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Xing D, Jin Y, Jin B. A narrative review on inflammaging and late-onset hypogonadism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1291389. [PMID: 38298378 PMCID: PMC10827931 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1291389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy observed in recent years has resulted in a higher prevalence of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in older men. LOH is characterized by the decline in testosterone levels and can have significant impacts on physical and mental health. While the underlying causes of LOH are not fully understood, there is a growing interest in exploring the role of inflammaging in its development. Inflammaging is a concept that describes the chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation that occurs as a result of aging. This inflammatory state has been implicated in the development of various age-related diseases. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified as contributors to inflammaging, including immune senescence, cellular senescence, autophagy defects, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite the extensive research on inflammaging, its relationship with LOH has not yet been thoroughly reviewed in the literature. To address this gap, we aim to review the latest findings related to inflammaging and its impact on the development of LOH. Additionally, we will explore interventions that target inflammaging as potential treatments for LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xing
- Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihan Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baofang Jin
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Inácio MM, Moreira ALE, Cruz-Leite VRM, Mattos K, Silva LOS, Venturini J, Ruiz OH, Ribeiro-Dias F, Weber SS, Soares CMDA, Borges CL. Fungal Vaccine Development: State of the Art and Perspectives Using Immunoinformatics. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:633. [PMID: 37367569 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a serious global health problem, causing damage to health and the economy on the scale of millions. Although vaccines are the most effective therapeutic approach used to combat infectious agents, at the moment, no fungal vaccine has been approved for use in humans. However, the scientific community has been working hard to overcome this challenge. In this sense, we aim to describe here an update on the development of fungal vaccines and the progress of methodological and experimental immunotherapies against fungal infections. In addition, advances in immunoinformatic tools are described as an important aid by which to overcome the difficulty of achieving success in fungal vaccine development. In silico approaches are great options for the most important and difficult questions regarding the attainment of an efficient fungal vaccine. Here, we suggest how bioinformatic tools could contribute, considering the main challenges, to an effective fungal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Morais Inácio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, Brazil
- Estácio de Goiás University Center, Goiânia 74063-010, Brazil
| | - André Luís Elias Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Mattos
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Lana O'Hara Souza Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, Brazil
| | - James Venturini
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Orville Hernandez Ruiz
- MICROBA Research Group-Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit-CIB, School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Simone Schneider Weber
- Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, Brazil
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3
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Addison MM, Ellis GI, Leslie GJ, Zawadzky NB, Riley JL, Hoxie JA, Eisenlohr LC. HIV-1-Infected CD4 + T Cells Present MHC Class II-Restricted Epitope via Endogenous Processing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:864-873. [PMID: 36130133 PMCID: PMC9512365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells (TCD4+s) play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. Canonically, TCD4+s are activated by peptides derived from extracellular ("exogenous") Ags displayed in complex with MHC class II (MHC II) molecules on the surfaces of "professional" APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, activated human TCD4+s, which express MHC II, are not typically considered for their APC potential because of their low endocytic capacity and the exogenous Ag systems historically used for assessment. Using primary TCD4+s and monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors, we show that activated human TCD4+s are highly effective at MHC II-restricted presentation of an immunodominant HIV-1-derived epitope postinfection and subsequent noncanonical processing and presentation of endogenously produced Ag. Our results indicate that, in addition to marshalling HIV-1-specific immune responses during infection, TCD4+s also act as APCs, leading to the activation of HIV-1-specific TCD4+s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Addison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Gavin I. Ellis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - George J. Leslie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Noah B. Zawadzky
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Laurence C. Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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4
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Santambrogio L. Molecular Determinants Regulating the Plasticity of the MHC Class II Immunopeptidome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878271. [PMID: 35651601 PMCID: PMC9148998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, advancement in the analysis of the MHC class II (MHC-II) ligandome in several mouse and human haplotypes has increased our understanding of the molecular components that regulate the range and selection of the MHC-II presented peptides, from MHC class II molecule polymorphisms to the recognition of different conformers, functional differences in endosomal processing along the endocytic tract, and the interplay between the MHC class II chaperones DM and DO. The sum of all these variables contributes, qualitatively and quantitatively, to the composition of the MHC II ligandome, altogether ensuring that the immunopeptidome landscape is highly sensitive to any changes in the composition of the intra- and extracellular proteome for a comprehensive survey of the microenvironment for MHC II presentation to CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santambrogio
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Santambrogio,
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5
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Using de novo genome assembly and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the MHC region in a non-model bird, the Eurasian coot. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7031. [PMID: 35488050 PMCID: PMC9054815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) form a key component of vertebrate adaptive immunity, as they code for molecules which bind antigens of intra- and extracellular pathogens (MHC class I and II, respectively) and present them to T cell receptors. In general, MHC genes are hyper-polymorphic and high MHC diversity is often maintained within natural populations (via balancing selection) and within individuals (via gene duplications). Because of its complex architecture with tandems of duplicated genes, characterization of MHC region in non-model vertebrate species still poses a major challenge. Here, we combined de novo genome assembly and high-throughput sequencing to characterize MHC polymorphism in a rallid bird species, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. An analysis of genome assembly indicated high duplication rate at MHC-I, which was also supported by targeted sequencing of peptide-binding exons (at least five MHC-I loci genotyped). We found high allelic richness at both MHC-I and MHC-II, although signature of diversifying selection and recombination (gene conversion) was much stronger at MHC-II. Our results indicate that Eurasian coot retains extraordinary polymorphism at both MHC classes (when compared to other non-passerine bird species), although they may be subject to different evolutionary mechanism.
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6
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Zada S, Hwang JS, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Pham TM, Elashkar O, Kim DR. Cross talk between autophagy and oncogenic signaling pathways and implications for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188565. [PMID: 33992723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic process involved in the degradation of intracellular components including proteins and organelles. Consequently, it plays a critical role in recycling metabolic energy for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to various stressors. In cancer, autophagy either suppresses or promotes cancer progression depending on the stage and cancer type. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis are directly mediated by oncogenic signal proteins including SNAI1, SLUG, ZEB1/2, and NOTCH1, which are functionally correlated with autophagy. In this report, we discuss the crosstalk between oncogenic signaling pathways and autophagy followed by possible strategies for cancer treatment via regulation of autophagy. Although autophagy affects EMT and cancer metastasis, the overall signaling pathways connecting cancer progression and autophagy are still illusive. In general, autophagy plays a critical role in cancer cell survival by providing a minimum level of energy via self-digestion. Thus, cancer cells face nutrient limitations and challenges under stress during EMT and metastasis. Conversely, autophagy acts as a potential cancer suppressor by degrading oncogenic proteins, which are essential for cancer progression, and by removing damaged components such as mitochondria to enhance genomic stability. Therefore, autophagy activators or inhibitors represent possible cancer therapeutics. We further discuss the regulation of autophagy-dependent degradation of oncogenic proteins and its functional correlation with oncogenic signaling pathways, with potential applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib Zada
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Deng J, Lu C, Liu C, Oveissi S, Fairlie WD, Lee EF, Bilsel P, Puthalakath H, Chen W. Influenza A virus infection-induced macroautophagy facilitates MHC class II-restricted endogenous presentation of an immunodominant viral epitope. FEBS J 2020; 288:3164-3185. [PMID: 33830641 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells recognize peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II). These peptides are generally derived from exogenous antigens. Macroautophagy has been reported to promote endogenous antigen presentation in viral infections. However, whether influenza A virus (IAV) infection-induced macroautophagy also leads to endogenous antigen presentation through MHC-II is still debated. In this study, we show that IAV infection leads to endogenous presentation of an immunodominant viral epitope NP311-325 by MHC-II to CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, such MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation requires de novo protein synthesis as it is inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and a functional ER-Golgi network as it is totally blocked by Brefeldin A. These results indicate that MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation is dependent on de novo antigen and/or MHC-II synthesis, and transportation through the ER-Golgi network. Furthermore, such endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II is enhanced by TAP deficiency, indicating some antigenic peptides are of cytosolic origin. Most importantly, the bulk of such MHC-II-restricted endogenous IAV antigen presentation is blocked by autophagy inhibitors (3-MA and E64d) and deletion of autophagy-related genes, such as Beclin1 and Atg7. We have further demonstrated that in dendritic cells, IAV infection prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion and promotes autophagosome fusion with MHC class II compartment (MIIC), which likely promotes endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II. Our results provide strong evidence that IAV infection-induced autophagosome formation facilitates endogenous IAV antigen presentation by MHC-II to CD4+ T cells. The implication for influenza vaccine design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Chunni Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Vic., Australia
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Sara Oveissi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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8
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Koustas E, Sarantis P, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. The Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E666. [PMID: 32344837 PMCID: PMC7277892 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has already shown some remarkable results, having changed the treatment strategy in clinical practice for solid tumors. Despite these promising long-term responses, patients seem to lack the ability to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus demonstrating a primary resistance to immunotherapy. Moreover, a significant number of patients who initially respond to treatment eventually acquire resistance to immunotherapy. Both resistance mechanisms are a result of a complex interaction among different molecules, pathways, and cellular processes. Several resistance mechanisms, such as tumor microenvironment modification, autophagy, genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor mutational burden, neo-antigens, and modulation of gut microbiota have already been identified, while more continue to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss the latest milestones in the field of immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms against this type of therapy as well as putative therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.S.); (A.G.P.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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9
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Autophagy in endothelial cells regulates their haematopoiesis-supporting ability. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102677. [PMID: 32114389 PMCID: PMC7047195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) function as an instructive platform to support haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Our recent studies found that impaired bone marrow (BM) ECs are responsible for the defective haematopoiesis in patients with poor graft function (PGF), which is characterised by pancytopenia post-allotransplant. Although activated autophagy was reported to benefit ECs, whether EC autophagy plays a critical role in supporting HSCs and its effect on PGF patients post-allotransplant remain unclear. Methods To evaluate whether the autophagy status of ECs modulates their ability to support haematopoiesis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary BM ECs derived from healthy donors were subjected to knockdown or overexpression of Beclin-1 (an autophagy-related protein). Moreover, BM ECs derived from PGF patients were studied. Findings Beclin-1 knockdown significantly reduced the haematopoiesis-supporting ability of ECs by suppressing autophagy, which could be restored by activating autophagy via Beclin-1 upregulation. Moreover, autophagy positively regulated haematopoiesis-related genes in HUVECs. Subsequently, a prospective case-control study demonstrated that defective autophagy reduced Beclin-1 expression and the colony-forming unit (CFU) plating efficiency in BM ECs from PGF patients compared to matched patients with good graft function. Rapamycin, an autophagy activator, quantitatively and functionally improved BM ECs from PGF patients in vitro and enhanced their ability to support HSCs by activating the Beclin-1 pathway. Interpretation Our results suggest that the autophagy status of ECs modulates their ability to support haematopoiesis by regulating the Beclin-1 pathway. Defective autophagy in BM ECs may be involved in the pathogenesis of PGF post-allotransplant. Rapamycin provides a promising therapeutic approach for PGF patients. Funding Please see funding sources.
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10
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Koustas E, Sarantis P, Kyriakopoulou G, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. The Interplay of Autophagy and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer-Ways of Enhancing Immunotherapy Action. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040533. [PMID: 31013961 PMCID: PMC6520891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy as a primary homeostatic and catabolic process is responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and cellular components. The mechanism of autophagy has a crucial role in several cellular functions and its dysregulation is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor–stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is also a key regulator of the tumor microenvironment and cellular immune response in different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, autophagy is responsible for initiating the immune response especially when it precedes cell death. However, the role of autophagy in CRC and the tumor microenvironment remains controversial. In this review, we identify the role of autophagy in tumor microenvironment regulation and the specific mechanism by which autophagy is implicated in immune responses during CRC tumorigenesis and the context of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgia Kyriakopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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11
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Sant AJ. Overview of T-Cell Recognition. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Luo XY, Yuan JL, Liu J, Luo CN, Yang MH, Wei Q, Yang M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Yuan GH. Increased Macroautophagy in Interferon-Gamma-Producing T Cells from Patients with Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1527-1532. [PMID: 29941705 PMCID: PMC6032673 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalance of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 producing by T cells is confirmed to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy is now emerging as a core player in the development and the function of the immune system. Therefore, we investigated the autophagic behavior in IFN-γ-, IL-4-, and IL-17-producing T cells from patients with SLE. Methods Thirty patients with SLE and 25 healthy controls matched for gender and age were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017. The autophagic levels in IFN-γ+ T cells, IL-4+ T cells, and IL-17+ T cells from patients with newly diagnosed SLE and healthy controls were measured using flow cytometry. The plasma levels of IFN-γ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in SLE patients and healthy controls. Unpaired t-tests and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare data from patients with SLE and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied for calculation of the correlation between parallel variables in single samples. Results Our results showed increased percentage of autophagy in IFN-γ+ T cells from patients with SLE and healthy controls ([8.07 ± 2.72]% vs. [3.76 ± 1.67]%, t = 5.184, P < 0.001), but not in IL-4+ T cells or IL-17+ T cells (P > 0.05) as compared to healthy donors. Moreover, the plasma levels of IFN-γ in SLE patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls ([68.9 ± 29.1] pg/ml vs. [24.7 ± 17.6] pg/ml, t = 5.430, P < 0.001). Moreover, in SLE patients, the percentage of autophagy in IFN-γ+ T cells was positively correlated with the plasma levels of IFN-γ (r = 0.344, P = 0.046), as well as the disease activity of patients with SLE (r = 0.379, P = 0.039). Conclusion The results indicate that autophagy in IFN-γ+ T cells from SLE patients is activated, which might contribute to the persistence of T cells producing IFN-γ, such as Th1 cells, and consequently result in the high plasma levels of IFN-γ, and then enhance the disease activity of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Yan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Jian Yang City, Chengdu, Sichuan 641400, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 63700, China
| | - Cai-Nan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 63700, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Jian Yang City, Chengdu, Sichuan 641400, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guo-Hua Yuan
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 63700, China
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13
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Impaired intracellular pathogen clearance and inflammatory joint disease: Is Whipple's disease a guiding light? Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:531-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Agod Z, Pazmandi K, Bencze D, Vereb G, Biro T, Szabo A, Rajnavolgyi E, Bacsi A, Engel P, Lanyi A. Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule Family 5 Enhances Autophagy and Fine-Tunes Cytokine Response in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells via Stabilization of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8. Front Immunol 2018; 9:62. [PMID: 29434592 PMCID: PMC5790988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family (SLAMF) receptors are essential regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses. The function of SLAMF5/CD84, a family member with almost ubiquitous expression within the hematopoietic lineage is poorly defined. In this article, we provide evidence that in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) SLAMF5 increases autophagy, a degradative pathway, which is highly active in dendritic cells (DCs) and plays a critical role in orchestration of the immune response. While investigating the underlying mechanism, we found that SLAMF5 inhibited proteolytic degradation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) a master regulator of the autophagy process by a mechanism dependent on the E3-ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21). Furthermore, we demonstrate that SLAMF5 influences the ratio of CD1a+ cells in differentiating DCs and partakes in the regulation of IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-12 production in LPS/IFNγ-activated moDCs in a manner that is consistent with its effect on IRF8 stability. In summary, our experiments identified SLAMF5 as a novel cell surface receptor modulator of autophagy and revealed an unexpected link between the SLAMF and IRF8 signaling pathways, both implicated in multiple human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Agod
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pazmandi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dora Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Biro
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pablo Engel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Evolving Insights for MHC Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Sachdev U, Lotze MT. Perpetual change: autophagy, the endothelium, and response to vascular injury. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:221-235. [PMID: 28626046 PMCID: PMC6608075 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru1116-484rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies of vascular health, aging, and autophagy emphasize how the endothelium adapts to stress and contributes to disease. The endothelium is far from an inert barrier to blood-borne cells, pathogens, and chemical signals; rather, it actively translates circulating mediators into tissue responses, changing rapidly in response to physiologic stressors. Macroautophagy-the cellular ingestion of effete organelles and protein aggregates to provide anabolic substrates to fuel bioenergetics in times of stress-plays an important role in endothelial cell homeostasis, vascular remodeling, and disease. These roles include regulating vascular tone, sustaining or limiting cell survival, and contributing to the development of atherosclerosis secondary to infection, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Autophagy modulates these critical functions of the endothelium in a dynamic and perpetual response to tissue and intravascular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulka Sachdev
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Yin Y, Sun G, Li E, Kiselyov K, Sun D. ER stress and impaired autophagy flux in neuronal degeneration and brain injury. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:3-14. [PMID: 27594375 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly controlled lysosome-mediated function in eukaryotic cells to eliminate damaged or aged long-lived proteins and organelles. It is required for restoring cellular homeostasis in cell survival under multiple stresses. Autophagy is known to be a double-edged sword because too much activation or inhibition of autophagy can disrupt homeostatic degradation of protein and organelles within the brain and play a role in neuronal cell death. Many factors affect autophagy flux function in the brain, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and aging. Newly emerged research indicates that altered autophagy flux functionality is involved in neurodegeneration of the aged brain, chronic neurological diseases, and after traumatic and ischemic brain injuries. In search to identify neuroprotective agents that may reduce oxidative stress and stimulate autophagy, one particular neuroprotective agent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) presents unique functions in reducing ER and oxidative stress and modulating autophagy. This review will summarize the recent findings on changes of autophagy in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injury after trauma or ischemic strokes. Discussion of DHA functions is focused on modulating ER stress and autophagy in regard to its neuroprotection and anti-tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - George Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Eric Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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18
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Liu X, Qin H, Xu J. The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:351-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Yang S, Imamura Y, Jenkins RW, Cañadas I, Kitajima S, Aref A, Brannon A, Oki E, Castoreno A, Zhu Z, Thai T, Reibel J, Qian Z, Ogino S, Wong KK, Baba H, Kimmelman AC, Pasca Di Magliano M, Barbie DA. Autophagy Inhibition Dysregulates TBK1 Signaling and Promotes Pancreatic Inflammation. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:520-30. [PMID: 27068336 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy promotes tumor progression downstream of oncogenic KRAS, yet also restrains inflammation and dysplasia through mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized. Understanding the basis of this paradox has important implications for the optimal targeting of autophagy in cancer. Using a mouse model of cerulein-induced pancreatitis, we found that loss of autophagy by deletion of Atg5 enhanced activation of the IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinase TBK1 in vivo, associated with increased neutrophil and T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 upregulation. Consistent with this observation, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, including suppression of the autophagy receptors NDP52 or p62, prolonged TBK1 activation and increased expression of CCL5, IL6, and several other T-cell and neutrophil chemotactic cytokines in vitro Defective autophagy also promoted PD-L1 upregulation, which is particularly pronounced downstream of IFNγ signaling and involves JAK pathway activation. Treatment with the TBK1/IKKε/JAK inhibitor CYT387 (also known as momelotinib) not only inhibits autophagy, but also suppresses this feedback inflammation and reduces PD-L1 expression, limiting KRAS-driven pancreatic dysplasia. These findings could contribute to the dual role of autophagy in oncogenesis and have important consequences for its therapeutic targeting. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 520-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amir Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur Brannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Adam Castoreno
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zehua Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tran Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Reibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhirong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok K Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Pasca Di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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