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Wilcox NC, Taheri G, Halievski K, Talbot S, Silva JR, Ghasemlou N. Interactions between skin-resident dendritic and Langerhans cells and pain-sensing neurons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:11-19. [PMID: 38492673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Various immune cells in the skin contribute to its function as a first line of defense against infection and disease, and the skin's dense innervation by pain-sensing sensory neurons protects the host against injury or damage signals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that link the innate immune response to the adaptive response by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to promote T-cell differentiation and activation. DCs are abundant across peripheral tissues, including the skin, where they are found in the dermis and epidermis. Langerhans cells (LCs) are a DC subset located only in the epidermis; both populations of cells can migrate to lymph nodes to contribute to broad immune responses. Dermal DCs and LCs are found in close apposition with sensory nerve fibers in the skin and express neurotransmitter receptors, allowing them to communicate directly with the peripheral nervous system. Thus, neuroimmune signaling between DCs and/or LCs and sensory neurons can modulate physiologic and pathophysiologic pathways, including immune cell regulation, host defense, allergic response, homeostasis, and wound repair. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries on DC- and LC-neuron interaction with neurons while providing an overview of gaps and areas not previously explored. Understanding the interactions between these 2 defence systems may provide key insight into developing therapeutic targets for treating diseases such as psoriasis, neuropathic pain, and lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Wilcox
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Golnar Taheri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Halievski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaqueline R Silva
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Imtiyaz Z, Bhopale VM, Arya AK, Bhat AR, Thom SR. Microparticles in Human Perspiration as an Inflammatory Response Index. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1293. [PMID: 38928708 PMCID: PMC11203027 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A blood component analysis is an early step for evaluating inflammatory disorders, but it can be unfeasible in some settings. This pilot study assessed whether extracellular vesicle (EV) changes in perspiration are parallel to those occurring in blood as an alternative or complementary option to diagnose an inflammatory response. In parallel studies, EVs were analyzed in perspiration and blood obtained before and after five self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) divers at the National Aquarium in Baltimore performed a dive to 3.98 m of sea water for 40 min, and five non-divers performed an exercise routine at ambient atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrated that microparticles (MPs) are present in perspiration, their numbers increase in the blood in response to SCUBA diving, and the interleukin (IL)-1β content increases. In contrast, while blood-borne MPs became elevated in response to terrestrial exercise, no statistically significant increases occurred in perspiration, and there were no changes in IL-1β. There were no statistically significant elevations in the exosomes in perspiration or blood in response to SCUBA diving and few changes following terrestrial exercise. These findings suggest that an MP perspiration analysis could be a non-invasive method for detecting inflammatory responses that can occur due to the oxidative stress associated with SCUBA diving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.I.); (V.M.B.); (A.K.A.); (A.R.B.)
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Kim MJ, Ryu H, Jeong HH, Van JY, Hwang JY, Kim AR, Seo J, Moon KM, Jung WK, Lee B. The beneficial effects of ethanolic extract of Sargassum serratifolium in DNCB-induced mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12874. [PMID: 38834629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic complex inflammatory skin disorder that requires sustainable treatment methods due to the limited efficacy of conventional therapies. Sargassum serratifolium, an algal species with diverse bioactive substances, is investigated in this study for its potential benefits as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis. RNA sequencing of LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with ethanolic extract of Sargassum serratifolium (ESS) revealed its ability to inhibit a broad range of inflammation-related signaling, which was proven in RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells. In DNCB-induced BALB/c or HR-1 mice, ESS treatment improved symptoms of atopic dermatitis within the skin, along with histological improvements such as reduced epidermal thickness and infiltration of mast cells. ESS showed a tendency to improve serum IgE levels and inflammation-related cytokine changes, while also improving the mRNA expression levels of Chi3l3, Ccr1, and Fcεr1a genes in the skin. Additionally, ESS compounds (sargachromanol (SCM), sargaquinoic acid (SQA), and sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA)) mitigated inflammatory responses in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. In summary, ESS has an anti-inflammatory effect and improves atopic dermatitis, ESS may be applied as a therapeutics for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeon Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hak Jeong
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Van
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Seo
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeondong, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Mamun AA, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395479. [PMID: 38835782 PMCID: PMC11148235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities. The occurrence and frequency of prolonged wounds are on the rise as a result of aging people, hence contributing to escalated expenditures within the healthcare system. The clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic wounds continue to pose challenges despite the advancement of different therapeutic approaches. This is mainly owing to the prolonged treatment duration and intricate processes involved in wound healing. Many conventional methods, such as the administration of growth factors, the use of wound dressings, and the application of skin grafts, are used to ease the process of wound healing across diverse wound types. Nevertheless, these therapeutic approaches may only be practical for some wounds, highlighting the need to advance alternative treatment modalities. Novel wound care technologies, such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell treatment, and 3D bioprinting, aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, prioritize skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in chronic wound healing and therapeutic management using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Macrophage Functions in Psoriasis: Lessons from Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5306. [PMID: 38791342 PMCID: PMC11121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic autoimmune/autoinflammatory disease that can be well studied in established mouse models. Skin-resident macrophages are classified into epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal macrophages and are involved in innate immunity, orchestration of adaptive immunity, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis due to their ability to constantly shift their phenotype and adapt to the current microenvironment. Consequently, both macrophage populations play dual roles in psoriasis. In some circumstances, pro-inflammatory activated macrophages and Langerhans cells trigger psoriatic inflammation, while in other cases their anti-inflammatory stimulation results in amelioration of the disease. These features make macrophages interesting candidates for modern therapeutic strategies. Owing to the significant progress in knowledge, our review article summarizes current achievements and indicates future research directions to better understand the function of macrophages in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
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Jiao Q, Zhi L, You B, Wang G, Wu N, Jia Y. Skin homeostasis: Mechanism and influencing factors. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1518-1526. [PMID: 38409936 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is the largest organ in the human body, not only resisting the invasion of harmful substances, but also preventing the loss of moisture and nutrients. Maintaining skin homeostasis is a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the body. Any damage to the skin can lead to a decrease in local homeostasis, such as ultraviolet radiation, seasonal changes, and air pollution, which can damage the skin tissue and affect the function of the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the maintenance mechanism and influencing factors of skin homeostasis and the symptoms of homeostasis imbalance. METHODS We searched for articles published between 1990 and 2022 in English and Chinese using PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and other databases in the subject area of dermatology, using the following search terms in various combinations: "skin homeostasis," "skin barrier," and "unstable skin." Based on our results, we further refined our search criteria to include a series of common skin problems caused by the destruction of skin homeostasis and its treatments. Limitations include the lack of research on dermatological and cosmetic problems triggered by the disruption of skin homeostasis. RESULTS This study describes the neuroendocrine-immune system, skin barrier structure, and skin metabolic system that maintain skin homeostasis. In addition, we discuss several common symptoms that occur when skin homeostasis is out of balance, such as dryness, redness, acne, sensitivity, and aging, and explain the mechanism of these symptoms. CONCLUSION This article provides an update and review for students and practitioners, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of skin care products for the maintenance and repair of skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Zhi
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing You
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Nan Wu
- R&D Center, PeiLai Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Chen X, He P, Wang X, Xu Y, Hu R, Ou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Du G, Sun X. Transdermal Microneedles Alleviated Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing Immune Tolerance via Skin-Resident Antigen Presenting Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307366. [PMID: 38039446 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Restoring immune tolerance is the ultimate goal for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The most reported oral or intravenous injection routes for the immunization of autoantigens cause gastrointestinal side effects, low patient compliance, and unsatisfied immune tolerance induction. Herein, the use of a transdermal microneedle patch is for the first time investigated to codeliver CII peptide autoantigen and rapamycin for reversing immune disorders of RA. The immunized microneedles efficiently recruit antigen-presenting cells particularly Langerhans cells, and induce tolerogenic dendritic cells at the administration skin site. The tolerogenic dendritic cells further homing to lymph nodes to activate systemic Treg cell differentiation, which upregulates the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators while inhibiting the polarization of Th1/2 and Th17 T cell phenotypes and the expression of inflammatory profiles. As a result, the optimized microneedles nearly completely eliminate RA symptoms and inflammatory infiltrations. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a low dose of rapamycin is crucial for the successful induction of immune tolerance. The results indicate that a rationally designed microneedle patch is a promising strategy for immune balance restoration with increased immune tolerance induction efficiency and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Penghui He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangsen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Guo Z, Murakami M, Saito K, Kato H, Toriyama M, Tominaga M, Ishii KJ, Fujita F. Integrin α5 regulates motility of human monocyte-derived Langerhans cells during immune response. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15021. [PMID: 38429832 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are mainly present in the epidermis and mucosa, and have important roles during skin infection. Migration of LCs to lymph nodes is essential for antigen presentation. However, due to the difficulties in isolating and culturing human LCs, it is not fully understood how LCs move and interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) through their adhesion molecules such as integrin, during the immune responses. In this study, we aimed to investigate LC motility, cell shape and the role of integrin under inflammatory conditions using monocyte-derived Langerhans cells (moLCs) as a model. As a result, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increased adhesion on fibronectin coated substrate and integrin α5 expression in moLCs. Time-lapse imaging of moLCs revealed that stimulation with LPS elongated cell shape, whilst decreasing their motility. Additionally, this decrease in motility was not observed when pre-treated with a neutralising antibody targeting integrin α5. Together, our data suggested that activation of LCs decreases their motility by promoting integrin α5 expression to enhance their affinity to the fibronectin, which may contribute to their migration during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Guo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Skin Care Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Technology Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Toriyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Technology Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Elfstrum AK, Bapat AS, Schwertfeger KL. Defining and targeting macrophage heterogeneity in the mammary gland and breast cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7053. [PMID: 38426622 PMCID: PMC10905685 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages are innate immune cells that are associated with extensive phenotypic and functional plasticity and contribute to normal development, tissue homeostasis, and diseases such as cancer. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of tissue resident macrophages in the normal mammary gland and tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. Tissue resident macrophages are required for mammary gland development, where they have been implicated in promoting extracellular matrix remodeling, apoptotic clearance, and cellular crosstalk. In the context of cancer, tumor-associated macrophages are key drivers of growth and metastasis via their ability to promote matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immunosuppression. METHOD We identified and summarized studies in Pubmed that describe the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of macrophages and the implications of targeting individual subsets, specifically in the context of mammary gland development and breast cancer. We also identified and summarized recent studies using single-cell RNA sequencing to identify and describe macrophage subsets in human breast cancer samples. RESULTS Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have yielded nuances in macrophage heterogeneity, with numerous macrophage subsets identified in both the normal mammary gland and breast cancer tissue. Macrophage subsets contribute to mammary gland development and breast cancer progression in differing ways, and emerging studies highlight a role for spatial localization in modulating their phenotype and function. CONCLUSION Understanding macrophage heterogeneity and the unique functions of each subset in both normal mammary gland development and breast cancer progression may lead to more promising targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis K. Elfstrum
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Aditi S. Bapat
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Graduate ProgramUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Ständer S, Luger T, Kim B, Lerner E, Metz M, Adiri R, Canosa JM, Cha A, Yosipovitch G. Cutaneous Components Leading to Pruritus, Pain, and Neurosensitivity in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:45-57. [PMID: 38182845 PMCID: PMC10828226 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing immunoinflammatory skin condition characterized by sensations such as pruritis, pain, and neuronal hypersensitivity. The mechanisms underlying these sensations are multifactorial and involve complex crosstalk among several cutaneous components. This review explores the role these components play in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. In the skin intercellular spaces, sensory nerves interact with keratinocytes and immune cells via myriad mediators and receptors. These interactions generate action potentials that transmit pruritis and pain signals from the peripheral nervous system to the brain. Keratinocytes, the most abundant cell type in the epidermis, are key effector cells, triggering crosstalk with immune cells and sensory neurons to elicit pruritis, pain, and inflammation. Filaggrin expression by keratinocytes is reduced in atopic dermatitis, causing a weakened skin barrier and elevated skin pH. Fibroblasts are the main cell type in the dermis and, in atopic dermatitis, appear to reduce keratinocyte differentiation, further weakening the skin barrier. Fibroblasts and mast cells promote inflammation while dermal dendritic cells appear to attenuate inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a major role in AD pathogenesis. Type 2 immune responses typically generate pruritis, and the type 1 and type 3 responses generate pain. Type 2 responses and increased skin pH contribute to barrier dysfunction and promote dysbiosis of the skin microbiome, causing the proliferation of Staphyloccocus aureus. In conclusion, understanding the dynamic interactions between cutaneous components in AD could drive the development of therapies to improve the quality of life for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Brian Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Lerner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roni Adiri
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Israel Ltd, Herzliya Pituach, Israel
| | | | - Amy Cha
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
- Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Liljedahl ER, Gliga A, de Paula HK, Engfeldt M, Julander A, Lidén C, Lindh C, Broberg K. Inflammation-related proteins in blood after dermal exposure to some common chemicals depend on the skin barrier gene filaggrin - a human experimental study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104346. [PMID: 38135200 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Filaggrin (FLG), a skin barrier protein, is associated with higher dermal uptake of some chemicals in carriers of loss-of-function (null) mutations. This study investigates FLG mutations and systemic effects following dermal exposure to chemicals. Individuals (n = 23 FLG null, n = 31 FLG wt) were simultaneously exposed to pyrimethanil, pyrene, oxybenzone, and nickel ions for 4 h. Pre- and post-exposure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3, LC-MS/MS) and 92 inflammation-related proteins (proximity-extension assay) were measured. FLG null carriers exhibited significantly higher 25(OH)D3 concentrations than wt carriers, both pre- and post-exposure. Eleven proteins differed in abundance post- vs pre-exposure among FLG null carriers, and 22 proteins among wt carriers (three proteins overlapped). Twelve proteins showed median differences (post- vs pre-exposure) between FLG null and wt carriers. Overall, FLG null carriers showed an increase, while FLG wt carriers showed a decrease in inflammation-related proteins. These findings suggest FLG-dependent differences in susceptibility to systemic effects following simultaneous dermal chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Rietz Liljedahl
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anda Gliga
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Korres de Paula
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anneli Julander
- Sustainable Working life, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carola Lidén
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Bai R, Guo Y, Liu W, Song Y, Yu Z, Ma X. The Roles of WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Mechanical-Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1702. [PMID: 38136575 PMCID: PMC10741662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway. In light of the above, a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in different physiological and pathological states of the skin holds the potential to significantly advance clinical treatments of skin-related diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in skin development, wound healing, and mechanical stretching. Our review sheds new light on the crucial role of the WNT signaling pathway in the regulation of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaotao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of The Cadet Team 6, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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13
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Czyz CM, Kunth PW, Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Hammers CM, Hundt JE. Requisite instruments for the establishment of three-dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents-A methods review. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1870-1883. [PMID: 37605856 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three-dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3-J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE-depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Marie Czyz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Werner Kunth
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Analytical Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Matthias Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Lin G, Wang J, Yang YG, Zhang Y, Sun T. Advances in dendritic cell targeting nano-delivery systems for induction of immune tolerance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1242126. [PMID: 37877041 PMCID: PMC10593475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1242126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs), play a key role in initiating the body's immune response, maintain the balance of immunity. DCs can also induce immune tolerance by rendering effector T cells absent and anergy, and promoting the expansion of regulatory T cells. Induction of tolerogenic DCs has been proved to be a promising strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases by various laboratory researches and clinical trials. The development of nano-delivery systems has led to advances in situ modulation of the tolerance phenotype of DCs. By changing the material composition, particle size, zeta-potential, and surface modification of nanoparticles, nanoparticles can be used for the therapeutic payloads targeted delivery to DCs, endowing them with great potential in the induction of immune tolerance. This paper reviews how nano-delivery systems can be modulated for targeted delivery to DCs and induce immune tolerance and reviews their potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Shafi S, Anjum R, Kaur M, Khajuria N. Langerhans cell expression in oral submucous fibrosis: An immunohistochemical analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:668-673. [PMID: 38304517 PMCID: PMC10829435 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_95_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic cells (DCs) of the epithelium which play a role in an array of oral lesions from gingivitis to oral cancer. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant disorder (PMD), is an insidious chronic disease with juxta-epithelial inflammatory changes leading to fibrosis. LCs may play a part in the ongoing inflammatory dysregulation of OSMF. Objective The study was aimed at elucidating the distribution of LCs in varying grades of OSMF. Materials and Methods A retrospective study using 18 cases of OSMF, graded using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained section. Immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal anti-CD1a antibodies to identify LCs in six cases of normal tissue and 18 samples of OSMF. The distribution of LCs among the various grades and normal mucosa analysed using Student's t-test. Results LC population in the OSMF was significantly higher when compared to the normal epithelium (p < 0.001). Within the grades, the advanced stage had more LCs than the other stages. Conclusion The increase in LCs might indicate the role of antigenic exposure in turn leading to cell-mediated immunity in OSMF. Thus, the fibrosis in OSMF might have a direct link to LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugufta Shafi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rubeena Anjum
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nidhi Khajuria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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16
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Jaber Y, Netanely Y, Naamneh R, Saar O, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Georgiev O, Kles P, Barel O, Horev Y, Yosef O, Eli-Berchoer L, Nadler C, Betser-Cohen G, Shapiro H, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Hovav AH. Langerhans cells shape postnatal oral homeostasis in a mechanical-force-dependent but microbiota and IL17-independent manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5628. [PMID: 37699897 PMCID: PMC10497507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal interaction between microbiota and the immune system establishes lifelong homeostasis at mucosal epithelial barriers, however, the barrier-specific physiological activities that drive the equilibrium are hardly known. During weaning, the oral epithelium, which is monitored by Langerhans cells (LC), is challenged by the development of a microbial plaque and the initiation of masticatory forces capable of damaging the epithelium. Here we show that microbial colonization following birth facilitates the differentiation of oral LCs, setting the stage for the weaning period, in which adaptive immunity develops. Despite the presence of the challenging microbial plaque, LCs mainly respond to masticatory mechanical forces, inducing adaptive immunity, to maintain epithelial integrity that is also associated with naturally occurring alveolar bone loss. Mechanistically, masticatory forces induce the migration of LCs to the lymph nodes, and in return, LCs support the development of immunity to maintain epithelial integrity in a microbiota-independent manner. Unlike in adult life, this bone loss is IL-17-independent, suggesting that the establishment of oral mucosal homeostasis after birth and its maintenance in adult life involve distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jaber
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmine Netanely
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Naamneh
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Saar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Georgiev
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paz Kles
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Yosef
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Betser-Cohen
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Police National HQ, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Microbe & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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17
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Rametse CL, Webb EL, Herrera C, Alinde B, Besethi A, Motaung B, Mbangiwa T, Leach L, Sebaa S, Pillay ADA, Seiphetlo TB, Malhangu B, Petkov S, Else L, Mugaba S, Namubiru P, Odoch G, Opoka D, Serwanga J, Ssemata AS, Kaleebu P, Khoo S, Lebina L, Martinson N, Chiodi F, Fox J, Gray CM. A randomized clinical trial of on-demand oral pre-exposure prophylaxis does not modulate lymphoid/myeloid HIV target cell density in the foreskin. AIDS 2023; 37:1651-1659. [PMID: 37289572 PMCID: PMC11175721 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As topical pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to cause immune modulation in rectal or cervical tissue, our aim was to examine the impact of oral PrEP on lymphoid and myeloid changes in the foreskin in response to dosing and timing of drug administration. DESIGN HIV-negative male individuals ( n = 144) were recruited in South Africa and Uganda into an open-label randomized controlled trial in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to control arm (with no PrEP) or one of eight arms receiving emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) or emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) at one of two different doses, 5 or 21 h before undergoing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). METHODS After dorsal-slit circumcision, foreskin tissue sections were embedded into Optimal Cutting Temperature media and analysed, blinded to trial allocation, to determine numbers of CD4 + CCR5 + , CD1a + cells and claudin-1 expression. Cell densities were correlated with tissue-bound drug metabolites and p24 production after ex-vivo foreskin challenge with HIV-1 bal . RESULTS There was no significant difference in CD4 + CCR5 + or CD1a + cell numbers in foreskins between treatment arms compared with the control arm. Claudin-1 expression was 34% higher ( P = 0.003) in foreskin tissue from participants receiving PrEP relative to controls, but was no longer statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons. There was neither correlation of CD4 + CCR5 + , CD1a + cell numbers, or claudin-1 expression with tissue-bound drug metabolites, nor with p24 production after ex-vivo viral challenge. CONCLUSION Oral doses and timing of on-demand PrEP and in-situ drug metabolite levels in tissue have no effect on numbers or anatomical location of lymphoid or myeloid HIV target cells in foreskin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosnet L. Rametse
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emily L. Webb
- Medical Research Council (MRC) International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Berenice Alinde
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asiphe Besethi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bongani Motaung
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso Mbangiwa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shorok Sebaa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Azure-Dee A.P. Pillay
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thabiso B. Seiphetlo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Boitshoko Malhangu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Else
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan Mugaba
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Patricia Namubiru
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Odoch
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Daniel Opoka
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jennifer Serwanga
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Andrew S. Ssemata
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pontiano Kaleebu
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- University of the Witwatersrand Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil Martinson
- University of the Witwatersrand Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Clive M. Gray
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Hu X, Buhl CS, Sjogaard MB, Schousboe K, Mizrak HI, Kufaishi H, Hansen CS, Yderstræde KB, Jensen TS, Nyengaard JR, Karlsson P. Structural Changes of Cutaneous Immune Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship With Diabetic Polyneuropathy. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200144. [PMID: 37527931 PMCID: PMC10393274 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes characterized by pain or lack of peripheral sensation, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Recent evidence showed increased cutaneous macrophage infiltration in patients with type 2 diabetes and painful DPN, and this study aimed to understand whether the same applies to type 1 diabetes. METHODS The study included 104 participants: 26 healthy controls and 78 participants with type 1 diabetes (participants without DPN [n = 24], participants with painless DPN [n = 29], and participants with painful DPN [n = 25]). Two immune cells, dermal IBA1+ macrophages and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs, CD207+), were visualized and quantified using immunohistological labeling and stereological counting methods on skin biopsies from the participants. The IBA1+ macrophage infiltration, LC number density, LC soma cross-sectional area, and LC processes were measured in this study. RESULTS Significant difference in IBA1+ macrophage expression was seen between the groups (p = 0.003), with lower expression of IBA1 in participants with DPN. No differences in LC morphologies (LC number density, soma cross-sectional area, and process level) were found between the groups (all p > 0.05). In addition, IBA1+ macrophages, but not LCs, correlated with intraepidermal nerve fiber density, Michigan neuropathy symptom inventory, (questionnaire and total score), severity of neuropathy as assessed by the Toronto clinical neuropathy score, and vibration detection threshold in the whole study cohort. DISCUSSION This study showed expressional differences of cutaneous IBA1+ macrophages but not LC in participants with type 1 diabetes-induced DPN compared with those in controls. The study suggests that a reduction in macrophages may play a role in the development and progression of autoimmune-induced diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Christian S Buhl
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Marie B Sjogaard
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Karoline Schousboe
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Hatice I Mizrak
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Huda Kufaishi
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Christian S Hansen
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Knud B Yderstræde
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Pall Karlsson
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark.
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19
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Jang HJ, Lee JB, Yoon JK. Advanced In Vitro Three-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:539-552. [PMID: 36995643 PMCID: PMC10313606 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases that is characterized by eczematous rashes, intense itching, dry skin, and sensitive skin. Although AD significantly impacts the quality of life and the number of patients keeps increasing, its pathological mechanism is still unknown because of its complexity. The importance of developing new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models has been underlined in order to understand the mechanisms for the development of therapeutics since the limitations of 2D models or animal models have been repeatedly reported. Thus, the new in vitro AD models should not only be created in 3D structure, but also reflect the pathological characteristics of AD, which are known to be associated with Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, epidermal barrier disruption, increased dermal T-cell infiltration, filaggrin down-regulation, or microbial imbalance. In this review, we introduce various types of in vitro skin models including 3D culture methods, skin-on-a-chips, and skin organoids, as well as their applications to AD modeling for drug screening and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Jang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Yadav RK, Bock CR, Folahan JT, Siwe-Noundou X, Walker AL, King JA, Buerger C, Huang S, Chamcheu JC. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Cells 2023; 12:1671. [PMID: 37371141 PMCID: PMC10297376 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Improved comprehension of the consequences of the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with inflammatory dermatoses has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and to create more effective preventive and treatment methods for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have revealed that certain natural products and synthetic compounds can obstruct the expression/activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, underscoring their potential in managing common and persistent skin inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and associated components in immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses and discusses the potential of bioactive natural products, synthetic scaffolds, and biologic agents in their prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and develop more effective therapies for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Mohammad B. Uddin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Chelsea R. Bock
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Joy T. Folahan
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Anthony L. Walker
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Judy A. King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
- College of Medicine, Belmont University, 900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Claudia Buerger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinic of the Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
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21
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Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Panayi AC, Lee CAA, Sadigh S, Huelsboemer L, Stoegner VA, Schroeter A, Kern B, Mookerjee V, Lian CG, Tullius SG, Murphy GF, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Cellular activation pathways and interaction networks in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179355. [PMID: 37266446 PMCID: PMC10230044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving field of reconstructive surgery that has revolutionized the treatment of patients with devastating injuries, including those with limb losses or facial disfigurement. The transplanted units are typically comprised of different tissue types, including skin, mucosa, blood and lymphatic vasculature, muscle, and bone. It is widely accepted that the antigenicity of some VCA components, such as skin, is particularly potent in eliciting a strong recipient rejection response following transplantation. The fine line between tolerance and rejection of the graft is orchestrated by different cell types, including both donor and recipient-derived lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune and donor-derived tissue cells (e.g., endothelium). Here, we delineate the role of different cell and tissue types during VCA rejection. Rejection of VCA grafts and the necessity of life-long multidrug immunosuppression remains one of the major challenges in this field. This review sheds light on recent developments in decoding the cellular signature of graft rejection in VCA and how these may, ultimately, influence the clinical management of VCA patients by way of novel therapies that target specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Catherine A. A. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lioba Huelsboemer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Viola A. Stoegner
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vikram Mookerjee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christine G. Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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22
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Toriyama M, Rizaldy D, Nakamura M, Atsumi Y, Toriyama M, Fujita F, Okada F, Morita A, Itoh H, Ishii KJ. Dendritic cell proliferation by primary cilium in atopic dermatitis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1149828. [PMID: 37179569 PMCID: PMC10169737 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1149828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic eczema that affects up to 10% of adults in developed countries. Immune cells in the epidermis, namely, Langerhans cells (LCs), contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, although their exact role(s) in disease remain unclear. Methods: We performed immunostaining on human skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and visualized primary cilium. Result and discussion: We show that human dendritic cells (DCs) and LCs have a previously unknown primary cilium-like structure. The primary cilium was assembled during DC proliferation in response to the Th2 cytokine GM-CSF, and its formation was halted by DC maturation agents. This suggests that the role of primary cilium is to transduce proliferation signaling. The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) pathway, which is known for transducing proliferation signals in the primary cilium, promoted DC proliferation in a manner dependent on the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. We also examined the epidermal samples from AD patients, and observed aberrantly ciliated LCs and keratinocytes in immature and proliferating states. Our results identify a potential relationship between the primary cilium and allergic skin barrier disorders, and suggest that targeting the primary cilium may contribute to treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Toriyama
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Defri Rizaldy
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Motoki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Atsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinori Toriyama
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmacological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Science, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Howell R, Davies J, Clarke MA, Appios A, Mesquita I, Jayal Y, Ringham-Terry B, Boned Del Rio I, Fisher J, Bennett CL. Localized immune surveillance of primary melanoma in the skin deciphered through executable modeling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1992. [PMID: 37043573 PMCID: PMC10096595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
While skin is a site of active immune surveillance, primary melanomas often escape detection. Here, we have developed an in silico model to determine the local cross-talk between melanomas and Langerhans cells (LCs), the primary antigen-presenting cells at the site of melanoma development. The model predicts that melanomas fail to activate LC migration to lymph nodes until tumors reach a critical size, which is determined by a positive TNF-α feedback loop within melanomas, in line with our observations of murine tumors. In silico drug screening, supported by subsequent experimental testing, shows that treatment of primary tumors with MAPK pathway inhibitors may further prevent LC migration. In addition, our in silico model predicts treatment combinations that bypass LC dysfunction. In conclusion, our combined approach of in silico and in vivo studies suggests a molecular mechanism that explains how early melanomas develop under the radar of immune surveillance by LC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew A. Clarke
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Anna Appios
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Inês Mesquita
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yashoda Jayal
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ben Ringham-Terry
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Isabel Boned Del Rio
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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24
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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Garrigues TM, Melero A. Skin drug delivery using lipid vesicles: A starting guideline for their development. J Control Release 2023; 355:624-654. [PMID: 36775245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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25
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de Szalay S, Wertz PW. Protective Barriers Provided by the Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043145. [PMID: 36834554 PMCID: PMC9961209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and consists of an epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The skin surface area is often stated to be about 1.8 to 2 m2 and represents our interface with the environment; however, when one considers that microorganisms live in the hair follicles and can enter sweat ducts, the area that interacts with this aspect of the environment becomes about 25-30 m2. Although all layers of the skin, including the adipose tissue, participate in antimicrobial defense, this review will focus mainly on the role of the antimicrobial factors in the epidermis and at the skin surface. The outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, is physically tough and chemically inert which protects against numerous environmental stresses. It provides a permeability barrier which is attributable to lipids in the intercellular spaces between the corneocytes. In addition to the permeability barrier, there is an innate antimicrobial barrier at the skin surface which involves antimicrobial lipids, peptides and proteins. The skin surface has a low surface pH and is poor in certain nutrients, which limits the range of microorganisms that can survive there. Melanin and trans-urocanic acid provide protection from UV radiation, and Langerhans cells in the epidermis are poised to monitor the local environment and to trigger an immune response as needed. Each of these protective barriers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Szalay
- Sarah de Szalay Consulting, LLC, Wesy Milford, NJ 07480, USA
| | - Philip W. Wertz
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Chen X. Emerging adjuvants for intradermal vaccination. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122559. [PMID: 36586639 PMCID: PMC9794530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of vaccines have been delivered into the muscular tissue. Skin contains large amounts of antigen-presenting cells and has been recognized as a more immunogenic site for vaccine delivery. Intradermal delivery has been approved to improve influenza vaccine efficacy and spare influenza vaccine doses. In response to the recent monkeypox outbreak, intradermal delivery has been also approved to stretch the limited monkeypox vaccine doses to immunize more people at risk. Incorporation of vaccine adjuvants is promising to further increase intradermal vaccine efficacy and spare more vaccine doses. Yet, intradermal vaccination is associated with more significant local reactions than intramuscular vaccination. Thus, adjuvants suitable to boost intradermal vaccination need to have a good local safety without inducing overt local reactions. This review introduces currently approved adjuvants in licensed human vaccines and their relative reactogenicity for intradermal delivery and then introduces emerging chemical and physical adjuvants with a good local safety to boost intradermal vaccination. The rational to develop physical adjuvants, the types of physical adjuvants, and the unique advantages of physical adjuvants to boost intradermal vaccination are also introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Avedisian Hall, Room 480, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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27
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Jugulete G, Cauni V, Dubrac S, Szöllősi AG, Zurac S. Langerhans Cells-Revising Their Role in Skin Pathologies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:2072. [PMID: 36556292 PMCID: PMC9782496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a cellular immune network across the epidermis. Because they are located at the skin barrier, they are considered immune sentinels of the skin. These antigen-presenting cells are capable of migrating to skin draining lymph nodes to prime adaptive immune cells, namely T- and B-lymphocytes, which will ultimately lead to a broad range of immune responses. Moreover, LCs have been shown to possess important roles in the anti-cancer immune responses. Indeed, the literature nicely highlights the role of LCs in melanoma. In line with this, LCs have been found in melanoma tissues where they contribute to the local immune response. Moreover, the immunogenic properties of LCs render them attractive targets for designing vaccines to treat melanoma and autoimmune diseases. Overall, future studies will help to enlarge the portfolio of immune properties of LCs, and aid the prognosis and development of novel therapeutic approaches to treating skin pathologies, including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Jugulete
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Section IX—Pediatrics, “Prof. Dr. Matei Balş” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Cauni
- Department of Urology, Colentina University Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Alimohammadi S, Pénzes Z, Horváth D, Gyetvai Á, Bácsi A, Kis NG, Németh Á, Arany J, Oláh A, Lisztes E, Tóth BI, Bíró T, Szöllősi AG. TRPV4 Activation Increases the Expression of CD207 (Langerin) of Monocyte-Derived Langerhans Cells without Affecting their Maturation. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:801-811.e10. [PMID: 36502939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the sole professional antigen-presenting cell normally found in the human epidermal compartment. Research into their physiological role is hindered by the fact that they are invariably activated during isolation from the skin. To overcome this challenge, we turned to a monocyte-derived LC (moLC) model, which we characterized with RNA sequencing, and compared the transcriptome of moLCs with that of donor-matched immature dendritic cells. We found that moLCs express markers characteristic of LC2 cells as well as TRPV4. TRPV4 is especially important in the skin because it has been linked to the conservation of the skin barrier, immunological responses, as well as acute and chronic itch, but we know little about its function on LCs. Our results show that TRPV4 activation increased the expression of Langerin and led to increased intracellular calcium concentration in moLCs. Regarding the functionality of moLCs, we found that TRPV4 agonism had a mitigating effect on their inflammatory responses because it decreased their cytokine production and T-cell activating capability. Because TRPV4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in dermatological conditions, it is important to highlight LCs as, to our knowledge, a previously unreported target of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gyetvai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Németh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Arany
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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29
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Oleszycka E, Kwiecien K, Kwiecinska P, Morytko A, Pocalun N, Camacho M, Brzoza P, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Soluble mediators in the function of the epidermal-immune-neuro unit in the skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003970. [PMID: 36330530 PMCID: PMC9623011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest, environmentally exposed (barrier) organ, capable of integrating various signals into effective defensive responses. The functional significance of interactions among the epidermis and the immune and nervous systems in regulating and maintaining skin barrier function is only now becoming recognized in relation to skin pathophysiology. This review focuses on newly described pathways that involve soluble mediator-mediated crosstalk between these compartments. Dysregulation of these connections can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases and/or pathologic conditions associated with chronic pain or itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kwiecien
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kwiecinska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Pocalun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michelle Camacho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brian A. Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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30
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Cichoń MA, Pfisterer K, Leitner J, Wagner L, Staud C, Steinberger P, Elbe-Bürger A. Interoperability of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and immune functions in human Langerhans cells. eLife 2022; 11:80578. [PMID: 36223176 PMCID: PMC9555864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is an active immune organ where professional antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) link innate and adaptive immune responses. While Reticulon 1A (RTN1A) was recently identified in LCs and dendritic cells in cutaneous and lymphoid tissues of humans and mice, its function is still unclear. Here, we studied the involvement of this protein in cytoskeletal remodeling and immune responses toward pathogens by stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in resident LCs (rLCs) and emigrated LCs (eLCs) in human epidermis ex vivo and in a transgenic THP-1 RTN1A+ cell line. Hampering RTN1A functionality through an inhibitory antibody induced significant dendrite retraction of rLCs and inhibited their emigration. Similarly, expression of RTN1A in THP-1 cells significantly altered their morphology, enhanced aggregation potential, and inhibited the Ca2+ flux. Differentiated THP-1 RTN1A+ macrophages exhibited long cell protrusions and a larger cell body size in comparison to wild-type cells. Further, stimulation of epidermal sheets with bacterial lipoproteins (TLR1/2 and TLR2 agonists) and single-stranded RNA (TLR7 agonist) resulted in the formation of substantial clusters of rLCs and a significant decrease of RTN1A expression in eLCs. Together, our data indicate involvement of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and structural plasticity of primary LCs. Moreover, we discovered a relation between activation of TLRs, clustering of LCs, and downregulation of RTN1A within the epidermis, thus indicating an important role of RTN1A in LC residency and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clement Staud
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Delgado M, Lennon-Duménil AM. How cell migration helps immune sentinels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932472. [PMID: 36268510 PMCID: PMC9577558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system relies on the migratory capacity of its cellular components, which must be mobile in order to defend the host from invading micro-organisms or malignant cells. This applies in particular to immune sentinels from the myeloid lineage, i.e. macrophages and dendritic cells. Cell migration is already at work during mammalian early development, when myeloid cell precursors migrate from the yolk sac, an extra embryonic structure, to colonize tissues and form the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. Later, this is accompanied by a migration wave of precursors and monocytes from the bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs and the peripheral tissues. They differentiate into DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages. During adult life, cell migration endows immune cells with the ability to patrol their environment as well as to circulate between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Hence migration of immune cells is key to building an efficient defense system for an organism. In this review, we will describe how cell migratory capacity regulates the various stages in the life of myeloid cells from development to tissue patrolling, and migration to lymph nodes. We will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeletal machinery and its regulators, and how it contributes to the establishment and function of the immune system.
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32
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Identifying disease-critical cell types and cellular processes by integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing and human genetics. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1479-1492. [PMID: 36175791 PMCID: PMC9910198 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies provide a powerful means of identifying loci and genes contributing to disease, but in many cases, the related cell types/states through which genes confer disease risk remain unknown. Deciphering such relationships is important for identifying pathogenic processes and developing therapeutics. In the present study, we introduce sc-linker, a framework for integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing, epigenomic SNP-to-gene maps and genome-wide association study summary statistics to infer the underlying cell types and processes by which genetic variants influence disease. The inferred disease enrichments recapitulated known biology and highlighted notable cell-disease relationships, including γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in major depressive disorder, a disease-dependent M-cell program in ulcerative colitis and a disease-specific complement cascade process in multiple sclerosis. In autoimmune disease, both healthy and disease-dependent immune cell-type programs were associated, whereas only disease-dependent epithelial cell programs were prominent, suggesting a role in disease response rather than initiation. Our framework provides a powerful approach for identifying the cell types and cellular processes by which genetic variants influence disease.
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33
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Davies J, Sirvent S, Vallejo AF, Clayton K, Douilhet G, Keeler PS, West J, Ardern-Jones M, MacArthur BD, Singh H, Polak ME. Transcriptional programming of immunoregulatory responses in human Langerhans cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892254. [PMID: 36203560 PMCID: PMC9530347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) maintain immune homeostasis in the skin. To examine transcriptional programming of human primary LCs during homeostasis, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of LCs before and after migration from the epidermis, coupled with functional assessment of their regulatory T cell priming capabilities. The analysis revealed that steady-state LCs exist in a continuum of maturation states and upregulate antigen presentation genes along with an immunoregulatory module including the genes IDO1, LGALS1, LAMTOR1, IL4I, upon their migration. The migration-induced transition in genomic state is accompanied by the ability of LCs to more efficiently prime regulatory T cell responses in co-culture assays. Computational analyses of the scRNAseq datasets using SCENIC and Partial Information Decomposition in Context identified a set of migration-induced transcription factors including IRF4, KLF6 and RelB as key nodes within a immunoregulatory gene regulatory network. These findings support a model in which efficient priming of immunoregulatory responses by LCs is dependent on coordinated upregulation of a migration-coupled maturation program with a immunoregulation-promoting genomic module.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Sirvent
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kalum Clayton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Douilhet
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S. Keeler
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ardern-Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben D. MacArthur
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marta E. Polak, ; Harinder Singh,
| | - Marta E. Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Marta E. Polak, ; Harinder Singh,
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34
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Shahverdi M, Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Shajari N, Hajizadeh F, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The modulatory role of dendritic cell-T cell cross-talk in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:353-363. [PMID: 36116207 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition and presentation are highlighted as the first steps in developing specialized antigen responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are outstanding professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) responsible for priming cellular immunity in pathological states, including cancer. However, the diminished or repressed function of DCs is thought to be a substantial mechanism through which tumors escape from the immune system. In this regard, DCs obtained from breast cancer (BC) patients represent a notably weakened potency to encourage specific T-cell responses. Additionally, impaired DC-T-cell cross-talk in BC facilitates the immune evade of cancer cells and is connected with tumor advancement, immune tolerance, and adverse prognosis for patients. In this review we aim to highlight the available knowledge on DC-T-cell interactions in BC aggressiveness and show its therapeutic potential in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahverdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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35
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Ramachandran K. An Immunohistochemical study of CD83 positive dendritic cell density in human benign and malignant uterine specimens. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i4.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogenous group of accessory cells that function as specialized forms of antigen-presenting cells in human body. A thorough knowledge of the DC population of the human uterus, especially the CD83 population would be very useful for an effective understanding of the immune protection of the endometrium during different phases of menstrual cycle and in the pathological conditions of the uterus.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care referral medical college hospital in South India. Women in the age group of 35 to 50 years, who underwent hysterectomy were included in the study. Immunohistochemical study on the presence of mature CD83+DCs was carried out in the processed uterine specimens. The number of CD83 cells/20 high power fields in each of the specimen was calculated and reviewed by two independent reviewers.
Results: About 43 hysterectomy specimens obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign and malignant conditions of uterus were included in the study. Fibroid uterus was the most common indication for hysterectomy. The minimum and maximum DCs were 12 and 720 DCs per 20 HPF respectively, with an overall mean of 109.28. The mean DCs amongst benign specimens was 1.2 DCs and in the malignant specimens was 22.65 DCs per HPF, with a P value of 0.0001.
Conclusion: Mature dendritic cells are seen in abundance in malignant and pre-malignant tissues of human uterus. A reduction in number of CD83+ DCs was observed in patients with proliferative and secretory endometrium.
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36
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Rippon MG, Rogers AA, Ousey K, Atkin L, Williams K. The importance of periwound skin in wound healing: an overview of the evidence. J Wound Care 2022; 31:648-659. [PMID: 36001708 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.8.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DECLARATION OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Ousey
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Huddersfield.,Adjunct Professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Australia.,Visiting Professor, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kate Williams
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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37
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Baess SC, Burkhart AK, Cappello S, Graband A, Seré K, Zenke M, Niemann C, Iden S. Lrig1- and Wnt-dependent niches dictate segregation of resident immune cells and melanocytes in murine tail epidermis. Development 2022; 149:275959. [PMID: 35815643 PMCID: PMC9382897 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The barrier-forming, self-renewing mammalian epidermis comprises keratinocytes, pigment-producing melanocytes and resident immune cells as first-line host defense. In murine tail skin, interfollicular epidermis patterns into pigmented ‘scale’ and hypopigmented ‘interscale’ epidermis. Why and how mature melanocytes accumulate in scale epidermis is unresolved. Here, we delineate a cellular hierarchy among epidermal cell types that determines skin patterning. Already during postnatal development, melanocytes co-segregate with newly forming scale compartments. Intriguingly, this process coincides with partitioning of both Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells to interscale epidermis, suggesting functional segregation of pigmentation and immune surveillance. Analysis of non-pigmented mice and of mice lacking melanocytes or resident immune cells revealed that immunocyte patterning is melanocyte and melanin independent and, vice versa, immune cells do not control melanocyte localization. Instead, genetically enforced progressive scale fusion upon Lrig1 deletion showed that melanocytes and immune cells dynamically follow epithelial scale:interscale patterns. Importantly, disrupting Wnt-Lef1 function in keratinocytes caused melanocyte mislocalization to interscale epidermis, implicating canonical Wnt signaling in organizing the pigmentation pattern. Together, this work uncovers cellular and molecular principles underlying the compartmentalization of tissue functions in skin. Summary: Pigmentation and immune surveillance functions in murine tail skin are spatially segregated by Lrig1- and Wnt-Lef1-dependent keratinocyte lineages that control the partitioning of melanocytes and tissue-resident immune cells into distinct epidermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Baess
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Burkhart
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Sabrina Cappello
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Medical School 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 5 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Medical School 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 5 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center of Biochemistry 6 , Faculty of Medicine , , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- University Hospital Cologne 6 , Faculty of Medicine , , 50931 Cologne , Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
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38
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Kamata M, Tada Y. Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941071. [PMID: 35837394 PMCID: PMC9274091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by scaly indurated erythema. This disease impairs patients’ quality of life enormously. Pathological findings demonstrate proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and massive infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complicated. Among immune cells, dendritic cells play a pivotal role in the development of psoriasis in both the initiation and the maintenance phases. In addition, it has been indicated that macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis especially in the initiation phase, although studies on macrophages are limited. In this article, we review the roles of dendritic cells and macrophages in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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39
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Kinetic Characterization of the Immune Response to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Subcutaneous Skin Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0006522. [PMID: 35647662 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00065-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Studies examining the immune response to S. aureus have been conducted, yet our understanding of the kinetic response to S. aureus subcutaneous skin infection remains incomplete. In this study, we used C57BL/6J mice and USA300 S. aureus to examine the host-pathogen interface from 8 h postinfection to 15 days postinfection (dpi), with the following outcomes measured: lesion size, bacterial titers, local cytokine and chemokine levels, phenotype of the responding leukocytes, and histopathology and Gram staining of skin tissue. Lesions were largest at 1 dpi, with peak necrotic tissue areas at 3 dpi, and were largely resolved by 15 dpi. During early infection, bacterial titers were high, neutrophils were the most abundant immune cell type, there was a decrease in most leukocyte populations found in uninfected skin, and many different cytokines were produced. Histopathological analysis demonstrated swift and extensive keratinocyte death and robust and persistent neutrophil infiltration. Gram staining revealed subdermal S. aureus colonization and, later, limited migration into upper skin layers. Interleukin-17A/F (IL-17A/F) was detected only starting at 5 dpi and coincided with an immediate decrease in bacterial numbers in the following days. After 9 days, neutrophils were no longer the most abundant immune cell type present as most other leukocyte subsets returned, and surface wounds resolved coincident with declining bacterial titers. Collectively, these data illustrate a dynamic immune response to S. aureus skin infection and suggest a key role for precisely timed IL-17 production for infection clearance and healthy tissue formation.
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40
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Hawerkamp HC, Fahy CMR, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Break on through: The role of innate immunity and barrier defence in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e99. [PMID: 35677926 PMCID: PMC9168024 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human skin can be affected by a multitude of diseases including inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Here, we describe how skin barrier integrity and immunity become dysregulated during these two most common inflammatory skin conditions. We summarise recent advances made in the field of the skin innate immune system and its interaction with adaptive immunity. We review gene variants associated with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis that affect innate immune mechanisms and skin barrier integrity. Finally, we discuss how current and future therapies may affect innate immune responses and skin barrier integrity in a generalized or more targeted approach in order to ameliorate disease in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hawerkamp
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - C M R Fahy
- Paediatric Dermatology Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland.,Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bath UK
| | - P G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin Ireland.,Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - C Schwartz
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
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41
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Eraslan G, Drokhlyansky E, Anand S, Fiskin E, Subramanian A, Slyper M, Wang J, Van Wittenberghe N, Rouhana JM, Waldman J, Ashenberg O, Lek M, Dionne D, Win TS, Cuoco MS, Kuksenko O, Tsankov AM, Branton PA, Marshall JL, Greka A, Getz G, Segrè AV, Aguet F, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Ardlie KG, Regev A. Single-nucleus cross-tissue molecular reference maps toward understanding disease gene function. Science 2022; 376:eabl4290. [PMID: 35549429 PMCID: PMC9383269 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding gene function and regulation in homeostasis and disease requires knowledge of the cellular and tissue contexts in which genes are expressed. Here, we applied four single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods to eight diverse, archived, frozen tissue types from 16 donors and 25 samples, generating a cross-tissue atlas of 209,126 nuclei profiles, which we integrated across tissues, donors, and laboratory methods with a conditional variational autoencoder. Using the resulting cross-tissue atlas, we highlight shared and tissue-specific features of tissue-resident cell populations; identify cell types that might contribute to neuromuscular, metabolic, and immune components of monogenic diseases and the biological processes involved in their pathology; and determine cell types and gene modules that might underlie disease mechanisms for complex traits analyzed by genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökcen Eraslan
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eugene Drokhlyansky
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evgenij Fiskin
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ayshwarya Subramanian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - John M. Rouhana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thet Su Win
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S. Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Philip A. Branton
- The Joint Pathology Center Gynecologic/Breast Pathology, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayellet V. Segrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - François Aguet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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42
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Hasegawa T, Oka T, Demehri S. Alarmin Cytokines as Central Regulators of Cutaneous Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876515. [PMID: 35432341 PMCID: PMC9005840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as the primary interface between the body and the environment. The skin immune system is composed of a complex network of immune cells and factors that provide the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and environmental insults. Alarmin cytokines mediate an intricate intercellular communication between keratinocytes and immune cells to regulate cutaneous immune responses. Proper functions of the type 2 alarmin cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, are paramount to the maintenance of skin homeostasis, and their dysregulation is commonly associated with allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the complex regulatory network of type 2 alarmin cytokines that control skin immunity and highlight the mechanisms by which these cytokines regulate skin immune responses in host defense, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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43
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Skin immunity: dissecting the complex biology of our body's outer barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:551-561. [PMID: 35361906 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our skin contributes critically to health via its role as a barrier tissue, carefully regulating passage of key substrates while also providing defense against exogenous threats. Immunological processes are integral to almost every skin function and paramount to our ability to live symbiotically with skin commensal microbes and other environmental stimuli. While many parallels can be drawn to immunobiology at other mucosal sites, skin immunity demonstrates unique features that relate to its distinct topography, chemical composition and microbial ecology. Here we provide an overview of skin as an immune organ, with reference to the broader context of mucosal immunology. We review paradigms of innate as well as adaptive immune function and highlight how skin-specific structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands interact and contribute to these processes. Finally, we highlight for the mucosal immunology community a few emerging areas of interest for the skin immunity field moving forward.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Munson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Robertson TF, Huttenlocher A. Real-time imaging of inflammation and its resolution: It's apparent because it's transparent. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:258-270. [PMID: 35023170 PMCID: PMC8855992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to directly observe leukocyte behavior in vivo has dramatically expanded our understanding of the immune system. Zebrafish are particularly amenable to the high-resolution imaging of leukocytes during both homeostasis and inflammation. Due to its natural transparency, intravital imaging in zebrafish does not require any surgical manipulation. As a result, zebrafish are particularly well-suited for the long-term imaging required to observe the temporal and spatial events during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Here, we review major insights about neutrophil and macrophage function gained from real-time imaging of zebrafish. We discuss neutrophil reverse migration, the process whereby neutrophils leave sites of tissue damage and resolve local inflammation. Further, we discuss the current tools available for investigating immune function in zebrafish and how future studies that simultaneously image multiple leukocyte subsets can be used to further dissect mechanisms that regulate both the onset and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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46
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Wang Z, Qi F, Luo H, Xu G, Wang D. Inflammatory Microenvironment of Skin Wounds. Front Immunol 2022; 13:789274. [PMID: 35300324 PMCID: PMC8920979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.789274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and highly regulated process that can be separated into three overlapping and interdependent phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. This review focuses on the inflammation stage, as it is the key stage of wound healing and plays a vital role in the local immune response and determines the progression of wound healing. Inflammatory cells, the main effector cells of the inflammatory response, have been widely studied, but little attention has been paid to the immunomodulatory effects of wound healing in non-inflammatory cells and the extracellular matrix. In this review, we attempt to deepen our understanding of the wound-healing microenvironment in the inflammatory stage by focusing on the interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as their role in regulating the immune response during the inflammatory stage. We hope our findings will provide new ideas for promoting tissue regeneration through immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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47
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A subpopulation of green turtle suprabasal epidermal cells are Langerin+ and migrate under in vitro stimulation of the chemokine CCL21. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:939-945. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Mine KL, de Marco R, Raimundo TRF, Ernesto JV, Medina-Pestana JO, Tedesco-Silva H, Gerbase-DeLima M. High soluble HLA-DQB2 levels in posttransplant serum are associated with kidney graft dysfunction. Int J Immunogenet 2022; 49:63-69. [PMID: 35083872 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HLA-DQB2 is a gene of limited polymorphism, with unknown function that presents at least two transcript variants: v1, which encodes the full-length beta-chain, and v2, which lacks exon 4 and could give rise to a soluble protein. We previously showed a strong correlation between high v2 expression in preimplantation biopsies (PIB) of kidneys from young (18- to 49-year olds) but not from old, deceased donors and 1-year posttransplant low (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) graft function (GF). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of posttransplant soluble HLA-DQB2 (sDQB2) serum levels, v1 expression in PIB, and recipient HLA-DQB2 rs7453920 A/G polymorphism on GF. sDQB2 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 114 recipients, collected at least 1 year (median 2.1 years) after transplantation. Higher sDQB2 levels were observed in recipients of kidneys from young, but not from old, donors that had a ≥30% decline in GF within 1 year after blood collection for sDQB2 determination. Among the 15 recipients of kidneys from young donors with sDQB2 ≥ 1.52 ng/ml, 40% presented a ≥30% decline in GF, whereas this occurred in none of the 43 recipients with lower sDQB2 levels (p = 0.007; OR: 36.5). Expression of HLA-DQB2 variant 1, measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 92 PIB from young or old donors, did not significantly differ between transplants with high or low 4-year GF. HLA-DQB2 rs7453920 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies did not significantly differ between recipients with low or high 4-year GF. We conclude that HLA-DQB2 variant 1 expression in PIB and recipient rs7453920 SNP polymorphism are not associated with graft outcome. On the other hand, the association, in transplants of kidneys from young donors, between high posttransplant serum sDQB2 levels and decline in GF is a very interesting finding that deserves a validation study in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Mine
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Marco
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiris R F Raimundo
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia V Ernesto
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José O Medina-Pestana
- Nephrology Division, Hospital do Rim, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio Tedesco-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Hospital do Rim, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Gerbase-DeLima
- Instituto de Imunogenética, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Park S. Building vs. Rebuilding Epidermis: Comparison Embryonic Development and Adult Wound Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:796080. [PMID: 35145968 PMCID: PMC8822150 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is essential to restore tissue function through the rebuilding of pre-existing structures. The repair process involves the re-formation of tissue, which was originally generated by embryonic development, with as similar a structure as possible. Therefore, these two processes share many similarities in terms of creating tissue architecture. However, fundamental differences still exist, such as differences in the cellular components, the status of neighboring tissues, and the surrounding environment. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics, in vivo lineage tracing, and intravital imaging revealed subpopulations, long-term cell fates, and dynamic cellular behaviors in live animals that were not detectable previously. This review highlights similarities and differences between adult wound repair and embryonic tissue development with a particular emphasis on the epidermis of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sangbum Park,
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50
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Ledwon JK, Vaca EE, Huang CC, Kelsey LJ, McGrath JL, Topczewski J, Gosain AK, Topczewska JM. Langerhans cells and SFRP2/Wnt/beta-catenin signalling control adaptation of skin epidermis to mechanical stretching. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:764-775. [PMID: 35019227 PMCID: PMC8817127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin can be mechanically stimulated to grow through a clinical procedure called tissue expansion (TE). Using a porcine TE model, we determined that expansion promptly activates transcription of SFRP2 in skin and we revealed that in the epidermis, this protein is secreted by Langerhans cells (LCs). Similar to well‐known mechanosensitive genes, the increase in SFRP2 expression was proportional to the magnitude of tension, showing a spike at the apex of the expanded skin. This implies that SFRP2 might be a newly discovered effector of mechanotransduction pathways. In addition, we found that acute stretching induces accumulation of b‐catenin in the nuclei of basal keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs, indicating Wnt signalling activation, followed by cell proliferation. Moreover, TE‐activated LCs proliferate and migrate into the suprabasal layer of skin, suggesting that LCs rebuild their steady network within the growing epidermis. We demonstrated that in vitro hrSFRP2 treatment on KCs inhibits Wnt/b‐catenin signalling and stimulates KC differentiation. In parallel, we observed an accumulation of KRT10 in vivo in the expanded skin, pointing to TE‐induced, SFRP2‐augmented KC maturation. Overall, our results reveal that a network of LCs delivers SFRP2 across the epidermis to fine‐tune Wnt/b‐catenin signalling to restore epidermal homeostasis disrupted by TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Ledwon
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elbert E Vaca
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chiang C Huang
- University of Wisconsin, Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren J Kelsey
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L McGrath
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arun K Gosain
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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