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Choi J, Schmerk CL, Mele TS, Rudak PT, Wardell CM, Deng G, Pavri FR, Kim K, Cepinskas G, He W, Haeryfar SM. Longitudinal analysis of mucosa-associated invariant T cells in sepsis reveals their early numerical decline with prognostic implications and a progressive loss of antimicrobial functions. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:249-261. [PMID: 36604951 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-elicited immunosuppression elevates the risk of secondary infections. We used a clinically relevant mouse model and serial peripheral blood samples from patients to assess the antimicrobial activities of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in sepsis. Hepatic and splenic MAIT cells from B6-MAITCAST mice displayed increased CD69 expression and a robust interferon-γ (IFNγ) production capacity shortly after sublethal cecal ligation and puncture, but not at a late timepoint. Peripheral blood MAIT cell frequencies were reduced in septic patients at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and more dramatically so among nonsurvivors, suggesting the predictive usefulness of early MAIT cell enumeration. In addition, at ICU admission, MAIT cells from sepsis survivors launched stronger IFNγ responses to several bacterial species compared with those from patients who subsequently died of sepsis. Of note, while low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ monocyte frequencies, widely regarded as a surrogate indicator of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, were gradually corrected, the numerical insufficiency of MAIT cells was not resolved over time, and their CD69 expression continued to decline. MAIT cell responses to bacterial pathogens, a major histocompatibility complex-related protein 1 (MR1) ligand, and interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 were also progressively lost during sepsis and did not recover by the time of ICU/hospital discharge. We propose that MAIT cell dysfunctions contribute to post-sepsis immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Crystal L Schmerk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina S Mele
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M Wardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gansen Deng
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farzan R Pavri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyoungok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenqing He
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sm Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Improved MAIT cell functions following fecal microbiota transplantation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 72:1247-1260. [PMID: 36396738 PMCID: PMC9672546 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to modify the gut microbiome in cancer patients using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have gained momentum as a therapeutic intervention. However, how FMT impacts innate-like, antimicrobial T lymphocytes is unclear. In this study, we assessed peripheral blood (PB) mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell frequencies and functions in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) before and seven days after they received FMT as part of a clinical trial. We found comparable MAIT cell frequencies in healthy controls and mRCC patients. In contrast, γδ T cells exhibited a numerical decline in mRCC, which was partially reversed by FMT. We also found a significant increase in the PB CD4+ MAIT cell compartment of mRCC patients with or without FMT. Paired sample analyses revealed CD69 upregulation on MAIT cells accompanied by decreased PD-1 levels post-FMT. These changes were unique to MAIT cells as non-MAIT T lymphocytes showed either no trend or a trend in the opposite direction. Importantly, FMT did not render MAIT cells exhausted as also judged by their stable expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, BTLA, CTLA-4, TIGIT and VISTA. These findings were corroborated in functional assays in which MAIT cells were stimulated with MR1 ligands or with a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 to produce inflammatory cytokines and granzyme B. Indeed, when stimulated ex vivo with IL-12 and IL-18, MAIT cells mounted a more rigorous TNF-α response post-FMT. In conclusion, FMT improves MAIT cell functions, which should serve patients well in subsequent microbial challenges in the face of cancer-elicited immunosuppression. Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Identifier: NCT04163289 (registration date: November 14, 2019).
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Rudak PT, Choi J, Parkins KM, Summers KL, Jackson DN, Foster PJ, Skaro AI, Leslie K, McAlister VC, Kuchroo VK, Inoue W, Lantz O, Haeryfar SMM. Chronic stress physically spares but functionally impairs innate-like invariant T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108979. [PMID: 33852855 PMCID: PMC8112805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of psychological stress on mainstream T lymphocytes are well documented. However, how stress impacts innate-like T cells is unclear. We report that long-term stress surprisingly abrogates both T helper 1 (TH1)- and TH2-type responses orchestrated by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. This is not due to iNKT cell death because these cells are unusually refractory to stress-inflicted apoptosis. Activated iNKT cells in stressed mice exhibit a “split” inflammatory signature and trigger sudden serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-23, and IL-27 spikes. iNKT cell dysregulation is mediated by cell-autonomous glucocorticoid receptor signaling and corrected upon habituation to predictable stressors. Importantly, under stress, iNKT cells fail to potentiate cytotoxicity against lymphoma or to reduce the burden of metastatic melanoma. Finally, stress physically spares mouse mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells but hinders their TH1-/TH2-type responses. The above findings are corroborated in human peripheral blood and hepatic iNKT/MAIT cell cultures. Our work uncovers a mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression. Invariant T cells are emergency responders to infection and cancer. Rudak et al. report that psychological stress unusually spares these innate-like T lymphocytes but alters or impairs their cytokine production and cytotoxic and/or antimetastatic capacities through a cell-autonomous, glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanism. This may explain certain aspects of stress-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Katie M Parkins
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Anton I Skaro
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Ken Leslie
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Vivian C McAlister
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie and INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada.
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Rudak PT, Haeryfar SMM. In Vivo Cytotoxicity by α-GalCer-transactivated NK Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2388:157-174. [PMID: 34524671 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1775-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes known for their potent immunomodulatory properties. In addition to expressing and utilizing cytolytic effector molecules of their own against certain target cells, iNKT cells can be stimulated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to augment the cytotoxic capacity of natural killer (NK) cells. Herein, we describe a flow cytometry-based in vivo killing assay that enables examination of α-GalCer-promoted cytotoxicity against β2 microglobulin knockout (β2M-/-) target cells, which mimic tumor and virus-infected cells displaying little to no MHC class I molecules on their surface. Using an anti-asialo GM1 antibody, which depletes NK cells but not iNKT cells, we confirmed that the increased clearance of β2M-/- cells in α-GalCer-primed recipients was mediated by NK cells. The protocol detailed here can be leveraged to assess the functional fitness of iNKT cells and their crosstalk with NK cells and to further our understanding of α-GalCer-promoted cytotoxicity in preclinical immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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Haeryfar SMM. On invariant T cells and measles: A theory of "innate immune amnesia". PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009071. [PMID: 33332470 PMCID: PMC7745983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rudak PT, Gangireddy R, Choi J, Burhan AM, Summers KL, Jackson DN, Inoue W, Haeryfar SMM. Stress-elicited glucocorticoid receptor signaling upregulates TIGIT in innate-like invariant T lymphocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:793-804. [PMID: 31108170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to impede certain host defense mechanisms, including those governed by conventional T lymphocytes. However, whether innate-like T lymphocytes, such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, are impacted by stress is unclear. Herein, we report that prolonged psychological stress caused by physical confinement results in robust upregulation of T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT), an immune checkpoint receptor that controls antitumor and antiviral immune responses. Elevated TIGIT expression was found not only on NK and conventional T cells, but also on iNKT and MAIT cells. Stress-provoked TIGIT upregulation was reversed through treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486, but not with 6-hydroxydopamine that induces chemical sympathectomy. A Cre/Lox gene targeting model in which GR was ablated in cells expressing Lck under its proximal promoter revealed that TIGIT upregulation in stressed animals stems from direct GR signaling in T and iNKT cells. In fact, long-term oral administration of exogenous corticosterone (CS) to wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice was sufficient to increase TIGIT expression levels on T and iNKT cells. In vitro treatment with CS also potently and selectively upregulated TIGIT, but not CTLA-4 or LAG-3, on mouse iNKT and MAIT hybridomas. These results were recapitulated using primary hepatic iNKT and MAIT cells from wild-type B6 and B6.MAITCAST mice, respectively. Subjecting B6.MAITCAST mice to physical restraint also raised the frequency of TIGIT+ cells among hepatic MAIT cells in a GR-dependent manner. Finally, we found that TIGIT is similarly upregulated in a chronic variable stress model in which animals are exposed to unpredictable heterotypic stressors without developing habituation. Taken together, our findings link, for the first time to our knowledge, GR signaling to TIGIT expression. We propose that glucocorticoid hormones dampen immune responses, in part, by enhancing TIGIT expression across multiple critical subsets of effector lymphocytes, including innate-like T cells. Therefore, TIGIT may constitute an attractive target in immune-enhancing interventions for sustained physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakshith Gangireddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amer M Burhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Sztein MB. Is a Human CD8 T-Cell Vaccine Possible, and if So, What Would It Take? CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Protective Immunity and Vaccination against Enteric Bacteria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029546. [PMID: 29254983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although induction of CD8+ responses is widely accepted as critical in clearing viral infections and necessary for effective vaccines against viruses, much less is known regarding the role of these cells in bacterial and other infections, particularly those that enter the host via the gastrointestinal tract. In this commentary, I discuss the likelihood that CD8+ responses are also important in protection from intestinal Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the many factors that should be taken into consideration during the development of vaccines, based on eliciting long-term protection predominantly mediated by CD8+ responses against these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Rudak PT, Choi J, Haeryfar SMM. MAIT cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Roles in host defense and therapeutic potentials in infectious diseases and cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:473-486. [PMID: 29668066 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0118-023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes that sense the presence of MHC-related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted ligands and select inflammatory cues. Consequently, they release potent immunomodulatory mediators, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and/or IL-17. MAIT cells can also be viewed as killer cells. They display several NK cell-associated receptors, carry granules containing cytotoxic effector molecules, and swiftly upregulate perforin and granzymes upon activation. Accordingly, MAIT cells are capable of lysing MR1-expressing cells infected with a variety of pathogenic bacteria in in vitro settings and may also mount cytotoxic responses during microbial infections in vivo. Of note, MAIT cell hyperactivation during certain infections may impede their ability to elicit inflammatory and/or cytotoxic responses to secondary stimuli. In addition, MAIT cells isolated from within and from the margin of tumor masses exhibit diminished functions. We propose that MAIT cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be induced, bolstered, or restored to assist in clearing infections and potentially in reducing tumor loads. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of MAIT cells' lytic functions and highlight the pressing questions that need to be addressed in future investigations. We also offer a picture, however hypothetical at this point, of how harnessing the full cytotoxic potentials of MAIT cells may be a valuable approach in the immunotherapy of infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Shaler CR, Choi J, Rudak PT, Memarnejadian A, Szabo PA, Tun-Abraham ME, Rossjohn J, Corbett AJ, McCluskey J, McCormick JK, Lantz O, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Haeryfar SM. MAIT cells launch a rapid, robust and distinct hyperinflammatory response to bacterial superantigens and quickly acquire an anergic phenotype that impedes their cognate antimicrobial function: Defining a novel mechanism of superantigen-induced immunopathology and immunosuppression. PLoS Biol 2017. [PMID: 28632753 PMCID: PMC5478099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are potent exotoxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. They target a large fraction of T cell pools to set in motion a "cytokine storm" with severe and sometimes life-threatening consequences typically encountered in toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Given the rapidity with which TSS develops, designing timely and truly targeted therapies for this syndrome requires identification of key mediators of the cytokine storm's initial wave. Equally important, early host responses to SAgs can be accompanied or followed by a state of immunosuppression, which in turn jeopardizes the host's ability to combat and clear infections. Unlike in mouse models, the mechanisms underlying SAg-associated immunosuppression in humans are ill-defined. In this work, we have identified a population of innate-like T cells, called mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, as the most powerful source of pro-inflammatory cytokines after exposure to SAgs. We have utilized primary human peripheral blood and hepatic mononuclear cells, mouse MAIT hybridoma lines, HLA-DR4-transgenic mice, MAIThighHLA-DR4+ bone marrow chimeras, and humanized NOD-scid IL-2Rγnull mice to demonstrate for the first time that: i) mouse and human MAIT cells are hyperresponsive to SAgs, typified by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB); ii) the human MAIT cell response to SEB is rapid and far greater in magnitude than that launched by unfractionated conventional T, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) or γδ T cells, and is characterized by production of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2, but not IL-17A; iii) high-affinity MHC class II interaction with SAgs, but not MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) participation, is required for MAIT cell activation; iv) MAIT cell responses to SEB can occur in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner but are largely contributed by IL-12 and IL-18; v) as MAIT cells are primed by SAgs, they also begin to develop a molecular signature consistent with exhaustion and failure to participate in antimicrobial defense. Accordingly, they upregulate lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-3 (TIM-3), and/or programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and acquire an anergic phenotype that interferes with their cognate function against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli; vi) MAIT cell hyperactivation and anergy co-utilize a signaling pathway that is governed by p38 and MEK1/2. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a pathogenic, rather than protective, role for MAIT cells during infection. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism of SAg-associated immunosuppression in humans. MAIT cells may therefore provide an attractive therapeutic target for the management of both early and late phases of severe SAg-mediated illnesses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial/toxicity
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Anergy/drug effects
- Crosses, Genetic
- Enterotoxins/metabolism
- Enterotoxins/toxicity
- Female
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Immunity, Innate
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/cytology
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/drug effects
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
- Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology
- Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism
- Superantigens/metabolism
- Superantigens/toxicity
- Transplantation Chimera/blood
- Transplantation Chimera/immunology
- Transplantation Chimera/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shaler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick T. Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Memarnejadian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A. Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mauro E. Tun-Abraham
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John K. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie and INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - S.M. Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Drees C, Vahl JC, Bortoluzzi S, Heger KD, Fischer JC, Wunderlich FT, Peschel C, Schmidt-Supprian M. Roquin Paralogs Differentially Regulate Functional NKT Cell Subsets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2747-2759. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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