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Yahyaee Z, Shahpari M, Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi SS, Shakoori M, Hashemi S, Sepahi AA, Faramarzi MA, Amin M. Cloning and expression of recombinant arazyme with anti-inflammatory and anti-breast cancer potential. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:319. [PMID: 38907853 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Arazyme is an extracellular metalloprotease which is secreted by a Gram-negative symbiotic bacterium called Serratia proteomaculans. There are limited studies on various biological activities of arazyme. This preliminary study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory capacities of recombinant arazyme (rAra) in vitro and in vivo. Arazyme gene, araA was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using pET-28a as a vector. Nickel column purification was used to obtain pure rAra. SDS-PAGE and protein assay were used to identify the product and to measure protein content, respectively. Skimmed milk test and casein assay were carried out to assess protease activity. MCF7 cells as a breast cancer cell model were exposed to different concentrations of rAra to study anti-breast cancer potentials using MTT assay. The anti-inflammatory property of rAra was investigated using a murine air-pouch model. PCR and SDS-PAGE data showed that cloning and expression of rAra was successful and the enzyme of interest was observed at 52 KDa. Protein assay indicated that 1 mg/ml of rAra was obtained through purification. A clear zone around the enzyme on skimmed milk agar confirmed the proteolytic activity of rAra and the enzymatic activity was 320 U/mg protein in the casein assay. Cytotoxic effects of rAra reported as IC50 were 16.2 µg/ml and 13.2 mg/ml after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In the air-pouch model, both the neutrophil count and myeloperoxidase activity, which are measures of inflammation, were significantly reduced. The results showed that rAra can be used in future mechanistic studies and R&D activities in the pharmaceutical industry to investigate the safety and efficacy of the recombinant arazyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yahyaee
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Shahpari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadeq Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shakoori
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Giunashvili N, Thomas JM, Schvarcz CA, Viana PHL, Aloss K, Bokhari SMZ, Koós Z, Bócsi D, Major E, Balogh A, Benyó Z, Hamar P. Enhancing therapeutic efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma: synergistic effects of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) with NSAIDs especially COX-2 inhibition in in vivo models. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1012-1030. [PMID: 38217262 PMCID: PMC10994232 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and lacks modern therapy options. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is an adjuvant therapy with demonstrated clinical efficacy for the treatment of various cancer types. In this study, we report that mEHT monotherapy stimulated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, and consequently cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which may favor a cancer-promoting tumor microenvironment. Thus, we combined mEHT with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a nonselective aspirin, or the selective COX-2 inhibitor SC236, in vivo. We demonstrate that NSAIDs synergistically increased the effect of mEHT in the 4T1 TNBC model. Moreover, the strongest tumor destruction ratio was observed in the combination SC236 + mEHT groups. Tumor damage was accompanied by a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3, suggesting that apoptosis played an important role. IL-1β and COX-2 expression were significantly reduced by the combination therapies. In addition, a custom-made nanostring panel demonstrated significant upregulation of genes participating in the formation of the extracellular matrix. Similarly, in the B16F10 melanoma model, mEHT and aspirin synergistically reduced the number of melanoma nodules in the lungs. In conclusion, mEHT combined with a selective COX-2 inhibitor may offer a new therapeutic option in TNBC.
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Grants
- STIA-OTKA-2022 Semmelweis Science and Innovation Fund
- OTKA_ANN 110810 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office
- OTKA_SNN 114619 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office
- ÚNKP-23-3-II-SE-45 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office
- ÚNKP-23-4-I-SE-22 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office
- OTKA_K 145998 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office
- Tempus Foundation
- EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009 Semmelweis Excellence 250+ Scholarship
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Giunashvili
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Csaba András Schvarcz
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | | | - Kenan Aloss
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Zoltán Koós
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Dániel Bócsi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Enikő Major
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
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Liu Z, Jing C, Kong F. From clinical management to personalized medicine: novel therapeutic approaches for ovarian clear cell cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:39. [PMID: 38347608 PMCID: PMC10860311 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear-cell cancer is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer with unique clinical and biological features. Despite optimal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy being the standard of care, most patients experience drug resistance and a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches have been developed, including immune checkpoint blockade, angiogenesis-targeted therapy, ARID1A synthetic lethal interactions, targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β, and ferroptosis. Refining predictive biomarkers can lead to more personalized medicine, identifying patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Collaboration between academic research groups is crucial for developing prognostic outcomes and conducting clinical trials to advance treatment for ovarian clear-cell cancer. Immediate progress is essential, and research efforts should prioritize the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to benefit all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunli Jing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fandou Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Chalkappa PKB, Aralihalli S, Sudileti M, Aithal SJ, Praveen BM, Birjadar K. The medicinal panorama of benzimidazoles and their scaffolds as anticancer and antithrombotic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300206. [PMID: 37440107 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds have become a prospective pharmacophore with therapeutic importance due to their biological similarities with natural and synthetic drugs. Among all nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, benzimidazoles and their derivatives are privileged molecules structurally akin to naturally available nucleotides, enabling them to intercommunicate with numerous biopolymers in biological systems. This reason enlightens modern researchers worldwide to assess their potential significance in the context of synthetic and biological chemistry. Therefore, it is crucial to merge the latest data with the prior documentation to apprehend the ongoing situation of the benzimidazole moiety in various therapeutic zones of research. The current work displays that the benzimidazole center is a versatile nucleus that offers the necessary data of synthetic alterations for pre-existing compounds to provide new scaffolds to resist numerous therapeutic sectors, including those associated with anticancer and antithrombosis. Due to the potential significance of benzimidazoles, this review aims to emphasize the latest innovations in synthesizing several other notable benzimidazole substrates and their significant pharmacological prospects for the future, including anticancer and antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakara Aralihalli
- Department of Chemistry, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Banglore, Karnataka, India
| | - Murali Sudileti
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Kedarnath Birjadar
- Department of Chemistry, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Bae G, Berezhnoy G, Koch A, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Kommoss S, Brucker S, Beziere N, Trautwein C. Stratification of ovarian cancer borderline from high-grade serous carcinoma patients by quantitative serum NMR spectroscopy of metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158330. [PMID: 37168255 PMCID: PMC10166069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional diagnosis is based on histology or clinical-stage classification which provides no information on tumor metabolism and inflammation, which, however, are both hallmarks of cancer and are directly associated with prognosis and severity. This project was an exploratory approach to profile metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammation parameters (glycoprotein A and glycoprotein B) of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) for identifying additional useful serum markers and stratifying ovarian cancer patients in the future. Methods: This project included 201 serum samples of which 50 were received from BOT and 151 from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), respectively. All the serum samples were validated and phenotyped by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with in vitro diagnostics research (IVDr) standard operating procedures generating quantitative data on 38 metabolites, 112 lipoprotein parameters, and 5 inflammation markers. Uni- and multivariate statistics were applied to identify NMR-based alterations. Moreover, biomarker analysis was carried out with all NMR parameters and CA-125. Results: Ketone bodies, glutamate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, glycerol, and phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in HGSOC, while the same tumors showed significantly lower levels of alanine and histidine. Furthermore, alanine and histidine and formic acid decreased and increased, respectively, over the clinical stages. Inflammatory markers glycoproteins A and B (GlycA and GlycB) increased significantly over the clinical stages and were higher in HGSOC, alongside significant changes in lipoproteins. Lipoprotein subfractions of VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs increased significantly in HGSOC and over the clinical stages, while total plasma apolipoprotein A1 and A2 and a subfraction of HDLs decreased significantly over the clinical stages. Additionally, LDL triglycerides significantly increased in advanced ovarian cancer. In biomarker analysis, glycoprotein inflammation biomarkers behaved in the same way as the established clinical biomarker CA-125. Moreover, CA-125/GlycA, CA-125/GlycB, and CA-125/Glycs are potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Last, the quantitative inflammatory parameters clearly displayed unique patterns of metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125 in BOT and HGSOC with clinical stages I-IV. Conclusion: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with commercial IVDr assays could detect and identify altered metabolites and lipoproteins relevant to EOC development and progression and show that inflammation (based on glycoproteins) increased along with malignancy. As inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, glycoproteins, thereof, are promising future serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of EOC. This was supported by the definition and stratification of three different inflammatory serum classes which characterize specific alternations in metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125, implicating that future diagnosis could be refined not only by diagnosed histology and/or clinical stages but also by glycoprotein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuntae Bae
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC 2124) “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Trautwein,
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Samarth N, Gulhane P, Singh S. Immunoregulatory framework and the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of NSCLC - A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1089320. [PMID: 36620544 PMCID: PMC9811680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1089320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With a 5-year survival rate of only 15%, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common kind of lung carcinoma and the cause of millions of deaths annually, has drawn attention. Numerous variables, such as disrupted signaling caused by somatic mutations in the EGFR-mediated RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT signaling cascade, supports tumour survival in one way or another. Here, the tumour microenvironment significantly contributes to the development of cancer by thwarting the immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression that can function as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. They have a major influence on the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC. Though, a myriad number of therapies are available and many are being clinically tested, still the drug resistance, its adverse effect and toxicity leading towards fatality cannot be ruled out. In this review, we tried to ascertain the missing links in between perturbed EGFR signaling, miRNAs favouring tumorigenesis and the autophagy mechanism. While connecting all the aforementioned points multiple associations were set, which can be targeted in order to combat NSCLC. Here, we tried illuminating designing synthetically engineered circuits with the toggle switches that might lay a prototype for better therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Carvacrol on N-Methyl-N′-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142848. [PMID: 35889805 PMCID: PMC9323991 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a dietary polyphenol from Lamiaceae plants that has been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and antitumor effects. This study aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Forty-nine rats were randomly assigned to four treatment and three control groups. Over 60 days, MNNG (200 mg/kg BW) was orally applied to animals of groups 1–5 while the rats in groups 2–5 also received different doses of carvacrol (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively) until the end of the experiment. Group 6 rats were treated with 100 mg/kg BW carvacrol and no MNNG whereas group 7 was the control group without any treatment. After the euthanasia of all rats, the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the blood and tissues. The expression of caspase 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins in the stomach tissues were investigated through histopathological examinations. Statistically significant differences were observed in the body weight, oxidative stress, and inflammation parameters of groups 1 to 6 compared to group 7 (p ≤ 0.001). Animals in MNNG groups 2 and 3 treated with the low dose carvacrol (10 and 25 mg/kg BW) showed significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic effect compared to animals of the MNNG groups receiving increased doses of carvacrol (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) or no carvacrol. Rats exposed to MNNG exhibited gastric cancer cells in several areas. In the MNNG group receiving 100 mg/kg BW carvacrol, the inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in gastric mucosal and submucosal areas whereas MNNG rats supplemented with 10 and 25 mg/kg BW carvacrol showed no pathological alterations of the gastric cells. The results of this study indicate that significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects induced by carvacrol at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg BW interfered with gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in Wistar rats as well as provide hepatoprotection. However, high doses of carvacrol (50 and 100 mg/kg BW) increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Khusnurrokhman G, Wati FF. Tumor-promoting inflammation in lung cancer: A literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 79:104022. [PMID: 35860063 PMCID: PMC9289429 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting inflammation is an inflammation that occurs because tumor cells cause necrosis of healthy cells which releases cell contents into the environment, triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators. There are intrinsic and outside factors of tumor-promoting inflammation. Intrinsic factors are genetically related, while extrinsic factors are due to mediators and inflammatory cells. The primary inflammatory mediators in the tumorigenesis process include NF-kB, STAT3, HIF-1, and TNF-α. in contrast, the inflammatory cells that play a role are TAM, a collection of tumor-associated leukocytes. Bacteria is also one of the extrinsic factors that can cause tumors because of the chronic inflammation it causes. Chronic inflammation in the lung increases lung cancer risk. As small as inflammatory in lung risk of becoming lung cancer. Tumor-Promoting Inflammation is one of the mechanisms of Lung Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Fatma Wati
- Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Jl. Mayjend Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Airlangga, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java, 60286, Indonesia.
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10
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Gubbala VB, Jytosana N, Trinh VQ, Maurer HC, Naeem RF, Lytle NK, Ma Z, Zhao S, Lin W, Han H, Shi Y, Hunter T, Singh PK, Olive KP, Tan MC, Kaech SM, Wahl GM, DelGiorno KE. Eicosanoids in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment - a multicellular, multifaceted progression. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:682-697. [PMID: 36277993 PMCID: PMC9583893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eicosanoids, oxidized fatty acids that serve as cell-signaling molecules, have been broadly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to identify eicosanoids associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types responsible for their synthesis. METHODS We profiled normal pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mouse models and patient samples using mass spectrometry. We interrogated RNA sequencing datasets for eicosanoid synthase or receptor expression. Findings were confirmed by immunostaining. RESULTS In murine models, we identified elevated levels of PGD2, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in neoplasia while PGE2, 12-HHTre, HETEs, and HDoHEs are elevated specifically in tumors. Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets suggests that PGE2 and prostacyclins are derived from fibroblasts, PGD2 and thromboxanes from myeloid cells, and PGD2 and 5-HETE from tuft cells. In patient samples, we identified a transition from PGD2 to PGE2-producing enzymes in the epithelium during the transition to PDAC, fibroblast/tumor expression of PTGIS, and myeloid/tumor cell expression of TBXAS1. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses identify key changes in eicosanoid species during pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types that contribute to their synthesis. Thromboxane and prostacyclin expression is conserved between animal models and human disease and may represent new druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas B. Gubbala
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nidhi Jytosana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Vincent Q. Trinh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische
Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Razia F. Naeem
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nikki K. Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Steven Zhao
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Wei Lin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Marcus C.B. Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Geoffrey M. Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Tamura R, Yoshihara K, Enomoto T. Therapeutic Strategies Focused on Cancer-Associated Hypercoagulation for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2125. [PMID: 35565252 PMCID: PMC9099459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis, especially in advanced cases. Although comprehensive genomic analyses have clarified the significance of genomic alterations such as ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations in OCCC, therapeutic strategies based on genomic alterations have not been confirmed. On the other hand, OCCC is clinically characterized by a high incidence of thromboembolism. Moreover, OCCC specifically shows high expression of tissue factor and interleukin-6, which play a critical role in cancer-associated hypercoagulation and may be induced by OCCC-specific genetic alterations or the endometriosis-related tumor microenvironment. In this review, we focused on the association between cancer-associated hypercoagulation and molecular biology in OCCC. Moreover, we reviewed the effectiveness of candidate drugs targeting hypercoagulation, such as tissue factor- or interleukin-6-targeting drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-hypoxia signaling drugs, anticoagulants, and combined immunotherapy with these drugs for OCCC. This review is expected to contribute to novel basic research and clinical trials for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of OCCC focused on hypercoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (R.T.); (T.E.)
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13
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Blogowski W, Dolegowska K, Deskur A, Dolegowska B, Starzynska T. Lipoxins and Resolvins in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Preliminary Report. Front Oncol 2022; 11:757073. [PMID: 35087747 PMCID: PMC8787076 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipids derived from arachidonic acid, which have emerged as key regulators of a wide variety of pathophysiological processes in recent times and are implicated as mediators of gastrointestinal cancer. In this study, we investigated the systemic levels of lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived lipoxin A4 and B4, together with resolvin D1 and D2 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 68), as well as in healthy individuals (n = 32). Systemic concentrations of the aforementioned immunoresolvents were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, we observed that compared with concentrations in healthy individuals, the peripheral concentrations of the aforementioned eicosanoids were significantly elevated (2- to 10-fold) in patients with pancreatic cancer (in all cases p<0.00001). No significant association was observed between eicosanoid levels and the TNM clinical staging. Furthermore, we observed no significant differences in concentrations of the analyzed bioactive lipids between patients diagnosed with early-stage (TNM stage I-II) and more advanced disease (TNM stage III-IV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of each aforementioned immunoresolvent showed area under the curve values ranging between 0.79 and 1.00. Sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of the eicosanoids involved in the detection/differentiation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma ranged between 56.8% and 100%. In summary, our research is the first study that provides clinical evidence to support a systemic imbalance in LOX-derived lipoxins and resolvins as the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This phenomenon occurs regardless of the clinical TNM stage of the disease. Furthermore, our study is the first to preliminarily highlight the role of peripheral levels of immunoresolvents, particularly resolvin D1, as potential novel biomarkers of pancreatic cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Blogowski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dolegowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Deskur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolegowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Teresa Starzynska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Wetzel A, Bonnefoy F, Chagué C, Vetter M, Couturier M, Baffert B, Adotévi O, Saas P, Perruche S. Pro-Resolving Factor Administration Limits Cancer Progression by Enhancing Immune Response Against Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:812171. [PMID: 35116038 PMCID: PMC8804172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.812171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are consequences of cellular dysfunction leading to an aberrant cellular multiplication and proliferation, subsequently yielding metastasis formation. Inflammatory reaction, with immune cell recruitment, is the main defense against precancerous lesions. However, an inflammatory environment also favors cancer cell progression, with cancer cell evasion from immune surveillance, leading to cancer development. Current therapeutic strategies enhance this natural immune response in order to restore immunosurveillance. The variety of these strategies is a predominant source of inflammatory mediators used by cancer cells to grow, differentiate, and migrate, therefore encouraging metastasis formation. For this reason, during cancer progression, limiting inflammation appears to be an innovative strategy to avoid the escape of cancer cells and potentially enhance the efficacy of antitumor therapies. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of administering pro-resolving factors (SuperMApo® drug candidate), which are inducers of inflammation resolution, in the framework of cancer treatment. We have observed that administering pro-resolving mediators issued from apoptotic cell efferocytosis by macrophages controlled peritoneal cancer progression by limiting cancer cell dissemination to the blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. This observation has been linked to an increase of macrophage mobilization in both peritoneal cavity and mesenteric lymph nodes. This control is associated to a restricted immunosuppressive myeloid cell circulation and to an IFN-γ-specific anti-tumor T-cell response. Altogether, these results suggest that administering proresolving factors could provide a new additional therapeutic alternative to control cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Wetzel
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- MED’INN’Pharma, Besançon, France
| | - Francis Bonnefoy
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- MED’INN’Pharma, Besançon, France
| | - Cécile Chagué
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Mathieu Vetter
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | | | - Blandine Baffert
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, LabEx LipSTIC, Besançon, France
- MED’INN’Pharma, Besançon, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvain Perruche,
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15
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El Khatib M, Russo V, Prencipe G, Mauro A, Wyrwa R, Grimm G, Di Mattia M, Berardinelli P, Schnabelrauch M, Barboni B. Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells Counteract Acidic Degradation By-Products of Electrospun PLGA Scaffold by Improving Their Immunomodulatory Profile In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113221. [PMID: 34831443 PMCID: PMC8623927 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds with highly aligned fibers (ha-PLGA) represent promising materials in the field of tendon tissue engineering (TE) due to their characteristics in mimicking fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendon native tissue. Among these properties, scaffold biodegradability must be controlled allowing its replacement by a neo-formed native tendon tissue in a controlled manner. In this study, ha-PLGA were subjected to hydrolytic degradation up to 20 weeks, under di-H2O and PBS conditions according to ISO 10993-13:2010. These were then characterized for their physical, morphological, and mechanical features. In vitro cytotoxicity tests were conducted on ovine amniotic epithelial stem cells (oAECs), up to 7 days, to assess the effect of non-buffered and buffered PLGA by-products at different concentrations on cell viability and their stimuli on oAECs’ immunomodulatory properties. The ha-PLGA scaffolds degraded slowly as evidenced by a slight decrease in mass loss (14%) and average molecular weight (35%), with estimated degradation half-time of about 40 weeks under di-H2O. The ultrastructure morphology of the scaffolds showed no significant fiber degradation even after 20 weeks, but alteration of fiber alignment was already evident at week 1. Moreover, mechanical properties decreased throughout the degradation times under wet as well as dry PBS conditions. The influence of acid degradation media on oAECs was dose-dependent, with a considerable effect at 7 days’ culture point. This effect was notably reduced by using buffered media. To a certain level, cells were able to compensate the generated inflammation-like microenvironment by upregulating IL-10 gene expression and favoring an anti-inflammatory rather than pro-inflammatory response. These in vitro results are essential to better understand the degradation behavior of ha-PLGA in vivo and the effect of their degradation by-products on affecting cell performance. Indeed, buffering the degradation milieu could represent a promising strategy to balance scaffold degradation. These findings give good hope with reference to the in vivo condition characterized by physiological buffering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Prencipe
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- Department of Biomaterials, INNOVENT e.V., 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.W.); (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Gabriele Grimm
- Department of Biomaterials, INNOVENT e.V., 07745 Jena, Germany; (R.W.); (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.E.K.); (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.D.M.); (P.B.); (B.B.)
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16
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Inflammaging, an Imbalanced Immune Response That Needs to Be Restored for Cancer Prevention and Treatment in the Elderly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102562. [PMID: 34685542 PMCID: PMC8533838 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, new advances in society and health have brought an increased life expectancy. However, at the same time, aging comes with complications that impact the development of autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These complications affect the quality of life and impact the public health system. Specifically, with aging, a low-grade chronic sterile systemic inflammation with self-reactivity in the absence of acute infection occurs termed inflammaging. Inflammaging is related to an imbalanced immune response that can be either naturally acquired with aging or accelerated due to external triggers. Different molecules, metabolites and inflammatory forms of cell death are highly involved in these processes. Importantly, adoptive cellular immunotherapy is a modality of treatment for cancer patients that administers ex vivo expanded immune cells in the patient. The manipulation of these cells confers them enhanced proinflammatory properties. A general consequence of proinflammatory events is the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein, we review subsets of immune cells with a pertinent role in inflammaging, relevant proteins involved in these inflammatory events and external triggers that enhance and accelerate these processes. Moreover, we mention relevant preclinical studies that demonstrate associations of chronic inflammation with cancer development.
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17
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Luo SD, Chiu TJ, Chen WC, Wang CS. Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168768. [PMID: 34445474 PMCID: PMC8395901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-227-361-661 (ext. 5166)
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18
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To inhibit or to boost the ATP/P2RX7 pathway to fight cancer-that is the question. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:619-631. [PMID: 34347213 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite new biological insights and recent therapeutic advances, many tumors remain at baseline during treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic strategies to improve the care of patients with solid tumors. P2RX7 receptor (P2XR7), an ATP-gated ion channel characterized by its ability to form large pore within the cell membrane, is described by most of the investigators as a "chef d'orchestre" of the antitumor immune response. The purpose of this review is to detail the recent information concerning different cellular mechanisms linking P2RX7 to hallmarks of cancer and to discuss different progresses in elucidating how activation of the ATP/P2RX7/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway is a very promising approach to fight cancer progression by increasing antitumor immune responses.
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19
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Choi WS, Xu X, Goruk S, Wang Y, Patel S, Chow M, Field CJ, Godbout R. FABP7 Facilitates Uptake of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Glioblastoma Neural Stem-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:2664. [PMID: 34444824 PMCID: PMC8402214 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis. Neural stem-like cells contribute to GBM's poor prognosis by driving drug resistance and maintaining cellular heterogeneity. GBM neural stem-like cells express high levels of brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Similar to brain, GBM tissue is enriched in AA and DHA. However, DHA levels are considerably lower in GBM tissue compared to adult brain. Therefore, it is possible that increasing DHA content in GBM, particularly in neural stem-like cells, might have therapeutic value. Here, we examine the fatty acid composition of patient-derived GBM neural stem-like cells grown as neurosphere cultures. We also investigate the effect of AA and DHA treatment on the fatty acid profiles of GBM neural stem-like cells with or without FABP7 knockdown. We show that DHA treatment increases DHA levels and the DHA:AA ratio in GBM neural stem-like cells, with FABP7 facilitating the DHA uptake. We also found that an increased uptake of DHA inhibits the migration of GBM neural stem-like cells. Our results suggest that increasing DHA content in the GBM microenvironment may reduce the migration/infiltration of FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Michael Chow
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
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20
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Lavy M, Gauttier V, Poirier N, Barillé-Nion S, Blanquart C. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Mitigate Cancer-Related Inflammation: Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702785. [PMID: 34276698 PMCID: PMC8278519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental physiological response orchestrated by innate immune cells to restore tissue homeostasis. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in active resolution of inflammation but when inflammation is incomplete, chronic inflammation creates a favorable environment that fuels carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Conventional cancer therapy also strengthens cancer-related inflammation by inducing massive tumor cell death that activate surrounding immune-infiltrating cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Macrophages are key actors of both inflammation and its active resolution due to their plastic phenotype. In line with this high plasticity, macrophages can be hijacked by cancer cells to support tumor progression and immune escape, or therapy resistance. Impaired resolution of cancer-associated inflammation supported by TAMs may thus reinforces tumor progression. From this perspective, recent evidence suggests that stimulating macrophage's pro-resolving functions using SPMs can promote inflammation resolution in cancer and improve anticancer treatments. Thus, TAMs' re-education toward an antitumor phenotype by using SPMs opens a new line of attack in cancer treatment. Here, we review SPMs' anticancer capacities with special attention regarding their effects on TAMs. We further discuss how this new therapeutic approach could be envisioned in cancer therapy.
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21
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Guardiola JJ, Hardesty JE, Beier JI, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Cave MC. Plasma Metabolomics Analysis of Polyvinyl Chloride Workers Identifies Altered Processes and Candidate Biomarkers for Hepatic Hemangiosarcoma and Its Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5093. [PMID: 34065028 PMCID: PMC8150673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level occupational vinyl chloride (VC) exposures have been associated with hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which typically develops following a long latency period. Although VC is genotoxic, a more comprehensive mode of action has not been determined and diagnostic biomarkers have not been established. The purpose of this study is to address these knowledge gaps through plasma metabolomics. METHODS Plasma samples from polyvinyl chloride polymerization workers who developed hemangiosarcoma (cases, n = 15) and VC exposure-matched controls (n = 17) underwent metabolomic analysis. Random forest and bioinformatic analyses were performed. RESULTS Cases and controls had similar demographics and routine liver biochemistries. Mass spectroscopy identified 606 known metabolites. Random forest analysis had an 82% predictive accuracy for group classification. 60 metabolites were significantly increased and 44 were decreased vs. controls. Taurocholate, bradykinin and fibrin degradation product 2 were up-regulated by greater than 80-fold. The naturally occurring anti-angiogenic phenol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, was down-regulated 5-fold. Top affected ontologies involved: (i) metabolism of bile acids, taurine, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids; (ii) inflammation and oxidative stress; and (iii) nicotinic cholinergic signaling. CONCLUSIONS The plasma metabolome was differentially regulated in polyvinyl chloride workers who developed hepatic hemangiosarcoma. Ontologies potentially involved in hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis and candidate biomarkers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Guardiola
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Josiah E. Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- The UofL Health—Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- The UofL Health—Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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22
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Bansal Y, Minhas R, Singhal A, Arora RK, Bansal G. Benzimidazole: A Multifacted Nucelus for Anticancer Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208141107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of cells, dedifferentiation,
invasiveness and metastasis. Endothelial growth factor (eGF), insulin-like growth factor
(IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), checkpoint kinase 1 & 2 ( Chk1 & Chk2), aurora kinases,
topoisomerases, histone deacetylators (HDAC), poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase (PARP), farnesyl
transferases, RAS-MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, are some of the
prominent mediators implicated in the proliferation of tumor cells. Huge artillery of natural
and synthetic compounds as anticancer, which act by inhibiting one or more of the enzymes
and/or pathways responsible for the progression of tumor cells, is reported in the literature.
The major limitations of anticancer agents used in clinics as well as of those under development
in literature are normal cell toxicity and other side effects due to lack of specificity.
Hence, medicinal chemists across the globe have been working for decades to develop potent and safe anticancer
agents from natural sources as well as from different classes of heterocycles. Benzimidazole is one of the most important
and explored heteronucelus because of their versatility in biological actions as well as synthetic applications
in medicinal chemistry. The structural similarity of amino derivatives of benzimidazole with purines makes it a fascinating
nucleus for the development of anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-HIV agents. This review article is an attempt
to critically analyze various reports on benzimidazole derivatives acting on different targets to act as anticancer so as
to understand the structural requirements around benzimidazole nucleus for each target and enable medicinal chemists
to promote rational development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Ankit Singhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Radhey Krishan Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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23
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Asha K, Sharma-Walia N. Targeting Host Cellular Factors as a Strategy of Therapeutic Intervention for Herpesvirus Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:603309. [PMID: 33816328 PMCID: PMC8017445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.603309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses utilize various host factors to establish latent infection, survival, and spread disease in the host. These factors include host cellular machinery, host proteins, gene expression, multiple transcription factors, cellular signal pathways, immune cell activation, transcription factors, cytokines, angiogenesis, invasion, and factors promoting metastasis. The knowledge and understanding of host genes, protein products, and biochemical pathways lead to discovering safe and effective antivirals to prevent viral reactivation and spread infection. Here, we focus on the contribution of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and resolution lipid metabolites of the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in the lifecycle of herpesvirus infections. We discuss how various herpesviruses utilize these lipid pathways to their advantage and how we target them to combat herpesvirus infection. We also summarize recent development in anti-herpesvirus therapeutics and new strategies proposed or under clinical trials. These anti-herpesvirus therapeutics include inhibitors blocking viral life cycle events, engineered anticancer agents, epigenome influencing factors, immunomodulators, and therapeutic compounds from natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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24
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PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for canine cancers and clinical benefit of anti-PD-L1 antibody in dogs with pulmonary metastatic oral malignant melanoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:10. [PMID: 33580183 PMCID: PMC7881100 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) represents promising treatments for human cancers. Our previous studies demonstrated PD-L1 overexpression in some canine cancers, and suggested the therapeutic potential of a canine chimeric anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (c4G12). However, such evidence is scarce, limiting the clinical application in dogs. In the present report, canine PD-L1 expression was assessed in various cancer types, using a new anti-PD-L1 mAb, 6C11-3A11, and the safety and efficacy of c4G12 were explored in 29 dogs with pulmonary metastatic oral malignant melanoma (OMM). PD-L1 expression was detected in most canine malignant cancers including OMM, and survival was significantly longer in the c4G12 treatment group (median 143 days) when compared to a historical control group (n = 15, median 54 days). In dogs with measurable disease (n = 13), one dog (7.7%) experienced a complete response. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 15 dogs (51.7%). Here we show that PD-L1 is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy in dogs, and dogs could be a useful large animal model for human cancer research.
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25
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Links between Inflammation and Postoperative Cancer Recurrence. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020228. [PMID: 33435255 PMCID: PMC7827039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite complete resection, cancer recurrence frequently occurs in clinical practice. This indicates that cancer cells had already metastasized from their organ of origin at the time of resection or had circulated throughout the body via the lymphatic and vascular systems. To obtain this potential for metastasis, cancer cells must undergo essential and intrinsic processes that are supported by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated inflammation may be engaged in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Despite numerous reports detailing the interplays between cancer and its microenvironment via the inflammatory network, the status of cancer-associated inflammation remains difficult to recognize in clinical settings. In the current paper, we reviewed clinical reports on the relevance between inflammation and cancer recurrence after surgical resection, focusing on inflammatory indicators and cancer recurrence predictors according to cancer type and clinical indicators.
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26
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Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010008. [PMID: 33374792 PMCID: PMC7824260 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitating resolution of inflammation using atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR) as an anticancer strategy is considered but requires a deeper understanding of receptor role in carcinogenesis. We aimed at transcriptional analysis (RTqPCR) of ACKR2 and ACKR4 expression in colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence in paired normal-neoplastic tissues from 96 polyps and 51 cancers. On average, ACKR2 was downregulated in neoplastic as compared to non-affected tissue in polyp (by 2.7-fold) and cancer (by 3.1-fold) patients. The maximal downregulation (by 8.2-fold) was observed in adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy and was gradually lessening through cancer stages I-IV, owing to increased receptor expression in tumors. On average, ACKR4 was significantly downregulated solely in adenocarcinomas (by 1.5-fold), less so in patients with lymph node metastasis, owing to a gradual decrease in ACKR4 expression among N0-N1-N2 cancers in non-affected tissue without changes in tumors. In adenomas, ACKR4 downregulation in neoplastic tissue increased with increasing potential for malignancy and contribution of villous growth pattern. ACKR4 expression increased in non-affected tissue with a concomitant decrease in pathological mucosa. In conclusion, the changes in ACKRs expression occur already in precancerous colorectal lesions, culminating in the adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy. Therefore, chemoprevention by manipulating ACKRs’ expression is worth exploration.
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27
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Prognostic Significance of COX-2 Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Middle Eastern Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249498. [PMID: 33327467 PMCID: PMC7764962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis, with BRAF mutation shown to promote PGE2 synthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate COX-2 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and further evaluate the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in strata of BRAF mutation status. BRAF mutation analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing, and COX-2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarray (TMA). COX-2 overexpression, noted in 43.2% (567/1314) of cases, was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers such as extra-thyroidal extension, lymph-node metastasis, and higher tumor stage. COX-2 was also an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (DFS). Most notably, the association of COX-2 expression with DFS differed by BRAF mutation status. COX-2 overexpression was associated with poor DFS in BRAF-mutant but not BRAF wild-type PTCs, with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 2.10 (95% CI = 1.52–2.92; p < 0.0001) for COX-2 overexpressed tumors in BRAF-mutant PTC. In conclusion, the current study shows that COX-2 plays a key role in prognosis of PTC patients, especially in BRAF-mutated tumors. Our data suggest the potential therapeutic role of COX-2 inhibition in patients with BRAF-mutated PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-205-5167
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28
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Clemente SM, Martínez-Costa OH, Monsalve M, Samhan-Arias AK. Targeting Lipid Peroxidation for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5144. [PMID: 33167334 PMCID: PMC7663840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the highest prevalent diseases in humans. The chances of surviving cancer and its prognosis are very dependent on the affected tissue, body location, and stage at which the disease is diagnosed. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies worldwide are pursuing many attempts to look for compounds to treat this malignancy. Most of the current strategies to fight cancer implicate the use of compounds acting on DNA damage checkpoints, non-receptor tyrosine kinases activities, regulators of the hedgehog signaling pathways, and metabolic adaptations placed in cancer. In the last decade, the finding of a lipid peroxidation increase linked to 15-lipoxygenases isoform 1 (15-LOX-1) activity stimulation has been found in specific successful treatments against cancer. This discovery contrasts with the production of other lipid oxidation signatures generated by stimulation of other lipoxygenases such as 5-LOX and 12-LOX, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities, which have been suggested as cancer biomarkers and which inhibitors present anti-tumoral and antiproliferative activities. These findings support the previously proposed role of lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites as cancer cell mediators. Depletion or promotion of lipid peroxidation is generally related to a specific production source associated with a cancer stage or tissue in which cancer originates. This review highlights the potential therapeutical use of chemical derivatives to stimulate or block specific cellular routes to generate lipid hydroperoxides to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M. Clemente
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Oscar H. Martínez-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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29
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Alzheimer's Disease and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Do MaR1, RvD1, and NPD1 Show Promise for Prevention and Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165783. [PMID: 32806612 PMCID: PMC7460933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and a major contributor to progressive cognitive impairment in an aging society. As the pathophysiology of AD involves chronic neuroinflammation, the resolution of inflammation and the group of lipid mediators that actively regulate it-i.e., specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs)-attracted attention in recent years as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the following three specific SPMs and summarizes their relationships to AD, as they were shown to effectively address and reduce the risk of AD-related neuroinflammation: maresin 1 (MaR1), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1). These three SPMs are metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is contained in fish oils and is thus easily available to the public. They are expected to become incorporated into promising avenues for preventing and treating AD in the future.
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30
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Ungaro F, D’Alessio S, Danese S. The Role of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Colorectal Cancer-Associated Inflammation: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082060. [PMID: 32722560 PMCID: PMC7463689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized hallmark of cancer that contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-inflammatory drugs currently used for the treatment of CRC show many adverse side effects that prompted researchers to propose the polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as promoters of resolution of cancer-associated inflammation. SPMs were found to inhibit the CRC-associated pro-inflammatory milieu via specific G-coupled protein receptors, although clinical data are still lacking. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field, ultimately providing insights for the development of innovative anti-CRC therapies that promote the endogenous lipid-mediated resolution of CRC-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ungaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia D’Alessio
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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31
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Rogovskii V. Modulation of Inflammation-Induced Tolerance in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1180. [PMID: 32676076 PMCID: PMC7333343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rogovskii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Characterization of Endocannabinoid System and Interleukin Profiles in Ovine AEC: Cannabinoid Receptors Type-1 and Type-2 as Key Effectors of Pro-Inflammatory Response. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041008. [PMID: 32325674 PMCID: PMC7226065 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) have been proposed as promising clinical candidates for regenerative medicine therapies due to their immunomodulatory capacity. In this context, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been identified as mediating the immune-stem cell dialogue, even if no information on AEC is available to date. Therefore, this study was designed to assess whether ECS is involved in tuning the constitutive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ovine AEC anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL-10, IL-4, and IL-12) profiles. Firstly, interleukins and ECS expressions were studied at different stages of gestation. Then, the role of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) on interleukin expression and release was investigated in middle stage AEC using selective agonists and antagonists. AEC displayed a degradative more than a synthetic endocannabinoid metabolism during the early and middle stages of gestation. At the middle stage, cannabinoid receptors mediated the balance between pro-inflammatory (IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) interleukins. The activation of both receptors mediated an overall pro-inflammatory shift-CB1 reduced the anti-inflammatory and CB2 increased the pro-inflammatory interleukin release, particularly after LPS stimulation. Altogether, these data pave the way for the comprehension of AEC mechanisms tuning immune-modulation, crucial for the development of new AEC-based therapy protocols.
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Concurrent Control of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Life Cycle through Chromatin Modulation and Host Hedgehog Signaling: a New Prospect for the Therapeutic Potential of Lipoxin A4. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02177-19. [PMID: 32102879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02177-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an endogenous lipid mediator with compelling anti-inflammatory and proresolution properties. Studies done to assess the role of arachidonic acid pathways of the host in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) biology helped discover that KSHV infection hijacks the proinflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways and concurrently reduces anti-inflammatory LXA4 secretion to maintain KSHV latency in infected cells. Treatment of KSHV-infected cells with LXA4 minimizes the activation of inflammatory and proliferative signaling pathways, including the NF-κB, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways, but the exact mechanism of action of LXA4 remains unexplored. Here, using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified components from the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein and chromatin-remodeling complex SMARCB1 and SMARCC2 to be LXA4-interacting host proteins in KSHV-infected cells. We identified a higher level of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells than in untreated KSHV-infected cells, which probably facilitates the affinity interaction of the nucleosome complex protein with LXA4. We demonstrate that SMARCB1 regulates both replication and transcription activator (RTA) activity and host hedgehog (hh) signaling in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells. Host hedgehog signaling was modulated in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6 kinase-dependent manner in LXA4-treated KSHV-infected cells. Since anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial as adjuvants to conventional and immune-based therapies, we evaluated the potential of LXA4 treatment in regulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on KSHV-carrying tumor cells. Overall, our study identified LXA4-interacting host factors in KSHV-infected cells, which could help provide an understanding of the mode of action of LXA4 and its therapeutic potential against KSHV.IMPORTANCE The latent-to-lytic switch in KSHV infection is one of the critical events regulated by the major replication and transcription activator KSHV protein called RTA. Chromatin modification of the viral genome determines the phase of the viral life cycle in the host. Here, we report that LXA4 interacts with a host chromatin modulator, especially SMARCB1, which upregulates the KSHV ORF50 promoter. SMARCB1 has also been recognized to be a tumor suppressor protein which controls many tumorigenic events associated with the hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway. We also observed that LXA4 treatment reduces PD-L1 expression and that PD-L1 expression is an important immune evasion strategy used by KSHV for its survival and maintenance in the host. Our study underscores the role of LXA4 in KSHV biology and emphasizes that KSHV is strategic in downregulating LXA4 secretion in the host to establish latency. This study also uncovers the therapeutic potential of LXA4 and its targetable receptor, AhR, in KSHV's pathogenesis.
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Clinical prognostic scores for patients with thymic epithelial tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18581. [PMID: 31819103 PMCID: PMC6901461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several inflammation-based prognostic scores emerged in various types of cancer to predict clinical outcomes. So far, no accurate pre-treatment scoring systems exist for patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), comprising thymomas and thymic carcinomas (TCs). Therefore, we sought to test the prognostic value of different clinical composite scores and their components, identify optimal cut-off values for TETs as well as combine predictive components to new suitable prognostic scores. One hundred eighty-four patients with TETs undergoing surgical tumor resection were analyzed. A significant advantage in Freedom-from-Recurrence and/or Cause-specific survival (CSS) was evident for patients with high Advanced-Lung- Cancer-Inflammation-Index, low CRP-Fibrinogen-Score (CFS), low Glasgow-Prognostic-Score (GPS), low high-sensitivity-modified GPS, low TET-adapted GPS (TET-aGPS) and low Systemic-Immune-Inflammation Index. On multivariable analysis high TET-aGPS (HR = 14.9;p = 0.001), incomplete resection status (HR = 13.5;p = 0.001) and TC (HR = 26.0;p = 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for worse CSS. The CFS had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.188) to predict tumor recurrence of all composite scores, comprising CRP (R2 = 0.141) and fibrinogen (R2 = 0.158), the best single factor predictors. Inflammation-based prognostic scores and selected components are suitable to predict survival and/or tumor recurrence in TET patients undergoing primary surgery. Due to excellent long-term survival and frequent tumor recurrence, cut-off values were tailored to increase prognostic power.
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35
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Lee CH. Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Natural Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipids. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1841. [PMID: 31766574 PMCID: PMC6966475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the progression of malignant cancer. Therefore, blocking the EMT can be a critical fast track for the development of anticancer drugs. In this paper, we update recent research output of EMT and we explore suppression of EMT by natural anti-inflammatory compounds and pro-resolving lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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Yoon HY, Park HS, Cho MS, Shim SS, Kim Y, Lee JH. Spontaneous remission of advanced progressive poorly differentiated non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and review of literature. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31711463 PMCID: PMC6849189 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous remission (SR) of cancer is a very rare phenomenon of unknown mechanism. In particular, SR of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been scarcely reported. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with advanced, poorly differentiated NSCLC (highly expressing programmed death ligand-1 [PD-L1]) that progressed despite multiple lines of chemotherapy but then spontaneously remitted. CASE PRESENTATION The patient presented with hemoptysis and was diagnosed with stage IIIA poorly differentiated NSCLC via bronchoscopic biopsy. She had an unremarkable medical history and moderate performance status. The initial treatment plan was surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Despite conventional chemotherapy, follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) showed gradual tumor progression and she decided against further treatment after fifth-line chemotherapy. However, the size of lung mass was markedly decreased on follow-up chest CT one year after ceasing chemotherapy. Also, follow-up positron emission tomography images showed decreased metabolic activity in the lung mass and a percutaneous biopsy specimen from the diminished lung mass revealed no viable tumor cells. A diagnosis of SR of NSCLC was confirmed, and the patient was without tumor progression on follow-up nine months later. Later, PD-L1 immunostaining revealed high positivity (> 99%) in initial tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our case showing SR of poorly advanced NSCLC refractory to multiple lines of chemotherapy suggested the association between immunity and tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Heae Surng Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Shin Shim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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Van Gorp H, Lamkanfi M. The emerging roles of inflammasome-dependent cytokines in cancer development. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847575. [PMID: 31101676 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the genomic alterations that occur in malignant cells, the immune system is increasingly appreciated as a critical axis that regulates the rise of neoplasms and the development of primary tumours and metastases. The interaction between inflammatory cell infiltrates and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment is complex, with inflammation playing both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles. Inflammasomes are intracellular multi-protein complexes that act as key signalling hubs of the innate immune system. They respond to cellular stress and trauma by promoting activation of caspase-1, a protease that induces a pro-inflammatory cell death mode termed pyroptosis along with the maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Here, we will briefly introduce inflammasome biology with a focus on the dual roles of inflammasome-produced cytokines in cancer development. Despite emerging insight that inflammasomes may promote and suppress cancer development according to the tumour stage and the tumour microenvironment, much remains to be uncovered. Further exploration of inflammasome biology in tumorigenesis should enable the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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Bai Y, Wang J, He Z, Yang M, Li L, Jiang H. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reverse Diabetic Nephropathy Disease via Lipoxin A4 by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)/smad Pathway and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3069-3076. [PMID: 31023998 PMCID: PMC6500104 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been proved to be effective in DN models by protecting renal function and preventing fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous research indicated diabetes and associated complications may be attributed to failed resolution of inflammation, which is deliberately regulated by pro-resolving lipids, including lipoxins (LXs), resolvins (Rv) D and E series, protectins, and maresins. In this study, we monitored pro-resolving mediators in a DN model to explore the mechanism of MSCs treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The DN model was induced by STZ injection in SD rats. UPLC-MS/MS was performed to determine pro-resolving lipids in kidney tissue and serum of DN model before and after MSCs treatment, as well as in supernatants of HBZY-1-MSCs co-culture. RESULTS LXA4 was highly accumulated in renal tissue of DN rats with MSCs treatment; ex vivo, LXA4 was significantly increased in the supernatants of HBZY-1 cells co-cultured with MSCs in a high-glucose (HG) medium. Western blot analysis indicated that ALX/FPR2, the receptor of LXA4, was markedly expressed in renal tissue of the DN-MSC group and HBZY-1 after incubating with MSCs in HG. Intraperitoneal injection of LXA4 inhibited renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-ß/Smad signaling and downregulated serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ in DN rats. Notably, all the protective effects induced by MSCs or LXA4 were abolished by ALX/FRP2 blocking. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MSCs intervention prevented DN procession via the LXA4-ALX/FPR2 axis, which inhibited glomerulosclerosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines, eventually contributing to kidney homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenkun He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Luohua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Hongying Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Abstract
The tumor immune landscape gained considerable interest based on the knowledge that genetic aberrations in cancer cells alone are insufficient for tumor development. Macrophages are basically supporting all hallmarks of cancer and owing to their tremendous plasticity they may exert a whole spectrum of anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. As part of the innate immune response, macrophages are armed to attack tumor cells, alone or in concert with distinct T cell subsets. However, in the tumor microenvironment, they sense nutrient and oxygen gradients, receive multiple signals, and respond to this incoming information with a phenotype shift. Often, their functional output repertoire is shifted to become tumor-supportive. Incoming and outgoing signals are chemically heterogeneous but also comprise lipid mediators. Here, we review the current understanding whereby arachidonate metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways shape the macrophage phenotype in a tumor setting. We discuss these findings in the context of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and concomitant prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. We elaborate the multiple actions of this lipid in affecting macrophage biology, which are sensors for and generators of this lipid. Moreover, we summarize properties of 5-lipoxygenases (ALOX5) and 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15, ALOX15B) in macrophages and clarify how these enzymes add to the role of macrophages in a dynamically changing tumor environment. This review will illustrate the potential routes how COX-2/mPGES-1 and ALOX5/-15 in macrophages contribute to the development and progression of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strack
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Kosumi K, Hamada T, Zhang S, Liu L, da Silva A, Koh H, Twombly TS, Mima K, Morikawa T, Song M, Nowak JA, Nishihara R, Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Ou FS, Zemla T, Mayer RJ, Baba H, Ng K, Giannakis M, Zhang X, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Ogino S. Prognostic association of PTGS2 (COX-2) over-expression according to BRAF mutation status in colorectal cancer: Results from two prospective cohorts and CALGB 89803 (Alliance) trial. Eur J Cancer 2019; 111:82-93. [PMID: 30826660 PMCID: PMC6436990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway promotes tumour progression. Considering evidence suggesting increased PGE2 synthesis by BRAF mutation in tumour cells, we hypothesised that the association of tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer mortality might be stronger in BRAF-mutated tumours than in BRAF-wild-type tumours. METHODS Using 1708 patients, including 1200 stage I-IV colorectal carcinoma cases in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and 508 stage III colon cancer cases in a National Cancer Institute-sponsored randomised controlled trial of adjuvant therapy (CALGB/Alliance 89803), we evaluated tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression status using immunohistochemistry. We examined the prognostic association of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression in strata of BRAF mutation status by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to adjust for potential confounders, including disease stage, tumour differentiation, microsatellite instability status and KRAS and PIK3CA mutations. RESULTS In NHS and HPFS, the association of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer-specific survival differed by BRAF mutation status (Pinteraction = 0.0005); compared with PTGS2 (COX-2)-negative/low carcinomas, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for PTGS2 (COX-2)-high carcinomas were 2.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-4.28) in BRAF-mutated cases and 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.04) in BRAF-wild-type cases. Differential prognostic associations of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression in strata of BRAF mutation status were similarly observed in CALGB/Alliance 89803 trial (Pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The association of tumour PTGS2 (COX-2) expression with colorectal cancer mortality is stronger in BRAF-mutated tumours than in BRAF-wild-type tumours, supporting interactive roles of PTGS2 (COX-2) expression and BRAF mutation statuses in prognostication of patients with colorectal cancer; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00003835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyler Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Tissue necrosis and its role in cancer progression. Oncogene 2018; 38:1920-1935. [PMID: 30390074 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Great efforts have been made in revealing the mechanisms governing cancer resistance and recurrence. The in-situ effects of cell death, caused by hypoxia and metabolic stress, were largely studied in association with inflammation. However, in this work, we focused on the direct effects of necrosis on cancer promotion and on the tumor microenvironment. The conditions leading to cell necrosis, upon nutrient and oxygen deprivation, were recapitulated in-vitro and were used to generate samples for computational proteomic analysis. Under these conditions, we identified clusters of enriched pathways that may be involved in tumor resistance, leading to cancer recurrence. We show that the content of necrotic cells enhances angiogenesis and proliferation of endothelial cells, induces vasculature, as well as increases migration, invasion, and cell-cell interactions. In-vivo studies, where MDA-MB-231 xenografts were exposed to necrotic lysates, resulted in an increase in both proliferation and angiogenesis. Histological analysis of tumor tissues revealed high expression levels of key mediators that were identified by proteomic analysis. Moreover, when cells were injected systemically, coupled with necrotic lysates, a higher number of large lesions was detected in the lung. Finally, using xenografts, we demonstrated that combining an antagonist of a necrotic signal with an anticancer treatment potentiates the prolonged therapeutic effect. This approach suggests a paradigm shift in which targeting late necrotic-secreted factors may increase survival and enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapy.
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Guo Y, Cai K, Mao S, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang Z, Liu M, Zhang W, Wu Y, Yan Y, Yao X. Preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio is a significant predictor of survival in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy: a retrospective study. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4789-4804. [PMID: 30425573 PMCID: PMC6205524 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s180301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Earlier studies have indicated the prognostic value of the pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in multiple tumor types. The present study attempts to investigate the predictive role of preoperative CAR in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy (RC), and explores its prognostic index value. Patients and methods A total of 131 patients with bladder cancer after RC between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed in the present study. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses. Prediction accuracy was evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The median follow-up time for all patients in the present retrospective study was 39.72 months (15.51–53.26 months). The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated that bladder cancer patients with high preoperative CAR (>0.2) were significantly associated with decreased PFS and OS (all, P<0.001). The multivariate analysis confirmed CAR as a common independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Furthermore, the effective combination of CAR and pathological T staging constituted a new index (CART), and was observed to be an independent risk factor for OS (CART score =2, HR=0.264; 95% CI: 0.106–0.660, P=0.004; CART score =3, HR =0.371; 95% CI: 0.208–0.661, P=0.001). However, CART did not show any prognostic significance for PFS. Importantly, the AUC values of CAR for OS and PFS were higher than other conventional clinical indices. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that CAR can be used as a new prognostic indicator of OS and PFS in patients with bladder cancer after RC. Combining the CAR score with pathological T staging as the CART score appears to be a more effective prognostic indicator of poor OS, but not PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Keke Cai
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Department of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ,
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Zhu M, Wang X, Sun L, Schultzberg M, Hjorth E. Can inflammation be resolved in Alzheimer's disease? Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418791107. [PMID: 30116300 PMCID: PMC6088473 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418791107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Epidemiological studies suggest that use of anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a lower incidence of AD. However, clinical trials with anti-inflammatory drugs have not been successful. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is resolved by a process that is mediated by a group of lipid mediators, so called specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Unlike anti-inflammatory strategies, which usually involve inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory mediators, stimulating the resolution of inflammation is aimed at ending inflammation in a similar fashion as under normal physiological conditions. We have previously shown that pathways of resolution are impaired in AD. Moreover, we found that SPMs can improve neuronal survival and increase microglial phagocytosis of amyloid beta (Aβ) in in vitro studies, indicating that stimulating resolution of inflammation may be a potential therapeutic target in AD. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding resolution of inflammation in AD. We also discuss possible strategies to stimulate the resolution of inflammation in AD, specifically focusing on signaling pathways, including SPMs, their receptors and enzymes involved in their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No 71, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Section of Neurodegeneration, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Sweden
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Hu C, Chen M, Jiang R, Guo Y, Wu M, Zhang X. Exosome-related tumor microenvironment. J Cancer 2018; 9:3084-3092. [PMID: 30210631 PMCID: PMC6134819 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (tumor cells are located in the internal and external environment) is vital for the occurrence, growth and metastasis of tumors. An increasing number of studies have shown that exosomes are closely related to the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms involved, however, are unclear. The focus of this review is on the exosome-related tumor microenvironment and other relevant factors, such as hypoxia, inflammation and angiogenesis. Many studies have suggested that exosomes are important mediators of metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, exosomes can be isolated from bodily fluids of cancer patients, including urine, blood, saliva, milk, tumor effusion, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid and so on. Consequently, exosomes are potential biomarkers for clinical predictions and are also good drug carriers because they can cross the biofilm without triggering an immune response. Collectively, these findings illustrate that exosomes are crucial for developing potential targets for a new generation of pharmaceutical therapies that would improve the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rilei Jiang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Roy J, Watson JE, Hong IS, Fan TM, Das A. Antitumorigenic Properties of Omega-3 Endocannabinoid Epoxides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5569-5579. [PMID: 29856219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have linked inflammation to tumor progression. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to suppress tumor growth through their conversion to epoxide metabolites. Alternatively, DHA is converted enzymatically into docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), an endocannabinoid with antiproliferative activity. Recently, we reported a novel class of anti-inflammatory DHEA-epoxide derivative called epoxydocospentaenoic-ethanolamide (EDP-EA) that contain both ethanolamide and epoxide moieties. Herein, we study the antitumorigenic properties of EDP-EAs in an osteosarcoma (OS) model. First, we show ∼80% increase in EDP-EAs in metastatic versus normal lungs of mice. We found significant differences in the apoptotic and antimigratory potencies of the different EDP-EA regioisomers, which were partially mediated through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Next, we synthesized derivatives of the most pro-apoptotic regioisomer. These derivatives had reduced hydrolytic susceptibility to fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and increased CB1-selective binding. Collectively, we report a novel class of EDP-EAs that exhibit antiangiogenic, antitumorigenic, and antimigratory properties in OS.
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Schnell A, Schmidl C, Herr W, Siska PJ. The Peripheral and Intratumoral Immune Cell Landscape in Cancer Patients: A Proxy for Tumor Biology and a Tool for Outcome Prediction. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E25. [PMID: 29495308 PMCID: PMC5874682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional systemic and local immunity is required for effective anti-tumor responses. In addition to an active engagement with cancer cells and tumor stroma, immune cells can be affected and are often found to be dysregulated in cancer patients. The impact of tumors on local and systemic immunity can be assessed using a variety of approaches ranging from low-dimensional analyses that are performed on large patient cohorts to multi-dimensional assays that are technically and logistically challenging and are therefore confined to a limited sample size. Many of these strategies have been established in recent years leading to exciting findings. Not only were analyses of immune cells in tumor patients able to predict the clinical course of the disease and patients' survival, numerous studies also detected changes in the immune landscape that correlated with responses to novel immunotherapies. This review will provide an overview of established and novel tools for assessing immune cells in tumor patients and will discuss exemplary studies that utilized these techniques to predict patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology and University Medical Center of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology and University Medical Center of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in patients with solid tumors: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13934-13947. [PMID: 29568406 PMCID: PMC5862627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) was originally used as a novel inflammation-based prognostic score in predicting outcomes in septic patients. Recently, more and more studies have reported the prognostic value of pretreatment CAR in solid tumors. However, the results remain controversial rather than conclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 24 studies with 10203 patients to explore the relationship between CAR and survival outcomes in patients with solid tumors. The correlation between CAR and clinicopathological parameters was also assessed. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to be the effect size estimate. The overall results showed that elevated CAR was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (including 23 studies and 10067 patients) and poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (including 6 studies and 2904 patients). Significant associations between high CAR level and poor OS were also found in the subgroup analyses of study region, cancer type, primary treatment, clinical stage, cut-off selection, sample size, and cut-off value. Moreover, subgroup analyses demonstrated that study region, primary treatment, clinical stage, sample size, and cut-off value did not alter the prognostic value of CAR for DFS. Furthermore, elevated CAR was correlated with certain phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as poor histological grade, serious clinical stage, advanced tumor depth, positive lymph node metastasis, and positive distant metastasis. Together, our meta-analysis suggests that elevated level of serum CAR predicts worse survival and unfavorable clinical characteristics in cancer patients, and CAR may serve as an effective prognostic factor for solid tumors.
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Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, Jung SW, Kim SM, Kim JE, Kim IC, Kim S. Anti-inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium sp. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:929-936. [PMID: 30008606 PMCID: PMC6036089 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation mediated by the innate immune system is an organism's protective mechanism against infectious environmental risk factors. It is also a driver of the pathogeneses of various human diseases, including cancer development and progression. Microalgae are increasingly being focused on as sources of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential against various diseases. Furthermore, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potentials of microalgae and their secondary metabolites have been widely reported. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the ethanol extract of the Antarctic freshwater microalga Micractinium sp. (ETMI) by several in vitro assays using RAW 264.7 macrophages and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. ETMI exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by modulating the main inflammatory indicators such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ETMI exerted cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation. Further, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase through the regulation of hallmark genes of the G1/S phase transition, including CDKN1A, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6, respectively). At the transcriptional level, the expression of CDKN1A gradually increased in response to ETMI treatment while that of CDK4 and CDK6 decreased. Taken together, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the Antarctic freshwater microalga, Micractinium sp., and ETMI may provide a new clue for understanding the molecular link between inflammation and cancer and that ETMI may be a potential anticancer agent for targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Hong
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Department of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Shuji Ogino: Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Shuji Ogino: Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Shuji Ogino: Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Potential role of an antimicrobial peptide, KLK in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183852. [PMID: 28850608 PMCID: PMC5574609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attractive alternatives to antibiotics. Due to their immune modulatory properties, AMPs are at present emerging as promising agents for controlling inflammatory-mediated diseases. In this study, anti-inflammatory potential of an antimicrobial peptide, KLK (KLKLLLLLKLK) and its analogs was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results herein demonstrated that KLK peptide as well as its analogs significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in dose-dependent manners, and such inhibitory effects were not due to direct cytotoxicity. When considering inhibition potency, KLK among the test peptides exhibited the most effective activity. The inhibitory activity of KLK peptide also extended to include suppression of LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). KLK significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, KLK inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and blocked degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB). Taken together, these results suggested that the KLK peptide inhibited inflammatory response through the down-regulation of NF-κB mediated activation in macrophages. Since peptide analogs with different amino acid sequences and arrangement were investigated for their anti-inflammatory activities, the residues/structures required for activity were also discussed. Our findings therefore proved anti-inflammatory potential of the KLK peptide and provide direct evidence for therapeutic application of KLK as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
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