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Salihovic S, Nyström N, Mathisen CBW, Kruse R, Olbjørn C, Andersen S, Noble AJ, Dorn-Rasmussen M, Bazov I, Perminow G, Opheim R, Detlie TE, Huppertz-Hauss G, Hedin CRH, Carlson M, Öhman L, Magnusson MK, Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD, D'Amato M, Orešič M, Wewer V, Satsangi J, Lindqvist CM, Burisch J, Uhlig HH, Repsilber D, Hyötyläinen T, Høivik ML, Halfvarson J. Identification and validation of a blood- based diagnostic lipidomic signature of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4567. [PMID: 38830848 PMCID: PMC11148148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Improved biomarkers are needed for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Here we identify a diagnostic lipidomic signature for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease by analyzing blood samples from a discovery cohort of incident treatment-naïve pediatric patients and validating findings in an independent inception cohort. The lipidomic signature comprising of only lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and phosphatidylcholine (18:0p/22:6) improves the diagnostic prediction compared with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Adding high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to the signature does not improve its performance. In patients providing a stool sample, the diagnostic performance of the lipidomic signature and fecal calprotectin, a marker of gastrointestinal inflammation, does not substantially differ. Upon investigation in a third pediatric cohort, the findings of increased lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and decreased phosphatidylcholine (18:0p/22:6) absolute concentrations are confirmed. Translation of the lipidomic signature into a scalable diagnostic blood test for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease has the potential to support clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salihovic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Niklas Nyström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Bache-Wiig Mathisen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christine Olbjørn
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Svend Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Alexandra J Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Dorn-Rasmussen
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Igor Bazov
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gøri Perminow
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Opheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Espen Detlie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vibeke Wewer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Mårten Lindqvist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johan Burisch
- Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Gastrounit, medical division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Marte Lie Høivik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Lin Q, Kuypers M, Baglaenko Y, Cao E, Hezaveh K, Despot T, de Amat Herbozo C, Cruz Tleugabulova M, Umaña JM, McGaha TL, Philpott DJ, Mallevaey T. The intestinal microbiota modulates the transcriptional landscape of iNKT cells at steady-state and following antigen exposure. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:226-237. [PMID: 38331095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells that respond to microbe-derived glycolipid antigens. iNKT cells exert fast innate effector functions that regulate immune responses in a variety of contexts, including during infection, cancer, or inflammation. The roles these unconventional T cells play in intestinal inflammation remain poorly defined and vary based on the disease model and species. Our previous work suggested that the gut microbiota influenced iNKT cell functions during dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. This study, shows that iNKT cell homeostasis and response following activation are altered in germ-free mice. Using prenatal fecal transplant in specific pathogen-free mice, we show that the transcriptional signatures of iNKT cells at steady state and following αGC-mediated activation in vivo are modulated by the microbiota. Our data suggest that iNKT cells sense the microbiota at homeostasis independently of their T cell receptors. Finally, iNKT cell transcriptional signatures are different in male and female mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that sex and the intestinal microbiota are important factors that regulate iNKT cell homeostasis and responses. A deeper understanding of microbiota-iNKT cell interactions and the impact of sex could improve the development of iNKT cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Lin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meggie Kuypers
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tijana Despot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Sharma SR, Choudhary SK, Vorobiov J, Commins SP, Karim S. Tick bite-induced alpha-gal syndrome and immunologic responses in an alpha-gal deficient murine model. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1336883. [PMID: 38390396 PMCID: PMC10882631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is a delayed allergic reaction due to specific IgE antibodies targeting galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate found in red meat. This condition has gained significant attention globally due to its increasing prevalence, with more than 450,000 cases estimated just in the United States alone. Previous research has established a connection between AGS and tick bites, which sensitize individuals to α-gal antigens and elevate the levels of specific IgE. However, the precise mechanism by which tick bites influence the host's immune system and contribute to the development of AGS remains poorly understood. This study investigates various factors related to ticks and the host associated with the development of AGS following a tick bite, using mice with a targeted disruption of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) as a model organism. Methods Lone-star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and gulf-coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) nymphs were used to sensitize AGKO mice, followed by pork meat challenge. Tick bite site biopsies from sensitized and non-sensitized mice were subjected to mRNA gene expression analysis to assess the host immune response. Antibody responses in sensitized mice were also determined. Results Our results showed a significant increase in the total IgE, IgG1, and α-gal IgG1 antibodies titers in the lone-star tick-sensitized AGKO mice compared to the gulf-coast tick-sensitized mice. Pork challenge in Am. americanum -sensitized mice led to a decline in body temperature after the meat challenge. Gene expression analysis revealed that Am. americanum bites direct mouse immunity toward Th2 and facilitate host sensitization to the α-gal antigen. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that specific tick species may increase the risk of developing α-gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions or AGS, thereby providing opportunities for future research on the mechanistic role of tick and host-related factors in AGS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Raj Sharma
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Shailesh K. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julia Vorobiov
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Scott P. Commins
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Shao K, Krishnamurthy P, Gershwin ME, Leung PSC, Sokke Umeshappa C. Invariant natural killer T cells in autoimmune cholangiopathies: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103485. [PMID: 38040101 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) constitute a specialized subset of lymphocytes that bridges innate and adaptive immunity through a combination of traits characteristic of both conventional T cells and innate immune cells. iNKT cells are characterized by their invariant T cell receptors and discerning recognition of lipid antigens, which are presented by the non-classical MHC molecule, CD1d. Within the hepatic milieu, iNKT cells hold heightened prominence, contributing significantly to the orchestration of organ homeostasis. Their unique positioning to interact with diverse cellular entities, ranging from epithelial constituents like hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to immunocytes including Kupffer cells, B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells, imparts them with potent immunoregulatory abilities. Emergering knowledge of liver iNKT cells subsets enable to explore their therapeutic potential in autoimmne liver diseases. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of iNKT cell investigations in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, with a particular focus on primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, across murine models and human subjects to unravel the intricate involvements of iNKT cells in liver autoimmunity. Additionally, we also highlight the prospectives of iNKT cells as therapeutic targets in cholangiopathies. Modulation of the equilibrium between regulatory and proinflammatory iNKT subsets can be defining determinant in the dynamics of hepatic autoimmunity. This discernment not only enriches our foundational comprehension but also lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to navigate the multifaceted landscape of liver autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Méndez Y, Vasco AV, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Yousefi M, Davari MD, Wessjohann LA, Guzmán CA, Rivera DG, Westermann B. Diversification of a Novel α-Galactosyl Ceramide Hotspot Boosts the Adjuvant Properties in Parenteral and Mucosal Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310983. [PMID: 37857582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of potent adjuvants is an important step for improving the performance of subunit vaccines. CD1d agonists, such as the prototypical α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer), are of special interest due to their ability to activate iNKT cells and trigger rapid dendritic cell maturation and B-cell activation. Herein, we introduce a novel derivatization hotspot at the α-GalCer skeleton, namely the N-substituent at the amide bond. The multicomponent diversification of this previously unexplored glycolipid chemotype space permitted the introduction of a variety of extra functionalities that can either potentiate the adjuvant properties or serve as handles for further conjugation to antigens toward the development of self-adjuvanting vaccines. This strategy led to the discovery of compounds eliciting enhanced antigen-specific T cell stimulation and a higher antibody response when delivered by either the parenteral or the mucosal route, as compared to a known potent CD1d agonist. Notably, various functionalized α-GalCer analogues showed a more potent adjuvant effect after intranasal immunization than a PEGylated α-GalCer analogue previously optimized for this purpose. Ultimately, this work could open multiple avenues of opportunity for the use of mucosal vaccines against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Méndez
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Aldrin V Vasco
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
- Finlay Institute of Vaccines, 200 and 21 Street, Havana, 11600, Cuba
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle, Saale), Germany
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Carriero F, Rubino V, Leone S, Montanaro R, Brancaleone V, Ruggiero G, Terrazzano G. Regulatory T R3-56 Cells in the Complex Panorama of Immune Activation and Regulation. Cells 2023; 12:2841. [PMID: 38132162 PMCID: PMC10742044 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between immune activation and immune regulation is a fundamental aspect of the functional harmony of the immune system. This delicate balance is essential to triggering correct and effective immune responses against pathogens while preventing excessive inflammation and the immunopathogenic mechanisms of autoimmunity. The knowledge of all the mechanisms involved in immune regulation is not yet definitive, and, probably, the overall picture is much broader than what has been described in the scientific literature so far. Given the plasticity of the immune system and the diversity of organisms, it is highly probable that numerous other cells and molecules are still to be ascribed to the immune regulation process. Here, we report a general overview of how immune activation and regulation interact, based on the involvement of molecules and cells specifically dedicated to these processes. In addition, we discuss the role of TR3-56 lymphocytes as a new cellular candidate in the immune regulation landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Carriero
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Stefania Leone
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera A. Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.); (V.B.)
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Cuño-Gómiz C, de Gregorio E, Tutusaus A, Rider P, Andrés-Sánchez N, Colell A, Morales A, Marí M. Sex-based differences in natural killer T cell-mediated protection against diet-induced steatohepatitis in Balb/c mice. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:85. [PMID: 37964320 PMCID: PMC10644614 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent in Western countries, evolving into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with a sexual dimorphism. Fertile women exhibit lower MASLD risk than men, which diminishes post-menopause. While NKT-cell involvement in steatohepatitis is debated, discrepancies may stem from varied mouse strains used, predominantly C57BL6/J with Th1-dominant responses. Exploration of steatohepatitis, encompassing both genders, using Balb/c background, with Th2-dominant immune response, and CD1d-deficient mice in the Balb/c background (lacking Type I and Type II NKT cells) can clarify gender disparities and NKT-cell influence on MASH progression. METHODS A high fat and choline-deficient (HFCD) diet was used in male and female mice, Balb/c mice or CD1d-/- mice in the Balb/c background that exhibit a Th2-dominant immune response. Liver fibrosis and inflammatory gene expression were measured by qPCR, and histology assessment. NKT cells, T cells, macrophages and neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Female mice displayed milder steatohepatitis after 6 weeks of HFCD, showing reduced liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to males. Male Balb/c mice exhibited NKT-cell protection against steatohepatitis whereas CD1d-/- males on HFCD presented decreased hepatoprotection, increased liver fibrosis, inflammation, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory macrophages. In contrast, the NKT-cell role was negligible in early steatohepatitis development in both female mice, as fibrosis and inflammation were similar despite augmented liver damage in CD1d-/- females. Relevant, hepatic type I NKT levels in female Balb/c mice were significantly lower than in male. CONCLUSIONS NKT cells exert a protective role against experimental steatohepatitis as HFCD-treated CD1d-/- males had more severe fibrosis and inflammation than male Balb/c mice. In females, the HFCD-induced hepatocellular damage and the immune response are less affected by NKT cells on early steatohepatitis progression, underscoring sex-specific NKT-cell influence in MASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuño-Gómiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tutusaus
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Rider
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andrés-Sánchez
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier (IGMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB, CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sharma SR, Choudhary SK, Vorobiov J, Commins SP, Karim S. Tick bite-induced Alpha-Gal Syndrome and Immunologic Responses in an Alpha-Gal Deficient Murine Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566281. [PMID: 38014105 PMCID: PMC10680608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is a delayed allergic reaction due to specific IgE antibodies targeting galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate found in red meat. This condition has gained significant attention globally due to its increasing prevalence, with more than 450,000 cases estimated in the United States alone. Previous research has established a connection between AGS and tick bites, which sensitize individuals to α-gal antigens and elevate the levels of α-gal specific IgE. However, the precise mechanism by which tick bites influence the hosťs immune system and contribute to the development of AGS remains poorly understood. This study investigates various factors related to ticks and the host associated with the development of AGS following a tick bite, using mice with a targeted disruption of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (AGKO) as a model organism. Methods Lone-star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and gulf-coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) nymphs were used to sensitize AGKO mice, followed by pork meat challenge. Tick bite site biopsies from sensitized and non-sensitized mice were subjected to mRNA gene expression analysis to assess the host immune response. Antibody responses in sensitized mice were also determined. Results Our results showed a significant increase in the titer of total IgE, IgG1, and α-gal IgG1 antibodies in the lone-star tick-sensitized AGKO mice compared to the gulf-coast tick-sensitized mice. Pork challenge in Am. americanum -sensitized mice led to a decline in body temperature after the meat challenge. Gene expression analysis revealed that Am. americanum bites direct mouse immunity toward Th2 and facilitate host sensitization to the α-gal antigen, while Am. maculatum did not. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that specific tick species may increase the risk of developing α-gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions or AGS, thereby providing opportunities for future research on the mechanistic role of tick and host-related factors in AGS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Raj Sharma
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Shailesh K Choudhary
- Department of Medicine & Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA
| | - Julia Vorobiov
- Department of Medicine & Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA
| | - Scott P Commins
- Department of Medicine & Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environment and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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9
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Cameron G, Nguyen T, Ciula M, Williams SJ, Godfrey DI. Glycolipids from the gut symbiont Bacteroides fragilis are agonists for natural killer T cells and induce their regulatory differentiation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7887-7896. [PMID: 37502334 PMCID: PMC10370605 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a lipid-antigen reactive T cell subset that is restricted to the antigen presenting molecule CD1d. They possess diverse functional properties that contribute to inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. The most studied lipid antigen target for these T cells is α-galactosylceramide (αGC). The commensal organism Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) produces several forms of αGC, but conflicting information exists about the influence of these lipids on NKT cells. Herein, we report the total synthesis of a major form of αGC from B. fragilis (Bf αGC), and several analogues thereof. We confirm the T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of these glycolipids by mouse and human NKT cells. Despite the natural structure of Bf αGC containing lipid branching that limits potency, we demonstrate that Bf αGC drives mouse NKT cells to proliferate and differentiate into producers of the immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). These Bf αGC-experienced NKT cells display regulatory function by inhibiting the expansion of naïve NKT cells upon subsequent exposure to this antigen. Moreover, this regulatory activity impacts more than just NKT cells, as demonstrated by the NKT cell-mediated inhibition of antigen-stimulated mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells (a T cell subset restricted to a different antigen presenting molecule, MR1). These findings reveal that B. fragilis-derived NKT cell agonists may have broad immunoregulatory activity, providing insight into the mechanisms influencing immune tolerance to commensal bacteria and highlighting a potential means to manipulate NKT cell function for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marcin Ciula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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10
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Liman N, Park JH. Markers and makers of NKT17 cells. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1090-1098. [PMID: 37258582 PMCID: PMC10317953 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are thymus-generated innate-like αβ T cells that undergo terminal differentiation in the thymus. Such a developmental pathway differs from that of conventional αβ T cells, which are generated in the thymus but complete their functional maturation in peripheral tissues. Multiple subsets of iNKT cells have been described, among which IL-17-producing iNKT cells are commonly referred to as NKT17 cells. IL-17 is considered a proinflammatory cytokine that can play both protective and pathogenic roles and has been implicated as a key regulatory factor in many disease settings. Akin to other iNKT subsets, NKT17 cells acquire their effector function during thymic development. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive NKT17 subset specification, and how iNKT cells in general acquire their effector function prior to antigen encounter, remain largely unknown. Considering that all iNKT cells express the canonical Vα14-Jα18 TCRα chain and all iNKT subsets display the same ligand specificity, i.e., glycolipid antigens in the context of the nonclassical MHC-I molecule CD1d, the conundrum is explaining how thymic NKT17 cell specification is determined. Mapping of the molecular circuitry of NKT17 cell differentiation, combined with the discovery of markers that identify NKT17 cells, has provided new insights into the developmental pathway of NKT17 cells. The current review aims to highlight recent advances in our understanding of thymic NKT17 cell development and to place these findings in the larger context of iNKT subset specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Immunomodulatory Functions of α-GalCer and a Derivative, α-Carba-GalCer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:1-11. [PMID: 36587066 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Certain glycolipids have immunomodulatory potential by activating natural killer T (NKT) cells, a unique T cell subset. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells recognize α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and synthetic derivatives presented by CD1d molecules and secrete large amounts of cytokines that modulate immune functions. Some iNKT cell ligands induce distinct reactions biased toward either Th1 or Th2 immune responses, while others show mixed responses. We describe the methods for activating iNKT cells by the ligands as represented by α-GalCer using in vitro assays, such as cell-free or co-culture with antigen-presenting cells. In addition, α-GalCer/CD1d multimer can be used to specifically detect iNKT cells using flow cytometry. α-GalCer is also utilized to activate systemic iNKT cells in vivo, which leads to the production of high levels of cytokines in sera. Collectively, α-GalCer and its derivatives activate iNKT cells that modulate immune balance, and we need to understand the characteristics of these ligands for developing their utility.
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12
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Xu W, Wan S, Xie B, Song X. Novel potential therapeutic targets of alopecia areata. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148359. [PMID: 37153617 PMCID: PMC10154608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The immune collapse of the hair follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells accumulate, is a key factor in AA. However, the exact functional mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, AA treatment has poor efficacy maintenance and high relapse rate after drug withdrawal. Recent studies show that immune-related cells and molecules affect AA. These cells communicate through autocrine and paracrine signals. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors mediate this crosstalk. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), gut microbiota, hair follicle melanocytes, non-coding RNAs and specific regulatory factors have crucial roles in intercellular communication without a clear cause, suggesting potential new targets for AA therapy. This review discusses the latest research on the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzu Song,
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13
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Early Activation of iNKT Cells Increased Survival Time of BALB/c Mice in a Murine Model of Melioidosis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0026822. [PMID: 36374098 PMCID: PMC9753712 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. High interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in naive mice were reported to mediate protection against B. pseudomallei infection. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can produce and secrete several cytokines, including IFN-γ. When iNKT cell-knockout (KO) BALB/c mice were infected with B. pseudomallei, their survival time was significantly shorter than wild-type mice. Naive BALB/c mice pretreated intraperitoneally with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an iNKT cell activator, 24 h before infection demonstrated 62.5% survival at the early stage, with prolonged survival time compared to nonpretreated infected control mice (14 ± 1 days versus 6 ± 1 days, respectively). At 4 h after injection with α-GalCer, treated mice showed significantly higher levels of serum IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-12 than control mice. Interestingly, the IFN-γ levels in the α-GalCer-pretreated group were decreased at 4, 24, and 48 h after infection, while they were highly increased in the control group. At 24 h postinfection in the α-GalCer group, bacterial loads were significantly lower in blood (no growth and 1,780.00 ± 51.21, P < 0.0001), spleens (no growth and 34,300 ± 1,106.04, P < 0.0001), and livers (1,550 ± 68.72 and 13,400 ± 1,066.67, P < 0.0001) than in the control group, but not in the lungs (15,300 ± 761.10 and 1,320 ± 41.63, P < 0.0001), and almost all were negative at 48 h postinfection. This study for the first time shows that early activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer helps clearance of B. pseudomallei and prolongs mouse survival.
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14
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Opposing Roles of DCs and iNKT Cells in the Induction of Foxp3 Expression by MLN CD25 +CD4 + T Cells during IFNγ-Driven Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315316. [PMID: 36499642 PMCID: PMC9738888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a deficiency of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Yeti mice that exhibit IFNγ-mediated hyper-inflammation. Although iNKT cell-deficiency resulted in reduced Foxp3 expression by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T cells in DSS-treated Yeti mice, the cellular mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression by CD25+CD4+ T cells during intestinal inflammation remain unclear. We found that Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 and Th17 phenotypic hallmarks preferentially expanded in the MLNs of DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Yeti iNKT cells into iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 KO mice effectively suppressed the expansion of MLN Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells during DSS-induced colitis. Interestingly, MLN dendritic cells (DCs) purified from DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice promoted the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells rather than regulatory T (Treg) cells, indicating that MLN DCs might mediate Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cell expansion in iNKT cell-sufficient Yeti mice. Furthermore, we showed that Foxp3-CD25+CD4+ T cells were pathogenic in DSS-treated Yeti/CD1d KO mice. Our result suggests that pro-inflammatory DCs and CD1d-restricted iNKT cells play opposing roles in Foxp3 expression by MLN CD25+CD4+ T cells during IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation, with potential therapeutic implications.
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15
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Li H, Mao H, Chen C, Xu Y, Meng S, Sun T, Zong C. Efficient synthesis of α-galactosylceramide and its C-6 modified analogs. Front Chem 2022; 10:1039731. [PMID: 36505742 PMCID: PMC9732566 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1039731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) and its C-6 modified analogs remains a challenge due to the difficult α-1,2-cis-glycosidic bond. A non-participating benzyl (Bn) protecting group has been commonly used to favor the α-glycosylation product. Here, we report the α-selective glycosylation by using a bulky 4,6-O-di-tert-butylsilylene (DTBS) galactosyl donor, regardless of the 2-benzoyl (Bz) participating group. Compared with Bn, Bz groups can be selectively removed in basic conditions without impacting the C-6 azide modification. The azide has the potential for clicking with alkyne or being easily transformed to other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongzhao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China,*Correspondence: Chengli Zong,
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16
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Park YH, Kim TC, Van Kaer L, Hong S. CD1d-independent NK1.1+ Treg cells are IL2-inducible Foxp3+ T cells co-expressing immunosuppressive and cytotoxic molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951592. [PMID: 36177042 PMCID: PMC9513232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play pivotal roles in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing immunological diseases such as allergy and autoimmunity through their immunosuppressive properties. Although Treg cells are heterogeneous populations with distinct suppressive functions, expression of natural killer (NK) cell receptors (NKR) by these cells remains incompletely explored. Here we identified that a small population of Foxp3+CD4+ Treg cells in mice expresses the NK1.1 NKR. Furthermore, we found that rare NK1.1+ subpopulations among CD4+ Treg cells develop normally in the spleen but not the thymus through CD1d-independent pathways. Compared with NK1.1- conventional Treg cells, these NK1.1+ Treg cells express elevated Treg cell phenotypic hallmarks, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NK cell-related cytolytic mediators. Our results suggest that NK1.1+ Treg cells are phenotypically hybrid cells sharing functional properties of both NK and Treg cells. Interestingly, NK1.1+ Treg cells preferentially expanded in response to recombinant IL2 stimulation in vitro, consistent with their increased IL2Rαβ expression. Moreover, DO11.10 T cell receptor transgenic NK1.1+ Treg cells were expanded in an ovalbumin antigen-specific manner. In the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation, NK1.1+ Treg cells downregulated immunosuppressive molecules but upregulated TNFα production, indicating their plastic adaptation towards a more pro-inflammatory rather than regulatory phenotype. Collectively, we propose that NK1.1+ Treg cells might play a unique role in controlling inflammatory immune responses such as infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Hoo Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seokmann Hong,
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17
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Roles and therapeutic potential of CD1d-Restricted NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979370. [PMID: 36119077 PMCID: PMC9478174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides. Due to their immunoregulatory properties, extensive work has been done to elucidate the immune functions of NKT cells in various immune contexts such as autoimmunity for more than two decades. In addition, as research on barrier immunity such as the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue has flourished in recent years, the role of NKT cells to immunity in the skin has attracted substantial attention. Here, we review the contributions of NKT cells to regulating skin inflammation and discuss the factors that can modulate the functions of NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. This mini-review article will mainly focus on CD1d-dependent NKT cells and their therapeutic potential in skin-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seokmann Hong,
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Cao L, Morgun E, Genardi S, Visvabharathy L, Cui Y, Huang H, Wang CR. METTL14-dependent m 6A modification controls iNKT cell development and function. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111156. [PMID: 35926466 PMCID: PMC9495716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common form of RNA modification, controls CD4+ T cell homeostasis by targeting the IL-7/STAT5/SOCS signaling pathways. The role of m6A modification in unconventional T cell development remains unknown. Using mice with T cell-specific deletion of RNA methyltransferase METTL14 (T-Mettl14−/−), we demonstrate that m6A modification is indispensable for iNKT cell homeostasis. Loss of METTL14-dependent m6A modification leads to the upregulation of apoptosis in double-positive thymocytes, which in turn decreases Vα14-Jα18 gene rearrangements, resulting in drastic reduction of iNKT numbers in the thymus and periphery. Residual T-Mettl14−/− iNKT cells exhibit increased apoptosis, impaired maturation, and decreased responsiveness to IL-2/IL-15 and TCR stimulation. Furthermore, METTL14 knockdown in mature iNKT cells diminishes their cytokine production, correlating with increased Cish expression and decreased TCR signaling. Collectively, our study highlights a critical role for METTL14-dependent-m6A modification in iNKT cell development and function. Cao et al. show that T cell-specific deletion of METTL14, a component of RNA m6A writer complex, leads to severe defects in iNKT cell development, survival, and function. Mechanistically, METTL14-dependent m6A modification controls iNKT cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner by regulating the apoptosis pathway and TCR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samantha Genardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 3-401, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Umeshappa CS, Solé P, Yamanouchi J, Mohapatra S, Surewaard BGJ, Garnica J, Singha S, Mondal D, Cortés-Vicente E, D’Mello C, Mason A, Kubes P, Serra P, Yang Y, Santamaria P. Re-programming mouse liver-resident invariant natural killer T cells for suppressing hepatic and diabetogenic autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3279. [PMID: 35672409 PMCID: PMC9174212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells comprise a heterogeneous group of non-circulating, tissue-resident T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipids, including alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), in the context of CD1d, but whether peripheral iNKT cell subsets are terminally differentiated remains unclear. Here we show that mouse and human liver-resident αGalCer/CD1d-binding iNKTs largely correspond to a novel Zbtb16+Tbx21+Gata3+MaflowRorc– subset that exhibits profound transcriptional, phenotypic and functional plasticity. Repetitive in vivo encounters of these liver iNKT (LiNKT) cells with intravenously delivered αGalCer/CD1d-coated nanoparticles (NP) trigger their differentiation into immunoregulatory, IL-10+IL-21-producing Zbtb16highMafhighTbx21+Gata3+Rorc– cells, termed LiNKTR1, expressing a T regulatory type 1 (TR1)-like transcriptional signature. This response is LiNKT-specific, since neither lung nor splenic tissue-resident iNKT cells from αGalCer/CD1d-NP-treated mice produce IL-10 or IL-21. Additionally, these LiNKTR1 cells suppress autoantigen presentation, and recognize CD1d expressed on conventional B cells to induce IL-10+IL-35-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells, leading to the suppression of liver and pancreas autoimmunity. Our results thus suggest that LiNKT cells are plastic for further functional diversification, with such plasticity potentially targetable for suppressing tissue-specific inflammatory phenomena.
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Sokke Umeshappa C, Geuking MB. The impact of the gut microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:221. [PMID: 35377005 PMCID: PMC11072498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is critical for the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and is instrumental in educating the local as well as systemic immune system. In addition, it also impacts the development and function of peripheral organs, such as liver, lung, and the brain, in health and disease. However, whether and how the intestinal microbiota has an impact on T cell ontogeny in the hymus remains largely unclear. Recently, the impact of molecules and metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus has been investigated in more detail. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings in the emerging field of the gut-thymus axis and we will highlight the current questions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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21
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Burrello C, Strati F, Lattanzi G, Diaz-Basabe A, Mileti E, Giuffrè MR, Lopez G, Cribiù FM, Trombetta E, Kallikourdis M, Cremonesi M, Conforti F, Botti F, Porretti L, Rescigno M, Vecchi M, Fantini MC, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. IL10 Secretion Endows Intestinal Human iNKT Cells with Regulatory Functions Towards Pathogenic T Lymphocytes. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1461-1474. [PMID: 35358301 PMCID: PMC9455792 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invariant natural killer T [iNKT] cells perform pleiotropic functions in different tissues by secreting a vast array of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules. However, the presence and function of human intestinal iNKT cells capable of secreting immunomodulatory molecules such as IL-10 has never been reported so far. Here we describe for the first time the presence of IL10-producing iNKT cells [NKT10 cells] in the intestinal lamina propria of healthy individuals and of Crohn's disease [CD] patients. METHODS Frequency and phenotype of NKT10 cells were analysed ex vivo from intestinal specimens of Crohn's disease [n = 17] and controls [n = 7]. Stable CD-derived intestinal NKT10 cell lines were used to perform in vitro suppression assays and co-cultures with patient-derived mucosa-associated microbiota. Experimental colitis models were performed by adoptive cell transfer of splenic naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of IL10-sufficient or -deficient iNKT cells. In vivo induction of NKT10 cells was performed by administration of short chain fatty acids [SCFA] by oral gavage. RESULTS Patient-derived intestinal NKT10 cells demonstrated suppressive capabilities towards pathogenic CD4+ T cells. The presence of increased proportions of mucosal NKT10 cells associated with better clinical outcomes in CD patients. Moreover, an intestinal microbial community enriched in SCFA-producing bacteria sustained the production of IL10 by iNKT cells. Finally, IL10-deficient iNKT cells failed to control the pathogenic activity of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells in an experimental colitis model. CONCLUSIONS These results describe an unprecedentd IL10-mediated immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in controlling the pathogenic functions of mucosal T helper subsets and in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Current address: Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Erika Mileti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Conforti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Corresponding author: Dr Federica Facciotti, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20135, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Lambert K, Moo KG, Arnett A, Goel G, Hu A, Flynn KJ, Speake C, Wiedeman AE, Gersuk VH, Linsley PS, Greenbaum CJ, Long SA, Partridge R, Buckner JH, Khor B. Deep immune phenotyping reveals similarities between aging, Down syndrome, and autoimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi4888. [PMID: 35020411 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lambert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Keagan G Moo
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Azlann Arnett
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alex Hu
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Flynn
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alice E Wiedeman
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Vivian H Gersuk
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rebecca Partridge
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 100 N.E. Gilman Blvd., Issaquah, WA 98027, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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23
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Bharadwaj NS, Gumperz JE. Harnessing invariant natural killer T cells to control pathological inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998378. [PMID: 36189224 PMCID: PMC9519390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate T cells that are recognized for their potent immune modulatory functions. Over the last three decades, research in murine models and human observational studies have revealed that iNKT cells can act to limit inflammatory pathology in a variety of settings. Since iNKT cells are multi-functional and can promote inflammation in some contexts, understanding the mechanistic basis for their anti-inflammatory effects is critical for effectively harnessing them for clinical use. Two contrasting mechanisms have emerged to explain the anti-inflammatory activity of iNKT cells: that they drive suppressive pathways mediated by other regulatory cells, and that they may cytolytically eliminate antigen presenting cells that promote excessive inflammatory responses. How these activities are controlled and separated from their pro-inflammatory functions remains a central question. Murine iNKT cells can be divided into four functional lineages that have either pro-inflammatory (NKT1, NKT17) or anti-inflammatory (NKT2, NKT10) cytokine profiles. However, in humans these subsets are not clearly evident, and instead most iNKT cells that are CD4+ appear oriented towards polyfunctional (TH0) cytokine production, while CD4- iNKT cells appear more predisposed towards cytolytic activity. Additionally, structurally distinct antigens have been shown to induce TH1- or TH2-biased responses by iNKT cells in murine models, but human iNKT cells may respond to differing levels of TCR stimulation in a way that does not neatly separate TH1 and TH2 cytokine production. We discuss the implications of these differences for translational efforts focused on the anti-inflammatory activity of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhila S Bharadwaj
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Immunogenetics of Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:213-257. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Migration, Distribution, and Safety Evaluation of Specific Phenotypic and Functional Mouse Spleen-Derived Invariant Natural Killer T2 Cells after Adoptive Infusion. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5170123. [PMID: 34924812 PMCID: PMC8674077 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5170123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the migration distribution and safety of specific phenotypic and functionally identified spleen-derived invariant natural killer T2 (iNKT2) cells after adoptive infusion in mice were studied. The proliferation and differentiation of iNKT cells were induced by intraperitoneal injection of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in vivo. Mouse spleens were isolated in a sterile environment. iNKT cells were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting columns (MS columns). Cytometric bead array (CBA) assay was used to detect cytokine secretion in the supernatant stimulated by iNKT cells. The basic life status of the mice was observed, and systematic quantitative scoring was conducted after injecting spleen-derived iNKT cells through the tail vein. An in vivo imaging system was used to trace the migration and distribution of iNKT cells in DBA mice. The percentage of the iNKT2 subgroup was the highest in 3 days after intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer, and iNKT2 subsets accounted for more than 92% after separation and purification by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 was mainly found in the supernatant of cell cultures. The adoptive infusion of iNKT cells into healthy mice resulted in no significant change in the basic life status of mice compared with the noninjected group. iNKT cells were detected in the lung, spleen, and liver, but no fluorescence was detected in lymph nodes and thymus. After dissecting the mice, it was found that there were no significant abnormalities in the relevant immune organs, brain, heart, kidney, lung, and other organs. Intraperitoneal injection of α-GalCer results in a large number of iNKT2 cells, mainly secreting anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, from the spleen of mice. After adoptive infusion, the iNKT2 cells mainly settled in the liver and spleen of mice with a satisfactory safety profile.
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26
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Repeated α-GalCer Administration Induces a Type 2 Cytokine-Biased iNKT Cell Response and Exacerbates Atopic Skin Inflammation in Vα14 Tg NC/Nga Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111619. [PMID: 34829848 PMCID: PMC8615984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Vα14 TCR Tg (Vα14Tg) NC/Nga (NC) mice contain increased numbers of double-negative (DN) invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells that protect against spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis (AD). iNKT cells can regulate immune responses by producing various cytokines such as IFNγ and IL4 rapidly upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a prototypical iNKT cell agonist. However, the precise role of α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells in AD development remains unclear. Therefore, we examined whether repeated activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer can regulate the pathogenesis of AD in Vα14Tg NC mice. We found that Vα14Tg NC mice injected repeatedly with α-GalCer display exacerbated AD symptoms (e.g., a higher clinical score, IgE hyperproduction, and increased numbers of splenic mast cells and neutrophils) compared with vehicle-injected Vα14Tg NC mice. Moreover, the severity of AD pathogenesis in α-GalCer-injected Vα14Tg NC mice correlated with increased Th2 cells but reduced Th1 and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Furthermore, the resulting alterations in the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th2 balance were strongly associated with a biased expansion of type 2 cytokine-deviated iNKT cells in α-GalCer-treated Vα14Tg NC mice. Collectively, our results have demonstrated the adverse effect of repeated α-GalCer treatment on skin inflammation mediated by type 2 immunity.
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Balasko A, Graydon C, Fowke KR. Novel in vitro invariant natural killer T cell functional assays. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113171. [PMID: 34706265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are innate lymphocytes bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems and are critical first responders against cancer and infectious diseases. iNKT cell phenotype and functionality are studied using in vitro stimulation assays assessing cytokine response and proliferation capabilities. The most common stimulant is the glycolipid α-Galactosyl Ceramide (α-GalCer), which stimulates iNKT cells when presented by CD1d, an MHC class I-like molecule expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Another stimulant used is α-GalCer-loaded DimerX, a CD1d-Ig fusion protein which stimulates iNKT cells in an APC-independent fashion. Here, we demonstrate use of the PBS-57-loaded CD1d-tetramer as an APC-independent stimulant, where PBS-57 is an α-GalCer analogue. METHODS Using healthy fresh (n = 4) and frozen (n = 7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 10-h cytokine response (measuring IFN-γ production) and 10-day proliferation assays were performed assessing iNKT functionality using α-GalCer, CD1d-tetramer and DimerX stimulants. RESULTS All stimulants effectively induced IFN-γ production in both fresh and frozen PBMC. After the 10-h activation, CD1d-tetramer was significantly more effective than α-GalCer (p = 0.032) in inducing IFN-γ production in fresh PBMC and significantly more effective than both α-GalCer (p = 0.004) and DimerX (p = 0.021) in frozen PBMC. Similarly, all stimulants induced strong proliferation responses in all samples, although this was only significant in the frozen PBMC. No significant differences in proliferation were observed between stimulants. SIGNIFICANCE This study supports PBS-57-loaded CD1d-tetramer as an effective in vitro APC-independent iNKT cell stimulant, which is comparable to or even more effective than α-GalCer and DimerX. As CD1d is downregulated during infectious disease and cancer as evasion strategies, in vitro assays which are APC-independent can assist in providing objective insight to iNKT activation by not relying on CD1d expression by APCs. Overall, the novel CD1d-tetramer stimulation equips researchers with an expanded "toolkit" to successfully assess iNKT cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Balasko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Colin Graydon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Partners for Health and Development in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
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NKT and NKT-like Cells in Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases-Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179520. [PMID: 34502425 PMCID: PMC8431671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells comprise three subsets—type I (invariant, iNKT), type II, and NKT-like cells, of which iNKT cells are the most studied subset. They are capable of rapid cytokine production after the initial stimulus, thus they may be important for polarisation of Th cells. Due to this, they may be an important cell subset in autoimmune diseases. In the current review, we are summarising results of NKT-oriented studies in major neurological autoimmune diseases—multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome and their corresponding animal models.
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Zhu T, Wang R, Miller H, Westerberg LS, Yang L, Guan F, Lee P, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. The interaction between iNKT cells and B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:711-723. [PMID: 34312907 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ru0221-095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) bridge the innate immunity with the adaptive immunity and their interaction with B cells has been extensively studied. Here, we give a complete overview of these two cells, from their mechanism of interaction to clinical prospects and existing problems. In our introduction, we describe the relationship between iNKTs and B cells and explore the current research hotspots and future directions. We begin with how B cells interact and benefit from the innate and adaptive help of iNKTs. Next, we describe the multiple roles of these cells in infections, autoimmunity, and cancers. Lastly, we look into the potential immunotherapies that can be based on iNKTs and the possible treatments for infectious, autoimmune, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, GuiZhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Made to Measure: Patient-Tailored Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Using Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147536. [PMID: 34299154 PMCID: PMC8304207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is still no cure for multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Treatment options predominantly consist of drugs that affect adaptive immunity and lead to a reduction of the inflammatory disease activity. A broad range of possible cell-based therapeutic options are being explored in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including MS. This review aims to provide an overview of recent and future advances in the development of cell-based treatment options for the induction of tolerance in MS. Here, we will focus on haematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, regulatory T cells and dendritic cells. We will also focus on less familiar cell types that are used in cell therapy, including B cells, natural killer cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We will address key issues regarding the depicted therapies and highlight the major challenges that lie ahead to successfully reverse autoimmune diseases, such as MS, while minimising the side effects. Although cell-based therapies are well known and used in the treatment of several cancers, cell-based treatment options hold promise for the future treatment of autoimmune diseases in general, and MS in particular.
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Exploratory Evaluation of the Relationship Between iNKT Cells and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of Critically Ill Patients with Neurological Injury. Neurocrit Care 2021; 35:617-630. [PMID: 34061312 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological injury can alter the systemic immune system, modifying the functional capacity of immune cells and causing a dysfunctional balance of cytokines, although mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to assess the temporal relationship between changes in the activation status of circulating invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and the balance of plasma cytokines among critically ill patients with neurological injury. METHODS We conducted an exploratory prospective observational study of adult (18 years or older) intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute neurological injury (n = 20) compared with ICU patients without neurological injury (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 10). Blood samples were collected on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 following ICU admission to analyze the activation status of circulating iNKT cells by flow cytometry and the plasma concentration of inflammation-relevant immune mediators, including T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) cytokines, by multiplex bead-based assay. RESULTS Invariant natural killer T cells were activated in both ICU patient groups compared with healthy controls. Neurological patients had decreased levels of multiple immune mediators, including TH1 cytokines (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-12p70), indicative of immunosuppression. This led to a greater than twofold increase in the ratio of TH2/TH1 cytokines early after injury (days 1 - 2) compared with healthy controls, a shift that was also observed for ICU controls. Systemic TH2/TH1 cytokine ratios were positively associated with iNKT cell activation in the neurological patients and negatively associated in ICU controls. These relationships were strongest for the CD4+ iNKT cell subset compared with the CD4- iNKT cell subset. The relationships to individual cytokines similarly differed between patient groups. Forty percent of the neurological patients developed an infection; however, differences for the infection subgroup were not identified. CONCLUSIONS Critically ill patients with neurological injury demonstrated altered systemic immune profiles early after injury, with an association between activated peripheral iNKT cells and elevated systemic TH2/TH1 cytokine ratios. This work provides further support for a brain-immune axis and the ability of neurological injury to have far-reaching effects on the body's immune system.
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Chen Y, Zhu Y, Su G, Yang W, Zhao Y, Lu W, Zhang J. KRN7000 Reduces Airway Inflammation via Natural Killer T Cells in Obese Asthmatic Mice. Inflammation 2021; 44:1982-1992. [PMID: 34021838 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are altered in obese asthmatic mice, their function remains completely unclear. To further explore the potential mechanism of NKT cells in airway inflammation of obesity-associated asthma, we examined the effects of α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) on airway inflammation in obese asthmatic mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: (1) control; (2) asthma; (3) A + KRN, asthma with KRN7000; (4) obese asthma; and (5) OA + KRN, obese asthma with KRN7000. Cytometric bead array (CBA) was used to detect interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum. Flow cytometry was used to detect NKT cells and CD69+ NKT cells. Airway inflammation was observed in pathological sections, and calmodulin (CaM) expression was observed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues. Airway inflammation in the obese asthma group was more severe than that of the asthma group. Airway inflammation of the OA + KRN group was reduced more than that of the A + KRN group. CD69+ NKT cells were only significantly reduced in the OA + KRN group. The levels of serum IFN-γ and TNF-α increased more in the OA + KRN group than in the A + KRN group. CaM is widely expressed in the cytoplasm of the lung tissues and was sharply decreased in the OA + KRN group. KRN7000 can significantly reduce airway inflammation in obesity-associated asthma by regulating NKT cell cytokine secretion and intracellular calcium. These results may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- The Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- The Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Su
- The Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510990, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- The Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- The Affiliated Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Guangxi Minzu Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, People's Republic of China.
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Ubiquitous Overexpression of Chromatin Remodeling Factor SRG3 Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice by Enhancing Th2 Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041553. [PMID: 33557054 PMCID: PMC7913833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWItch (SWI)3-related gene (SRG3) product, a SWI/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SNF) chromatin remodeling subunit, plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. We have previously shown that ubiquitous SRG3 overexpression attenuates the progression of Th1/Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, it is unclear whether SRG3 overexpression can affect the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), a Th2-type immune disorder. Thus, to elucidate the effects of SRG3 overexpression in AD development, we bred NC/Nga (NC) mice with transgenic mice where SRG3 expression is driven by the β-actin promoter (SRG3β-actin mice). We found that SRG3β-actin NC mice exhibit increased AD development (e.g., a higher clinical score, immunoglobulin E (IgE) hyperproduction, and an increased number of infiltrated mast cells and basophils in skin lesions) compared with wild-type NC mice. Moreover, the severity of AD pathogenesis in SRG3β-actin NC mice correlated with expansion of interleukin 4 (IL4)-producing basophils and mast cells, and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, this accelerated AD development is strongly associated with Treg cell suppression. Collectively, our results have identified that modulation of SRG3 function can be applied as one of the options to control AD pathogenesis.
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Van Kaer L, Hong S. CD1d-Dependent iNKT Cells Control DSS-Induced Colitis in a Mouse Model of IFNγ-Mediated Hyperinflammation by Increasing IL22-Secreting ILC3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1250. [PMID: 33513946 PMCID: PMC7866066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that CD1d-restricted iNKT cells suppress dysregulated IFNγ expression and intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice on the C57BL/6 background. Since type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) protect against intestinal inflammation in a CD1d-associated manner, we investigated whether crosstalk between iNKT cells and MLN ILC3s controls IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. We found that Yeti mice display increased levels of ILC3s and that iNKT cell deficiency in Yeti/CD1d KO mice decreases levels of IL22-producing ILC3s during DSS-induced colitis. This finding indicates that iNKT cells and ILC3s cooperate to regulate intestinal inflammation in Yeti mice. Yeti iNKT cells displayed a pronounced anti-inflammatory (IL4- or IL9-producing) phenotype during colitis. Their adoptive transfer to iNKT cell-deficient animals induced a significant increase in IL22 production by ILC3s, indicating that crosstalk between iNKT cells and ILC3s plays a critical role in modulating colitis in Yeti mice. Moreover, we showed that the IL9-producing subset of iNKT cells potently enhances IL22-producing ILC3s in vivo. Taken together, our results identify a central role of the iNKT cell-ILC3 axis in ameliorating IFNγ-mediated intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (H.J.P.); (S.W.L.)
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Hammad R, Elmadbouly AA, Ahmad IH, Mohammed SA, Farouk N, Futooh Z, Alfy MO, Abozaid S, Mohamed EF, Kotb FM, Abdelbadea A, Seliem N, Elshafei A, Mashaal A. T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1897-1908. [PMID: 33958881 PMCID: PMC8093190 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s305511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between immune system and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis attracted attention to demonstrate the role of immune cells and their secreted cytokines in T2DM development and its subsequent foot complications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between T Natural killer cell (TNK) %, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and diabetic foot infection (DFI) development in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety patients with diabetes were included in this work, divided as T2DM group (n=30), DFU group (n=30), and DFI group (n=30). TNK% was detected using flow cytometry. Serum IL4 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Diabetes biochemical parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Significant decrease was detected in TNK% and IFN-γ in DFI group compared to other 2 groups (P<0.001). Significant decrease was detected in serum levels of IL4 in DFI group compared to T2DM group (P=0.006). IFN-γ/IL4 was significantly decreased in DFI compared to DFU group (P=0.020). There was a significant correlation of TNK% with both IL4 and IFN-γ (r=0.385, P<0.001; r=0.534, P<0.001, respectively). Significant negative correlation of TNK% with HbA1c and LDL was revealed (r=-0.631, P<0.001; and r=-0.261, P=0.013, respectively), while a positive correlation was seen with HDL (r=0.287, P=0.006). A significant negative correlation of IL4 with HbA1c was found (r=-0.514, P<0.001;. As for IFN-γ, a significant negative correlation with HbA1c and LDL was detected (r=-0.369, P< 0.001; r=-0.229, P=0.030). TNK % and IFN-γ level showed negative correlations with disease duration/year (r=-0.546, P< 0.001; r=-0.338, P=0.001,respectively). CONCLUSION Decline in TNK frequency has essential role in T2DM pathogenesis and subsequent foot complications. Downregulation of TNK% and IFN-γ level have potential roles in predicting infection of diabetic ulcer and are correlated with disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Elmadbouly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Asmaa A Elmadbouly Tel +20 1011504476 Email
| | - Inass Hassan Ahmad
- Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Mohammed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Farouk
- Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Futooh
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Omar Alfy
- General Surgery Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Abozaid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Kotb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alzahra Abdelbadea
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora Seliem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Park SH, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Selective Expansion of Double-Negative iNKT Cells Inhibits the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Vα14 TCR Transgenic NC/Nga Mice by Increasing Memory-Type CD8 + T and Regulatory CD4 + T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1512-1521. [PMID: 33186589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in NC/Nga (NC) mice has been attributed to a deficiency in invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. To elucidate the precise role of iNKT cells in AD development of NC mice, we employed two distinct murine models of iNKT cell over-representation: Vβ8 TCR congenic and Vα14 TCR transgenic NC mice. We found that Vα14 TCR transgenic (Vα14Tg) but not Vβ8 TCR congenic (Vβ8Cg) NC mice exhibited reduced AD development, which was attributed to both quantitative and qualitative changes in iNKT cells such as a biased expansion of the double-negative iNKT subset. Adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that iNKT cells from Vα14Tg mice but not from Vβ8Cg mice were responsible for protecting NC mice from AD development. Double-negative iNKT cells from Vα14Tg NC mice showed a T helper type-1‒dominant cytokine profile, which may account for the expansion of CD4+ regulatory T cells and memory-type CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells from Vα14Tg NC mice into AD-susceptible wild-type NC mice suppressed AD in recipient NC mice. Taken together, our results have identified double-negative iNKT cells as promising cellular targets to prevent AD pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Natural Killer T-Cells/transplantation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Inuki S, Hirata N, Kashiwabara E, Kishi J, Aiba T, Teratani T, Nakamura W, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Kanai T, Fujimoto Y. Polar functional group-containing glycolipid CD1d ligands modulate cytokine-biasing responses and prevent experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15766. [PMID: 32978421 PMCID: PMC7519074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I-like molecule CD1d is a nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting glycoprotein, and its ligands include glycolipids, such as α-GalCer. The complexes between CD1d and ligands activate natural killer T cells by T cell receptor recognition, leading to the secretion of various cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, etc.). Herein, we report structure-activity relationship studies of α-GalCer derivatives containing various functional groups in their lipid acyl chains. Several derivatives have been identified as potent CD1d ligands displaying higher cytokine induction levels and/or unique cytokine polarization. The studies also indicated that flexibility of the lipid moiety can affect the binding affinity, the total cytokine production level and/or cytokine biasing. Based on our immunological evaluation and investigation of physicochemical properties, we chose bisamide- and Bz amide-containing derivatives 2 and 3, and evaluated their in vivo efficacy in a DSS-induced model of ulcerative colitis. The derivative 3 that exhibits Th2- and Th17-biasing responses, demonstrated significant protective effects against intestinal inflammation in the DSS-induced model, after a single intraperitoneal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kojima
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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Sinisalu L, Sen P, Salihović S, Virtanen SM, Hyöty H, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Veijola R, Orešič M, Knip M, Hyötyläinen T. Early-life exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances modulates lipid metabolism in progression to celiac disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109864. [PMID: 32846648 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder with increased frequency in the developed countries over the last decades implicating the potential causal role of various environmental triggers in addition to gluten. Herein, we apply determination of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) and combine the results with the determination of bile acids (BAs) and molecular lipids, with the aim to elucidate the impact of prenatal exposure on risk of progression to CD in a prospective series of children prior the first exposure to gluten (at birth and at 3 months of age). Here we analyzed PFAS, BAs and lipidomic profiles in 66 plasma samples at birth and at 3 months of age in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study (n = 17 progressors to CD, n = 16 healthy controls, HCs). Plasma PFAS levels showed a significant inverse association with the age of CD diagnosis in infants who later progressed to the disease. Associations between BAs and triacylglycerols (TGs) showed different patterns already at birth in CD progressors, indicative of different absorption of lipids in these infants. In conclusion, PFAS exposure may modulate lipid and BA metabolism, and the impact is different in the infants who develop CD later in life, in comparison to HCs. The results indicate more efficient uptake of PFAS in such infants. Higher PFAS exposure during prenatal and early life may accelerate the progression to CD in the genetically predisposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanna Sinisalu
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Partho Sen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Samira Salihović
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland; Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, And Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Paediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Zavvar M, Assadiasl S, Zargaran S, Akhtari M, Poopak B, Dinarvand R, Fatahi Y, Tayebi L, Soleimanifar N, Nicknam MH. Adoptive Treg cell-based immunotherapy: Frontier therapeutic aspects in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:933-946. [PMID: 32635779 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The major current focus on treating rheumatoid arthritis is to put an end to long-term treatments and instead, specifically block widespread immunosuppression by developing antigen-specific tolerance, while also permitting an intact immune response toward other antigens to occur. There have been promising preclinical findings regarding adoptive Treg cells immunotherapy with a critically responsible function in the prevention of autoimmunity, tissue repair and regeneration, which make them an attractive candidate to develop effective therapeutic approaches to achieve this interesting concept in many human immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Ex vivo or invivo manipulation protocols are not only utilized to correct Treg cells defect, but also to benefit from their specific immunosuppressive properties by identifying specific antigens that are expressed in the inflamedjoint. The methods able to address these deficiencies can be considered as a target for immunity interventions to restore appropriate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Zavvar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Zargaran
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Poopak
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mathias LM, Harff M, Orth V, Hofmann SC. Invariant natural killer T cells are reduced in peripheral blood of bullous pemphigoid patients and accumulate in lesional skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:747-751. [PMID: 31858232 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
iNKT (invariant natural killer T) cells are unconventional immunoregulatory T cells which contribute to B cell maturation, antibody and cytokine production. iNKT cells are implicated in the control of autoimmune inflammation in different disorders. For bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most frequent bullous autoimmune dermatosis, the role of iNKT cells has not yet been studied. We, therefore, aimed at investigating the frequency of iNKT cells in peripheral blood and biopsies from lesional and non-lesional skin from patients with BP and controls. Circulating CD3+iTCR+ iNKT cells were assessed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 30 patients with BP and from 29 controls (19 patients with skin tumors and 10 healthy controls). In 34 lesional and 13 non-lesional skin biopsies from BP patients and 17 biopsies from control individuals the number of Vα24+Vβ11+ iNKT cells was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. BP patients showed a significantly lower frequency of circulating iNKT cells compared to the control group. Patients with severe disseminated blistering tended to display lower iNKT cell numbers than patients with moderate disease severity. In lesional skin of BP patients, an enrichment of iNKT cells was detected compared to skin biopsies from controls. Similarly to control biopsies, non-lesional biopsies of BP patients contained only few iNKT cells. In conclusion, the deficiency of circulating iNKT cells associated with enrichment at the site of cutaneous inflammation suggests that iNKT cells may play a pathophysiologically relevant role in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Mathias
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Miriam Harff
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Valerie Orth
- Department of Surgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, HELIOS University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr. 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Invariant NKT Cells and Rheumatic Disease: Focus on Primary Sjogren Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215435. [PMID: 31683641 PMCID: PMC6862604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Several factors contribute to pSS pathogenesis; in particular, innate immunity seems to play a key role in disease etiology. Invariant natural killer (NK) T cells (iNKT) are a T-cell subset able to recognize glycolipid antigens. Their function remains unclear, but studies have pointed out their ability to modulate the immune system through the promotion of specific cytokine milieu. In this review, we discussed the possible role of iNKT in pSS development, as well as their implications as future markers of disease activity.
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. A cross talk between dysbiosis and gut-associated immune system governs the development of inflammatory arthropathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:474-484. [PMID: 31208713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis, imbalanced gut microbial community, might be a key player in the development of various diseases, including inflammatory arthropathies, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis (mainly, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis), and osteoarthritis. Yet, the underlying mechanisms and corresponding interactions remain poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a critical and extensive literature review to explore the association between dysbiosis and the development of inflammatory arthropathies. We also reviewed the literature to assess the perspectives that ameliorate inflammatory arthropathies by manipulating the microbiota with probiotics, prebiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation. RESULTS Some bacterial species (e.g. Prevotella, Citrobacter rodentium, Collinsella aerofaciens, Segmented filamentous bacteria) participate in the creation of the pro-inflammatory immune status, presumably via epitope mimicry, modification of self-antigens, enhanced cell apoptosis mechanisms, and destruction of tight junction proteins and intestinal barrier integrity, all leading to the development and maintainance of inflammatory arthropathies. Whether dysbiosis is an epiphenomenon or is an active driver of these disorders remains unclear, yet, recent observations clearly suggest that dysbiosis precedes and triggers their development implying a causative relationship between dysbiosis and inflammatory arthropathies. The underlying mechanisms include dysbiosis-mediated changes in the functional activity of the intestinal immune cell subsets, such as innate lymphoid cells, mucosa-associated invariant T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, T-follicular helper and T-regulatory cells. In turn, disturbed functionality of the gut-associated immune system is shown to promote the overgrowth of many bacteria, thus establishing a detrimental vicious circle of actively maintaining arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the data described in the review supports the notion that a close, dynamic and tightly regulated cross talk between dysbiosis and the gut-associated immune system governs the development of inflammatory arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Wang C, Yang G, Wu L. Innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:531-539. [PMID: 30874627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons. A hallmark of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin sheath. Most studies in this field have focused on the roles of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which form part of the adaptive immune system as both mediators and regulators in disease pathogenesis. Consequently, the treatments for MS often target the inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses. However, many other lymphocyte subsets contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, and these subsets include CD8+ T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system, lymphocytes of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells, and subsets of innate-like T and B lymphocytes such as γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Several of these lymphocyte subsets can act as mediators of CNS inflammation, whereas others exhibit immunoregulatory functions in disease. Importantly, the efficacy of some MS treatments might be mediated in part by effects on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. Here we review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. A better understanding of the distinct lymphocyte subsets that contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and its experimental models will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Joshua L Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Thangavelu G, Blazar BR. Achievement of Tolerance Induction to Prevent Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 30906290 PMCID: PMC6419712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) limits the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a main therapy to treat various hematological disorders. Despite rapid progress in understanding GVHD pathogenesis, broad immunosuppressive agents are most often used to prevent and remain the first line of therapy to treat GVHD. Strategies enhancing immune tolerance in allo-HSCT would permit reductions in immunosuppressant use and their associated undesirable side effects. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for GVHD and advancement in strategies to achieve immune balance and tolerance thereby avoiding GVHD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Chen D, Liu H, Wang Y, Chen S, Liu J, Li W, Dou H, Hou W, Meng M. Study of the adoptive immunotherapy on rheumatoid arthritis with Thymus-derived invariant natural killer T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:427-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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iNKT Cell Activation Exacerbates the Development of Huntington's Disease in R6/2 Transgenic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3540974. [PMID: 30766446 PMCID: PMC6350536 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3540974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder which is caused by a mutation of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although the pathogenesis of HD has been associated with inflammatory responses, if and how the immune system contributes to the onset of HD is largely unknown. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a group of innate-like regulatory T lymphocytes that can rapidly produce various cytokines such as IFNγ and IL4 upon stimulation with the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). By employing both R6/2 Tg mice (murine HD model) and Jα18 KO mice (deficient in iNKT cells), we investigated whether alterations of iNKT cells affect the development of HD in R6/2 Tg mice. We found that Jα18 KO R6/2 Tg mice showed disease progression comparable to R6/2 Tg mice, indicating that the absence of iNKT cells did not have any significant effects on HD development. However, repeated activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer facilitated HD progression in R6/2 Tg mice, and this was associated with increased infiltration of iNKT cells in the brain. Taken together, our results demonstrate that repeated α-GalCer treatment of R6/2 Tg mice accelerates HD progression, suggesting that immune activation can affect the severity of HD pathogenesis.
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