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Liu Q, Li J, Zong Q, Duan Z, Liu F, Duan W, Ruan M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Wang Q. Interferon-induced polarization of M1 macrophages mediates antiviral activity against the hepatitis B virus via the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112219. [PMID: 38733823 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Given its ability to inhibit HBV replication, Interferon alpha (IFN-α) treatment has been confirmed to be effective in managing Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). However, its underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. METHODS Herein, we investigated the antiviral properties of IFN-α by introducing IFN-α expression plasmids into a well-established HBV Hydrodynamic Injection (HDI) mouse model and examined the impact of IFN-α or hepcidin treatment on macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The cytokine profiles were analyzed using the cytometry microsphere microarray technology, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the polarization of macrophages. Additionally, the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and the hepcidin-ferroportin axis were analyzed to better understand the macrophage polarization mechanism. RESULTS As evidenced by the suppression of HBV replication, injection of an IFN-α expression plasmid and supernatants of IFN-α-treated macrophages exerted anti-HBV effects. The IFN-α treatment up-regulated IL-6 in mice with HBV replication, as well as in IFN-α-treated HepG2 cells and macrophages. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 signaling and hepcidin expression was promoted, inducing iron accumulation via the hepcidin-ferroportin axis, which caused the polarization of M1 macrophages. Furthermore, under the effect of IFN-α, IL-6 silencing or blockade downregulated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and hepcidin, implying that increased hepcidin expression under IFN-α treatment was dependent on the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is activated by IFN-α which induces hepcidin expression. The resulting iron accumulation then induces the polarization of M1 macrophages via the hepcidin-ferroportin axis, yielding an immune response which exerts antiviral effects against HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiyin Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Futing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wanlu Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mengqi Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Wu Y, Liu X, Mao Y, Ji R, Xia L, Zhou Z, Ding Y, Li P, Zhao Y, Peng M, Qiu J, Shen C. Routine evaluation of HBV-specific T cell reactivity in chronic hepatitis B using a broad-spectrum T-cell epitope peptide library and ELISpot assay. J Transl Med 2024; 22:266. [PMID: 38468254 PMCID: PMC10929206 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical routine test of HBV-specific T cell reactivity is still limited due to the high polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patient cohort and the lack of universal detection kit, thus the clinical implication remains disputed. METHODS A broad-spectrum peptide library, which consists of 103 functionally validated CD8+ T-cell epitopes spanning overall HBsAg, HBeAg, HBx and HBpol proteins and fits to the HLA polymorphisms of Chinese and Northeast Asian populations, was grouped into eight peptide pools and was used to establish an ELISpot assay for enumerating the reactive HBV-specific T cells in PBMCs. Totally 294 HBV-infected patients including 203 ones with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 13 ones in acute resolved stage (R), 52 ones with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 26 ones with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were detected, and 33 CHB patients were longitudinally monitored for 3 times with an interval of 3-5 months. RESULTS The numbers of reactive HBV-specific T cells were significantly correlated with ALT level, HBsAg level, and disease stage (R, CHB, LC and HCC), and R patients displayed the strongest HBV-specific T cell reactivity while CHB patients showed the weakest one. For 203 CHB patients, the numbers of reactive HBV-specific T cells presented a significantly declined trend when the serum viral DNA load, HBsAg, HBeAg or ALT level gradually increased, but only a very low negative correlation coefficient was defined (r = - 0.21, - 0.21, - 0.27, - 0.079, respectively). Different Nucleotide Analogs (NUCs) did not bring difference on HBV-specific T cell reactivity in the same duration of treatment. NUCs/pegIFN-α combination led to much more reactive HBV-specific T cells than NUCs monotherapy. The dynamic numbers of reactive HBV-specific T cells were obviously increasing in most CHB patients undergoing routine treatment, and the longitudinal trend possess a high predictive power for the hepatitis progression 6 or 12 months later. CONCLUSION The presented method could be developed into an efficient reference method for the clinical evaluation of cellular immunity. The CHB patients presenting low reactivity of HBV-specific T cells have a worse prognosis for hepatitis progression and should be treated using pegIFN-α to improve host T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Mao
- Nanjing KingMed Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing, 211899, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixue Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingzhi Xia
- Nanjing KingMed Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing, 211899, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zining Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinqing Li
- Division of Hepatitis, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Division of Hepatitis, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuanlai Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Wang L, Zeng X, Wang Z, Fang L, Liu J. Recent advances in understanding T cell activation and exhaustion during HBV infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:851-859. [PMID: 37866815 PMCID: PMC10786656 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern globally, and T cell responses are widely believed to play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance. Accordingly, research on the characteristics of HBV-specific T cell responses, from activation to exhaustion, has advanced rapidly. Here, we summarize recent developments in characterizing T cell immunity in HBV infection by reviewing basic and clinical research published in the last five years. We provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms that induce effective anti-HBV T cell immunity, as well as the latest developments in understanding T cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, we briefly discuss current novel treatment strategies aimed at restoring anti-HBV T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zida Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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da Silva RC, Teixeira MP, de Paiva LS, Miranda-Alves L. Environmental Health and Toxicology: Immunomodulation Promoted by Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Tributyltin. TOXICS 2023; 11:696. [PMID: 37624201 PMCID: PMC10458372 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental contaminant present on all continents, including Antarctica, with a potent biocidal action. Its use began to be intensified during the 1960s. It was effectively banned in 2003 but remains in the environment to this day due to several factors that increase its half-life and its misuse despite the bans. In addition to the endocrine-disrupting effect of TBT, which may lead to imposex induction in some invertebrate species, there are several studies that demonstrate that TBT also has an immunotoxic effect. The immunotoxic effects that have been observed experimentally in vertebrates using in vitro and in vivo models involve different mechanisms; mainly, there are alterations in the expression and/or secretion of cytokines. In this review, we summarize and update the literature on the impacts of TBT on the immune system, and we discuss issues that still need to be explored to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the impact of this endocrine-disrupting chemical on immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Correia da Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (M.P.T.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (M.P.T.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Paiva
- Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (M.P.T.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Li Z, Xiang T, Liang B, Liu J, Deng H, Yang X, Wang H, Feng X, Zelinskyy G, Trilling M, Sutter K, Lu M, Dittmer U, Wang B, Yang D, Zheng X, Liu J. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses wane profoundly in convalescent individuals 10 months after primary infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:606-619. [PMID: 37414153 PMCID: PMC10436107 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the duration of specific T cell responses against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) post primary infection, which is difficult to address due to the large-scale COVID-19 vaccination and re-exposure to the virus. Here, we conducted an analysis of the long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in a unique cohort of convalescent individuals (CIs) that were among the first to be infected worldwide and without any possible antigen re-exposure since then. The magnitude and breadth of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses correlated inversely with the time that had elapsed from disease onset and the age of those CIs. The mean magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses decreased about 82% and 76%, respectively, over the time period of ten months after infection. Accordingly, the longitudinal analysis also demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses waned significantly in 75% of CIs during the follow-up. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the long-term memory T cell response in CIs, suggesting that robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity post primary infection may be less durable than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Hogan G, Winer BY, Ahodantin J, Sellau J, Huang T, Douam F, Funaki M, Chiriboga L, Su L, Ploss A. Persistent hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfections in dually humanized mice engrafted with human liver and immune system. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28930. [PMID: 37403703 PMCID: PMC11298785 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), remains a major medical problem. HBV has a high propensity for progressing to chronicity and can result in severe liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CHB patients frequently present with viral coinfection, including human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV) and hepatitis delta virus. About 10% of chronic HIV carriers are also persistently infected with HBV, which can result in more exacerbated liver disease. Mechanistic studies of HBV-induced immune responses and pathogenesis, which could be significantly influenced by HIV infection, have been hampered by the scarcity of immunocompetent animal models. Here, we demonstrate that humanized mice dually engrafted with components of a human immune system and a human liver supported HBV infection, which was partially controlled by human immune cells, as evidenced by lower levels of serum viremia and HBV replication intermediates in the liver. HBV infection resulted in priming and expansion of human HLA-restricted CD8+ T cells, which acquired an activated phenotype. Notably, our dually humanized mice support persistent coinfections with HBV and HIV, which opens opportunities for analyzing immune dysregulation during HBV and HIV coinfection, and preclinical testing of novel immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Hogan
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Ahodantin
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Sellau
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Masaya Funaki
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Identification of Key Genes in the HBV-Related HCC Immune Microenvironment Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2797033. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2797033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has poor prognosis and high mortality among gastrointestinal tumors because of its insidious onset and strong invasiveness. However, there was little understanding of their pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to use bioinformatics analysis to identify genes associated with the immune microenvironment in HBV-related HCC and to develop new therapeutic targets to prevent and treat cancer. Methods. RNA-seq data of HBV-related HCC cases were downloaded from TCGA-LIHC database. ESTIMATE and Deseq2 algorithms were used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). WGCNA was used to construct gene coexpression networks. In key modules, functional enrichment analysis was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was used to screen hub genes, and survival analysis was conducted to assess their prognostic significance. Following, we search for key genes differentially expressed between cancerous and paracancerous tissues in GSE136247 and GSE121248 datasets. Reveal the potential links between key genes in immune infiltration by using TIMER. Finally, in TCGA-LIHC database, integration of key genes with clinical data were used to further validate their correlation with prognosis. Results. In the cohort of HBV-related HCC patients, immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores were not significantly associated with patient prognosis. After bioinformatics analysis, screening out five key genes was significantly related to the prognosis of HBV-related HCC. Downregulation of SLAMF1 and TRAF3IP3 suggested poor prognosis and was related to a variety of immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, compared with adjacent nontumor tissues, TRAF3IP3 and SLAMF1 were highly expressed in tumor tissues and were linked to tumor recurrences. Conclusion. In conclusion, SLAMF1 and TRAF3IP3 were identified with higher expression in tumor tissues and associated with tumor recurrence. It will be a new research direction of tumor progress and treatment.
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Xie X, Karakoese Z, Ablikim D, Ickler J, Schuhenn J, Zeng X, Feng X, Yang X, Dittmer U, Yang D, Sutter K, Liu J. IFNα subtype-specific susceptibility of HBV in the course of chronic infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017753. [PMID: 36311794 PMCID: PMC9616162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a major health problem worldwide and remains hard to be cured. Therapy with interferon (IFN) α is an important method for the clinical treatment of chronic hepatitis B. IFNα exhibits direct antiviral effects as well as immunomodulatory activities, which can induce sustained antiviral responses in part of the treated chronic hepatitis B patients. Numerous IFNα subtypes with high sequence identity between 76-96% exist which are characterized by diverse, non-redundant biological activities. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the clinically approved IFNα2 is not the most effective subtype for the anti-HBV treatment among all IFNα subtypes. So far very little is known about the IFNα subtype expression pattern during early HBV infection and the IFNα subtype-specific susceptibility during persistent HBV infection as well as its related cellular mechanism. Here we determined the Ifna subtype mRNA expression during acute and chronic HBV infection by using the well-established hydrodynamic injection (HDI) mouse model and we revealed a transient but strong expression of a panel of Ifna subtypes in the spleen of HBV persistent replication mice compared to HDI controls. Immunotherapy with distinct IFNα subtypes controlled chronic HBV infection. IFNα subtype-mediated antiviral response and immune activation were comprehensively analyzed in an AAV-HBV persistent infection murine model and murine IFNα2 was identified as the most effective subtype in suppression of HBV replication. Further analysis of the immune response revealed a strong immunomodulatory activity of murine IFNα2 on splenic and intrahepatic NK and T cell activation during persistent HBV infection. Taken together, our data provide IFNα subtype-specific differences in the antiviral and immunomodulatory effector responses and a strong expression of all IFNα subtypes in the spleen during persistent HBV infection in mice. This knowledge will support the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dilhumare Ablikim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Julia Ickler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schuhenn
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kathrin Sutter, ; Jia Liu,
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kathrin Sutter, ; Jia Liu,
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9
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Transcriptome analysis of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus reveals mechanisms of CD8+ T cell exhaustion caused by different factors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274494. [PMID: 36084049 PMCID: PMC9462770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction during chronic infection and cancer. Antibody-targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors to reverse T cell exhaustion is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms of T cell exhaustion remain incompletely understood. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis by integrating seven exhaustion datasets caused by multiple diseases in both humans and mice. In this study, an overlap of 21 upregulated and 37 downregulated genes was identified in human and mouse exhausted CD8+ T cells. These genes were significantly enriched in exhaustion response-related pathways, such as signal transduction, immune system processes, and regulation of cytokine production. Gene expression network analysis revealed that the well-documented exhaustion genes were defined as hub genes in upregulated genes. In addition, a weighted gene co-expression analysis identified 175 overlapping genes that were significantly correlated with the exhaustion trait in both humans and mice. This study found that overlapping six genes were significantly upregulated and highly related to T cell exhaustion. Finally, we revealed that CD200R1 and ADGRG1, less described previously in exhaustion, contributed to T cell exhaustion. Overall, our findings reveal the mechanisms of T cell exhaustion and provide an important reference to the immunology community.
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10
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Yu L, Guan Y, Li L, Lu N, Zhang C. The transcription factor Eomes promotes expression of inhibitory receptors on hepatic CD8
+
T cells during HBV persistence. FEBS J 2022; 289:3241-3261. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Yu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yun Guan
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- Jining NO. 1 People’s Hospital China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Nan Lu
- Institute of Diagnostics School of Medicine Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
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11
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Zhu Z, Qin Y, Liang Q, Xia W, Zhang T, Wang W, Zhang M, Jiang T, Wu H, Tian Y. Increased HBV Coinfection and Decreased IFN-γ-Producing HBV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Numbers During HIV Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861804. [PMID: 35432386 PMCID: PMC9005981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics and mechanism of the dynamics of HBV infection with the progression of HIV disease and to explore the different responses of T lymphocytes to HBV in HIV patients in different stages of disease. Methods We compared the rates and characteristics of HBV coinfection between 372 early HIV-infected and 306 chronically HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Beijing Youan Hospital from October 2006 to November 2014. We further analysed IFN-γ-producing HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in 15 early HIV-infected individuals and 20 chronic HIV-infected individuals with HBV coinfection. Results Twenty-three HBsAg-positive cases were detected among the 372 early HIV-infected patients of this cohort, and the coinfection rate was 6.18%, while 35 HBsAg-positive cases were detected among the 306 chronically HIV-infected patients, with a coinfection rate of 11.44%. The coinfection rate of the chronically HIV-infected patients was significantly higher than that of the early-infected patients (p=0.0005). The median CD4+ T cell count in the early HIV infection patients was 445 cells/μL (196-1,030 cells/μL), which was higher than that in the chronic HIV infection patients [358 cells/μL (17-783 cells/μL)] (p<0.001). The proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells in early HIV-infected patients was significantly higher than that in chronically HIV-infected patients. Conclusion The coinfection rate of HBV in HIV patients increases with HIV disease progression, which might be related to the decreased IFN-γ-producing HBV-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. The closely monitored HBV serum markers from the early stage of HIV infection are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Proliferation of CD11b+ myeloid cells induced by TLR4 signaling promotes hepatitis B virus clearance. Cytokine 2022; 153:155867. [PMID: 35390759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Effective immune response plays a key role in the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the specific role of innate immune response in the clearance of virus is still unclear. Here we investigated the effect of TLR4 signaling on the proliferation and differentiation of CD11b+ myeloid cells, which contributes to virus clearance. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide by intraperitoneal injection. Hydrodynamic injection (HI) was performed to establish HBV-replicated mice. The viremia was monitored. The immune cells were isolated from liver and spleen of the mice. The proliferation and differentiation of CD11b+ myeloid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The changes of CD11b+ myeloid cells and its role in virus clearance during HBV infection after LPS stimulation were analyzed. RESULTS LPS stimulation induced the proliferation of CD11b+ myeloid cells which differentiated into neutrophils and inflammatory mononuclear macrophages. The expression of F4/80 protein on the surface of mononuclear macrophages in the liver of LPS-stimulated mice was significantly lower than that of control. It indicated that intrahepatic Kupffer cells were significantly decreased in the LPS-stimulated mice, which promoted the clearance of virus. CONCLUSION LPS stimulation induces the proliferation of CD11b+ myeloid cells that differentiate into inflammatory neutrophils and monocytes, which inhibits HBV replication. And the decrease of intrahepatic Kupffer cells also contributes to the clearance of HBV during HBV infection.
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13
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Anti-rheumatic drug-induced hepatitis B virus reactivation and preventive strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106181. [PMID: 35301112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, an estimated 3 million people worldwide have been infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although anti-HBV therapies have improved the long-term survival profile of chronic carriers, viral reactivation still poses a significant challenge for preventing HBV-related hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. Immuno-modulating drugs, which are widely applied in managing rheumatic conditions, are commonly associated with HBV reactivation (HBVr) as a result of drug-induced immune suppression. However, there are few reports on the risk of HBVr and the medication management plan for HBV carriers, especially rheumatic patients. In this review, we summarize immuno-modulating drug-induced HBVr during rheumatoid therapy and its preventive strategies for HBVr-induced liver diseases, especially cirrhosis and HCC. These findings will assist with developing treatments for rheumatic patients, and prevent HBV-related cirrhosis and HCC.
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14
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Khanam A, Tang LSY, Kottilil S. Programmed death 1 expressing CD8 + CXCR5 + follicular T cells constitute effector rather than exhaustive phenotype in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2022; 75:690-708. [PMID: 34689344 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Classical CD8 T cells are implicated for protective and pathogenic roles in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Recently, a subset of CD8 T cells expressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) and exhibiting features of TFH cells has been identified during chronic viral infections. However, in CHB, knowledge of their roles is limited. APPROACH AND RESULTS We characterized circulating CD8+ CXCR5+/- cells and investigated their association with clinical and viral factors. We found that CHB infection did not influence the overall frequencies of CD8+ CXCR5+ cells whereas CD8+ CXCR5- cells were increased. However, among CHB, CD8+ CXCR5+ cells were higher in patients with low HBsAg and HBV-DNA levels, patients who were HBeAg negative and had high fibrosis scores, and these cells exhibited a significant association with HBsAg and HBV-DNA reduction. Contrarily, CD8+ CXCR5- cells were expanded and positively correlated with patients having high HBsAg, HBV-DNA, and alanine aminotransferase levels. CD8+ CXCR5+ cells express costimulatory molecules ICOS, OX40, CD40 ligand, inhibitory molecule programmed death 1, transcription factors B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2, BCL-6, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and are enriched in effector and central memory phenotype. Moreover, these cells are heterogeneous in nature given that they constitute different subsets of cytotoxic follicular T cells (TCF), including TCF1, TCF2, TCF17, and TCF22. Despite expressing high PD-1, CD8+ CXCR5+ cells are activated, proliferating, secreting more IFN-γ, IL-21, and IL-22, and have better cytolytic potential than CD8+ CXCR5- cells, which were inhibited after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. CD8+ CXCR5+ cells are efficient in helping B cells in terms of plasmablasts and plasma cell generation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CD8+ CXCR5+ cells are enriched in effector phenotypes, produce HBV-specific cytokines despite increased PD-1, and are associated with HBsAg and HBV-DNA reduction. These cells competently support B-cell function, required for viral clearance, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia S Y Tang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Oncology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Xie X, Luo J, Zhu D, Zhou W, Yang X, Feng X, Lu M, Zheng X, Dittmer U, Yang D, Liu J. HBeAg Is Indispensable for Inducing Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Activation by Hepatitis B Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:797915. [PMID: 35174107 PMCID: PMC8842949 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.797915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and AimsLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) serve as sentinel cells to detect microbial infection and actively contribute to regulating immune responses for surveillance against intrahepatic pathogens. We recently reported that hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) stimulation could induce LSEC maturation and abrogate LSEC-mediated T cell suppression in a TNF-α and IL27 dependent manner. However, it remains unclear how HBeAg deficiency during HBV infection influences LSEC immunoregulation function and intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8 T cell responses.MethodsThe function of LSECs in regulating effector T cell response, intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8 T cell responses and HBV viremia were characterized in both HBeAg-deficient and -competent HBV hydrodynamic injection (HDI) mouse models.ResultsLSECs isolated from HBeAg-deficient HBV HDI mice showed a reduced capacity to promote T cell immunity in vitro compared with those isolated from wild-type HBV HDI mice. HBeAg expression replenishment in HBeAg-deficient HBV HDI mice restored the HBV-induced LSEC maturation, and resulted in potent intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses and efficient control of HBV replication. Moreover, in vivo TNF-α, but not IL27 blockade in HBV HDI mice impaired HBV-specific CD8 T cell immunity and delayed HBV clearance.ConclusionOur study underlines that HBeAg is indispensable for HBV-induced LSEC maturation to trigger intrahepatic HBV-specific T cell activation, and provides a new mechanism to elucidate the intrahepatic immune microenvironment regulation upon HBV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhuo Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu,
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16
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Li Z, Xiang T, Liang B, Deng H, Wang H, Feng X, Quan X, Wang X, Li S, Lu S, Yang X, Wang B, Zelinskyy G, Trilling M, Sutter K, Lu M, Dittmer U, Yang D, Zheng X, Liu J. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in a Real-World Setting. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802858. [PMID: 35003131 PMCID: PMC8727357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been characterized in several well-conducted clinical trials, real-world evidence concerning immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raised by such vaccines is currently missing. Here, we comprehensively characterized various parameters of SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immune responses induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in 126 individuals under real-world conditions. After two doses of vaccination, S-receptor binding domain IgG (S-RBD IgG) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) were detected in 87.06% (74/85) and 78.82% (67/85) of individuals, respectively. Female participants developed higher concentrations of S-RBD IgG and NAb compared to male vaccinees. Interestingly, a longer dosing interval between the first and second vaccination resulted in a better long-term SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG response. The frequencies of CD4+ T cells that produce effector cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) in response to stimulation with peptide pools corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) or membrane (M) protein were significantly higher in individuals received two doses of vaccine than those received one dose of vaccine and unvaccinated individuals. S, N, or M-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were detectable in 95.83% (69/72) and 54.16% (39/72) of double-vaccinated individuals, respectively. The longitudinal analysis demonstrated that CD4+ T cell responses recognizing S, N, and M waned quickly after a single vaccine dose, but were boosted and became more sustained following a second dose. Overall, we provide a comprehensive characterization of immune responses induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in real-world settings, suggesting that both humoral and cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity are elicited in the majority of individuals after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihong Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Du Y, Broering R, Li X, Zhang X, Liu J, Yang D, Lu M. In Vivo Mouse Models for Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Their Application. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766534. [PMID: 34777385 PMCID: PMC8586444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective vaccination, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a major challenge worldwide. Research efforts are ongoing to find an effective cure for the estimated 250 million people chronically infected by HBV in recent years. The exceptionally limited host spectrum of HBV has limited the research progress. Thus, different HBV mouse models have been developed and used for studies on infection, immune responses, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapies. However, these mouse models have great limitations as no spread of HBV infection occurs in the mouse liver and no or only very mild hepatitis is present. Thus, the suitability of these mouse models for a given issue and the interpretation of the results need to be critically assessed. This review summarizes the currently available mouse models for HBV research, including hydrodynamic injection, viral vector-mediated transfection, recombinant covalently closed circular DNA (rc-cccDNA), transgenic, and liver humanized mouse models. We systematically discuss the characteristics of each model, with the main focus on hydrodynamic injection mouse model. The usefulness and limitations of each mouse model are discussed based on the published studies. This review summarizes the facts for considerations of the use and suitability of mouse model in future HBV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Du Y, Yang X, Li J, Sokolova V, Zou S, Han M, Yan H, Wey K, Lu M, Dittmer U, Yang D, Epple M, Wu J. Delivery of toll-like receptor 3 ligand poly(I:C) to the liver by calcium phosphate nanoparticles conjugated with an F4/80 antibody exerts an anti-hepatitis B virus effect in a mouse model. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:297-307. [PMID: 33540061 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health issue, but currently available anti-HBV drugs have limited success. Previously, introduction of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 ligand poly(I:C) to the liver via hydrodynamic injection (HI) was shown to effectively suppress HBV replication in a chronic HBV replication mouse model. However, this method cannot be applied in human beings. To improve the liver targeting of poly(I:C) via intravenous injection, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNs) carrying poly(I:C) with or without antibodies were constructed, and their anti-HBV effects were investigated. We found that significantly more anti-F4/80-conjugated and IgG2α-conjugated nanoparticles were taken up in liver cells both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, these nanoparticles produced pronounced immunostimulatory effects in vitro in primary liver cells. Importantly, treatment with nanoparticles carrying poly(I:C) increased the production of intrahepatic cytokines and chemokines and enhanced T cell responses, significantly reducing HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels in the mice. Compared to nonconjugated and isotype-antibody-conjugated nanoparticles, the anti-F4/80-conjugated nanoparticles demonstrated the strongest anti-HBV effects. In summary, nanoparticles carrying poly(I:C) conjugated with an F4/80 antibody promoted liver targeting, and they may represent a suitable alternative to HI for future anti-HBV treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: HBV chronically infects approximately 250 million individuals worldwide but current anti-HBV drugs have limited success. Introduction of toll-like receptor 3 ligand poly(I:C) into liver by hydrodynamic injection has been proven to promote HBV clearance in mouse model. However, this technique is not clinically suitable for human patients. We have constructed calcium phosphate nanoparticles carrying poly(I:C) with specific antibody targeting liver nonparenchymal cells. The uptake into relevant liver cells and the anti-HBV effects were studied. After intravenous injection into mice, the uptake rate of anti-F4/80-conjugated nanoparticels was enhanced in liver, and these nanoparticles exert effective anti-HBV effects in vivo. This may provide important insight into future HBV immunotherapy based on nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Meihong Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Hu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China.
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19
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Xiong S, Zhu D, Liang B, Li M, Pan W, He J, Wang H, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Lu M, Liu D, Yang D, Liu J, Zheng X. Longitudinal characterization of phenotypic profile of T cells in chronic hepatitis B identifies immune markers associated with HBsAg loss. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103464. [PMID: 34233260 PMCID: PMC8261015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current desirable endpoint of treatment against chronic hepatitis B virus infection (cHBV) is to achieve a functional cure, which is defined as HBsAg loss (sAg-L) with or without anti-HBs seroconversion. However, the immunological features that are associated with functional cure have not been studied in detail. Methods 172 cHBV patients (67 HBeAg+ and 105 HBeAg-), including 141 HBsAg retained (sAg-R) patients (115 chronic hepatitis and 26 asymptomatic carriers), 31 sAg-L patients, and 24 healthy individuals (vaccinated but not infected with HBV) were examined for their T cell phenotypic profile and HBV-specific T cell responses by flow cytometry. 18 cHBV patients with low serum HBsAg levels were also longitudinally followed for their T cell phenotypic profile and HBV-specific T cell responses up to 60 weeks. Findings sAg-L patients showed distinct CD4+ and CD8+ T cell phenotype fingerprints compared to those of sAg-R patients, as mainly indicated by the upregulation of HLA-DR on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and a potent HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cell response. The changes in the T cell phenotype in cHBV patients were even more profound during rapid HBsAg decrease and was associated with interferon α treatment. The expression of HLA-DR (r = 0·3269, p = 0·0037), CD95 (r = 0·2796, p = 0·0151), CD40L (r = 0·2747, p = 0·0156), CTLA-4 (r = 0·2786, p = 0·0148), TIM-3 (r = 0·3082, p = 0·0068), CD107a (r = 0·3597, p = 0·0013) on CD4+ T cells, and HLA-DR (r = 0·3542, p = 0·0016), CD69 (r = 0·2507, p = 0·0279), CD107a (r = 0·2875, p = 0·0112) on CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with the rate of HBsAg decrease. The expression of HLA-DR (r = 0·2846, p = 0·0009) and CD95 (r = 0·2442, p = 0·0049) on CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with the magnitude of the HBcAg-specific T cell responses in cHBV patients. Importantly, CTLA-4, CD95 and CD107a expression on CD4+ T cells, as well as HLA-DR and TIM-3 expression on CD8+ T cells in combination with HBsAg quantification were identified as potential predictive factors for sAg-L within 48 weeks in cHBV patients. Interpretation The onset of HBsAg decrease and subsequent loss in cHBV patients on treatment is associated with significant alterations of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell phenotypes. Characterization of the T cell phenotype in cHBV patients may present predicative value for sAg-L. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Scientific and Technological Major Project of China, Integrated Innovative Team for Major Human Diseases Program of Tongji Medical College, “Double-First Class” Project for the International Cooperation Center on Infection and Immunity, HUST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Liu
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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20
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Goyal A. Modeling reveals no direct role of the extent of HBV DNA integrations on the outcome of infection. J Theor Biol 2021; 526:110793. [PMID: 34087271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) with its high prevalence and death toll is one of the most important infectious diseases to study. Yet, there is very little progress in the development of within-host models for HBV, which has subsequently hindered our understanding of this virus. The uncertainty around the proliferation of infected hepatocytes has been studied but never in association with other important biological continuous events such as integrations and superinfections. This is despite the fact that these processes affect the diversity and composition of infected cell population in the liver and an improved understanding of the cellular composition will undoubtedly assist in strategizing against this viral infection. Here, we developed novel mathematical models that incorporate these key biological processes and analyzed them both analytically and numerically. Unaffected by the extent of integrated DNA (IDNA), the outcome of HBV infection was primarily dictated by the balance between processes generating and killing infected hepatocytes containing covalent closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The superinfection was found to be a key process in the spread of HBV infection as its exclusion could not reproduce experimentally observed composition of infected hepatocytes at peak of acute HBV infection, a stage where our model predicts that infected hepatocytes most likely carry both cccDNA and IDNA. Our analysis further suggested the existence of some form of selective advantage of infected hepatocytes containing only IDNA to explain the viral dynamics observed during antiviral treatment and the transition from peak to acute infection. Finally, the fine line between liver destruction and resolution of acute HBV infection was found to be highly influenced by the fate of cccDNA during cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goyal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
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21
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Du Y, Yan H, Zou S, Khera T, Li J, Han M, Yang X, Wang B, Liu J, Sun S, Zheng X, Dittmer U, Lu M, Yang D, Wedemeyer H, Wu J. Natural Killer Cells Regulate the Maturation of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Thereby Promoting Intrahepatic T-Cell Responses in a Mouse Model. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:865-881. [PMID: 34027274 PMCID: PMC8122378 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional maturation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) plays an important role in intrahepatic T-cell activation and control of viral infections. Natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to prompt the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially for dendritic cells (DCs), but the interaction between NK cells and LSECs is elusive. Here, we investigated whether and how NK cells are involved in regulating LSEC maturation and if this has a role in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a mouse model. A chronic HBV replication mouse model was established by hydrodynamic injection (HI) of 6 µg adeno-associated virus plasmid (pAAV)/HBV 1.2. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) ligand diaminopemelic acid (DAP) was imported into liver by HI at day 14 after plasmid injection. We found that HI of DAP recruited conventional NK cells (cNK) into the liver and promoted tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of NK cells in a chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3)-dependent manner. Importantly, the maturation of LSECs and the anti-HBV effects of DAP were impaired in CXCR3-/- mice; this possibly was associated with the decreased number of intrahepatic cNK cells. Consistently, depleting cNK cells but not liver-resident NK cells also impaired the maturation and antigen-presenting function of LSECs, which reduced intrahepatic HBV-specific T-cell responses and thus inhibited HBV clearance both in wild-type and in Rag1-/- mice. Moreover, TNF-α or IFN-γ stimulation as well as coculture with intrahepatic NK cells partly promoted LSEC phenotypic and functional maturation in vitro. Conclusion: NOD1-triggered NK cell activation may lead to the enhancement of intrahepatic T-cell responses by promoting maturation of LSECs through soluble cytokines and cell-cell contact, thereby controlling HBV replication and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Du
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research GroupState Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Meihong Han
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuilin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for VirologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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22
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Liu J, Yang X, Wang H, Li Z, Deng H, Liu J, Xiong S, He J, Feng X, Guo C, Wang W, Zelinskyy G, Trilling M, Sutter K, Senff T, Menne C, Timm J, Zhang Y, Deng F, Lu Y, Wu J, Lu M, Yang D, Dittmer U, Wang B, Zheng X. Analysis of the Long-Term Impact on Cellular Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals Reveals a Profound NKT Cell Impairment. mBio 2021; 12:e00085-21. [PMID: 33906918 PMCID: PMC8092197 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00085-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected over 120 million people and killed over 2.7 million individuals by March 2021. While acute and intermediate interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system have been studied extensively, long-term impacts on the cellular immune system remain to be analyzed. Here, we comprehensively characterized immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 49 COVID-19-convalescent individuals (CI) in comparison to 27 matched SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals (UI). Despite recovery from the disease for more than 2 months, CI showed significant decreases in frequencies of invariant NKT and NKT-like cells compared to UI. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT-like cells, an increase in the percentage of annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) double-positive NKT-like cells was detected, suggesting that the reduction in NKT-like cells results from cell death months after recovery. Significant increases in regulatory T cell frequencies and TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells were also observed in CI, while the cytotoxic potential of T cells and NKT-like cells, defined by granzyme B (GzmB) expression, was significantly diminished. However, both CD4 and CD8 T cells of CI showed increased Ki67 expression and were fully able to proliferate and produce effector cytokines upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive characterization of immune signatures in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease.IMPORTANCE Wuhan was the very first city hit by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the patients who experienced the longest phase of convalescence following COVID-19 reside here. This enabled us to investigate the "immunological scar" left by SARS-CoV-2 on cellular immunity after recovery from the disease. In this study, we characterized the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune system and provide a comprehensive picture of cellular immunity of a convalescent COVID-19 patient cohort with the longest recovery time. We revealed that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease; in particular, a profound NKT cell impairment was found in the convalescent phase of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shue Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tina Senff
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Menne
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Huang H, Rückborn M, Le-Trilling VTK, Zhu D, Yang S, Zhou W, Yang X, Feng X, Lu Y, Lu M, Dittmer U, Yang D, Trilling M, Liu J. Prophylactic and therapeutic HBV vaccination by an HBs-expressing cytomegalovirus vector lacking an interferon antagonist in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:393-407. [PMID: 33029793 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines show promising effects against chronic infections in nonhuman primates. Therefore, we examined the potential of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines based on mouse CMV (MCMV) vectors expressing the small HBsAg. Immunological consequences of vaccine virus attenuation were addressed by either replacing the dispensable gene m157 ("MCMV-HBsȍ) or the gene M27 ("ΔM27-HBs"), the latter encodes a potent IFN antagonist targeting the transcription factor STAT2. M27 was chosen, since human CMV encodes an analogous gene product, which also induced proteasomal STAT2 degradation by exploiting Cullin RING ubiquitin ligases. Vaccinated mice were challenged with HBV through hydrodynamic injection. MCMV-HBs and ΔM27-HBs vaccination achieved accelerated HBV clearance in serum and liver as well as robust HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. When we explored the therapeutic potential of MCMV-based vaccines, especially the combination of ΔM27-HBs prime and DNA boost vaccination resulted in increased intrahepatic HBs-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and HBV clearance in persistently infected mice. Our results demonstrated that vaccines based on a replication competent MCMV attenuated through the deletion of an IFN antagonist targeting STAT2 elicit robust anti-HBV immune responses and mediate HBV clearance in mice in prophylactic and therapeutic immunization regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meike Rückborn
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Mo S, Gu L, Xu W, Liu J, Ding D, Wang Z, Yang J, Kong L, Zhao Y. Bifunctional macromolecule activating both OX40 and interferon-α signaling displays potent therapeutic effects in mouse HBV and tumor models. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107099. [PMID: 33091819 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Combinatory enhancement of innate and adaptive immune responses is a promising strategy in immunotherapeutic drug development. Bifunctional macromolecules that simultaneously target two mechanisms may provide additional advantages over the combination of targeting two single pathways. Interferon alpha (IFNα) has been used clinically against viral infection such as the chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (CHB) as well as some types of cancers. OX40 is a costimulatory immune checkpoint molecule involved in the activation of T lymphocytes. To test whether simultaneously activating IFNα and OX40 signaling pathway could produce a synergistic therapeutic effect on CHB and tumors, we designed a bifunctional fusion protein composed of a mouse OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibody (OX86) and a mouse IFNα4, joined by a flexible (GGGGS)3 linker. This fusion protein, termed OX86-IFN, can activate both IFNα and OX40. We demonstrated that OX86-IFN could effectively activate T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of mice. Furthermore, we showed that OX86-IFN had superior therapeutic effect to monotherapies in HBV hydrodynamic transfection and syngeneic tumor models. Collectively, our data suggests that simultaneously targeting interferon and OX40 signaling pathways by bifunctional molecule OX86-IFN elicits potent antiviral and antitumor activities, which could provide a new strategy in developing therapeutic agents against viral infection and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Liyun Gu
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Dong Ding
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Nanjing U-Mab Biopharma Co., Ltd, 699-8 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, PR China.
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25
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Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091051. [PMID: 32967229 PMCID: PMC7551039 DOI: 10.3390/v12091051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As evidence has mounted that virus-infected cells, such as cancer cells, negatively regulate the function of T-cells via immune checkpoints, it has become increasingly clear that viral infections similarly exploit immune checkpoints as an immune system escape mechanism. Although immune checkpoint therapy has been successfully used in cancer treatment, numerous studies have suggested that such therapy may also be highly relevant for treating viral infection, especially chronic viral infections. However, it has not yet been applied in this manner. Here, we reviewed recent findings regarding immune checkpoints in viral infections, including COVID-19, and discussed the role of immune checkpoints in different viral infections, as well as the potential for applying immune checkpoint blockades as antiviral therapy.
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26
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Kobos L, Alqahtani S, Xia L, Coltellino V, Kishman R, McIlrath D, Perez-Torres C, Shannahan J. Comparison of silver nanoparticle-induced inflammatory responses between healthy and metabolic syndrome mouse models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:249-268. [PMID: 32281499 PMCID: PMC7493428 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1748779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are utilized in surgical implants and medical textiles, thus providing access to the circulation. While research has been conducted primarily in healthy models, AgNP-induced toxicity evaluations in disease conditions are critical, as many individuals have preexisting conditions. Specifically, over 20% of United States adults suffer from metabolic syndrome (MetS). It was hypothesized that MetS may increase susceptibility to AgNP-mediated toxicity due to induction of differential inflammation and altered biodistribution. Mice were injected with 2 mg/kg AgNPs, and organs assessed for inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, TGF-β, HO-1, IL-4, IL-13), and Ag content. AgNPs were determined to induce differential inflammation in healthy and MetS mice. While AgNP exposure increased TNF-α, CXCL1, TGF-β, HO-1, and IL-4 expression within healthy mouse spleens, MetS-treated animals demonstrated decreased CXCL1, IL-4, and IL-13 expression. Healthy and MetS mice livers exhibited similar inflammatory responses to one another. AgNPs localized primarily to the liver and spleen, although Ag was present in all examined organs. In organs of minor AgNP deposition, such as kidney, gene expression was variable. Induction of inflammatory genes did not correspond with biodistribution, suggesting disease-related variations in AgNP-mediated adverse responses. These findings indicate that disease may influence inflammation and biodistribution, impacting AgNP clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- National Center for Pharmaceuticals, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Xia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Vincent Coltellino
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Riley Kishman
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel McIlrath
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Torres
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jonathan Shannahan, School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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27
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Cruel to Be Kind: Epithelial, Microbial, and Immune Cell Interactions in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 38:649-671. [PMID: 32040356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082019-081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a critical role for inflammation and adaptive immunity in the onset of cancer and in shaping its response to therapy. These data are particularly robust for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as those affecting the GI tract, liver, and pancreas, on which this review is focused. We propose a unifying hypothesis according to which intestinal barrier disruption is the origin of tumor-promoting inflammation that acts in conjunction with tissue-specific cancer-initiating mutations. The gut microbiota and its products impact tissue-resident and recruited myeloid cells that promote tumorigenesis through secretion of growth- and survival-promoting cytokines that act on epithelial cells, as well as fibrogenic and immunosuppressive cytokines that interfere with the proper function of adaptive antitumor immunity. Understanding these relationships should improve our ability to prevent cancer development and stimulate the immune system to eliminate existing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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28
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Boeijen LL, Spaan M, Boonstra A. The effects of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues on host immune cells: the baseline for future immune therapy for HBV? Antivir Ther 2020; 25:181-191. [PMID: 32589166 DOI: 10.3851/imp3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HBV is a non-cytopathic virus and the progression of liver fibrosis is attributed to the host immune response. Complete suppression of viral replication using nucleotide or nucleoside analogues (NUCs) can prevent most complications related to chronic HBV infection. Unfortunately, antiviral treatment has to be administered lifelong to the majority of patients as HBV persists in the hepatocytes. However, although NUCs are very frequently administered in clinical practice, their effects on vital parts of the host immune response to HBV are not well established. In this review we summarize the currently available data gathered from longitudinal studies that investigated treatment-associated alterations of HBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. These observations are important, as they can guide the design of studies that investigate the efficacy of new immune therapeutic agents. Novel experimental compounds will likely be added to ongoing NUC treatment, which leads to a functional cure in only a small minority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauke L Boeijen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Spaan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Yang S, Wang L, Pan W, Bayer W, Thoens C, Heim K, Dittmer U, Timm J, Wang Q, Yu Q, Luo J, Liu Y, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Zhang X, Chen H, Wang H, Feng X, Yang X, Lu Y, Lu M, Yang D, Liu J. MMP2/MMP9-mediated CD100 shedding is crucial for inducing intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses and HBV clearance. J Hepatol 2019; 71:685-698. [PMID: 31173811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD100 is constitutively expressed on T cells and can be cleaved from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to become soluble CD100 (sCD100). Both membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) and sCD100 have important immune regulatory functions that promote immune cell activation and responses. This study investigated the expression and role of mCD100 and sCD100 in regulating antiviral immune responses during HBV infection. METHODS mCD100 expression on T cells, sCD100 levels in the serum, and MMP expression in the liver and serum were analysed in patients with chronic HBV (CHB) and in HBV-replicating mice. The ability of sCD100 to mediate antigen-presenting cell maturation, HBV-specific T cell activation, and HBV clearance were analysed in HBV-replicating mice and patients with CHB. RESULTS Patients with CHB had higher mCD100 expression on T cells and lower serum sCD100 levels compared with healthy controls. Therapeutic sCD100 treatment resulted in the activation of DCs and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, enhanced HBV-specific CD8 T cell responses, and accelerated HBV clearance, whereas blockade of its receptor CD72 attenuated the intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell response. Together with MMP9, MMP2 mediated mCD100 shedding from the T cell surface. Patients with CHB had significantly lower serum MMP2 levels, which positively correlated with serum sCD100 levels, compared with healthy controls. Inhibition of MMP2/9 activity resulted in an attenuated anti-HBV T cell response and delayed HBV clearance in mice. CONCLUSIONS MMP2/9-mediated sCD100 release has an important role in regulating intrahepatic anti-HBV CD8 T cell responses, thus mediating subsequent viral clearance during HBV infection. LAY SUMMARY Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The clearance of HBV relies largely on an effective T cell immune response, which usually becomes dysregulated in chronic HBV infection. Our study provides a new mechanism to elucidate HBV persistence and a new target for developing immunotherapy strategies in patients chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Christine Thoens
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Joerg Timm
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinzhuo Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Hepatology Unit and Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510551, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 510632, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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30
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Chen Y, Tian Z. HBV-Induced Immune Imbalance in the Development of HCC. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2048. [PMID: 31507621 PMCID: PMC6718466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the high-risk factors for human HCC. Despite the integration of virus DNA and the oncoprotein HBx, chronic necroinflammation and hepatocellular regeneration account for hepatocarcinogenesis. As a non-cytopathic virus, HBV is extensively recognized to mediate chronic liver damage through abnormal immune attack. However, the mechanisms driving HBV infection to HCC are poorly understood. During chronic HBV infection in humans, the adaptive immunity changes from immune tolerance to progressive immune activation, inactivation, reactivation and exhaustion, all of which may be the immune pathogenic factors for the development of HCC. Recently, the immunopathogenic mechanisms were described in mouse HBV-induced HCC models, which is absolutely dependent on the presence of HBV-specific T cell response and NK cell-derived IFN-γ, findings which are consistent with the observations from CHB and HCC patients. In this review, we summarize recent research progression on the HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, and also CD4+ T cells, B cells and non-specific immune cells and molecules underlying chronic HBV infection and eventual HCC development to demonstrate the pathogenesis of HBV-induced immune imbalance. Based on the progression, we discussed the potential of immune-based therapies and their challenges in the treatment of HBV-related HCC, including the checkpoint inhibition, genetically modified T cell transfer, therapeutic vaccines and metabolic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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31
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Wang YG, Zheng DH, Shi M, Xu XM. T cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer: evidence from transcriptome analysis. J Med Genet 2018; 56:22-28. [PMID: 30518547 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell dysfunction occurs in many diseases, especially in chronic virus infection and cancers. However, up to now, little is known on the distinctions in T cell exhaustion between cancer and chronic virus infection. The objective of this study is to explore the transcriptional similarities and differences in exhausted CD8 +T cell between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to compare the transcriptome of CD8 +T cells isolated from healthy donors' blood, tumour tissues of patients with HCC and chronic HBV infected HCC patients' paracancerous tissues. DESeq2 algorithm was used to determine differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted for in-depth analysis of these differentially expressed genes. RESULTS A total number of 2109 and 2203 genes were differentially expressed in patients with chronic HBV infection and HCC, respectively. Comparing these two groups of differentially deregulated genes, we found that nearly half of them were shared, and these shared genes were further classified into several functional categories, such as metabolic process, binding and intracellular organelle. KEGG analysis revealed that these shared deregulated genes were involved in many important pathways such as Parkinson's disease, oxidative phosphorylation and messenger RNA surveillance. Interestingly, we reported that chronic HBV infection specific deregulated genes were mainly enriched in graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. Whereas, HCC-specific deregulated genes were highly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, thyroid cancer and endometrial cancer pathways. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that T cell dysfunction associated with HCC and chronic HBV infection shares high similarities, however, each possesses its own features in terms of specific genes and signalling pathways. Uncovering the differences of T cells dysfunction would facilitate our understanding the diseases pathogenesis and developing innovative therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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32
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Gao F, Xu JC, Zhu L, Chen H, Zhu XY, You XR, Li SX, Zhu CL, Yang C, Zhu CW, Xu P. Clinical Significance of B7-H3 Expression During the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:668-675. [PMID: 30481143 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H3, one of the costimulatory members participating in checkpoint pathway, has been shown to be upregulated after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To further explore the clinical significance of dynamic B7-H3 expression during the progression of HBV infection, we systematically investigated the expression pattern of B7-H3 and the correlation of B7-H3 expression with the ratio of T lymphocyte subsets and clinical parameters at different stages in the course of the disease. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data showed that soluble form of B7-H3 (sB7-H3) was positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells in acute hepatitis B (AHB), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and hepatocellular carcinoma patients with HBV infection (HBV-HCC). Membrane form of B7-H3 (mB7-H3) expressed on Treg cells and monocytes was positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells in CHB. SB7-H3 had relationship with mB7-H3 expressed on Treg cells and monocytes at different stages during HBV infection, except for HBV-HCC. MB7-H3 expressed on Treg cells was positively correlated with that on monocytes in AHB, CHB, HBV-liver cirrhosis, and HBV-HCC. The B7-H3 expression was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in CHB and sB7-H3 level was higher in late tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage in HCC. Higher mB7-H3 expression was associated with greater tumor size, later TNM stage, and worse prognosis in HBV-HCC indicated by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these results suggested that B7-H3 might contribute to the progression of HBV infection by triggering inhibitory signals in effector T cells and it was closely associated with the progression and poor prognosis during HBV infection. B7-H3 could be utilized as a potential clinical indicator and a potential target for therapeutic strategies against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ran You
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xiang Li
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Lu Zhu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, P.R. China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Wu Zhu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
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33
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Pan E, Feng F, Li P, Yang Q, Ma X, Wu C, Zhao J, Yan H, Chen R, Chen L, Sun C. Immune Protection of SIV Challenge by PD-1 Blockade During Vaccination in Rhesus Monkeys. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2415. [PMID: 30405615 PMCID: PMC6206945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Though immune correlates for protection are still under investigation, potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are desirable for an ideal HIV-1 vaccine. PD-1 blockade enhances SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. However, little information has been reported about how it affects the immunogenicity and protection of prophylactic SIV vaccines in nonhuman primates. Here, we show that PD-1 blockade during vaccination substantially improved protective efficacy in SIV challenged macaques. The PD-1 pathway was blocked using a monoclonal antibody specific to human PD-1. Administration of this antibody effectively augmented and sustained vaccine-induced SIV-specific T cell responses for more than 42 weeks after first immunization in rhesus monkeys, as compared with SIV vaccination only. Importantly, after intrarectally repeated low-dosage challenge with highly pathogenic SIVmac239, monkeys with PD-1 blockade during vaccination achieved full protection against incremental viral doses of up to 50,000 TICD50. These findings highlight the importance of PD-1 blockade during vaccination for the development of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Rulei Chen
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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34
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Shen XH, Xu P, Yu X, Song HF, Chen H, Zhang XG, Wu MY, Wang XF. Discrepant Clinical Significance of CD28 +CD8 - and CD4 +CD25 high Regulatory T Cells During the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:548-558. [PMID: 30117787 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that CD8+CD28- regulatory T cells increase in chronic viral infection as well as tumorigenesis. However, it is still not clear about their characteristics in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In addition, it is not understood whether this regulatory immune subset is distinct from CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in the aspect of impact on or relationship to the progression of HBV infection. Hence, we investigated their dynamics and compared their correlations with clinical parameters in the chronic and advanced phases of HBV infection. The data showed that compared with healthy controls, the frequencies of CD28+CD8- and CD4+CD25high T cells increased in both chronic and advanced phases, while there is no significant difference between the two case groups. Interestingly, we found that in chronic phase, the frequency of CD8+CD28- subset was negatively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), respectively, and did not present association with HBV DNA load, whereas that of CD4+CD25high T cells was positively correlated with HBV DNA load and the levels of ALT and AST, respectively. Amazingly, in advanced phase, the frequency of CD4+CD25high T cells was negatively correlated with HBV DNA load and the levels of ALT, respectively, while there is no significant correlation between the frequency of CD8+CD28- subset and those clinical parameters. Thereby, our findings demonstrated that CD28+CD8- and CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells might exert distinct effect on modulating antiviral immune responses and mitigate immunomediated liver damage in different phases of HBV infection, which represent potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HBV-infected patients based on further exploration of detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Shen
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Yu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,3 Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital , Suzhou, China
| | - Hua-Feng Song
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- 4 Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ying Wu
- 2 The Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,5 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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