technologies, future perspectives of cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring using biosensing platforms are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Grel
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Olejnik
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Xu JL, Yang MX, Lan HR, Jin KT. Could immunoscore improve the prognostic and therapeutic management in patients with solid tumors? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110981. [PMID: 37769534 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The Immunoscore (ISc) is an emerging immune-based scoring system that has shown potential in improving the prognostic and therapeutic management of patients with solid tumors. The ISc evaluates the immune infiltrate within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and has demonstrated superior predictive ability compared to traditional histopathological parameters. It has been particularly promising in colorectal, lung, breast, and melanoma cancers. This review summarizes the clinical evidence supporting the prognostic value of the ISc and explores its potential in guiding therapeutic decisions, such as the selection of adjuvant therapies and recognizing patients likely to profit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The challenges and future directions of ISc implementation are also discussed, including standardization and integration into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinhua Fifth Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
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13
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Talwar JV, Laub D, Pagadala MS, Castro A, Lewis M, Luebeck GE, Gorman BR, Pan C, Dong FN, Markianos K, Teerlink CC, Lynch J, Hauger R, Pyarajan S, Tsao PS, Morris GP, Salem RM, Thompson WK, Curtius K, Zanetti M, Carter H. Autoimmune alleles at the major histocompatibility locus modify melanoma susceptibility. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1138-1161. [PMID: 37339630 PMCID: PMC10357503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer represent two different aspects of immune dysfunction. Autoimmunity is characterized by breakdowns in immune self-tolerance, while impaired immune surveillance can allow for tumorigenesis. The class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), which displays derivatives of the cellular peptidome for immune surveillance by CD8+ T cells, serves as a common genetic link between these conditions. As melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells have been shown to target melanocyte-specific peptide antigens more often than melanoma-specific antigens, we investigated whether vitiligo- and psoriasis-predisposing MHC-I alleles conferred a melanoma-protective effect. In individuals with cutaneous melanoma from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 451) and an independent validation set (n = 586), MHC-I autoimmune-allele carrier status was significantly associated with a later age of melanoma diagnosis. Furthermore, MHC-I autoimmune-allele carriers were significantly associated with decreased risk of developing melanoma in the Million Veteran Program (OR = 0.962, p = 0.024). Existing melanoma polygenic risk scores (PRSs) did not predict autoimmune-allele carrier status, suggesting these alleles provide orthogonal risk-relevant information. Mechanisms of autoimmune protection were neither associated with improved melanoma-driver mutation association nor improved gene-level conserved antigen presentation relative to common alleles. However, autoimmune alleles showed higher affinity relative to common alleles for particular windows of melanocyte-conserved antigens and loss of heterozygosity of autoimmune alleles caused the greatest reduction in presentation for several conserved antigens across individuals with loss of HLA alleles. Overall, this study presents evidence that MHC-I autoimmune-risk alleles modulate melanoma risk unaccounted for by current PRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Laub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meghana S Pagadala
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - McKenna Lewis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Georg E Luebeck
- Public Health Sciences Division, Herbold Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bryan R Gorman
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Cuiping Pan
- Palo Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Frederick N Dong
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julie Lynch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard Hauger
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Palo Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rany M Salem
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Kit Curtius
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Laboratory of Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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14
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Rudzanova B, Vlaanderen J, Kalina J, Piler P, Zvonar M, Klanova J, Blaha L, Adamovsky O. Impact of PFAS exposure on prevalence of immune-mediated diseases in adults in the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115969. [PMID: 37116680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging environmental contaminants with multiple hazardous properties including immunomodulation potency. Human exposure to PFASs has been associated with various immune-mediated diseases and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between PFAS exposure and immune-mediated diseases such as allergies, eczemas, and autoimmune diseases in a population of adults in the Czech Republic. METHODS This study included 309 adults from the Central European Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Young Adults (CELSPAC: YA). 12 PFASs were measured in participants' serum by HPLC-MS/MS, 3 PFASs were removed from the subsequent analyses due to low detection frequency. The associations of 9 PFASs with 9 immune-mediated diseases were assessed by logistic regression. Furthermore, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to estimate the effect of the PFAS mixture on immune-mediated diseases. All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, education, and family history of immune-mediated diseases. In cases of a statistically significant interaction of PFASs and sex, stratified analyses were performed for men and women. RESULTS Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were negatively associated with both atopic eczema (OR per IQR increase 0.58 (95% CI 0.37-0.90) for PFOA and 0.56 (0.32-0.95) for PFOS) and contact dermatitis (0.37 (0.16-0.85) for PFOA and 0.33 (0.11-0.94) for PFOS). Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was negatively associated with pollen, dust, and mite allergy (0.62 (0.43-0.89)). BKMR modelling showed a negative tendency in the overall effect of PFAS mixture on immune-health outcomes. Based on the stratified analysis, sex was suggested to be an effect modifier in the association of PFOS and atopic eczema. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to the body of literature that observes the immunosuppressive effect of PFAS exposure during eczemas and allergies, both for PFASs individually and as a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Rudzanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, Utrecht, 3584CM, Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zvonar
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Mehdizadeh R, Shariatpanahi SP, Goliaei B, Rüegg C. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in combination with tumor cell vaccination predicts anti-tumor immunity and breast cancer dormancy: an in silico experiment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5875. [PMID: 37041172 PMCID: PMC10090155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different breast cancer subsets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies. Immunotherapies are emerging as novel treatment opportunities for TNBC. However, the surging immune response elicited by immunotherapies to eradicate cancer cells can select resistant cancer cells, which may result in immune escape and tumor evolution and progression. Alternatively, maintaining the equilibrium phase of the immune response may be advantageous for keeping a long-term immune response in the presence of a small-size residual tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are activated, expanded, and recruited to the tumor microenvironment by tumor-derived signals and can shape a pro-tumorigenic micro-environment by suppressing the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. We recently proposed a model describing immune-mediated breast cancer dormancy instigated by a vaccine consisting of dormant, immunogenic breast cancer cells derived from the murine 4T1 TNBC-like cell line. Strikingly, these 4T1-derived dormant cells recruited fewer MDSCs compared to aggressive 4T1 cells. Recent experimental studies demonstrated that inactivating MDSCs has a profound impact on reconstituting immune surveillance against the tumor. Here, we developed a deterministic mathematical model for simulating MDSCs depletion from mice bearing aggressive 4T1 tumors resulting in immunomodulation. Our computational simulations indicate that a vaccination strategy with a small number of tumor cells in combination with MDSC depletion can elicit an effective immune response suppressing the growth of a subsequent challenge with aggressive tumor cells, resulting in sustained tumor dormancy. The results predict a novel therapeutic opportunity based on the induction of effective anti-tumor immunity and tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mehdizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Bahram Goliaei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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16
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Rauf Z, Sohail A, Khan SH, Khan A, Gwak J, Maqbool M. Attention-guided multi-scale deep object detection framework for lymphocyte analysis in IHC histological images. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:27-42. [PMID: 36239597 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are specialized lymphocytes that can detect and kill cancerous cells. Their detection poses many challenges due to significant morphological variations, overlapping occurrence, artifact regions and high-class resemblance between clustered areas and artifacts. In this regard, a Lymphocyte Analysis Framework based on Deep Convolutional neural network (DC-Lym-AF) is proposed to analyze lymphocytes in immunohistochemistry images. The proposed framework comprises (i) pre-processing, (ii) screening phase, (iii) localization phase and (iv) post-processing. In the screening phase, a custom convolutional neural network architecture (lymphocyte dilated network) is developed to screen lymphocytic regions by performing a patch-level classification. This proposed architecture uses dilated convolutions and shortcut connections to capture multi-level variations and ensure reference-based learning. In contrast, the localization phase utilizes an attention-guided multi-scale lymphocyte detector to detect lymphocytes. The proposed detector extracts refined and multi-scale features by exploiting dilated convolutions, attention mechanism and feature pyramid network (FPN) using its custom attention-aware backbone. The proposed DC-Lym-AF shows exemplary performance on the NuClick dataset compared with the existing detection models, with an F-score and precision of 0.84 and 0.83, respectively. We verified the generalizability of our proposed framework by participating in a publically open LYON'19 challenge. Results in terms of detection rate (0.76) and F-score (0.73) suggest that the proposed DC-Lym-AF can effectively detect lymphocytes in immunohistochemistry-stained images collected from different laboratories. In addition, its promising generalization on several datasets implies that it can be turned into a medical diagnostic tool to investigate various histopathological problems. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Rauf
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,PIEAS Artificial Intelligence Center, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Anabia Sohail
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Air University, E-9, Islamabad 44230, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain Khan
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 19130, Pakistan
| | - Asifullah Khan
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,PIEAS Artificial Intelligence Center, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,Center for Mathematical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeonghwan Gwak
- Department of Software, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Maqbool
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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17
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Thomas CE, Yu Y, Luu HN, Wang R, Paragomi P, Behari J, Yuan J. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3589-3600. [PMID: 36052483 PMCID: PMC9939106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or lymphocyte count may be important markers for immune function. Previous work has shown higher NLR was associated with higher risk of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are lacking. METHODS Utilizing the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic health records, we created a retrospective cohort of 27,834 patients diagnosed with NAFLD from 2004 to 2018 with complete NLR data. After an average 5.5 years of follow-up, 203 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence associated with different levels of NLR and lymphocyte count. RESULTS Compared with the lowest tertile of NLR (<1.97), the highest tertile of NLR (≥3.09) was statistically significantly associated with a 43% higher risk of HCC incidence (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.03, ptrend = 0.031) after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fibrosis-4 score category. Conversely the highest tertile of lymphocyte count (≥2.15 K/ul) was significantly associated with a 36% lower risk of HCC (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94, ptrend = 0.028) compared to the lowest tertile (<1.55 K/ul). There was no association between neutrophil count and HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS Higher NLR and lower lymphocyte count are associated with significantly higher risk of HCC among NAFLD patients. These findings warrant further investigation of immune response and surveillance in association with HCC development in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Thomas
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yi‐Chuan Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pedram Paragomi
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jaideep Behari
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jian‐Min Yuan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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18
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Pennell M, Rodriguez OL, Watson CT, Greiff V. The evolutionary and functional significance of germline immunoglobulin gene variation. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:7-21. [PMID: 36470826 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The recombination between immunoglobulin (IG) gene segments determines an individual's naïve antibody repertoire and, consequently, (auto)antigen recognition. Emerging evidence suggests that mammalian IG germline variation impacts humoral immune responses associated with vaccination, infection, and autoimmunity - from the molecular level of epitope specificity, up to profound changes in the architecture of antibody repertoires. These links between IG germline variants and immunophenotype raise the question on the evolutionary causes and consequences of diversity within IG loci. We discuss why the extreme diversity in IG loci remains a mystery, why resolving this is important for the design of more effective vaccines and therapeutics, and how recent evidence from multiple lines of inquiry may help us do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Pennell
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Oscar L Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Xiu W, Pang J, Hu Y, Shi H. Immune-related mechanisms and immunotherapy in extragonadal germ cell tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145788. [PMID: 37138865 PMCID: PMC10149945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are relatively rare tumors, accounting for 1%-5% of all GCTs. In this review, we summarize the current research progress regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of EGCTs from an immunology perspective. Recent findings The histological origin of EGCTs is related to a gonadal origin, but they are located outside the gonad. They show great variation in morphology and can occur in the cranium, mediastinum, sacrococcygeal bone, and other areas. The pathogenesis of EGCTs is poorly understood, and their differential diagnosis is extensive and challenging. EGCT behavior varies greatly according to patient age, histological subtype, and clinical stage. Summary This review provides ideas for the future application of immunology in the fight against such diseases, which is a hot topic currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Xiu
- 1Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyun Pang
- 1Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Hu, ; Huashan Shi,
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Hu, ; Huashan Shi,
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20
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Bellato F, Feola S, Dalla Verde G, Bellio G, Pirazzini M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Cerullo V, Mastrotto F. Mannosylated Polycations Target CD206 + Antigen-Presenting Cells and Mediate T-Cell-Specific Activation in Cancer Vaccination. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5148-5163. [PMID: 36394394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is deemed one of the most powerful therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. However, limited response and tumor specificity are still major challenges to address. Herein, mannosylated polycations targeting mannose receptor- are developed as vectors for plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based vaccines to improve selective delivery of genetic material to antigen-presenting cells and enhance immune cell activation. Three diblock glycopolycations (M15A12, M29A25, and M58A45) and two triblock copolymers (M29A29B9 and M62A52B32) are generated by using mannose (M), agmatine (A), and butyl (B) derivatives to target CD206, complex nucleic acids, and favor the endosomal escape, respectively. All glycopolycations efficiently complex pDNA at N/P ratios <5, protecting the pDNA from degradation in a physiological milieu. M58A45 and M62A52B32 complexed with plasmid encoding for antigenic ovalbumin (pOVA) trigger the immune activation of cultured dendritic cells, which present the SIINFEKL antigenic peptide via specific major histocompatibility complex-I. Importantly, administration of M58A45/pOVA elicits SIINFEKL-specific T-cell response in C56BL/6 mice bearing the melanoma tumor model B16-OVA, well in line with a reduction in tumor growth. These results qualify mannosylation as an efficient strategy to target immune cells in cancer vaccination and emphasize the potential of these glycopolycations as effective delivery vehicles for nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Feola
- Drug Research Program ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, 00790Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria Dalla Verde
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Bellio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, 00790Helsinki, Finland.,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131Padova, Italy
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21
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Swati K, Agrawal K, Raj S, Kumar R, Prakash A, Kumar D. Molecular mechanism(s) of regulations of cancer stem cell in brain cancer propagation. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:441-463. [PMID: 36205299 DOI: 10.1002/med.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are most often diagnosed with solid neoplasms and are the primary reason for cancer-related deaths in both children and adults worldwide. With recent developments in the progression of novel targeted chemotherapies, the prognosis of malignant glioma remains dismal. However, the high recurrence rate and high mortality rate remain unresolved and are closely linked to the biological features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Research on tumor biology has reached a new age with more understanding of CSC features. CSCs, a subpopulation of whole tumor cells, are now regarded as candidate therapeutic targets. Therefore, in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, recognizing the biological properties of CSCs is of considerable significance. Here, we have discussed the concept of CSCs and their significant role in brain cancer growth and propagation. We have also discussed personalized therapeutic development and immunotherapies for brain cancer by specifically targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Swati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Kirti Agrawal
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sibi Raj
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, India.,Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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22
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Efficacy of bivalent CEACAM6/4-1BBL genetic vaccine combined with anti-PD1 antibody in MC38 tumor model of mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10775. [PMID: 36212004 PMCID: PMC9535276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mouse CRC cell line (MC38) to establish a heterotopic mouse model, and applied [89Zr]-labeled PD-L1 antibody KN035 for PET imaging. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium 3261 was used as an anti-tumor vaccine, and the combined anti-tumor immunotherapy with bivalent genetic vaccine and anti-PD1 antibody Nivolumab was conducted. MicroPET was performed to observe the changes of tumor tissues and expression of PD-L1. We found that the recombinant double-gene plasmids were stably expressed in COS7 cells. Study results showed the combined immunotherapy improved the effectiveness over genetic vaccine alone. This study supports that combination of genetic vaccines and anti-immunocheckpoint immunotherapy can inhibit MC38 tumor growth.
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23
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Marfia G, Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Locatelli M, Miozzo M, Perelli P, Della Morte G, Catamo L, Tondo P, Campanella C, Lucertini M, Ciniglio Appiani G, Landolfi A, Garzia E. Space flight and central nervous system: Friends or enemies? Challenges and opportunities for neuroscience and neuro-oncology. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1649-1663. [PMID: 35678198 PMCID: PMC9544848 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Space environment provides many challenges to pilots, astronauts, and space scientists, which are constantly subjected to unique conditions, including microgravity, radiations, hypoxic condition, absence of the day and night cycle, etc. These stressful stimuli have the potential to affect many human physiological systems, triggering physical and biological adaptive changes to re‐establish the homeostatic state. A particular concern regards the risks for the effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system (CNS), as several lines of evidence reported a great impact on neuroplasticity, cognitive functions, neurovestibular system, short‐term memory, cephalic fluid shift, reduction in motor function, and psychological disturbances, especially during long‐term missions. Aside these potential detrimental effects, the other side of the coin reflects the potential benefit of applicating space‐related conditions on Earth‐based life sciences, as cancer research. Here, we focused on examining the effect of real and simulated microgravity on CNS functions, both in humans and in cellular models, browsing the different techniques to experience or mime microgravity on‐ground. Increasing evidence demonstrate that cancer cells, and brain cancer cells in particular, are negatively affected by microgravity, in terms of alteration in cell morphology, proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, representing an advancing novel side of space‐based investigations. Overall, deeper understandings about the mechanisms by which space environment influences CNS and tumor biology may be promisingly translated into many clinical fields, ranging from aerospace medicine to neuroscience and oncology, representing an enormous pool of knowledge for the implementation of countermeasures and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Aldo Ravelli' Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Perelli
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Della Morte
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Catamo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Tondo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Campanella
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "Aldo Di Loreto", Aeronautica Militare, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Garzia
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
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24
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Razeghian E, Kameh MC, Shafiee S, Khalafi F, Jafari F, Asghari M, Kazemi K, Ilkhani S, Shariatzadeh S, Haj-Mirzaian A. The role of the natural killer (NK) cell modulation in breast cancer incidence and progress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10935-10948. [PMID: 36008609 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the immune system on tumor surveillance has been investigated for many years, and its impact on controlling tumor progression has been verified. An important subgroup of the innate immune system is natural killer (NK) cells, whose essential function in modulating tumor behavior and suppressing metastasis and tumor growth has been demonstrated. The first idea of NK cells' crucial biological processes was demonstrated through their potent ability to conduct direct cellular cytotoxicity, even without former sensitization. These properties of NK cells allow them to recognize transformed cells that have attenuated self-ligand and express stress-induced ligands. Furthermore, secretion of various cytokines and chemokines after their activation leads to tumor elimination via either direct cytotoxic effect on malignant cells or activation of the adaptive immune system. In addition, novel immunotherapeutic approaches tend to take advantage of NK cells' ability, leading to antibody-based approaches, the formation of engineered CAR-NK cells, and adoptive cell transfer. However, the restricted functionality of NK cells and the inability to infiltrate tumors are its blind spots in breast cancer patients. In this review, we gathered newly acquired data on the biology and functions of NK cells in breast cancer and proposed ways to employ this knowledge for novel therapeutic approaches in cancers, particularly breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Chahar Kameh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fehimeh Jafari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Kazemi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Baci D, Cekani E, Imperatori A, Ribatti D, Mortara L. Host-Related Factors as Targetable Drivers of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914890. [PMID: 35874749 PMCID: PMC9298844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some significant therapeutic breakthroughs leading to immunotherapy, a high percentage of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not respond to treatment on relapse, thus experiencing poor prognosis and survival. The unsatisfying results could be related to the features of the tumor immune microenvironment and the dynamic interactions between a tumor and immune infiltrate. Host-tumor interactions strongly influence the course of disease and response to therapies. Thus, targeting host-associated factors by restoring their physiologic functions altered by the presence of a tumor represents a new therapeutic approach to control tumor development and progression. In NSCLC, the immunogenic tumor balance is shifted negatively toward immunosuppression due to the release of inhibitory factors as well as the presence of immunosuppressive cells. Among these cells, there are myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells that can generate a tumor-permissive milieu by reprogramming the cells of the hosts such as tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells that acquire tumor-supporting phenotypes and functions. This review highlights the current knowledge of the involvement of host-related factors, including innate and adaptive immunity in orchestrating the tumor cell fate and the primary resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy in NSCLC. Finally, we discuss combinational therapeutic strategies targeting different aspects of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to prime the host response. Further research dissecting the characteristics and dynamic interactions within the interface host-tumor is necessary to improve a patient fitness immune response and provide answers regarding the immunotherapy efficacy, with the aim to develop more successful treatments for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elona Cekani
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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26
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Zhang Y, Liu Y. A Digital Microfluidic Device Integrated with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Cell-Based Immunoassay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050330. [PMID: 35624631 PMCID: PMC9138827 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic immune response to various diseases and therapies has been considered a promising indicator of disease status and therapeutic effectiveness. For instance, the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), as a major player in the immune system, is an important index to indicate a patient's immune function. Therefore, establishing a simple yet sensitive tool that can frequently assess the immune system during the course of disease and treatment is of great importance. This study introduced an integrated system that includes an electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS)-based biosensor in a digital microfluidic (DMF) device, to quantify the PBMC abundance with minimally trained hands. Moreover, we exploited the unique droplet manipulation feature of the DMF platform and conducted a dynamic cell capture assay, which enhanced the detection signal by 2.4-fold. This integrated system was able to detect as few as 104 PBMCs per mL, presenting suitable sensitivity to quantify PBMCs. This integrated system is easy-to-operate and sensitive, and therefore holds great potential as a powerful tool to profile immune-mediated therapeutic responses in a timely manner, which can be further evolved as a point-of-care diagnostic device to conduct near-patient tests from blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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27
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Goldenson BH, Hor P, Kaufman DS. iPSC-Derived Natural Killer Cell Therapies - Expansion and Targeting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841107. [PMID: 35185932 PMCID: PMC8851389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer with allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell therapies has seen rapid development, especially use against hematologic malignancies. Clinical trials of NK cell-based adoptive transfer to treat relapsed or refractory malignancies have used peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood and pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells, with each approach undergoing continued clinical development. Improving the potency of these therapies relies on genetic modifications to improve tumor targeting and to enhance expansion and persistence of the NK cells. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK cells allow for routine targeted introduction of genetic modifications and expansion of the resulting NK cells derived from a clonal starting cell population. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent important advances in the development of new iPSC-derived NK cell therapies, with a focus on improved targeting of cancer. We then discuss improvements in methods to expand iPSC-derived NK cells and how persistence of iPSC-NK cells can be enhanced. Finally, we describe how these advances may combine in future NK cell-based therapy products for the treatment of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Goldenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pooja Hor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Guiren Fritah H, Rovelli R, Lai-Lai Chiang C, Kandalaft LE. The current clinical landscape of personalized cancer vaccines. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Comparetti EJ, Ferreira NN, Ferreira LMB, Kaneno R, Zucolotto V. Immunomodulatory properties of nanostructured systems for cancer therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1166-1181. [PMID: 35043549 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on statistical data reported in 2020, cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths. Furthermore, 17 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide. Nanomedicine and immunotherapy have shown satisfactory clinical results among all scientific and technological alternatives for the treatment of cancer patients. Immunotherapy-based treatments comprise the consideration of new alternatives to hinder neoplastic proliferation and to reduce adverse events in the body, thereby promoting immune destruction of diseased cells. Additionally, nanostructured systems have been proven to elicit specific immune responses that may enhance anti-tumor activity. A new generation of nanomedicines, based on biomimetic and bioinspired systems, has been proposed to target tumors by providing immunomodulatory features and by enabling recovery of human immune destruction capacity against cancer cells. This review provides an overview of the aspects and the mechanisms by which nanomedicines can be used to enhance clinical procedures using the immune modulatory responses of nanoparticles (NPs) in the host defense system. We initially outline the cancer statistics for conventional and new treatment approaches providing a brief description of the human host defense system and basic principles of NP interactions with monocytes, leukocytes, and dendritic cells for the modulation of antitumor immune responses. A report on different biomimetic and bioinspired systems is also presented here and their particularities in cancer treatments are addressed, highlighting their immunomodulatory properties. Finally, we propose future perspectives regarding this new therapeutic strategy, highlighting the main challenges for future use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson J Comparetti
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Natalia N Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M B Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Wu Z, Guan Q, Han X, Liu X, Li L, Qiu L, Qian Z, Zhou S, Wang X, Zhang H. A novel prognostic signature based on immune-related genes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22947-22962. [PMID: 34610582 PMCID: PMC8544299 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presents a great clinical challenge and has a poor prognosis, with immune-related genes playing a crucial role. We aimed to develop an immune-related prognostic signature for improving prognosis prediction in DLBCL. Samples from the GSE31312 dataset were randomly allocated to discovery and internal validation cohorts. Univariate Cox, random forest, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox analyses were utilized to develop a prognostic signature, which was verified in the internal validation cohort, entire validation cohort and external validation cohort (GSE10846). The tumor microenvironment was investigated using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE tools. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was further applied to analyze the entire GSE31312 cohort. We identified four immune-related genes (CD48, IL1RL, PSDM3, RXFP3) significantly associated with overall survival. Based on discovery and validation cohort analyses, this four-gene signature could classify patients into high- and low-risk groups, with significantly different prognoses. Activated memory CD4 T cells and activated dendritic cells were significantly decreased in the high-risk group, and these patients had lower immune scores. GSEA revealed enrichment of signaling pathways, such as T cell receptor, antigen receptor-mediated, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, in the low-risk group. In conclusion, a robust signature based on four immune-related genes was successfully constructed for predicting prognosis in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Wu
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qingpei Guan
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xue Han
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhengzi Qian
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shiyong Zhou
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Departments of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin 300060, China
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Abolhassani H, Wang Y, Hammarström L, Pan-Hammarström Q. Hallmarks of Cancers: Primary Antibody Deficiency Versus Other Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720025. [PMID: 34484227 PMCID: PMC8416062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) comprise more than 450 inherited diseases, from which selected patients manifest a frequent and early incidence of malignancies, mainly lymphoma and leukemia. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common form of IEI with the highest proportion of malignant cases. In this review, we aimed to compare the oncologic hallmarks and the molecular defects underlying PAD with other IEI entities to dissect the impact of avoiding immune destruction, genome instability, and mutation, enabling replicative immortality, tumor-promoting inflammation, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, deregulating cellular energetics, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis in these groups of patients. Moreover, some of the most promising approaches that could be clinically tested in both PAD and IEI patients were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yating Wang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Pinson MR, Chung DD, Adams AM, Scopice C, Payne EA, Sivakumar M, Miranda RC. Extracellular Vesicles in Premature Aging and Diseases in Adulthood Due to Developmental Exposures. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1516-1535. [PMID: 34527425 PMCID: PMC8407878 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a paradigm that links prenatal and early life exposures that occur during crucial periods of development to health outcome and risk of disease later in life. Maternal exposures to stress, some psychoactive drugs and alcohol, and environmental chemicals, among others, may result in functional changes in developing fetal tissues, creating a predisposition for disease in the individual as they age. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be mediators of both the immediate effects of exposure during development and early childhood as well as the long-term consequences of exposure that lead to increased risk and disease severity later in life. Given the prevalence of diseases with developmental origins, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoporosis, metabolic dysfunction, and cancer, it is important to identify persistent mediators of disease risk. In this review, we take this approach, viewing diseases typically associated with aging in light of early life exposures and discuss the potential role of EVs as mediators of lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Pinson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Dae D Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Amy M Adams
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Chiara Scopice
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Payne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Monisha Sivakumar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Peplinski J, Malone MA, Fowler KJ, Potratz EJ, Pergams AG, Charmoy KL, Rasheed K, Avdieiev SS, Whelan CJ, Brown JS. Ecology of Fear: Spines, Armor and Noxious Chemicals Deter Predators in Cancer and in Nature. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.682504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, many multicellular and unicellular organisms use constitutive defenses such as armor, spines, and noxious chemicals to keep predators at bay. These defenses render the prey difficult and/or dangerous to subdue and handle, which confers a strong deterrent for predators. The distinct benefit of this mode of defense is that prey can defend in place and continue activities such as foraging even under imminent threat of predation. The same qualitative types of armor-like, spine-like, and noxious defenses have evolved independently and repeatedly in nature, and we present evidence that cancer is no exception. Cancer cells exist in environments inundated with predator-like immune cells, so the ability of cancer cells to defend in place while foraging and proliferating would clearly be advantageous. We argue that these defenses repeatedly evolve in cancers and may be among the most advanced and important adaptations of cancers. By drawing parallels between several taxa exhibiting armor-like, spine-like, and noxious defenses, we present an overview of different ways these defenses can appear and emphasize how phenotypes that appear vastly different can nevertheless have the same essential functions. This cross-taxa comparison reveals how cancer phenotypes can be interpreted as anti-predator defenses, which can facilitate therapy approaches which aim to give the predators (the immune system) the upper hand. This cross-taxa comparison is also informative for evolutionary ecology. Cancer provides an opportunity to observe how prey evolve in the context of a unique predatory threat (the immune system) and varied environments.
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Identification of New Biomarker for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Early-Stage Cirrhosis Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9949492. [PMID: 34335764 PMCID: PMC8318773 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9949492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is one of the major drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we aimed to identify and validate new biomarker for early prediction of HCC development in early-stage cirrhosis patients. Methods mRNA expression and clinical parameters of GSE63898, GSE89377, GSE15654, GSE14520, and TCGA-HCC cohort and ICGC-HCC cohort were downloaded for analysis. Wilcoxon test was performed to identify DEGs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to develop the risk signature, and ROC analysis was performed to analyze the predictive accuracy and sensitivity of the risk signature. Results There were 42 DEGs (including 28 upregulated genes and 14 downregulated genes) found in early-stage liver cirrhosis patients before developing HCC from GSE1565442. Then, a risk signature consisting of 8 DEGs could effectively classify early-stage cirrhosis patients into high-risk group with shorter HCC development time and low-risk group with longer HCC development time from GSE15654. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of HCC development and ROC analysis showed that the signature exhibited good predictive efficiency in predicting 2-, 5-, and 10-year HCC development. Mechanistically, significantly higher proportions of CD8 T cells were found to be enriched in cirrhosis patients with low risk score, and higher CD8 T cells were associated with longer HCC development time. Besides, the signature was an independent prognostic factor for poorer prognosis of early-stage liver cirrhosis patients of GSE15654. Moreover, the signature could also separate HCC patients from healthy controls and was also associated with the poorer prognosis of HCC patients from three HCC cohorts. Finally, we also identified HDAC inhibitors, such as trichostatin A, to be a potential chemopreventive treatment for the prevention of HCC development by targeting risk signature based on CMap analysis. Conclusion A risk signature was developed and validated for early prediction of HCC development, which may be a useful tool to set up individualized follow-up interval schedules.
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Ren S, Xiong X, You H, Shen J, Zhou P. The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Angiogenesis Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689132. [PMID: 34149730 PMCID: PMC8206805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most patients with NSCLC do not benefit from these treatments. Abnormal vasculature is a hallmark of solid tumors and is involved in tumor immune escape. These abnormalities stem from the increase in the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, which is involved in the regulation of the function and migration of immune cells. Anti-angiogenic agents can normalize blood vessels, and thus transforming the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immune-supportive by increasing the infiltration and activation of immune cells. Therefore, the combination of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenesis is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we outline the current understanding of the mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) signaling in tumor immune escape and progression, and summarize the preclinical studies and current clinical data of the combination of ICB and anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ren
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinxin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua You
- Medical Oncology Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfei Shen, ; Penghui Zhou,
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfei Shen, ; Penghui Zhou,
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Chen Z, Wu Z, Muluh TA, Fu S, Wu J. Effect of low-dose total-body radiotherapy on immune microenvironment. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101118. [PMID: 34020371 PMCID: PMC8142085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LTBI (low-dose total-body irradiation) can change the immune microenvironment of tumor. LTBI (low-dose total-body irradiation) can regulate a variety of signal pathways (such as nuclear factor-κ B, p38 / MAPK, c-jun), thereby enhancing the expression and function of immune cells in the body, and it may even change the immune microenvironment of human body through an unknown signal pathway, such as enhancing the connection between PD-1 and PD-L1 and promoting the low expression of CTLA4. LTBI (low-dose total-body irradiation) can stably stimulate the immune function of cancer patients. LTBI (low-dose total-body irradiation) can be widely used as a new comprehensive anti-tumor therapy.
The history of low-dose total-body irradiation (LTBI) as a means of radiotherapy for treating malignant tumors can be traced back to the 1920s. Despite this very low total dose, LTBI can induce long-term remissions. Tumor cells are known to change and maintain their own survival and development conditions through autocrine and paracrine signaling. LTBI can change the tumor microenvironment, enhance the infiltration of activated T cells, and trigger inflammatory processes. LTBI-mediated immune response can exert systemic long-term anti-tumor effects, and can induce tumor regression at the primary site and metastatic sites. With a continuous improvement in the anti-tumor immune microenvironment in the field of tumor therapy, LTBI provides more choices to comprehensively treat of tumors. The present study aimed to explore the experimental research mechanism of LTBI and immune microenvironment, and discuss the difficulties and development prospects of applying LTBI to tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhouxue Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Sichuan Province, China.
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Lin J, Wu C, Ma D, Hu Q. Identification of P2RY13 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma: A public database-based retrospective study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11319. [PMID: 33996281 PMCID: PMC8106393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods In the present study, the gene matrixes of LUAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas to infer immune and stromal scores with the ‘Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data’ (ESTIMATE) algorithm and identified immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high- and low-stromal/immune score groups. Next, all DEGs were subjected to univariate Cox regression and survival analyses to screen out prognostic biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and were validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to assess the level of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and immune functions, and GSEA was used to identified pathways altered by prognostic biomarkers. Results Survival analysis showed that LUAD in the high-immune and stromal score group had a better clinical prognosis. A total of 303 immune-related DEGs were detected. Univariate Cox regression and survival analyses revealed that P2Y purinoceptor 13 (P2RY13) was a favorable factor for the prognosis of LUAD. ssGSEA and Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that P2RY13 was highly correlated with various TIICs and immune functions. Several immune-associated pathways were enriched between the high- and low-expression P2RY13 groups. Conclusion P2RY13 may be a potential prognostic indicator and is highly associated with the TME in LUAD. However, further experimental studies are required to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanteng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Microgravity, Stem Cells, and Cancer: A New Hope for Cancer Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5566872. [PMID: 34007284 PMCID: PMC8102114 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are integrated with the environment where they live. Gravitational force plays an important role in shaping the universe, lives, and even cellular biological processes. Research in the last 40 years has shown how exposure to microgravity changes biological processes. Microgravity has been shown to have significant effects on cellular proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, migration, and gene expression, specifically in tumor cells, and these effects may also exist in stem and cancer stem cells. It has also been shown that microgravity changes the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Although studies have been carried out in a simulated microgravity environment in cell culture lines, there are few animal experiments or true microgravity studies. Cancer remains one of the most significant problems worldwide. Despite advances in medical science, no definitive strategies have been found for the prevention of cancer formation or to inform treatment. Thus, the microgravity environment is a potential new therapeutic strategy for future cancer treatment. This review will focus on current knowledge on the impact of the microgravity environment on cancer cells, stem cells, and the biological behavior of cancer stem cells.
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Jeong SY, Jeon BG, Kim JE, Shin R, Ahn HS, Jin H, Heo SC. Interleukin 10 level in the peritoneal cavity is a prognostic marker for peritoneal recurrence of T4 colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9212. [PMID: 33911154 PMCID: PMC8080840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal recurrence (PR) is a major relapse pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated whether peritoneal immune cytokines can predict PR. Cytokine concentrations of peritoneal fluid from CRC patients were measured. Patients were grouped according to peritoneal cancer burden (PCB): no tumor cells (≤ pT3), microscopic tumor cells (pT4), or gross tumors (M1c). Cytokine concentrations were compared among the three groups and the associations of those in pT4 patients with and without postoperative PR were assessed. Of the ten cytokines assayed, IL6, IL10, and TGFB1 increased with progression of PCB. Among these, IL10 was a marker of PR in pT4 (N = 61) patients based on ROC curve (p = 0.004). The IL10 cut-off value (14 pg/mL) divided patients into groups with a low (7%, 2 of 29 patients) or high (45%, 16 of 32 patients) 5-year PR (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified high IL10 levels as the independent risk factor for PR. Separation of patients into training and test sets to evaluate the performance of IL10 cut-off model validated this cytokine as a risk factor for PR. Peritoneal IL10 is a prognostic marker of PR in pT4 CRC. Further research is necessary to identify immune response of intraperitoneal CRC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yong Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Geon Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Daejin Medical Center Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Sungnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Shin
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jin
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang S, Xu X. An Immune-Related Gene Pairs Signature for Predicting Survival in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:564960. [PMID: 33859933 PMCID: PMC8042321 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.564960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the frequently occurring and most aggressive form of brain tumors. In the study, we constructed an immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) signature to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with GBM. Methods: We established IRGPs with immune-related gene (IRG) matrix from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (Training cohort). After screened by the univariate regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, IRGPs were subjected to the multivariable Cox regression to develop an IRGP signature. Then, the predicting accuracy of the signature was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated the result using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database (Validation cohorts 1 and 2). Results: A 10-IRGP signature was established for predicting the OS of patients with GBM. The AUC for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in Training cohort was 0.801, 0.901, and 0.964, respectively, in line with the AUC of Validation cohorts 1 and 2 [Validation cohort 1 (1 year: 0.763; 3 years: 0.786; and 5 years: 0.884); Validation cohort 2 (1 year: 0.745; 3 years: 0.989; and 5 years: 0.987)]. Moreover, survival analysis in three cohorts suggested that patients with low-risk GBM had better clinical outcomes than patients with high-risk GBM. The univariate and multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that the IRGPs signature was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: We developed a novel IRGPs signature for predicting OS in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Zhejiang Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wu C, Hu Q, Ma D. Development of an immune-related gene pairs signature for predicting clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3611. [PMID: 33574499 PMCID: PMC7878883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main pathological subtype of Non-small cell lung cancer. We downloaded the gene expression profile and immune-related gene set from the TCGA and ImmPort database, respectively, to establish immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs). Then, IRGPs were subjected to univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and multivariable Cox regression analysis to screen and develop an IRGPs signature. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied for evaluating the predicting accuracy of this signature by calculating the area under ROC (AUC) and data from the GEO set was used to validate this signature. The relationship of 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) to the immune risk score was also investigated. An IRGPs signature with 8 IRGPs was constructed. The AUC for 1- and 3-year overall survival in the TCGA set was 0.867 and 0.870, respectively. Similar results were observed in the AUCs of GEO set 1, 2 and 3 (GEO set 1 [1-year: 0.819; 3-year: 0.803]; GEO set 2 [1-year: 0.834; 3-year: 0.870]; GEO set 3 [1-year: 0.955; 3-year: 0.827]). Survival analysis demonstrated high-risk LUAD patients exhibited poorer prognosis. The multivariable Cox regression indicated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The immune risk score was highly associated with several TIICs (Plasma cells, memory B cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, and activated NK cells). We developed a novel IRGPs signature for predicting 1- and 3- year overall survival in LUAD, which would be helpful for prognosis assessment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanteng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital, No. 150 Ximen Street, Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Tackling cancer cell dormancy: Insights from immune models, and transplantation. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:5-16. [PMID: 33582171 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated non-dividing (dormant) cancer cells as well as those in equilibrium with the immune response remain the major challenge for successful treatment of cancer. The equilibrium between disseminated dormant cancer cells and the immune system is reminiscent of states that can occur during infection or allogeneic tissue and cell transplantation. We discuss here the major competing models of how the immune system achieves a self nonself discrimination (pathogen/danger patterns, quorum, and coinhibition/tuning models), and suggest that taking advantage of a combination of the proposed mechanisms in each model may lead to increased efficacy in tackling cancer cell dormancy.
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43
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Samavat H, Luu HN, Beckman KB, Jin A, Wang R, Koh WP, Yuan JM. Leukocyte telomere length, cancer incidence and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults: Singapore Chinese Health Study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:352-362. [PMID: 33459354 PMCID: PMC10693991 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres play a key role in chromosomal maintenance and stability. To date, few studies have investigated the association of leukocyte telomere length with risk of cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in a large prospective cohort, particularly of the Asian population. Relative telomere lengths in genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples were quantified using a validated quantitative real-time PCR among 26 540 middle-aged or older Chinese adults. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer and deaths by quintiles of telomere length were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression method with adjustment for age, sex and other potential confounders. After baseline blood collection, 4353 persons developed cancer and 7609 died. Participants with the longest decile of telomeres had a 26% (95% CI: 11%-44%) higher risk of total cancer incidence compared to the shortest decile after controlling for age, sex and other potential founders (Ptrend < .0001). In contrast, longer telomeres were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.84-1.03), noncancer death (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71-0.92), specifically, death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.89) and digestive diseases (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.88). Our findings demonstrated that longer telomeres are associated with increased risk of cancer development overall and several common cancer types including breast, rectal, prostate, pancreatic cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. Our study also confirmed that longer telomeres are associated with a reduced risk of noncancer related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Samavat
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hung N. Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth B. Beckman
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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44
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López C, Gibert-Ramos A, Bosch R, Korzynska A, García-Rojo M, Bueno G, García-Fontgivell JF, Martínez González S, Fontoura L, Gras Navarro A, Sauras Colón E, Casanova Ribes J, Roszkowiak L, Roso A, Berenguer M, Llobera M, Baucells J, Lejeune M. Differences in the Immune Response of the Nonmetastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes between Triple-Negative and Luminal A Breast Cancer Surrogate Subtypes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:545-554. [PMID: 33309504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) comprises four immunohistochemical surrogate subtypes of which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest risk of mortality. Axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) are the regions where BC cells first establish before distant metastasis, and the presence of tumor cells in the ALN causes an immune tolerance profile that contrasts with that of the nonmetastatic ALN (ALN-). However, few studies have compared the immune components of the ALNs- in BC subtypes. The present study aimed to determine whether differences between immune populations in the primary tumor and ALNs- were associated with the luminal A or TNBC subtype. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 144 patients using paraffin-embedded biopsies. The TNBC samples tended to have a higher histologic grade and proliferation index and had higher levels of immune markers compared with luminal A in primary tumors and ALNs-. Two methods for validating the multivariate analysis found that histologic grade, intratumoral S100 dendritic cells, and CD8 T lymphocytes and CD57 natural killer cells in the ALNs- were factors associated with TNBC, whereas CD83 dendritic cells in the ALNs- were associated with the luminal A subtype. In conclusion, we found that intratumoral regions and ALNs- of TNBC contained higher concentrations of markers related to immune tolerance than luminal A. This finding partially explains the worse prognosis of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) - Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Tortosa, Spain.
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain.
| | - Ramón Bosch
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Anna Korzynska
- Laboratory of Processing and Analysis of Microscopic Images, Nalęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (IBIB PAN), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcial García-Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- VISILAB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Laia Fontoura
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Andrea Gras Navarro
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) - Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Esther Sauras Colón
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Júlia Casanova Ribes
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Lukasz Roszkowiak
- Laboratory of Processing and Analysis of Microscopic Images, Nalęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (IBIB PAN), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Roso
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Berenguer
- Knowledge Management Department, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llobera
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Jordi Baucells
- Informatics Department, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marylène Lejeune
- Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, ICS, IISPV, Tortosa, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) - Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Tortosa, Spain
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López C, Bosch-Príncep R, Orero G, Fontoura Balagueró L, Korzynska A, García-Rojo M, Bueno G, Fernández-Carrobles MDM, Roszkowiak L, Callau Casanova C, Salvadó-Usach MT, Jaén Martínez J, Gibert-Ramos A, Roso-Llorach A, Gras Navarro A, Berenguer-Poblet M, Llobera M, Gil Garcia J, Tomás B, Gestí V, Laine E, Plancoulaine B, Baucells J, Lejeune M. Peritumoral immune infiltrates in primary tumours are not associated with the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9779. [PMID: 32953267 PMCID: PMC7474517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in breast cancer patients are the body regions to where tumoral cells most often first disseminate. The tumour immune response is important for breast cancer patient outcome, and some studies have evaluated its involvement in ALN metastasis development. Most studies have focused on the intratumoral immune response, but very few have evaluated the peritumoral immune response. The aim of the present article is to evaluate the immune infiltrates of the peritumoral area and their association with the presence of ALN metastases. Methods The concentration of 11 immune markers in the peritumoral areas was studied in 149 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (half of whom had ALN metastasis at diagnosis) using tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis procedures. The differences in the concentration of the immune response of peritumoral areas between patients diagnosed with and without metastasis in their ALNs were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify the clinical-pathological variables and the peritumoral immune markers independently associated with having or not having ALN metastases at diagnosis. Results No statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of the 11 immune markers between patients diagnosed with or without ALN metastases. Patients with metastases in their ALNs had a higher histological grade, more lymphovascular and perineural invasion and larger-diameter tumours. The multivariate analysis, after validation by bootstrap simulation, revealed that only tumour diameter (OR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.00–1.07]; p = 0.026), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 25.42; 95% CI [9.57–67.55]; p < 0.001) and histological grades 2 (OR = 3.84; 95% CI [1.11–13.28]; p = 0.033) and 3 (OR = 5.18; 95% CI [1.40–19.17]; p = 0.014) were associated with the presence of ALN metastases at diagnosis. This study is one of the first to study the association of the peritumoral immune response with ALN metastasis. We did not find any association of peritumoral immune infiltrates with the presence of ALN metastasis. Nevertheless, this does not rule out the possibility that other peritumoral immune populations are associated with ALN metastasis. This matter needs to be examined in greater depth, broadening the types of peritumoral immune cells studied, and including new peritumoral areas, such as the germinal centres of the peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures found in extensively infiltrated neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain.,Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Universitat Rovira Virgili Tarragona, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Ramón Bosch-Príncep
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Guifré Orero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Anna Korzynska
- Laboratory of Processing and Analysis of Microscopic Images, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcial García-Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- VISILAB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Lukasz Roszkowiak
- Laboratory of Processing and Analysis of Microscopic Images, Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - M Teresa Salvadó-Usach
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain.,Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Universitat Rovira Virgili Tarragona, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Albert Roso-Llorach
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Gras Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Marta Berenguer-Poblet
- Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Universitat Rovira Virgili Tarragona, Tortosa, Spain.,Department of Knowledge Management, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Montse Llobera
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Júlia Gil Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Tomás
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gestí
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Eeva Laine
- Department of Knowledge Management, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Baucells
- Department of Informatics, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Maryléne Lejeune
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain.,Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Universitat Rovira Virgili Tarragona, Tortosa, Spain
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Talamantes S, Xie E, Costa RLB, Chen M, Rademaker A, Santa-Maria CA. Circulating immune cell dynamics in patients with triple negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6954-6960. [PMID: 32757467 PMCID: PMC7541144 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphopenia has been associated with inferior cancer outcomes, but there is limited data in breast cancer. We describe the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on circulating immune cells and its association with pathological complete response (pCR) rates in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS We constructed a database of patients with early stage TNBC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Circulating lymphocytes and monocytes were assessed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These were correlated with pCR rates and disease-free survival (DFS) using Fisher's exact test, logistic regression, and the log-rank test. RESULTS From 2000 to 2015, we identified 95 eligible patients. Median age was 50; 29 (31%) were treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy; and 66 (69%) with nonplatinum-containing chemotherapy (anthracycline-taxane, or either alone). About 32 (34%) patients achieved a pCR; and 33 (35%) had recurrence events. Median follow-up time was 47 months. No significant associations were found between changes in lymphocytes and pCR or DFS. There was a correlation between lower monocyte levels after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pCR (mean monocyte 0.56 in those with no-pCR vs 0.46 in those with pCR, P = .049, multivariate P = .078) and DFS (median DFS in highest monocyte quartile was 30 vs 107 months in lowest quartile, P = .022, multivariate P = .023). In patients who received nonplatinum regimens, DFS was better among those who had larger decreases in monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Development of lymphopenia from neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with pCR in patients with TNBC. However, lower absolute circulating monocytes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talamantes
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Xie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Melissa Chen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Barati M, Jabbari M, Nickho H, Esparvarinha M, Javadi Mamaghani A, Majdi H, Fathollahi A, Davoodi SH. Regulatory T Cells in Bioactive Peptides-Induced Oral Tolerance; a Two-Edged Sword Related to the Risk of Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:956-967. [PMID: 32648489 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1784442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review assesses the literature regarding beneficial and potential detrimental effects of bioactive peptides (BPs), focusing on evidence of regulatory T cells (T-regs) mediated oral tolerance (OT), collagen hydrolysate (CH) supplementation in osteoarthritis (OA) and the association of T-regs with chronic disease. The systematic search was done for articles published from inception to April 2019 using the PubMed and Scopus databases. About 3081 papers were identified by three different search strategies and screened against inclusion criteria which resulted in the inclusion of 22 articles. From the included articles, 12 papers were related to treatment of different disease in vivo by oral administration of BPs, six articles evaluated the effects of CH supplementation, as a rich source of BPs, on OA pain-relief and four observational studies assessed the association of circulating T-regs and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The evidence obtained from first search strategy, indicated that oral administration of BPs improve clinical manifestations of animal models of allergy, arthritis, atherosclerosis, ulcerative colitis and allograft rejection by T-regs expansion; while, observational studies showed that although higher levels of circulating T-regs reduced risk of CVD and allergy, but, increased risk of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anwar Fathollahi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Marincola Smith P, Baechle J, Solórzano CC, Tan M, Lopez-Aguiar AG, Dillhoff M, Beal E, Poultsides G, Cannon JGD, Rocha FG, Crown A, Cho C, Beems M, Winslow ER, Rendell VR, Krasnick BA, Fields RC, Maithel SK, Bailey CE, Idrees K. Impact of perioperative blood transfusion on survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients: analysis from the US Neuroendocrine Study Group. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:1042-1050. [PMID: 31806388 PMCID: PMC7263954 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.10.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been associated with worse survival in multiple malignancies but its impact on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PRBC transfusion on survival following PNET resection. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of PNET patients was performed using the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group database. Demographic and clinical factors were compared. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses were performed. Factors associated with transfusion, overall (OS), recurrence-free (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of 1129 patients with surgically resected PNETs, 156 (13.8%) received perioperative PRBC transfusion. Transfused patients had higher ASA Class, lower preoperative hemoglobin, larger tumors, more nodal involvement, and increased major complications (all p < 0.010). Transfused patients had worse median OS (116 vs 150 months, p < 0.001), worse RFS (83 vs 128 months, p < 0.01) in curatively resected (n = 1047), and worse PFS (11 vs 24 months, p = 0.110) in non-curatively resected (n = 82) patients. On multivariable analysis, transfusion was associated with worse OS (HR 1.80, p = 0.011) when controlling for TNM stage, tumor grade, final resection status, and pre-operative anemia. CONCLUSION PRBC transfusion is associated with worse survival for patients undergoing PNET resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marincola Smith
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Carmen C Solórzano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcus Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra G Lopez-Aguiar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Dillhoff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eliza Beal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - George Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John G D Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Flavio G Rocha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angelena Crown
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Clifford Cho
- Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Beems
- Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Advanced Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily R Winslow
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Victoria R Rendell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bradley A Krasnick
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina E Bailey
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamran Idrees
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Pull CD, McMahon DP. Superorganism Immunity: A Major Transition in Immune System Evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Conibear AC, Schmid A, Kamalov M, Becker CFW, Bello C. Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1174-1205. [PMID: 29173146 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171123204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide-based pharmaceuticals have recently experienced a renaissance due to their ability to fill the gap between the two main classes of available drugs, small molecules and biologics. Peptides combine the high potency and selectivity typical of large proteins with some of the characteristic advantages of small molecules such as synthetic accessibility, stability and the potential of oral bioavailability. METHODS In the present manuscript we review the recent literature on selected peptide-based approaches for cancer treatment, emphasizing recent advances, advantages and challenges of each strategy. RESULTS One of the applications in which peptide-based approaches have grown rapidly is cancer therapy, with a focus on new and established targets. We describe, with selected examples, some of the novel peptide-based methods for cancer treatment that have been developed in the last few years, ranging from naturally-occurring and modified peptides to peptidedrug conjugates, peptide nanomaterials and peptide-based vaccines. CONCLUSION This review brings out the emerging role of peptide-based strategies in oncology research, critically analyzing the advantages and limitations of these approaches and the potential for their development as effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Conibear
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alanca Schmid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meder Kamalov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biolology-PeptLab, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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