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Razizadeh MH, Zafarani A, Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Khorramdelazad H, Minaeian S, Mahmoudi M. Natural killer cells and their exosomes in viral infections and related therapeutic approaches: where are we? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:261. [PMID: 37749597 PMCID: PMC10519079 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of the host immune system to fight against infections. Natural killer cells are the innate immunity lymphocytes responsible for fighting against virus-infected and cancerous cells. They have various mechanisms to suppress viral infections. On the other hand, viruses have evolved to utilize different ways to evade NK cell-mediated responses. Viruses can balance the response by regulating the cytokine release pattern and changing the proportion of activating and inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication. Most cell populations can release these nano-sized vesicles, and it was shown that these vesicles produce identical outcomes to the originating cell from which they are released. In recent years, the role of NK cell-derived exosomes in various diseases including viral infections has been highlighted, drawing attention to utilizing the therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles. In this article, the role of NK cells in various viral infections and the mechanisms used by viruses to evade these important immune system cells are initially examined. Subsequently, the role of NK cell exosomes in controlling various viral infections is discussed. Finally, the current position of these cells in the treatment of viral infections and the therapeutic potential of their exosomes are reviewed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chiffi G, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Chrdle A, Růžek D. Tick-borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2470. [PMID: 37392370 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus commonly found in at least 27 European and Asian countries. It is an emerging public health problem, with steadily increasing case numbers over recent decades. Tick-borne encephalitis virus affects between 10,000 and 15,000 patients annually. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected tick and, much less commonly, through infected milk consumption or aerosols. The TBEV genome comprises a positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecule of ∼11 kilobases. The open reading frame is > 10,000 bases long, flanked by untranslated regions (UTR), and encodes a polyprotein that is co- and post-transcriptionally processed into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Tick-borne encephalitis virus infection results in encephalitis, often with a characteristic biphasic disease course. After a short incubation time, the viraemic phase is characterised by non-specific influenza-like symptoms. After an asymptomatic period of 2-7 days, more than half of patients show progression to a neurological phase, usually characterised by central and, rarely, peripheral nervous system symptoms. Mortality is low-around 1% of confirmed cases, depending on the viral subtype. After acute tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a minority of patients experience long-term neurological deficits. Additionally, 40%-50% of patients develop a post-encephalitic syndrome, which significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Although TBEV has been described for several decades, no specific treatment exists. Much remains unknown regarding the objective assessment of long-lasting sequelae. Additional research is needed to better understand, prevent, and treat TBE. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture of TBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Chiffi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aleš Chrdle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Lee HN, Manangeeswaran M, Lewkowicz AP, Engel K, Chowdhury M, Garige M, Eckhaus MA, Sourbier C, Ireland DD, Verthelyi D. NK cells require immune checkpoint receptor LILRB4/gp49B to control neurotropic Zika virus infections in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151420. [PMID: 35132958 PMCID: PMC8855830 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells express an array of inhibitory checkpoint receptors that are upregulated upon activation and limit tissue damage associated with excessive response to pathogens or allergens. Mouse leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B4 (LILRB4), also known as glycoprotein 49B (gp49B), is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor constitutively expressed in myeloid cells and upregulated in B cells, T cells, and NK cells upon activation. Here, we report that expression of LILRB4, which binds Zika virus (ZIKV), was increased in microglia and myeloid cells infiltrating the brains of neonatal mice with ZIKV-associated meningoencephalitis. Importantly, while C57BL/6 mice developed transient neurological symptoms but survived infection, mice lacking LILRB4/gp49B (LILRB4 KO) exhibited more severe signs of neurological disease and succumbed to disease. Their brains showed increased cellular infiltration but reduced control of viral burden. The reduced viral clearance was associated with altered NK cell function in the absence of LILRB4/gp49B. In naive animals, this manifested as reduced granzyme B responses to stimulation, but in ZIKV-infected animals, NK cells showed phenotypic changes that suggested altered maturation, diminished glucose consumption, reduced IFN-γ and granzyme B production, and impaired cytotoxicity. Together, our data reveal LILRB4/gp49B as an important regulator of NK cell function during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Mohanraj Manangeeswaran
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Aaron P Lewkowicz
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Kaliroi Engel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Monica Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Mamatha Garige
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Eckhaus
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek Dc Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
| | - Daniela Verthelyi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease and Inflammation, Office of Biotechnology Products, and
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4
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Cimini E, Grassi G, Beccacece A, Casetti R, Castilletti C, Capobianchi MR, Nicastri E, Agrati C. In Acute Dengue Infection, High TIM-3 Expression May Contribute to the Impairment of IFNγ Production by Circulating Vδ2 T Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010130. [PMID: 35062334 PMCID: PMC8781730 DOI: 10.3390/v14010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are innate cells able to quickly eliminate pathogens or infected/tumoral cells by their antiviral and adjuvancy activities. The role of γδ T cells during Dengue Viral Infection (DENV) infection is not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, human primary γδ T cells have been shown to kill in vitro DENV-infected cells, thus highlighting their possible antiviral function. The aim of this work was to characterize the phenotype and function of Vδ2 T cells in DENV patients. Fifteen DENV patients were enrolled for this study and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to analyze Vδ2-T-cell frequency, differentiation profile, activation/exhaustion status, and functionality by multiparametric flow cytometry. Our data demonstrated that DENV infection was able to significantly reduce Vδ2-T-cell frequency and to increase their activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD-1 and TIM-3). Furthermore, Vδ2 T cells showed a reduced capability to produce IFN-γ after phosphoantigenic stimulation that can be associated to TIM-3 expression. Several studies are needed to depict the possible clinical impact of γδ-T-cell impairment on disease severity and to define the antiviral and immunoregulatory activities of γδ T cells in the first phases of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Pre-Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostic, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, 00131 Roma, Italy
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (E.N.)
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.G.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5517-0907
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5
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A Study of Within-Host Dynamics of Dengue Infection incorporating both Humoral and Cellular Response with a Time Delay for Production of Antibodies. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL BIOPHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/cmb-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
a. Background: Dengue is an acute illness caused by a virus. The complex behaviour of the virus in human body can be captured using mathematical models. These models helps us to enhance our understanding on the dynamics of the virus.
b. Objectives: We propose to study the dynamics of within-host epidemic model of dengue infection which incorporates both innate immune response and adaptive immune response (Cellular and Humoral). The proposed model also incorporates the time delay for production of antibodies from B cells. We propose to understand the dynamics of the this model using the dynamical systems approach by performing the stability and sensitivity analysis.
c. Methods used: The basic reproduction number (R0) has been computed using the next generation matrix method. The standard stability analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on the proposed model.
d. Results: The critical level of the antibody recruitment rate(q) was found to be responsible for the existence and stability of various steady states. The stability of endemic state was found to be dependent on time delay(τ). The sensitivity analysis identified the production rate of antibodies (q) to be highly sensitive parameter.
e. Conclusions: The existence and stability conditions for the equilibrium points have been obtained. The threshold value of time delay (τ0) has been computed which is critical for change in stability of the endemic state. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the crucial and sensitive parameters of the model.
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Bao C, Tao X, Cui W, Hao Y, Zheng S, Yi B, Pan T, Young KH, Qian W. Natural killer cells associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shedding, antibody response and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33504359 PMCID: PMC7839286 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two consecutively negative SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA test ( interval ≥ 24 hours), improved respiratory symptoms and obvious absorption of inflammation in pulmonary imaging are the discharge criteria for COVID-19 patients. The clearance profile of viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract specimens, including nasopharyngeal swab and/or oropharyngeal swabs, is related to innate immune cells such as Natural Killer cells. A total of 168 patients were included for the study. In this cohort, non-severe and severe groups showed significant differences in white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils and platelets counts, as well as in infection related parameters such as CRP and serum cytokine IL-6. For lymphocyte subsets tests at admission, the severe group displayed significantly lower cell counts than the non-severe group. Higher counts of total T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells in peripheral blood showed a significant correlation with the shorter time taken to obtain the first negative viral RNA test and first positive IgM/ IgG antibody test. The number of B cells was only correlated with time to achieve the first positive IgM/IgG test. The count of NK cells was also correlated with a higher level of IgG antibody (p = 0.025). The lymphocytopenia group had a significantly worse survival rate (p = 0.022) and a longer duration (p = 0.023) of viral shedding than the normal lymphocyte count group. A lower NK cell count correlates the most with the worse survival rate (p<0.001) and a longer duration (p<0.001) of viral shedding. This study suggests the potential value of allo-Natural Killer cell therapy as an universal COVID-19 treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqian Bao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiandong Tao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 200438, Shanghai, China.,Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, 430100, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaike Zheng
- Department of Dentist, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 200438, Shanghai, China.,Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, 430100, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiewen Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University Cancer Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Petitdemange C, Maucourant C, Tarantino N, Rey J, Vieillard V. Glycogen synthetase kinase 3 inhibition drives MIC-A/B to promote cytokine production by human natural killer cells in Dengue virus type 2 infection. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:342-352. [PMID: 31743425 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most widespread arbovirus worldwide and is responsible for major outbreaks. The host's immune response plays a crucial role in controlling this infection but might also contribute to the promotion of viral spread and immunopathology. In response to DENV infection, NK cells preferentially produce cytokines and are cytotoxic in the presence of specific antibodies. Here, we identified that DENV-2 inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity to subsequently induce MHC class-1-related chain (MIC) A and MIC-B expression and IL-12 production in monocyte-derived DCs, independently of the STAT-3 pathway. The inhibition of GSK-3 by DENV-2 or small molecules induced MIC-A/B expression on monocyte-derived DCs, resulting in autologous NK cells of a specific increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α production, in the absence of direct cytotoxicity. Together, these findings identified GSK-3 as a regulator of MIC-A/B expression and suggested its role in DENV-2 infection to specifically induce cytokine production by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Petitdemange
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Maucourant
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Tarantino
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Rey
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France
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8
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Perera S, Perera SSN. Mathematical modeling and analysis of innate and humoral immune responses to dengue infections. INT J BIOMATH 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524519500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is an acute arthropode-borne virus, belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments available against dengue. Thus it is important to understand the dynamics of dengue in order to control the infection. In this paper, we study the long-term dynamics of the model that is presented in [S. D. Perera and S. S. N. Perera, Simulation model for dynamics of dengue with innate and humoral immune responses, Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2018 (2018) 8798057, 18 pp. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8798057 ] which describes the interaction of virus with infected and uninfected cells in the presence of innate and humoral immune responses. It was found the model has three equilibria, namely: infection free equilibrium, no immune equilibrium and endemic equilibrium, then analyzed its stability analytically. The analytical findings of each model have been exemplified by numerical simulations. Given the fact that intensity of dengue virus replication at early times of infection could determine clinical outcomes, it is important to understand the impact of innate immunity, which is believed to be the first line of defense against an invading pathogen. For this we carry out a simulation case study to investigate the importance of innate immune response on dengue virus dynamics. A comparison was done assuming that innate immunity was active; innate immunity was in quasi-steady state and innate immunity was inactive during the virus replication process. By a further analysis of the qualitative behavior of the quasi-steady state, it was observed that innate immune response plays a pivotal role in dengue virus dynamics. It can change the dynamical behavior of the system and is essential for the virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulanie Perera
- Research and Development Center for Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - S. S. N. Perera
- Research and Development Center for Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
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9
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McKechnie JL, Beltrán D, Pitti A, Saenz L, Araúz AB, Vergara R, Harris E, Lanier LL, Blish CA, López-Vergès S. HLA Upregulation During Dengue Virus Infection Suppresses the Natural Killer Cell Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:268. [PMID: 31396492 PMCID: PMC6663972 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus in the world and a major cause of morbidity in the tropics and subtropics. Upregulation of HLA class I molecules has long been considered a feature of DENV infection, yet this has not been evaluated in the setting of natural infection. Natural killer (NK) cells, an innate immune cell subset critical for mounting an early response to viral infection, are inhibited by self HLA class I, suggesting that upregulation of HLA class I during DENV infection could dampen the NK cell response. Here we addressed whether upregulation of HLA class I molecules occurs during in vivo DENV infection and, if so, whether this suppresses the NK cell response. We found that HLA class I expression was indeed upregulated during acute DENV infection across multiple cell lineages in vivo. To better understand the role of HLA class I upregulation, we infected primary human monocytes, a major target of DENV infection, in vitro. Upregulation of total HLA class I is dependent on active viral replication and is mediated in part by cytokines and other soluble factors induced by infection, while upregulation of HLA-E occurs in the presence of replication-incompetent virus. Importantly, blocking DENV-infected monocytes with a pan-HLA class I Fab nearly doubles the frequency of degranulating NK cells, while blocking HLA-E does not significantly improve the NK cell response. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of HLA class I during DENV infection suppresses the NK cell response, potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. McKechnie
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Davis Beltrán
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Arcelys Pitti
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Lisseth Saenz
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Rosemary Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sandra López-Vergès
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
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10
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Maucourant C, Petitdemange C, Yssel H, Vieillard V. Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020131. [PMID: 30709036 PMCID: PMC6410043 DOI: 10.3390/v11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosive pandemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed by Zika (ZIKV) virus infections occurring throughout many countries represents the most unexpected arrival of arthropod-borne viral diseases in the past 20 years. Transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, the clinical picture associated with these acute arbovirus infections, including Dengue (DENV), CHIKV and ZIKV, ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease. Whereas ZIKV and CHIKV-mediated infections have previously been recognized as relatively benign diseases, in contrast to Dengue fever, recent epidemic events have brought waves of increased morbidity and mortality leading to a serious public health problem. Although the host immune response plays a crucial role in controlling infections, it may also promote viral spread and immunopathology. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of the immune response, with an emphasis on the early antiviral immune response mediated by natural killer cells and emphasize their Janus-faced effects in the control of arbovirus infection and pathogenesis. Improving our understanding knowledge on of the mechanisms that control viral infection is crucial in the current race against the globalization of arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR9196, Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
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11
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Human antibodies targeting Zika virus NS1 provide protection against disease in a mouse model. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4560. [PMID: 30385750 PMCID: PMC6212565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Specific treatments and vaccines for Zika virus are not currently available. Here, we isolate and characterize four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an infected patient that target the non-structural protein NS1. We show that while these antibodies are non-neutralizing, NS1-specific mAbs can engage FcγR without inducing antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that mAb AA12 has protective efficacy against lethal challenges of African and Asian lineage strains of Zika virus in Stat2–/– mice. Protection is Fc-dependent, as a mutated antibody unable to activate known Fc effector functions or complement is not protective in vivo. This study highlights the importance of the ZIKV NS1 protein as a potential vaccine antigen. Zika virus infection can cause severe disease in humans and there are currently no specific treatments or vaccines. Here, Bailey et al. isolate antibodies recognizing non-structural protein NS1 and show that they protect mice from disease by an Fc-dependent, non-neutralizing mechanism.
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12
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Regulation and Function of NK and T Cells During Dengue Virus Infection and Vaccination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:251-264. [PMID: 29845538 PMCID: PMC7121313 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this review is to discuss findings in the last 10 years that have advanced our understanding of human NK cell responses to dengue virus. We will review recently identified interactions of activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells with dengue virus, human NK responses to natural dengue infection and highlight possible interactions by which NK cells may shape adaptive immune responses. T cell responses to natural dengue infection will be reviewed by Laura Rivino in Chap. 17 . With the advent of numerous dengue vaccine clinical trials, we will also review T and NK cell immune responses to dengue virus vaccination. As our understanding of the diverse functions of NK cell has advanced, it has become increasingly clear that human NK cell responses to viral infections are more complicated than initially recognized.
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13
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Simulation Model for Dynamics of Dengue with Innate and Humoral Immune Responses. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8798057. [PMID: 29849749 PMCID: PMC5925133 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8798057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is a mosquito borne Flavivirus and the most prevalent arbovirus in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The incidence of dengue has increased drastically over the last few years at an alarming rate. The clinical manifestation of dengue ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe dengue. Even though the viral kinetics of dengue infection is lacking, innate immune response and humoral immune response are thought to play a major role in controlling the virus count. Here, we developed a computer simulation mathematical model including both innate and adaptive immune responses to study the within-host dynamics of dengue virus infection. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify key parameters that would contribute towards severe dengue. A detailed stability analysis was carried out to identify relevant range of parameters that contributes to different outcomes of the infection. This study provides a qualitative understanding of the biological factors that can explain the viral kinetics during a dengue infection.
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14
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Duan X, Li S, Wong G, Wang D, Wang H, Lu J, Bi Y, Lu X, Shi Y, Yan J, Fang M, Gao GF. Natural killer cells are activated and play a protective role against ZIKA virus infection in mice. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:982-984. [PMID: 36659501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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15
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Póvoa TF, Oliveira ERA, Basílio-de-Oliveira CA, Nuovo GJ, Chagas VLA, Salomão NG, Mota EM, Paes MV. Peripheral Organs of Dengue Fatal Cases Present Strong Pro-Inflammatory Response with Participation of IFN-Gamma-, TNF-Alpha- and RANTES-Producing Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168973. [PMID: 28006034 PMCID: PMC5179082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue disease is an acute viral illness caused by dengue virus (DENV) that can progress to hemorrhagic stages leading to about 20000 deaths every year worldwide. Despite many clinical investigations regarding dengue, the immunopathogenic process by which infected patients evolve to the severe forms is not fully understood. Apart from differences in virulence and the antibody cross reactivity that can potentially augment virus replication, imbalanced cellular immunity is also seen as a major concern in the establishment of severe dengue. In this context, the investigation of cellular immunity and its products in dengue fatal cases may provide valuable data to help revealing dengue immunopathogenesis. Here, based in four dengue fatal cases infected by the serotype 3 in Brazil, different peripheral organs (livers, lungs and kidneys) were studied to evaluate the presence of cell infiltrates and the patterns of local cytokine response. The overall scenario of the studied cases revealed a considerable systemic involvement of infection with mononuclear cells targeted to all of the evaluated organs, as measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantification of cytokine-expressing cells in peripheral tissues was also performed to characterize the ongoing inflammatory process by the severe stage of the disease. Increased levels of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing cells in liver, lung and kidney samples of post-mortem subjects evidenced a strong pro-inflammatory induction in these tissues. The presence of increased RANTES-producing cell numbers in all analyzed organs suggested a possible link between the clinical status and altered vascular permeability. Co-staining of DENV RNA and IFN-γ or TNF-α using in situ hibridization and IHC confirmed the virus-specific trigger of the pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, this work provided additional evidences that corroborated with the traditional theories regarding the “cytokine storm” and the occurrence of uneven cellular immunity in response to DENV as major reasons for progress to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Póvoa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Viral Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson R. A. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Phylogeny Inc, Powell, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vera L. A. Chagas
- Pathological Anatomy, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália G. Salomão
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester M. Mota
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marciano V. Paes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Petitdemange C, Wauquier N, Devilliers H, Yssel H, Mombo I, Caron M, Nkoghé D, Debré P, Leroy E, Vieillard V. Longitudinal Analysis of Natural Killer Cells in Dengue Virus-Infected Patients in Comparison to Chikungunya and Chikungunya/Dengue Virus-Infected Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004499. [PMID: 26938618 PMCID: PMC4777550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prominent arbovirus worldwide, causing major epidemics in South-East Asia, South America and Africa. In 2010, a major DENV-2 outbreak occurred in Gabon with cases of patients co-infected with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Although the innate immune response is thought to be of primordial importance in the development and outcome of arbovirus-associated pathologies, our knowledge of the role of natural killer (NK) cells during DENV-2 infection is in its infancy. Methodology We performed the first extensive comparative longitudinal characterization of NK cells in patients infected by DENV-2, CHIKV or both viruses. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses were performed to discriminate between CHIKV and DENV-2 infected patients. Principal Findings We observed that both activation and differentiation of NK cells are induced during the acute phase of infection by DENV-2 and CHIKV. Combinatorial analysis however, revealed that both arboviruses induced two different signatures of NK-cell responses, with CHIKV more associated with terminal differentiation, and DENV-2 with inhibitory KIRs. We show also that intracellular production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by NK cells is strongly stimulated in acute DENV-2 infection, compared to CHIKV. Conclusions/Significance Although specific differences were observed between CHIKV and DENV-2 infections, the significant remodeling of NK cell populations observed here suggests their potential roles in the control of both infections. Dengue fever is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide, affecting 50 to 100 million individuals annually. The clinical picture associated with acute dengue virus (DENV) infections ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease. The innate immunity is the first line of defense in the control of viral replication. In this article, we examine the particular role of natural killer (NK) cells in DENV infection at different time points after the onset of symptoms. This extensive study was performed in comparison with patients infected by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), another major arbovirus transmitted by the same mosquito vectors, and co-infected CHIKV/DENV-2 patients. We observed that DENV2 and CHIKV induced different signatures of NK-cell responses suggesting specific roles in the control of both infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Petitdemange
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Metabiota, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hervé Devilliers
- Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Illich Mombo
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Mélanie Caron
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Dieudonné Nkoghé
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Patrice Debré
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Eric Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Townsley E, O'Connor G, Cosgrove C, Woda M, Co M, Thomas SJ, Kalayanarooj S, Yoon I, Nisalak A, Srikiatkhachorn A, Green S, Stephens HAF, Gostick E, Price DA, Carrington M, Alter G, McVicar DW, Rothman AL, Mathew A. Interaction of a dengue virus NS1-derived peptide with the inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 on natural killer cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 183:419-30. [PMID: 26439909 PMCID: PMC4750593 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) interact with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands and play a key role in the regulation and activation of NK cells. The functional importance of KIR-HLA interactions has been demonstrated for a number of chronic viral infections, but to date only a few studies have been performed in the context of acute self-limited viral infections. During our investigation of CD8(+) T cell responses to a conserved HLA-B57-restricted epitope derived from dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein-1 (NS1), we observed substantial binding of the tetrameric complex to non-T/non-B lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a long-standing clinical cohort in Thailand. We confirmed binding of the NS1 tetramer to CD56(dim) NK cells, which are known to express KIRs. Using depletion studies and KIR-transfected cell lines, we demonstrated further that the NS1 tetramer bound the inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1. Phenotypical analysis of PBMC from HLA-B57(+) subjects with acute DENV infection revealed marked activation of NS1 tetramer-binding natural killer (NK) cells around the time of defervescence in subjects with severe dengue disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that subsets of NK cells are activated relatively late in the course of acute DENV illness and reveal a possible role for specific KIR-HLA interactions in the modulation of disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Townsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - G. O'Connor
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - C. Cosgrove
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - M. Woda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - M. Co
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - S. J. Thomas
- Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA
| | - S. Kalayanarooj
- Queen Sirikit National Institute for Child HealthBangkokThailand
| | - I.‐K. Yoon
- Department of VirologyArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand
| | - A. Nisalak
- Department of VirologyArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand
| | - A. Srikiatkhachorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - S. Green
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - H. A. F. Stephens
- Centre for Nephrology and the Anthony Nolan TrustRoyal Free Campus, University CollegeLondonUK
| | - E. Gostick
- Cardiff University School of MedicineInstitute of Infection and ImmunityCardiffUK
| | - D. A. Price
- Cardiff University School of MedicineInstitute of Infection and ImmunityCardiffUK
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - M. Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - G. Alter
- Ragon Institute at MGH, MIT And HarvardMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. W. McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental ImmunologyLeidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - A. L. Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode IslandProvidenceRIUSA
| | - A. Mathew
- Division of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
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18
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Waggoner SN, Reighard SD, Gyurova IE, Cranert SA, Mahl SE, Karmele EP, McNally JP, Moran MT, Brooks TR, Yaqoob F, Rydyznski CE. Roles of natural killer cells in antiviral immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 16:15-23. [PMID: 26590692 PMCID: PMC4821726 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NK cells can kill virus-infected cells and protect against severe infections. Long-lived memory NK cells may develop after vaccination or infection. NK cells are potent regulatory of antiviral T and B cell responses. The role of NK cells in human infection is complex and context-dependent.
Natural killer (NK) cells are important in immune defense against virus infections. This is predominantly considered a function of rapid, innate NK-cell killing of virus-infected cells. However, NK cells also prime other immune cells through the release of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and other cytokines. Additionally, NK cells share features with long-lived adaptive immune cells and can impact disease pathogenesis through the inhibition of adaptive immune responses by virus-specific T and B cells. The relative contributions of these diverse and conflicting functions of NK cells in humans are poorly defined and likely context-dependent, thereby complicating the development of therapeutic interventions. Here we focus on the contributions of NK cells to disease in diverse virus infections germane to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Seth D Reighard
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stacey A Cranert
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah E Mahl
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Erik P Karmele
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P McNally
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael T Moran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Taylor R Brooks
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fazeela Yaqoob
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carolyn E Rydyznski
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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19
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Ben-Shachar R, Koelle K. Minimal within-host dengue models highlight the specific roles of the immune response in primary and secondary dengue infections. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:rsif.2014.0886. [PMID: 25519990 PMCID: PMC4305404 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the within-host viral dynamics of dengue infections have been increasingly characterized, and the relationship between aspects of these dynamics and the manifestation of severe disease has been increasingly probed. Despite this progress, there are few mathematical models of within-host dengue dynamics, and the ones that exist focus primarily on the general role of immune cells in the clearance of infected cells, while neglecting other components of the immune response in limiting viraemia. Here, by considering a suite of mathematical within-host dengue models of increasing complexity, we aim to isolate the critical components of the innate and the adaptive immune response that suffice in the reproduction of several well-characterized features of primary and secondary dengue infections. By building up from a simple target cell limited model, we show that only the innate immune response is needed to recover the characteristic features of a primary symptomatic dengue infection, while a higher rate of viral infectivity (indicative of antibody-dependent enhancement) and infected cell clearance by T cells are further needed to recover the characteristic features of a secondary dengue infection. We show that these minimal models can reproduce the increased risk of disease associated with secondary heterologous infections that arises as a result of a cytokine storm, and, further, that they are consistent with virological indicators that predict the onset of severe disease, such as the magnitude of peak viraemia, time to peak viral load, and viral clearance rate. Finally, we show that the effectiveness of these virological indicators to predict the onset of severe disease depends on the contribution of T cells in fuelling the cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Ben-Shachar
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katia Koelle
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Liu S, Chen L, Zeng Y, Si L, Guo X, Zhou J, Fang D, Zeng G, Jiang L. Suppressed expression of miR-378 targeting gzmb in NK cells is required to control dengue virus infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:700-8. [PMID: 26166761 PMCID: PMC5037283 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) remains a major public health threat because no vaccine or drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection, and the immunopathogenesis mechanisms of DENV infection are not fully understood. Cytotoxic molecules, such as granzyme B (GrzB), may be necessary to control viral infections. However, the exact role of GrzB during DENV infection and the mechanisms regulating GrzB expression during DENV infection are not clear. This study found that miR-27a*, miR-30e, and miR-378 were down-regulated in DENV-infected patients, and DENV infection in humans induced a significant up-regulation of GrzB in natural killer (NK) cells and CD8(+) T cells. Further investigation indicated that NK cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, were the major sources of GrzB, and miR-378, but not miR-27a* or miR-30e, suppressed GrzB expression in NK cells. Notably, we found that overexpression of miR-378 using a miR-378 agomir in DENV-infected mice inhibited GrzB expression and promoted DENV replication. These results suggest the critical importance of miR-378 in the regulation of GrzB expression and a protective role for GrzB in controlling DENV replication in vivo. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into the immunopathogenesis mechanism of DENV infection and a biological basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies to control DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lulu Si
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Danyun Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lifang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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21
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Halstead SB, Zompi S. Protective immune responses to dengue virus infection and vaccines: perspectives from the field to the bench. Front Immunol 2015; 6:75. [PMID: 25741345 PMCID: PMC4332367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Zompi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA ; Immunology and Global Health Consulting , Oakland, CA , USA
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