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Yoshida K, Morishima Y, Ishii Y, Mastuzaka T, Shimano H, Hizawa N. Abnormal saturated fatty acids and sphingolipids metabolism in asthma. Respir Investig 2024; 62:526-530. [PMID: 38640569 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in fatty acid analysis have highlighted the links between lipid disruption and disease development. Lipid abnormalities are well-established risk factors for many of the most common chronic illnesses, and their involvement in asthma is also becoming clear. Here, we review research demonstrating the role of abnormal lipid metabolism in asthma, with a focus on saturated fatty acids and sphingolipids. High levels of palmitic acid, the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients with obesity, and were shown to worsen eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma model mice on a high-fat diet. Aside from being a building block of longer-chain fatty acids, palmitic acid is also the starting point for de novo synthesis of ceramides, a class of sphingolipids. We outline the three main pathways for the synthesis of ceramides, which have been linked to the severity of asthma and act as precursors for the dynamic lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P signaling is involved in allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and immune-cell trafficking. A recent study of mice with mutations for the elongation of very long-chain fatty acid family member 6 (Elovl6), an enzyme that elongates fatty acid chains, has highlighted the potential role of palmitic acid composition, and thus lipid balance, in the pathophysiology of allergic airway inflammation. Elovl6 may be a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Ibaraki Higashi National Hospital, 825 Terunuma, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki, 319-1113, Japan
| | - Takashi Mastuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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2
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Dwivedi SD, Yadav K, Bhoi A, Sahu KK, Sangwan N, Singh D, Singh MR. Targeting Pathways and Integrated Approaches to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:87-102. [PMID: 38305342 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetrical systemic disorder that not only affects joints but also other organs such as heart, lungs, kidney, and liver. Approximately there is 0.5%-1% of the total population affected by RA. RA pathogenesis still remains unclear due to which its appropriate treatment is a challenge. Further, multitudes of factors have been reported to affect its progression i.e. genetic factor, environmental factor, immune factor, and oxidative factor. Therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of RA include NSAIDs, DMARDs, enzymatic, hormonal, and gene therapies. But most of them provide the symptomatic relief without treating the core of the disease. This makes it obligatory to explore and reach the molecular targets for cure and long-term relief from RA. Herein, we attempt to provide extensive overlay of the new targets for RA treatment such as signaling pathways, proteins, and receptors affecting the progression of the disease and its severity. Precise modification in these targets such as suppressing the notch signaling pathway, SIRT 3 protein, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and stimulating the neuronal signals particularly efferent vagus nerve and SIRT 1 protein may offer long term relief and potentially diminish the chronicity. To target or alter the novel molecules and signaling pathway a specific delivery system is required such as liposome, nanoparticles and micelles and many more. Present review paper discusses in detail about novel targets and delivery systems for treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Keshav Kant Sahu
- School of studies in biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of pharmacy, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.(C.G.) 2. National centre for natural resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
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Feng R, Liu C, Cui Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate combining with S1PR4 promotes regulatory T cell differentiation related to FAO through Nrf2/PPARα. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13322. [PMID: 39007959 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism and metabolic processes have long been considered to shape the tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recent research has demonstrated that T regulatory cells (Tregs) display high rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a relatively low rate of glycolysis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which is a G protein signalling activator involved in immune regulation and FAO modulation, has been implicated in Treg differentiation. However, the precise relation between Treg differentiation and S1P remains unclear. In this study, we isolated naïve CD4+ T cells from the spleens of 6-8-week-old BALB/c mice using magnetic bead sorting, which was used in our study for Treg differentiation. S1P stimulation was performed during Treg differentiation. We examined the oxygen consumption and palmitic acid metabolism of the differentiated Tregs and evaluated the expression levels of various proteins, including Nrf2, CPT1A, Glut1, ACC1 and PPARα, through Western blotting. Our results demonstrate that S1P promotes Treg differentiation and enhances FAO, and that the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is upregulated. Furthermore, Nrf2 or PPARα knockdown dampened the Treg differentiation and FAO that were promoted by S1P, confirming that S1P can bind with S1PR4 to promote Treg differentiation through the Nrf2/PPARα signalling pathway, which may be related to FAO facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilin Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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4
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Zhang F, Lu Y. The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis: an Emerging Therapeutic Opportunity for Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2040-2059. [PMID: 36662421 PMCID: PMC9857924 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age, but its current interventions are unsatisfactory. Recent research discovered a dysregulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway in endometriosis and showed a positive outcome by targeting it. The S1P axis participates in a series of fundamental pathophysiological processes. This narrative review is trying to expound the reported and putative (due to limited reports in this area for now) interactions between the S1P axis and endometriosis in those pathophysiological processes, to provide some perspectives for future research. In short, S1P signaling pathway is highly activated in the endometriotic lesion. The S1P concentration has a surge in the endometriotic cyst fluid and the peritoneal fluid, with the downstream dysregulation of its receptors. The S1P axis plays an essential role in the migration and activation of the immune cells, fibrosis, angiogenesis, pain-related hyperalgesia, and innervation. S1P receptor (S1PR) modulators showed an impressive therapeutic effect by targeting the different S1P receptors in the endometriosis model, and many other conditions resemble endometriosis. And several of them already got approval for clinical application in many diseases, which means a drug repurposing direction and a rapid clinical translation for endometriosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Liu J, Xiao E, Han Q, Wang L. Sphingosine-1-phosphate related signalling pathways manipulating virus replication. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2415. [PMID: 36597202 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses can create a unique cellular environment that facilitates replication and transmission. Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid molecule that performs both physiological and pathological effects primarily by activating a subgroup of the endothelial differentiation gene family of G-protein coupled cell surface receptors known as S1P receptors (S1PR1-5). A growing body of evidence indicates that the SphK/S1P axis is crucial for regulating cellular activities in virus infections like respiratory viruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis viruses, herpes viruses, and arboviruses replicate. Depending on the type of virus, pro- or anti-viral activities of the SphK/S1P axis sometimes rely on the host immune system and sometimes directly through intracellular signalling pathways or cell proliferation. Recent research has shown novel roles of S1P and SphK in viral replication. Sphingosine kinase isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) levels can be manipulated by several viruses to promote the effects that are expected. Regulation of cellular signalling pathways plays a significant role in the mechanism. The purpose of this review is to provide insight of the characters played by the SphK/S1P axis throughout diverse viral infection processes. We then assess potential therapeutic methods that are based on S1P signalling and metabolism during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Erya Xiao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Yoshida K, Morishima Y, Ano S, Sakurai H, Kuramoto K, Tsunoda Y, Yazaki K, Nakajima M, Sherpa MT, Matsuyama M, Kiwamoto T, Matsuno Y, Ishii Y, Hayashi A, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Hizawa N. ELOVL6 deficiency aggravates allergic airway inflammation through the ceramide-S1P pathway in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 151:1067-1080.e9. [PMID: 36592705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), an enzyme regulating elongation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with C12 to C16 to those with C18, has been recently indicated to affect various immune and inflammatory responses; however, the precise process by which ELOVL6-related lipid dysregulation affects allergic airway inflammation is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the biological roles of ELOVL6 in allergic airway responses and investigate whether regulating lipid composition in the airways could be an alternative treatment for asthma. METHODS Expressions of ELOVL6 and other isoforms were examined in the airways of patients who are severely asthmatic and in mouse models of asthma. Wild-type and ELOVL6-deficient (Elovl6-/-) mice were analyzed for ovalbumin-induced, and also for house dust mite-induced, allergic airway inflammation by cell biological and biochemical approaches. RESULTS ELOVL6 expression was downregulated in the bronchial epithelium of patients who are severely asthmatic compared with controls. In asthmatic mice, ELOVL6 deficiency led to enhanced airway inflammation in which lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes was increased, and both type 2 and non-type 2 immune responses were upregulated. Lipidomic profiling revealed that the levels of palmitic acid, ceramides, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were higher in the lungs of ovalbumin-immunized Elovl6-/- mice compared with those of wild-type mice, while the aggravated airway inflammation was ameliorated by treatment with fumonisin B1 or DL-threo-dihydrosphingosine, inhibitors of ceramide synthase and sphingosine kinase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates a crucial role for ELOVL6 in controlling allergic airway inflammation via regulation of fatty acid composition and ceramide-sphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthesis and indicates that ELOVL6 may be a novel therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kasumigaura Medical Center, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakurai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenya Kuramoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tsunoda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kai Yazaki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mingma Thering Sherpa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Hayashi
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Mishima, Osaka, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Pernaa N, Keskitalo S, Chowdhury I, Nissinen A, Glumoff V, Keski-Filppula R, Junttila J, Eklund KK, Santaniemi W, Siitonen S, Seppänen MRJ, Vähäsalo P, Varjosalo M, Åström P, Hautala T. Heterozygous premature termination in zinc-finger domain of Krüppel-like factor 2 gene associates with dysregulated immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819929. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor with significant roles in development, maturation, differentiation, and proliferation of several cell types. In immune cells, KLF2 regulates maturation and trafficking of lymphocytes and monocytes. KLF2 participates in regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to KLF2 genetic variant has been suggested, genetic role of KLF2 associated with immune dysregulation has not been described. We identified a family whose members suffered from lymphopenia, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Whole exome sequencing revealed a KLF2 p.(Glu318Argfs*87) mutation disrupting the highly conserved zinc finger domain. We show a reduced amount of KLF2 protein, defective nuclear localization and altered protein-protein interactome. The phenotypically variable positive cases presented with B and T cell lymphopenia and abnormalities in B and T cell maturation including low naive T cell counts and low CD27+IgD-IgM- switched memory B cells. KLF2 target gene (CD62L) expression was affected. Although the percentage of (CD25+FOXP3+, CD25+CD127-) regulatory T cells (Treg) was high, the naive Treg cells (CD45RA+) were absent. Serum IgG1 levels were low and findings in one case were consistent with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Transcription of NF-κβ pathway genes and p65/RelA phosphorylation were not significantly affected. Inflammasome activity, transcription of genes related with JAK/STAT pathway and interferon signature were also comparable to controls. Evidence of PAH was not found. In conclusion, KLF2 variant may be associated with familial immune dysregulation. Although the KLF2 deficient family members in our study suffered from lymphopenia, autoimmunity or malignancy, additional study cohorts are required to confirm our observations.
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Eriksson M, Nylén S, Grönvik KO. T cell kinetics reveal expansion of distinct lung T cell subsets in acute versus in resolved influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949299. [PMID: 36275685 PMCID: PMC9582761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is restricted to airway-associated tissues and elicits both cellular and humoral responses ultimately resulting in generation of memory cells able to initiate a rapid immune response against re-infections. Resident memory T cells confer protection at the site of infection where lung-resident memory T cells are important for protecting the host against homologous and heterologous influenza virus infections. Mapping kinetics of local and systemic T cell memory formation is needed to better understand the role different T cells have in viral control and protection. After infecting BALB/c mice with influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 the main proportion of activated T cells and B cells expressing the early activation marker CD69 was detected in lungs and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes. Increased frequencies of activated cells were also observed in the peripheral lymphoid organs spleen, inguinal lymph nodes and mesenteric lymph nodes. Likewise, antigen-specific T cells were most abundant in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes but present in all organs studied. CD8+CD103-CD49a+ lung-resident T cells expanded simultaneously with timing of viral clearance whereas CD8+CD103+CD49a+ lung-resident T cells was the most abundant subset after resolution of infection and antigen-specific, lung-resident T cells were detected up to seven months after infection. In conclusion, the results in this detailed kinetic study demonstrate that influenza virus infection elicits adaptive immune responses mainly in respiratory tract-associated tissues and that distinct subsets of lung-resident T cells expand at different time points during infection. These findings contribute to the understanding of the adaptive immune response locally and systemically following influenza virus infection and call for further studies on the roles of the lung-resident T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Malin Eriksson,
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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West HC, Davies J, Henderson S, Adegun OK, Ward S, Ferrer IR, Tye CA, Vallejo AF, Jardine L, Collin M, Polak ME, Bennett CL. Loss of T cell tolerance in the skin following immunopathology is linked to failed restoration of the dermal niche by recruited macrophages. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110819. [PMID: 35584681 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell pathology in the skin leads to monocyte influx, but we have little understanding of the fate of recruited cells within the diseased niche, or the long-term impact on cutaneous immune homeostasis. By combining a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) with analysis of patient samples, we demonstrate that pathology initiates dermis-specific macrophage differentiation and show that aGVHD-primed macrophages continue to dominate the dermal compartment at the relative expense of quiescent MHCIIint cells. Exposure of the altered dermal niche to topical haptens after disease resolution results in hyper-activation of regulatory T cells (Treg), but local breakdown in tolerance. Disease-imprinted macrophages express increased IL-1β and are predicted to elicit altered TNF superfamily interactions with cutaneous Treg, and we demonstrate the direct loss of T cell regulation within the resolved skin. Thus, T cell pathology leaves an immunological scar in the skin marked by failure to re-set immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C West
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - James Davies
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Oluyori K Adegun
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophie Ward
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ivana R Ferrer
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Chanidapa A Tye
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew Collin
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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10
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-targeted therapeutics in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:335-351. [PMID: 35508810 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts via G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs), is a bioactive lipid essential for vascular integrity and lymphocyte trafficking. The S1P-S1PR signalling axis is a key component of the inflammatory response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Several drugs that target S1PRs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease and are under clinical testing for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Preclinical studies support the hypothesis that targeting the S1P-S1PR axis would be beneficial to patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by reducing pathological inflammation. Whereas most preclinical research and development efforts are focused on reducing lymphocyte trafficking, protective effects of circulating S1P on endothelial S1PRs, which maintain the vascular barrier and enable blood circulation while dampening leukocyte extravasation, have been largely overlooked. In this Review, we take a holistic view of S1P-S1PR signalling in lymphocyte and vascular pathobiology. We focus on the potential of S1PR modulators for the treatment of SLE, RA and SSc and summarize the rationale, pathobiology and evidence from preclinical models and clinical studies. Improved understanding of S1P pathobiology in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and S1PR therapeutic modulation is anticipated to lead to efficacious and safer management of these diseases.
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11
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Prendergast CT, Benson RA, Scales HE, Bonilha CS, Cole JJ, McInnes I, Brewer JM, Garside P. Dissecting the molecular control of immune cell accumulation in the inflamed joint. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e151281. [PMID: 35192549 PMCID: PMC9057592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms governing entry and exit of immune cells into and out of inflamed joints remain poorly understood. We sought herein to identify the key molecular pathways regulating such migration. Using murine models of inflammation in conjunction with mice expressing a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, we characterized the migration of cells from joints to draining lymph nodes and performed RNA-Seq analysis on isolated cells, identifying genes associated with migration and retention. We further refined the gene list to those specific for joint inflammation. RNA-Seq data revealed pathways and genes previously highlighted as characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis in patient studies, validating the methodology. Focusing on pathways associated with cell migration, adhesion, and movement, we identified genes involved in the retention of immune cells in the inflamed joint, namely junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), and identified a role for such molecules in T cell differentiation in vivo. Thus, using a combination of cell-tracking approaches and murine models of inflammatory arthritis, we identified genes, pathways, and anatomically specific tissue signatures regulating cell migration in a variety of inflamed sites. This skin- and joint-specific data set will be an invaluable resource for the identification of therapeutic targets for arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
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12
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Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) in Immune Cell Migration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101171. [PMID: 34696279 PMCID: PMC8539188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor of the krüppel-like family, is a key regulator of activation, differentiation, and migration processes in various cell types. In this review, we focus on the functional relevance of KLF2 in immune cell migration and homing. We summarize the key functions of KLF2 in the regulation of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules and discuss the relevance of the KLF2-mediated control of immune cell migration in the context of immune responses, infections, and diseases.
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13
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Sakai T, Herrmann N, Maintz L, Nümm TJ, Welchowski T, Claus RA, Gräler MH, Bieber T. Serum sphingosine-1-phosphate is elevated in atopic dermatitis and associated with severity. Allergy 2021; 76:2592-2595. [PMID: 33764548 DOI: 10.1111/all.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakai
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Nadine Herrmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Laura Maintz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Tim Joachim Nümm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Thomas Welchowski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Medical Biometry Informatics and Epidemiology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Ralf A. Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and the Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), and the Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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Kumar V. Understanding the complexities of SARS-CoV2 infection and its immunology: A road to immune-based therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106980. [PMID: 33182073 PMCID: PMC7843151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases always pose a threat to humans along with plant and animal life. SARS-CoV2 is the recently emerged viral infection that originated from Wuhan city of the Republic of China in December 2019. Now, it has become a pandemic. Currently, SARS-CoV2 has infected more than 27.74 million people worldwide, and taken 901,928 human lives. It was named first 'WH 1 Human CoV' and later changed to 2019 novel CoV (2019-nCoV). Scientists have established it as a zoonotic viral disease emerged from Chinese horseshoe bats, which do not develop a severe infection. For example, Rhinolophus Chinese horseshoe bats harboring severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) or SARSr-Rh-BatCoV appear healthy and clear the virus within 2-4 months period. The article introduces first the concept of EIDs and some past EIDs, which have affected human life. Next section discusses mysteries regarding SARS-CoV2 origin, its evolution, and human transfer. Third section describes COVID-19 clinical symptoms and factors affecting susceptibility or resistance. The fourth section introduces the SARS-CoV2 entry in the host cell, its replication, and the establishment of productive infection. Section five describes the host's immune response associated with asymptomatic, symptomatic, mild to moderate, and severe COVID-19. The subsequent seventh and eighth sections mention the immune status in COVID-19 convalescent patients and re-emergence of COVID-19 in them. Thereafter, the eighth section describes viral strategies to hijack the host antiviral immune response and generate the "cytokine storm". The ninth section describes about transgenic humane ACE2 (hACE2) receptor expressing mice to study immunity, drugs, and vaccines. The article ends with the development of different immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutics strategies, including vaccines waiting for their approval in humans as prophylaxis or treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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15
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Squillace S, Spiegel S, Salvemini D. Targeting the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Axis for Developing Non-narcotic Pain Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:851-867. [PMID: 33010954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a life-altering condition affecting millions of people. Current treatments are inadequate and prolonged therapies come with severe side effects, especially dependence and addiction to opiates. Identification of non-narcotic analgesics is of paramount importance. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism alterations contribute to neuropathic pain development. Functional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonists, such as FTY720/fingolimod, used clinically for non-pain conditions, are emerging as non-narcotic analgesics, supporting the repurposing of fingolimod for chronic pain treatment and energizing drug discovery focused on S1P signaling. Here, we summarize the role of S1P in pain to highlight the potential of targeting the S1P axis towards development of non-narcotic therapeutics, which, in turn, will hopefully help lessen misuse of opioid pain medications and address the ongoing opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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16
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Cas MD, Roda G, Li F, Secundo F. Functional Lipids in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3074. [PMID: 32349258 PMCID: PMC7246500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are apolar small molecules known not only as components of cell membranes but also, in recent literature, as modulators of different biological functions. Herein, we focused on the bioactive lipids that can influence the immune responses and inflammatory processes regulating vascular hyperreactivity, pain, leukocyte trafficking, and clearance. In the case of excessive pro-inflammatory lipid activity, these lipids also contribute to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation. Based on their biochemical function, these lipids can be divided into different families, including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids. These bioactive lipids are involved in all phases of the inflammatory process and the pathophysiology of different chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20131 Milan, Italy
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17
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Cartier A, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science 2020; 366:366/6463/eaar5551. [PMID: 31624181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple diseases. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in this field, in part because of multidisciplinary research focused on this lipid mediator and the application of S1PR-targeted drugs in clinical medicine. This has revealed fundamental principles of lysophospholipid mediator signaling that not only clarify the complex and wide ranging actions of S1P but also guide the development of therapeutics and translational directions in immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Blackmore D, Li L, Wang N, Maksymowych W, Yacyshyn E, Siddiqi ZA. Metabolomic profile overlap in prototypical autoimmune humoral disease: a comparison of myasthenia gravis and rheumatoid arthritis. Metabolomics 2020; 16:10. [PMID: 31902059 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are examples of antibody-mediated chronic, progressive autoimmune diseases. Phenotypically dissimilar, MG and RA share common immunological features. However, the immunometabolomic features common to humoral autoimmune diseases remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to reveal and illustrate the metabolomic profile overlap found between these two diseases and describe the immunometabolomic significance. METHODS Metabolic analyses using acid- and dansyl-labelled was performed on serum from adult patients with seropositive MG (n = 46), RA (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 49) presenting to the University of Alberta Hospital specialty clinics. Chemical isotope labelling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS) methods were utilized to assess the serum metabolome in patients; 12C/13C-dansyl chloride (DnsCl) was used to label amine/phenol metabolites and 12C/13C-p-dimethylaminophenacyl bromide (DmPA) was used for carboxylic acids. Metabolites matching our criteria for significance were selected if they were present in both groups. Multivariate statistical analysis [including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] and biochemical pathway analysis was then conducted to gain understanding of the principal pathways involved in antibody-mediated pathogenesis. RESULTS We found 20 metabolites dysregulated in both MG and RA when compared to healthy controls. Most prominently, observed changes were related to pathways associated with phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. CONCLUSION From these results it is evident that many metabolites are common to humoral disease and exhibit significant immunometabolomic properties. This observation may lead to an enhanced understanding of the metabolic underpinnings common to antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Further, contextualizing these findings within a larger clinical and systems biology context could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Blackmore
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Walter Maksymowych
- 568A Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zaeem A Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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19
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Where to Stand with Stromal Cells and Chronic Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101257. [PMID: 31618926 PMCID: PMC6829866 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovium exercises its main function in joint homeostasis through the secretion of factors (such as lubricin and hyaluronic acid) that are critical for the joint lubrication and function. The main synovium cell components are fibroblast-like synoviocytes, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and macrophage-like synovial cells. In the synovium, cells of mesenchymal origin modulate local inflammation and fibrosis, and interact with different fibroblast subtypes and with resident macrophages. In pathologic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferate abnormally, recruit mesenchymal stem cells from subchondral bone marrow, and influence immune cell activity through epigenetic and metabolic adaptations. The resulting synovial hyperplasia leads to secondary cartilage destruction, joint swelling, and pain. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular signature and the roles of stromal cells during synovial pannus formation and rheumatoid arthritis progression.
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20
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Lunardi C. Long Non-Coding RNAs Target Pathogenetically Relevant Genes and Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080816. [PMID: 31382516 PMCID: PMC6721587 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease driven by genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a key component of the epigenetic mechanisms and are known to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this work we aimed to identify significantly differentially expressed LncRNAs (DE-LncRNAs) that are functionally connected to modulated genes strictly associated with RA. In total, 542,500 transcripts have been profiled in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from four patients with early onset RA prior any treatment and four healthy donors using Clariom D arrays. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR in 20 patients and 20 controls. Six DE-LncRNAs target experimentally validated miRNAs able to regulate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA; among them, only FTX, HNRNPU-AS1 and RP11-498C9.15 targeted a large number of DEGs. Most importantly, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the largest number of signalling pathways that were found to be enriched by the global amount of RA-DEGs and that have already been associated with RA and RA-synoviocytes. Moreover, RP11-498C9.15 targeted the most highly connected genes in the RA interactome, thus suggesting its involvement in crucial gene regulation. These results indicate that, by modulating both microRNAs and gene expression, RP11-498C9.15 may play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Histology, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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21
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Yang X, Ye A, Chen L, Xia Y, Jiang W, Sun W. Involvement of calcium in 50-Hz magnetic field-induced activation of sphingosine kinase 1 signaling pathway. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:180-187. [PMID: 30920672 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we found that exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) could induce human amniotic epithelial (FL) cell proliferation and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) activation, but the mechanism was not clearly understood. In the present study, the possible signaling pathways which were involved in SK1 activation induced by 50-Hz MF exposure were investigated. Results showed that MF exposure increased intracellular Ca2+ which was dependent on the L-type calcium channel, and induced Ca2+ -dependent phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), SK1, and protein kinase C α (PKCα). Also, treatment with U0126, an inhibitor of ERK, could block MF-induced SK1 phosphorylation, but had no effect on PKCα phosphorylation. Also, the inhibitor of PKCα, Gö6976, had no effect on MF-induced SK1 activation in FL cells. In addition, the activation of ERK and PKCα could be abolished by SKI II, the inhibitor of SK1. In conclusion, the intracellular Ca2+ mediated the 50-Hz MF-induced SK1 activation which enhanced PKCα phosphorylation, and there might be a feedback mechanism between SK1 and ERK activation in responding to MF exposure in FL cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 9999:XX-XX, 2019. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anfang Ye
- Department of Occupational Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjing Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongpeng Xia
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Occupational Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Ren X, Wu J, Levin D, Santos S, de Faria RL, Zhang M, Lin F. Sputum from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients inhibits T cell migration in a microfluidic device. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1445:52-61. [PMID: 30891781 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by narrowed airways, resulting in serious breathing difficulty. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammatory infiltration of leukocytes in the airway is associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. In the present study, we employed a microfluidic approach to assess the effect of COPD sputum on activated human peripheral blood T cell migration and chemotaxis under well-controlled gradient conditions. Our results showed considerable basal migration of T cells derived from peripheral blood of COPD patients and healthy controls in the medium control groups. By contrast, the migration of T cells from COPD patients and healthy controls was significantly inhibited in the presence of a gradient of sputum supernatant from COPD patients. Furthermore, chemotaxis of T cells from COPD patients or healthy subjects toward an SDF-1α gradient was clearly inhibited by sputum samples from the COPD patients. The inhibition effect revealed by the microfluidic cell migration experiments provides new information about the complex involvement of T cell trafficking in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susy Santos
- The Victoria Institute of Clinical Research & Evaluation, Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ricardo Lobato de Faria
- Department of Emergency and Wellness Institute, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Wellness Institute, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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23
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Hopkin SJ, Lewis JW, Krautter F, Chimen M, McGettrick HM. Triggering the Resolution of Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Can Targeting Leukocyte Migration Be the Answer? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:184. [PMID: 30881306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a pivotal process in the regulation and resolution of an inflammatory episode. It is vital for the protective responses to microbial infection and tissue damage, but is the unwanted reaction contributing to pathology in many immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Indeed, it is now recognized that patients with IMIDs have defects in at least one, if not multiple, check-points regulating the entry and exit of leukocytes from the inflamed site. In this review, we will explore our understanding of the imbalance in recruitment that permits the accumulation and persistence of leukocytes in IMIDs. We will highlight old and novel pharmacological tools targeting these processes in an attempt to trigger resolution of the inflammatory response. In this context, we will focus on cytokines, chemokines, known pro-resolving lipid mediators and potential novel lipids (e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate), along with the actions of glucocorticoids mediated by 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Hopkin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Lewis
- Rheumatology Research Group, Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Arthritis Research UK Centre of Excellence in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Buckley CD, McGettrick HM. Leukocyte trafficking between stromal compartments: lessons from rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:476-487. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Gray JI, Westerhof LM, MacLeod MKL. The roles of resident, central and effector memory CD4 T-cells in protective immunity following infection or vaccination. Immunology 2018; 154:574-581. [PMID: 29570776 PMCID: PMC6050220 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory provides rapid protection to pathogens previously encountered through infection or vaccination. CD4 T-cells play a central role in all adaptive immune responses. Vaccines must, therefore, activate CD4 T-cells if they are to generate protective immunity. For many diseases, we do not have effective vaccines. These include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and malaria, which are responsible for many millions of deaths each year across the globe. CD4 T-cells play many different roles during the immune response coordinating the actions of many other cells. In order to harness the diverse protective effects of memory CD4 T-cells, we need to understand how memory CD4 T-cells are generated and how they protect the host. Here we review recent findings on the location of different subsets of memory CD4 T-cells that are found in peripheral tissues (tissue resident memory T-cells) and in the circulation (central and effector memory T-cells). We discuss the generation of these cells, and the evidence that demonstrates how they provide immune protection in animal and human challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I. Gray
- Centre for ImmunobiologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lotus M. Westerhof
- Centre for ImmunobiologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- GLAZgo Discovery CentreInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Megan K. L. MacLeod
- Centre for ImmunobiologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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