1
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Qu R, Cheng X, Sefik E, Stanley Iii JS, Landa B, Strino F, Platt S, Garritano J, Odell ID, Coifman R, Flavell RA, Myung P, Kluger Y. Gene trajectory inference for single-cell data by optimal transport metrics. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02186-3. [PMID: 38580861 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing has been widely used to investigate cell state transitions and gene dynamics of biological processes. Current strategies to infer the sequential dynamics of genes in a process typically rely on constructing cell pseudotime through cell trajectory inference. However, the presence of concurrent gene processes in the same group of cells and technical noise can obscure the true progression of the processes studied. To address this challenge, we present GeneTrajectory, an approach that identifies trajectories of genes rather than trajectories of cells. Specifically, optimal transport distances are calculated between gene distributions across the cell-cell graph to extract gene programs and define their gene pseudotemporal order. Here we demonstrate that GeneTrajectory accurately extracts progressive gene dynamics in myeloid lineage maturation. Moreover, we show that GeneTrajectory deconvolves key gene programs underlying mouse skin hair follicle dermal condensate differentiation that could not be resolved by cell trajectory approaches. GeneTrajectory facilitates the discovery of gene programs that control the changes and activities of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihao Qu
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Cheng
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Boris Landa
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Sarah Platt
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Garritano
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ian D Odell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald Coifman
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Program in Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Tian S, Wang R, Wang Y, Chen R, Lin T, Xiao X, Liu X, Ideozu JE, Geng H, Wang Y, Yue D. p32 regulates glycometabolism and TCA cycle to inhibit ccRCC progression via copper-induced DLAT lipoylation oligomerization. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:516-536. [PMID: 38169635 PMCID: PMC10758103 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A key player in mitochondrial respiration, p32, often referred to as C1QBP, is mostly found in the mitochondrial matrix. Previously, we showed that p32 interacts with DLAT in the mitochondria. Here, we found that p32 expression was reduced in ccRCC and suppressed progression and metastasis in ccRCC animal models. We observed that increasing p32 expression led to an increase in oxidative phosphorylation by interacting with DLAT, thus, regulating the activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc). Mechanistically, reduced p32 expression, in concert with DLAT, suppresses PDHc activity and the TCA cycle. Furthermore, our research discovered that p32 has a direct binding affinity for copper, facilitating the copper-induced oligomerization of lipo-DLAT specifically in ccRCC cells. This finding reveals an innovative function of the p32/DLAT/copper complex in regulating glycometabolism and the TCA cycle in ccRCC. Importantly, our research provides important new understandings of the underlying molecular processes causing the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism linked to this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Tian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Tianjin University Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianyu Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Xuesong Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Justin Eze Ideozu
- Genomic Medicine, Genomic Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
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3
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Moon HG, Eccles JD, Kim SJ, Kim KH, Kim YM, Rehman J, Lee H, Kanabar P, Christman JW, Ackerman SJ, Ascoli C, Kang H, Choi HS, Kim M, You S, Park GY. Complement C1q essential for aeroallergen sensitization via CSF1R + conventional dendritic cells type 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1141-1152.e2. [PMID: 37562753 PMCID: PMC10923196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous, comprising multiple subsets with unique functional specifications. Our previous work has demonstrated that the specific conventional type 2 DC subset, CSF1R+cDC2s, plays a critical role in sensing aeroallergens. OBJECTIVE It remains to be understood how CSF1R+cDC2s recognize inhaled allergens. We sought to elucidate the transcriptomic programs and receptor-ligand interactions essential for function of this subset in allergen sensitization. METHODS We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to mouse lung DCs. Conventional DC-selective knockout mouse models were employed, and mice were subjected to inhaled allergen sensitization with multiple readouts of asthma pathology. Under the clinical arm of this work, human lung transcriptomic data were integrated with mouse data, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens were collected from subjects undergoing allergen provocation, with samples assayed for C1q. RESULTS We found that C1q is selectively enriched in lung CSF1R+cDC2s, but not in other lung cDC2 or cDC1 subsets. Depletion of C1q in conventional DCs significantly attenuates allergen sensing and features of asthma. Additionally, we found that C1q binds directly to human dust mite allergen, and the C1q receptor CD91 (LRP1) is required for lung CSF1R+cDC2s to recognize the C1q-allergen complex and induce allergic lung inflammation. Lastly, C1q is enriched in human BAL samples following subsegmental allergen challenge, and human RNA sequencing data demonstrate close homology between lung IGSF21+DCs and mouse CSF1R+cDC2s. CONCLUSIONS C1q is secreted from the CSF1R+cDC2 subset among conventional DCs. Our data indicate that the C1q-LRP1 axis represents a candidate for translational therapeutics in the prevention and suppression of allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Geun Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago.
| | - Jacob D Eccles
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Seung-Jae Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Young-Mee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Pinal Kanabar
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - John W Christman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Columbus; Davis Heart and Lung Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - Gye Young Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago.
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4
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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5
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Al-Obeidi AF, Nowatzky J. Immunopathogenesis of Behçet's disease. Clin Immunol 2023; 253:109661. [PMID: 37295542 PMCID: PMC10484394 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-system inflammatory disorder with vasculitic features. It does not suit any of the current pathogenesis-driven disease classifications well, a unifying concept of its pathogenesis is not unanimously conceivable at present, and its etiology is obscure. Still, evidence from immunogenetic and other studies supports the notion of a complex-polygenic disease with robust innate effector responses, reconstitution of regulatory T cells upon successful treatment, and first clues to the role of an, as of yet, underexplored adaptive immune system and its antigen recognition receptors. Without an attempt to be comprehensive, this review aims to collect and organize impactful parts of this evidence in a way that allows the reader to appreciate the work done and define the efforts needed now. The focus is on literature and notions that drove the field into new directions, whether recent or more remote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshed F Al-Obeidi
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Nowatzky
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Langone Ocular Rheumatology Program, New York, NY, USA; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU Langone Center for Behçet's Disease, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Yang LX, Zhang CT, Yang MY, Zhang XH, Liu HC, Luo CH, Jiang Y, Wang ZM, Yang ZY, Shi ZP, Yang YC, Wei RQ, Zhou L, Mi J, Zhou AW, Yao ZR, Xia L, Yan JS, Lu Y. C1Q labels a highly aggressive macrophage-like leukemia population indicating extramedullary infiltration and relapse. Blood 2023; 141:766-786. [PMID: 36322939 PMCID: PMC10651790 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is a concomitant manifestation that may indicate poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood and therapeutic options are limited. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing on bone marrow (BM) and EMI samples from a patient with AML presenting pervasive leukemia cutis. A complement C1Q+ macrophage-like leukemia subset, which was enriched within cutis and existed in BM before EMI manifestations, was identified and further verified in multiple patients with AML. Genomic and transcriptional profiling disclosed mutation and gene expression signatures of patients with EMI that expressed high levels of C1Q. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed expression dynamics of C1Q from primary to relapse. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated adverse prognosis significance of C1Q expression. Mechanistically, C1Q expression, which was modulated by transcription factor MAF BZIP transcription factor B, endowed leukemia cells with tissue infiltration ability, which could establish prominent cutaneous or gastrointestinal EMI nodules in patient-derived xenograft and cell line-derived xenograft models. Fibroblasts attracted migration of the C1Q+ leukemia cells through C1Q-globular C1Q receptor recognition and subsequent stimulation of transforming growth factor β1. This cell-to-cell communication also contributed to survival of C1Q+ leukemia cells under chemotherapy stress. Thus, C1Q served as a marker for AML with adverse prognosis, orchestrating cancer infiltration pathways through communicating with fibroblasts and represents a compelling therapeutic target for EMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Yang
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng-Ying Yang
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen-Hui Luo
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhang-Man Wang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Peng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Basic Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ci Yang
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruo-Qu Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Basic Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Basic Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Basic Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Yao
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Basic Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Song Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology, Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Riaz B, Islam SMS, Ryu HM, Sohn S. CD83 Regulates the Immune Responses in Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032831. [PMID: 36769151 PMCID: PMC9917562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating the immune system plays an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and defending the body against harmful infections. However, abnormalities in the immune response can lead to various immunopathological responses and severe inflammation. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) can influence immunological responses by promoting the differentiation of T cells into various functional subtypes crucial for the eradication of pathogens. CD83 is a molecule known to be expressed on mature DCs, activated B cells, and T cells. Two isotypes of CD83, a membrane-bound form and a soluble form, are subjects of extensive scientific research. It has been suggested that CD83 is not only a ubiquitous co-stimulatory molecule but also a crucial player in monitoring and resolving inflammatory reactions. Although CD83 has been involved in immunological responses, its functions in autoimmune diseases and effects on pathogen immune evasion remain unclear. Herein, we outline current immunological findings and the proposed function of CD83 in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - S. M. Shamsul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Myung Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lei Y, Li X, Qin D, Zhang Y, Wang Y. gC1qR: A New Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1095943. [PMID: 36776869 PMCID: PMC9909189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although breakthroughs in cancer treatment have been achieved, immunotherapy yields only modest benefits in most patients. There is still a gap in clarifying the immune evasiveness and immune-resistance mechanisms. Identifying other candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy is therefore a clear unmet clinical need. The complement system, a pillar of innate immunity, has recently entered the limelight due to its immunoregulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, gC1qR, a receptor for globular heads of C1q, serves as a promising new target and has attracted more attention. gC1qR, also named P32/C1qBP/HABP1, is a multifunctional protein that is overexpressed in various cancers and holds prognostic value. It regulates the tumorigenic, progression and metastatic properties of tumor cells through several downstream signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, PKC-NF-κB and Akt/PKB pathways. A few preclinical experiments conducted through gC1qR interventions, such as monoclonal antibody, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and tumor vaccination, have shown encouraging results in anticancer activity. The efficacy may rely on the regulatory role on the TME, induction of tumor cells apoptosis and antiangiogenic activity. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the relationship between cancer immunotherapy and gC1qR remains elusive and often contradictory, posing both opportunities and challenges for therapeutic translation in the clinic. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of gC1qR function in cancer immunology and highlight the vital roles in regulating the TME. We also examines the rationale behind targeting gC1qR and discusses the potential for translating into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Lei
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yugu Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Neumann A, Happonen L, Karlsson C, Bahnan W, Frick IM, Björck L. Streptococcal protein SIC activates monocytes and induces inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:102339. [PMID: 33855284 PMCID: PMC8027542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major bacterial pathogen in the human population and isolates of the clinically important M1 serotype secrete protein Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) known to interfere with human innate immunity. Here we find that SIC from M1 bacteria interacts with TLR2 and CD14 on monocytes leading to the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways and the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNFα and INFγ). In human plasma, SIC binds clusterin and histidine-rich glycoprotein, and whole plasma, and these two purified plasma proteins enhanced the activation of monocytes by SIC. Isolates of the M55 serotype secrete an SIC homolog, but this protein did not activate monocytes. M1 isolates are common in cases of invasive S. pyogenes infections characterized by massive inflammation, and the results of this study indicate that the pro-inflammatory property of SIC contributes to the pathology of these severe clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Neumann
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wael Bahnan
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga-Maria Frick
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Björck
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, BMC, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Ghebrehiwet B, Geisbrecht BV, Xu X, Savitt AG, Peerschke EIB. The C1q Receptors: Focus on gC1qR/p33 (C1qBP, p32, HABP-1) 1. Semin Immunol 2019; 45:101338. [PMID: 31744753 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past several years, a number of C1q binding surface proteins or receptors have been described. This is not of course surprising considering the complexity of the C1q molecule and its ability to bind to a wide range of cellular and plasma proteins via both its collagen-like [cC1q] region and its heterotrimeric globular heads [gC1q] each of which in turn is capable of binding a specific ligand. However, while each of these "receptor" molecules undoubtedly plays a specific function within its restricted microenvironment, and therefore merits full attention, this review nonetheless, will singularly focus on the structure and function of gC1qR-a multi-functional and multi-compartmental protein, which plays an important role in inflammation, infection, and cancer. Although first identified as a receptor for C1q, gC1qR has been shown to bind to a plethora of proteins found in plasma, on the cell surface and on pathogenic microorganisms. The plasma proteins that bind to gC1qR are mostly blood coagulation proteins and include high molecular weight kininogen [HK], Factor XII [Hageman factor], fibrinogen, thrombin [FII], and multimeric vitronectin. This suggests that gC1qR can play an important role in modulating not only of fibrin formation, particularly at local sites of immune injury and/or inflammation, but by activating the kinin/kallikrein system, it is also able to generate, bradykinin, a powerful vasoactive peptide that is largely responsible for the swelling seen in angioedema. Another important function of gC1qR is in cancer, where it has been shown to play a role in tumor cell survival, growth and metastatic invasion by interacting with critical molecules in the tumor cell microenvironment including those of the complement system and kinin system. Finally, by virtue of its ability to interact with a growing list of pathogen-associated molecules, including bacterial and viral ligands, gC1qR is becoming recognized as an important pathogen recognition receptor [PRR]. Given the numerous roles it plays in a growing list of disease settings, gC1qR has now become a potential target for the development of monoclonal antibody-based and/or small molecule-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- The Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161 USA.
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- Kansas State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Kansas State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Anne G Savitt
- The Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161 USA
| | - Ellinor I B Peerschke
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA
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11
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Hester CG, Frank MM. Complement activation by IgG containing immune complexes regulates the interaction of C1q with its ligands. Mol Immunol 2019; 116:117-130. [PMID: 31634815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Classical pathway activation of the compl ement system is initiated by the binding of the globular head domains of glycoprotein C1q to its corresponding ligand leading to both C1 activation and C3 convertase formation. However, the whereabouts and function of C1q after complement activation have only been marginally investigated. This report presents two mechanisms of action that remove bound C1q from a complement activating IgG immune complex in concentrated serum. The first mechanism details that sequential activation of the classical and alternative pathways releases bound C1q from an immune complex and that the dissociated C1q is subsequently found in complex with complement fragment C3c. The second mechanism is the displacement of C1q from an immune complex by the addition of near physiologic concentrations of purified or serum C1q. This activity can also be demonstrated using serum depleted of C3, normal serum chelated in EDTA, or purified C1. Fresh C1q in C3-depleted serum was found to replace dissociated C1q on the immune complex. C1q dissociated from immune complexes by the mechanism of C1q displacement is able to bind B and T lymphoblastoid cells that express receptors and ligands for both the collagen like region and the globular head domains of C1q. C1q dissociated from immune complexes by the mechanism of C3 activation do not bind these cells. This result suggests that C3 bound to C1q during complement activation and dissociation interferes with the ability of released C1q to access C1q receptors and ligands, particularly receptors for the globular head domains. These underlying mechanisms that regulate the interaction of C1q with its ligands reveal a novel function for complement activation during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garren Hester
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Michael M Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Kumar V. The complement system, toll-like receptors and inflammasomes in host defense: three musketeers’ one target. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:131-156. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children’s Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Tian ZH, Yuan C, Yang K, Gao XL. Systematic identification of key genes and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma on bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31019939 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of adult renal neoplasm and has a poor prognosis owing to a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore and identify the key genes and signaling pathways in ccRCC. Methods The GSE36895 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened using software packages in R. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed with Cytoscape software, and submodules were subsequently analyzed using the MCODE plug-in. Results Twenty-nine ccRCC samples and 23 normal samples were incorporated into this study, and a total of 468 DEGs were filtered, consisting of 180 upregulated genes and 288 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response, response to wounding, inflammatory response, and response to hypoxia, whereas downregulated genes were mainly enriched in ion transport, anion transport, and monovalent inorganic cation transport biological processes (BPs). According to Molecular Complex Detection analysis in PPI, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF had higher degrees of connectivity and could participate in the majority of important pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the chemokine signaling pathway, and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Conclusions Our study suggests that C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF may play key roles in the progression of ccRCC, which will be useful for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Tian
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Liang Gao
- Department of Lung Disease and Diabetes, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Prefecture Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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14
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Complement links platelets to innate immunity. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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El-Shamy A, Branch AD, Schiano TD, Gorevic PD. The Complement System and C1q in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1001. [PMID: 29910796 PMCID: PMC5992393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system bridges innate and adaptive immunity against microbial infections, with viral infection being a major trigger. Activation of the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways have been reported in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and/or cryoglobulinemia. HCV infection leads to dysregulation of complement-mediated immune responses. Clinical and experimental evidence support involvement of complement in intra- and extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection, such as liver fibrosis and type II cryoglobulinemia. In this review, we summarize studies that have investigated the interplay between HCV and the complement system to establish chronic infection and autoimmunity, as well as the association between HCV pathogenesis and abnormal complement profiles. Several unanswered questions are highlighted which suggest additional informative lines of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Shamy
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Andrea D Branch
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- Division of Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter D Gorevic
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Jacquet M, Cioci G, Fouet G, Bally I, Thielens NM, Gaboriaud C, Rossi V. C1q and Mannose-Binding Lectin Interact with CR1 in the Same Region on CCP24-25 Modules. Front Immunol 2018; 9:453. [PMID: 29563915 PMCID: PMC5845983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement receptor type 1 (CR1) is a multi modular membrane receptor composed of 30 homologous complement control protein modules (CCP) organized in four different functional regions called long homologous repeats (LHR A, B, C, and D). CR1 is a receptor for complement-opsonins C3b and C4b and specifically interacts through pairs of CCP modules located in LHR A, B, and C. Defense collagens such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-2, and C1q also act as opsonins and are involved in immune clearance through binding to the LHR-D region of CR1. Our previous results using deletion variants of CR1 mapped the interaction site for MBL and ficolin-2 on CCP24-25. The present work aimed at deciphering the interaction of C1q with CR1 using new CR1 variants concentrated around CCP24-25. CR1 bimodular fragment CCP24-25 and CR1 CCP22-30 deleted from CCP24-25 produced in eukaryotic cells enabled to highlight that the interaction site for both MBL and C1q is located on the same pair of modules CCP24-25. C1q binding to CR1 shares with MBL a main common interaction site on the collagen stalks but also subsidiary sites most probably located on C1q globular heads, contrarily to MBL.
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17
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Zhao L, Shao S, Chen Y, Sun X, Sun R, Huang J, Zhan B, Zhu X. Trichinella spiralis Calreticulin Binds Human Complement C1q As an Immune Evasion Strategy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:636. [PMID: 28620388 PMCID: PMC5449505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multicellular parasitic nematode, Trichinella spiralis regulates host immune responses by producing a variety of immunomodulatory molecules to escape from host immune attack, but the mechanisms underlying the immune evasion are not well understood. Here, we identified that T. spiralis calreticulin (Ts-CRT), a Ca2+-binding protein, facilitated T. spiralis immune evasion by interacting with the first component of human classical complement pathway, C1q. In the present study, Ts-CRT was found to be expressed on the surface of different developmental stages of T. spiralis as well as in the secreted products of adult and muscle larval worms. Functional analysis identified that Ts-CRT was able to bind to human C1q, resulting in the inhibition of C1q-initiated complement classical activation pathway reflected by reduced C4/C3 generation and C1q-dependent lysis of antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Moreover, recombinant Ts-CRT (rTs-CRT) binding to C1q suppressed C1q-induced THP-1-derived macrophages chemotaxis and reduced monocyte–macrophages release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Blocking Ts-CRT on the surface of newborn larvae (NBL) of T. spiralis with anti-Ts-CRT antibody increased the C1q-mediated adherence of monocyte–macrophages to larvae and impaired larval infectivity. All of these results suggest that T. spiralis-expressed Ts-CRT plays crucial roles in T. spiralis immune evasion and survival in host mostly by directly binding to host complement C1q, which not only reduces C1q-mediated activation of classical complement pathway but also inhibits the C1q-induced non-complement activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Ferluga J, Kouser L, Murugaiah V, Sim RB, Kishore U. Potential influences of complement factor H in autoimmune inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:84-106. [PMID: 28216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement system homeostasis is important for host self-protection and anti-microbial immune surveillance, and recent research indicates roles in tissue development and remodelling. Complement also appears to have several points of interaction with the blood coagulation system. Deficiency and altered function due to gene mutations and polymorphisms in complement effectors and regulators, including Factor H, have been associated with familial and sporadic autoimmune inflammatory - thrombotic disorders, in which autoantibodies play a part. These include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, anti-phospholipid syndrome and age-related macular degeneration. Such diseases are generally complex - multigenic and heterogeneous in their symptoms and predisposition/susceptibility. They usually need to be triggered by vascular trauma, drugs or infection and non-complement genetic factors also play a part. Underlying events seem to include decline in peripheral regulatory T cells, dendritic cell, and B cell tolerance, associated with alterations in lymphoid organ microenvironment. Factor H is an abundant protein, synthesised in many cell types, and its reported binding to many different ligands, even if not of high affinity, may influence a large number of molecular interactions, together with the accepted role of Factor H within the complement system. Factor H is involved in mesenchymal stem cell mediated tolerance and also contributes to self-tolerance by augmenting iC3b production and opsonisation of apoptotic cells for their silent dendritic cell engulfment via complement receptor CR3, which mediates anti-inflammatory-tolerogenic effects in the apoptotic cell context. There may be co-operation with other phagocytic receptors, such as complement C1q receptors, and the Tim glycoprotein family, which specifically bind phosphatidylserine expressed on the apoptotic cell surface. Factor H is able to discriminate between self and nonself surfaces for self-protection and anti-microbe defence. Factor H, particularly as an abundant platelet protein, may also modulate blood coagulation, having an anti-thrombotic role. Here, we review a number of interaction pathways in coagulation and in immunity, together with associated diseases, and indicate where Factor H may be expected to exert an influence, based on reports of the diversity of ligands for Factor H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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19
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Xavier S, Sahu RK, Landes SG, Yu J, Taylor RP, Ayyadevara S, Megyesi J, Stallcup WB, Duffield JS, Reis ES, Lambris JD, Portilla D. Pericytes and immune cells contribute to complement activation in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F516-F532. [PMID: 28052876 PMCID: PMC5374314 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00604.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the pathogenic role of increased complement expression and activation during kidney fibrosis. Here, we show that PDGFRβ-positive pericytes isolated from mice subjected to obstructive or folic acid injury secrete C1q. This was associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix components, collagens, and increased Wnt3a-mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which are hallmarks of myofibroblast activation. Real-time PCR, immunoblots, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry analysis performed in whole kidney tissue confirmed increased expression of C1q, C1r, and C1s as well as complement activation, which is measured as increased synthesis of C3 fragments predominantly in the interstitial compartment. Flow studies localized increased C1q expression to PDGFRβ-positive pericytes as well as to CD45-positive cells. Although deletion of C1qA did not prevent kidney fibrosis, global deletion of C3 reduced macrophage infiltration, reduced synthesis of C3 fragments, and reduced fibrosis. Clodronate mediated depletion of CD11bF4/80 high macrophages in UUO mice also reduced complement gene expression and reduced fibrosis. Our studies demonstrate local synthesis of complement by both PDGFRβ-positive pericytes and CD45-positive cells in kidney fibrosis. Inhibition of complement activation represents a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Xavier
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ranjit K Sahu
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Susan G Landes
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Judit Megyesi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - William B Stallcup
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Tumor Metastasis and Cancer Immunology Program, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Didier Portilla
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; .,Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia
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20
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Zhou Z, Ding M, Huang L, Gilkeson G, Lang R, Jiang W. Toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses in intestinal macrophages; implications for mucosal immunity and autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:81-86. [PMID: 27620642 PMCID: PMC5148676 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are precursors of macrophages and key players during inflammation and pathogen challenge in the periphery, whereas intestinal resident macrophages act as innate effector cells to engulf and clear bacteria, secrete cytokines, and maintain intestinal immunity and homeostasis. However, perturbation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway in intestinal macrophages has been associated with tolerance breakdown in autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we have summarized and discussed the role of toll-like receptor signals in human intestinal macrophages, and the role of human intestinal macrophages in keeping human intestinal immunity, homeostasis, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
| | - Miao Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- The 302 Hospital of PLA, Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, SC, USA
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10020, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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21
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C1q as an autocrine and paracrine regulator of cellular functions. Mol Immunol 2016; 84:26-33. [PMID: 27914690 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most of the complement proteins in circulation are, by and large, synthesized in the liver. However data accumulated over the past several decades provide incontrovertible evidence that some if not most of the individual complement proteins are also synthesized extrahepatically by activated as well as non-activated cells. The question that is finally being addressed by various investigators is: are the locally synthesized proteins solely responsible for the myriad of biological functions in situ without the contribution of systemic complement? The answer is probably "yes". Among the proteins that are synthesized locally, C1q takes center stage for several reasons. First, it is synthesized predominantly by potent antigen presenting cells such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which by itself is a clue that it plays an important role in antigen presentation and/or DC maturation. Second, it is transiently anchored on the cell surface via a transmembrane domain located in its A chain before it is cleaved off and released into the pericellular milieu. The membrane-associated C1q in turn, is able to sense danger patterns via its versatile antigen-capturing globular head domains. More importantly, locally synthesized C1q has been shown to induce a plethora of biological functions through the induction of immunomodulatory molecules by an autocrine- or paracrine- mediated signaling in a manner that mimics those of TNFα. These include recognition of pathogen- and danger- associated molecular patterns, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and induction of cytokines or chemokines that are important in modulating the inflammatory response. The functional convergence between C1q and TNFα in turn is attributed to their shared genetic ancestry. In this paper, we will infer to the aforementioned "local-synthesis-for-local function" paradigm using as an example, the role played by locally synthesized C1q in autoimmunity in general and in systemic lupus erythematosus in particular.
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22
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Complimentary action: C1q increases ganglion cell survival in an in vitro model of retinal degeneration. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 298:117-29. [PMID: 27609284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using a previously described retinal explant culture system as an acute injury model, we here explore the role of C1q, the initiator of the classical complement pathway, in neuronal cell survival and retinal homeostasis. Full-thickness adult rat retinal explants were divided into four groups, receiving the following supplementation: C1q (50nM), C1-inhibitor (C1-inh; Berinert; 500mg/l), C1q+C1-inh, and no supplementation (culture controls). Explants were kept for 12h or 2days after which they were examined morphologically and with a panel of immunohistochemical markers. C1q supplementation protects ganglion cells from degeneration within the explant in vitro system. This effect is correlated to an attenuated endogenous production of C1q, and a quiesced gliotic response.
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23
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Meri S. Self-nonself discrimination by the complement system. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2418-34. [PMID: 27393384 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The alternative pathway (AP) of complement can recognize nonself structures by only two molecules, C3b and factor H. The AP deposits C3b covalently on nonself structures via an amplification system. The actual discrimination is performed by factor H, which has binding sites for polyanions (sialic acids, glycosaminoglycans, phospholipids). This robust recognition of 'self' protects our own intact viable cells and tissues, while activating structures are recognized by default. Foreign targets are opsonized for phagocytosis or killed. Mutations in factor H predispose to severe diseases. In hemolytic uremic syndrome, they promote complement attack against blood cells and vascular endothelial cells and lead, for example, to kidney and brain damage. Even pathogens can exploit factor H. In fact, the ability to bind factor H discriminates most pathogenic microbes from nonpathogenic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Meri
- Immunobiology, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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24
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Ricklin D, Reis ES, Lambris JD. Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:383-401. [PMID: 27211870 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the complement system is primarily perceived as a host defence system, a more versatile, yet potentially more harmful side of this innate immune pathway as an inflammatory mediator also exists. The activities that define the ability of the complement system to control microbial threats and eliminate cellular debris - such as sensing molecular danger patterns, generating immediate effectors, and extensively coordinating with other defence pathways - can quickly turn complement from a defence system to an aggressor that drives immune and inflammatory diseases. These host-offensive actions become more pronounced with age and are exacerbated by a variety of genetic factors and autoimmune responses. Complement can also be activated inappropriately, for example in response to biomaterials or transplants. A wealth of research over the past two decades has led to an increasingly finely tuned understanding of complement activation, identified tipping points between physiological and pathological behaviour, and revealed avenues for therapeutic intervention. This Review summarizes our current view of the key activating, regulatory, and effector mechanisms of the complement system, highlighting important crosstalk connections, and, with an emphasis on kidney disease and transplantation, discusses the involvement of complement in clinical conditions and promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Macedo ACL, Isaac L. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Deficiencies of Early Components of the Complement Classical Pathway. Front Immunol 2016; 7:55. [PMID: 26941740 PMCID: PMC4764694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in the innate and acquired immune response against pathogens. It consists of more than 30 proteins found in soluble form or attached to cell membranes. Most complement proteins circulate in inactive forms and can be sequentially activated by the classical, alternative, or lectin pathways. Biological functions, such as opsonization, removal of apoptotic cells, adjuvant function, activation of B lymphocytes, degranulation of mast cells and basophils, and solubilization and clearance of immune complex and cell lysis, are dependent on complement activation. Although the activation of the complement system is important to avoid infections, it also can contribute to the inflammatory response triggered by immune complex deposition in tissues in autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, the deficiency of early complement proteins from the classical pathway (CP) is strongly associated with development of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) - mainly C1q deficiency (93%) and C4 deficiency (75%). The aim of this review is to focus on the deficiencies of early components of the CP (C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, and C2) proteins in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Lunz Macedo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Isaac
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Binds Human Complement C1q and Inhibits Classical Complement Activation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004310. [PMID: 26720603 PMCID: PMC4697845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis expresses paramyosin (Ts-Pmy) as a defense mechanism. Ts-Pmy is a functional protein with binding activity to human complement C8 and C9 and thus plays a role in evading the attack of the host's immune system. In the present study, the binding activity of Ts-Pmy to human complement C1q and its ability to inhibit classical complement activation were investigated. METHODS AND FINDINGS The binding of recombinant and natural Ts-Pmy to human C1q were determined by ELISA, Far Western blotting and immunoprecipitation, respectively. Binding of recombinant Ts-Pmy (rTs-Pmy) to C1q inhibited C1q binding to IgM and consequently inhibited C3 deposition. The lysis of antibody-sensitized erythrocytes (EAs) elicited by the classical complement pathway was also inhibited in the presence of rTs-Pmy. In addition to inhibiting classical complement activation, rTs-Pmy also suppressed C1q binding to THP-1-derived macrophages, thereby reducing C1q-induced macrophages migration. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that T. spiralis paramyosin plays an important role in immune evasion by interfering with complement activation through binding to C1q in addition to C8 and C9.
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Kouser L, Madhukaran SP, Shastri A, Saraon A, Ferluga J, Al-Mozaini M, Kishore U. Emerging and Novel Functions of Complement Protein C1q. Front Immunol 2015; 6:317. [PMID: 26175731 PMCID: PMC4484229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement protein C1q, the recognition molecule of the classical pathway, performs a diverse range of complement and non-complement functions. It can bind various ligands derived from self, non-self, and altered self and modulate the functions of immune and non-immune cells including dendritic cells and microglia. C1q involvement in the clearance of apoptotic cells and subsequent B cell tolerance is more established now. Recent evidence appears to suggest that C1q plays an important role in pregnancy where its deficiency and dysregulation can have adverse effects, leading to preeclampsia, missed abortion, miscarriage or spontaneous loss, and various infections. C1q is also produced locally in the central nervous system, and has a protective role against pathogens and possible inflammatory functions while interacting with aggregated proteins leading to neurodegenerative diseases. C1q role in synaptic pruning, and thus CNS development, its anti-cancer effects as an immune surveillance molecule, and possibly in aging are currently areas of extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Kouser
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge , UK
| | - Shanmuga Priyaa Madhukaran
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge , UK ; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences , Secunderabad , India
| | - Abhishek Shastri
- St. Ann's Hospital, Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation Trust , Poole , UK
| | - Anuvinder Saraon
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge , UK
| | - Janez Ferluga
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge , UK
| | - Maha Al-Mozaini
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Uday Kishore
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London , Uxbridge , UK
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Scott D, Botto M. The paradoxical roles of C1q and C3 in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2015; 221:719-25. [PMID: 26001732 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review we will focus on the links between complement and autoimmune diseases and will highlight how animal models have provided insights into the manner by which C1q and C3 act to modulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. In particular we will highlight how C1q may not only act as initiator of the classical complement pathway, but can also mediate multiple immune responses in a complement activation independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Scott
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Piao C, Cai L, Qiu S, Jia L, Song W, Du J. Complement 5a Enhances Hepatic Metastases of Colon Cancer via Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1-mediated Inflammatory Cell Infiltration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10667-76. [PMID: 25739439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement 5a (C5a), a potent immune mediator generated by complement activation, promotes tumor growth; however, its role in tumor metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrate that C5a contributes to tumor metastases by modulating tumor inflammation in hepatic metastases of colon cancer. Colon cancer cell lines generate C5a under serum-free conditions, and C5a levels increase over time in a murine syngeneic colon cancer hepatic metastasis model. Furthermore, in the absence of C5a receptor or upon pharmacological inhibition of C5a production with an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, tumor metastasis is severely impaired. A lack of C5a receptor in colon cancer metastatic foci reduces the infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and the role for C5a receptor on these cells were further verified by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Moreover, C5a signaling increases the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the anti-inflammatory molecules arginase-1, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β, but is inversely correlated with the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, which suggests a mechanism for the role of C5a in the inflammatory microenvironment required for tumor metastasis. Our results indicate a new and potentially promising therapeutic application of complement C5a inhibitor for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Piao
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lun Cai
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Shulan Qiu
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Lixin Jia
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Wenchao Song
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and
| | - Jie Du
- From the Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029 and The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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