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Shafqat A, Khan JA, Alkachem AY, Sabur H, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Sing GK. How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17583. [PMID: 38139412 PMCID: PMC10744338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant of the circulating immune cells and are the first to be recruited to sites of inflammation. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from which are derived extracellular traps (NETs), reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, and alarmins that regulate the recruitment and phenotypes of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. In addition, cytokine-stimulated neutrophils can express class II major histocompatibility complex and the internal machinery necessary for successful antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells. This may be relevant in the context of vaccine memory. Neutrophils thus emerge as orchestrators of immune responses that play a key role in determining the outcome of infections, vaccine efficacy, and chronic diseases like autoimmunity and cancer. This review aims to provide a synthesis of current evidence as regards the role of these functions of neutrophils in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia (K.A.); (A.Y.); (G.K.S.)
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Huangfu L, Li R, Huang Y, Wang S. The IL-17 family in diseases: from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:402. [PMID: 37816755 PMCID: PMC10564932 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises six members (IL-17A-17F), and recently, all of its related receptors have been discovered. IL-17 was first discovered approximately 30 years ago. Members of this family have various biological functions, including driving an inflammatory cascade during infections and autoimmune diseases, as well as boosting protective immunity against various pathogens. IL-17 is a highly versatile proinflammatory cytokine necessary for vital processes including host immune defenses, tissue repair, inflammatory disease pathogenesis, and cancer progression. However, how IL-17 performs these functions remains controversial. The multifunctional properties of IL-17 have attracted research interest, and emerging data have gradually improved our understanding of the IL-17 signaling pathway. However, a comprehensive review is required to understand its role in both host defense functions and pathogenesis in the body. This review can aid researchers in better understanding the mechanisms underlying IL-17's roles in vivo and provide a theoretical basis for future studies aiming to regulate IL-17 expression and function. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the IL-17 signaling pathway and its physiological roles. In addition, we present the mechanism underlying IL-17's role in various pathologies, particularly, in IL-17-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and IL-17-related tumor cell transformation and metastasis. In addition, we have briefly discussed promising developments in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Huangfu
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, P. R. China.
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3
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Cross AL, Hawkes J, Frankland H, Mediana A, Wright HL, Goodson NJ, Edwards SW, Moots RJ. Neutrophil function following treatment of psoriatic arthritis patients with secukinumab: altered cytokine signalling but no impairment of host defence. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3025-3034. [PMID: 36617171 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying that dysfunction of the IL-23/17 axis underlies PsA has led to the development of effective targeted therapies such as the IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab. As IL-17A stimulates the secretion of neutrophil chemoattractants, such as CXCL8 (IL-8), we examined the effect of secukinumab on neutrophil function in PsA. METHODS Nineteen patients with active PsA were treated with secukinumab. Clinical response [PsA Response Criteria (PsARC) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)] and peripheral blood neutrophil function (apoptosis, receptor expression, phagocytosis/killing, chemotaxis and RNA expression) were measured at 12 week intervals for 48 weeks and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS At 12 weeks, 12/16 (75%) patients had a PsARC response (100% at 36 weeks) and 10/14 (71%) achieved a 90% PASI response. At baseline, there were no differences in PsA neutrophil reactive oxygen species generation, constitutive or cytokine-delayed apoptosis, chemotaxis or phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus compared with healthy controls. Similarly, there were no differences in these functions from baseline to 12 weeks of therapy. However, surface levels of CD11b/CD18 and CD63 increased and expression of CD16 decreased during therapy. In addition, in a subgroup of early (12 week) responders to secukinumab, RNA sequencing revealed transcriptome changes predicting down-regulation of cytokine signalling and chemotaxis pathways and up-regulation of de novo gene expression pathways, including translation initiation, mRNA catabolism and translation. CONCLUSION Complex changes in the properties of circulating neutrophils occur with secukinumab treatment in PsA that may indicate altered responsiveness to changes in both local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, host defence processes of neutrophils were unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Cross
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jenny Hawkes
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Frankland
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ayren Mediana
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicola J Goodson
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert J Moots
- Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Coletto LA, Rizzo C, Guggino G, Caporali R, Alivernini S, D’Agostino MA. The Role of Neutrophils in Spondyloarthritis: A Journey across the Spectrum of Disease Manifestations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044108. [PMID: 36835520 PMCID: PMC9959122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) contemplates the inflammatory involvement of the musculoskeletal system, gut, skin, and eyes, delineating heterogeneous diseases with a common pathogenetic background. In the framework of innate and adaptive immune disruption in SpA, neutrophils are arising, across different clinical domains, as pivotal cells crucial in orchestrating the pro-inflammatory response, both at systemic and tissue levels. It has been suggested they act as key players along multiple stages of disease trajectory fueling type 3 immunity, with a significant impact in the initiation and amplification of inflammation as well as in structural damage occurrence, typical of long-standing disease. The aim of our review is to focus on neutrophils' role within the spectrum of SpA, dissecting their functions and abnormalities in each of the relevant disease domains to understand their rising appeal as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Agra Coletto
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO Institute, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta D’Agostino
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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5
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Macleod T, Bridgewood C, McGonagle D. Role of neutrophil interleukin-23 in spondyloarthropathy spectrum disorders. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e47-e57. [PMID: 38251507 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation is a pervasive characteristic common to spondyloarthropathies and related disorders. This inflammation manifests as Munro's microabscesses of the skin and osteoarticular neutrophilic inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis, intestinal crypt abscesses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ocular hypopyon in anterior uveitis, and neutrophilic macroscopic and microscopic inflammation in patients with Behçet's disease. Strong MHC class I associations are seen in these diseases, which represent so-called MHC-I-opathies, and these associations indicate an involvement of CD8 T-cell immunopathology that is not yet well understood. In this Personal View, we highlight emerging data suggesting that the T-cell-neutrophil axis involves both a T-cell-mediated and interleukin (IL)-17-mediated (type 17) recruitment and activation of neutrophils, and also a sequestration of activated neutrophils at disease sites that might directly amplify type 17 T-cell responses. This amplification likely involves neutrophilic production of IL-23 and proteases as well as other feedback mechanisms that could be regulated by local microbiota, pathogens, or tissue damage. This crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity offers a novel explanation for how bacterial and fungal microbes at barrier sites could innately control type 17 T-cell development, with the aim of restoring tissue homoeostasis, and could potentially explain features of clinical disease and treatment response, such as the fast-onset action of the IL-23 pathway blockade in certain patients. This axis could be crucial to understanding non-response to IL-23 inhibitors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis, as the axial skeleton is a site rich in neutrophils and a site of haematopoiesis with myelopoiesis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Macleod
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charles Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK.
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Abstract
IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection and autoimmunity. IL-17A and IL-17F are produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and various innate immune cell populations in response to IL-1β and IL-23, and they mediate protective immunity against fungi and bacteria by promoting neutrophil recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production and enhanced barrier function. IL-17-driven inflammation is normally controlled by regulatory T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGFβ and IL-35. However, if dysregulated, IL-17 responses can promote immunopathology in the context of infection or autoimmunity. Moreover, IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many other disorders with an inflammatory basis, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Consequently, the IL-17 pathway is now a key drug target in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17A, both IL-17A and IL-17F, the IL-17 receptor, or IL-23 are highly effective in some of these diseases. However, new approaches are needed to specifically regulate IL-17-mediated immunopathology in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity without compromising protective immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Van Bruggen S, Martinod K. The coming of age of neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis: Where are we now and where are we headed? Immunol Rev 2022; 314:376-398. [PMID: 36560865 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis remains a major problem in our society, manifesting across multiple demographic groups and with high associated morbidity and mortality. Thrombus development is the result of a complex mechanism in which multiple cell types and soluble factors play a crucial role. One cell that has gained the most attention in recent years is the neutrophil. This key member of the innate immune system can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to activating stimuli in circulation. NETs form a scaffold for thrombus formation, both initiating the process and stabilizing the final product. As the first responders of the host immune system, neutrophils have the flexibility to recognize a variety of molecules and can quickly interact with a range of different cell types. This trait makes them sensitive to exogenous stimuli. NET formation in response to pathogens is well established, leading to immune-mediated thrombus formation or immunothrombosis. NETs can also be formed during sterile inflammation through the activation of neutrophils by fellow immune cells including platelets, or activated endothelium. In chronic inflammatory settings, NETs can ultimately promote the development of tissue fibrosis, with organ failure as an end-stage outcome. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which neutrophils can be activated toward NET formation and how these processes can result in a shared outcome: thrombus formation. Finally, we evaluate these different interactions and mechanisms for their potential as therapeutic targets, with neutrophil-targeted therapies providing a future approach to treating thrombosis. In contrast to current practices, such treatment could result in reduced pathogenic blood clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Leija-Martínez JJ, Giacoman-Martínez A, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Sanchéz-Muñoz F, Hernández-Diazcouder A, Muñoz-Hernández O, Romero-Nava R, Villafaña S, Marchat LA, Hong E, Huang F. Promoter methylation status of RORC, IL17A, and TNFA in peripheral blood leukocytes in adolescents with obesity-related asthma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12316. [PMID: 36590520 PMCID: PMC9798174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher Th17-immune response characterises obesity and obesity-related asthma phenotype. Nevertheless, obesity-related asthma has a more significant Th17-immune response than obesity alone. Retinoid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) is the essential transcription factor for Th17 polarisation. Previous studies have found that adolescents with obesity-related asthma presented upregulation of RORC, IL17A, and TNFA. However, the mechanisms that cause these higher mRNA expression levels in this asthmatic phenotype are poorly understood. Methylation directly regulates gene expression by adding a methyl group to carbon 5 of dinucleotide CpG cytosine. Thus, we evaluated the relationship between RORC, IL17A, and TNFA methylation status and mRNA expression levels to investigate a possible epigenetic regulation. A total of 102 adolescents (11-18 years) were studied in the following four groups: 1) healthy participants (HP), 2) allergic asthmatic participants (AAP), 3) obese participants without asthma (OP), and 4) non-allergic obesity-related asthma participants (OAP). Real-time qPCR assessed the methylation status and gene expression levels in peripheral blood leukocytes. Remarkably, the OAP and AAP groups have lower promoter methylation patterns of RORC, IL17A, and TNFA than the HP group. Notably, the OAP group presents lower RORC promoter methylation status than the OP group. Interestingly, RORC promoter methylation status was moderately negatively associated with gene expression of RORC (r s = -0.39, p < 0.001) and IL17A (r s = -0.37, p < 0.01), respectively. Similarly, the promoter methylation pattern of IL17A was moderately negatively correlated with IL17A gene expression (r s = -0.3, p < 0.01). There is also a moderate inverse relationship between TNFA promoter methylation status and TNFA gene expression (r s = -0.3, p < 0.01). The present study suggests an association between lower RORC, IL17A, and TNFA gene promoter methylation status with obesity-related asthma and allergic asthma. RORC, IL17A, and TNFA gene promoter methylation patterns are moderately inversely correlated with their respective mRNA expression levels. Therefore, DNA methylation may regulate RORC, IL17A, and TNF gene expression in both asthmatic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J. Leija-Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico,Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico,Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Calz. de Los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Del-Río-Navarro
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico,Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Department of Pediatric Allergy-Clinical Immunology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchéz-Muñoz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Onofre Muñoz-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico,Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Laboratorio 2 de Biomedicina Molecular, ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hong
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico,Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Calz. de Los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico,Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mexico City, Mexico,Corresponding author.
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9
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Joulia R, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, Girbl T, Coates JA, Stein M, Vázquez-Martínez L, Lynam E, Whiteford J, Schnoor M, Voehringer D, Roers A, Nourshargh S, Voisin MB. Neutrophil breaching of the blood vessel pericyte layer during diapedesis requires mast cell-derived IL-17A. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7029. [PMID: 36396641 PMCID: PMC9672103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil diapedesis is an immediate step following infections and injury and is driven by complex interactions between leukocytes and various components of the blood vessel wall. Here, we show that perivascular mast cells (MC) are key regulators of neutrophil behaviour within the sub-endothelial space of inflamed venules. Using confocal intravital microscopy, we observe directed abluminal neutrophil motility along pericyte processes towards perivascular MCs, a response that created neutrophil extravasation hotspots. Conversely, MC-deficiency and pharmacological or genetic blockade of IL-17A leads to impaired neutrophil sub-endothelial migration and breaching of the pericyte layer. Mechanistically, identifying MCs as a significant cellular source of IL-17A, we establish that MC-derived IL-17A regulates the enrichment of key effector molecules ICAM-1 and CXCL1 in nearby pericytes. Collectively, we identify a novel MC-IL-17A-pericyte axis as modulator of the final steps of neutrophil diapedesis, with potential translational implications for inflammatory disorders driven by increased neutrophil diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Joulia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Idaira María Guerrero-Fonseca
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tamara Girbl
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathon A Coates
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Monja Stein
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Laura Vázquez-Martínez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Lynam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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10
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Wen J, Wan L, Dong X. Novel peripheral blood diagnostic biomarkers screened by machine learning algorithms in ankylosing spondylitis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1032010. [PMID: 36386830 PMCID: PMC9663919 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1032010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is hard to diagnose early. Therefore, it is imperative to explore novel biomarkers that may contribute to the easy and early diagnosis of AS. Methods: Common differentially expressed genes between normal people and AS patients in GSE73754 and GSE25101 were screened by machine learning algorithms. A diagnostic model was established by the hub genes that were screened. Then, the model was validated in several data sets. Results: IL2RB and ZDHHC18 were screened using machine learning algorithms and established as a diagnostic model. Nomograms suggested that the higher the expression of ZDHHC18, the higher was the risk of AS, while the reverse was true for IL2RB in vivo. C-indexes of the model were no less than 0.84 in the validation sets. Calibration analyses suggested high prediction accuracy of the model in training and validation cohorts. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the model in GSE73754, GSE25101, GSE18781, and GSE11886 were 0.86, 0.84, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. The decision curve analyses suggested a high net benefit offered by the model. Functional analyses of the differentially expressed genes indicated that they were mainly clustered in immune response-related processes. Immune microenvironment analyses revealed that the neutrophils were expanded and activated in AS while some T cells were decreased. Conclusion: IL2RB and ZDHHC18 are potential blood biomarkers of AS, which might be used for the early diagnosis of AS and serve as a supplement to the existing diagnostic methods. Our study deepens the insight into the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijia Wan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xieping Dong
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Xieping Dong,
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11
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Rosine N, Rowe H, Koturan S, Yahia‐Cherbal H, Leloup C, Watad A, Berenbaum F, Sellam J, Dougados M, Aimanianda V, Cuthbert R, Bridgewood C, Newton D, Bianchi E, Rogge L, McGonagle D, Miceli‐Richard C. Characterization of Blood Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and of Resident Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells From the Axial Entheses of Non-Axial Spondyloarthritis Control Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1786-1795. [PMID: 35166073 PMCID: PMC9825958 DOI: 10.1002/art.42090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been demonstrated by the success of IL-17A blockade. However, the nature of the cell populations that produce this important proinflammatory cytokine remains poorly defined. We undertook this study to characterize the major IL-17A-producing blood cell populations in the peripheral blood of patients with axial SpA, with a focus on mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population known to be capable of producing IL-17. METHODS We evaluated IL-17A production from 5 sorted peripheral blood cell populations, namely, MAIT cells, γδ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutrophils, before and after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, the calcium ionophore A23187, and β-1,3-glucan. Expression of IL-17A transcripts and protein were determined using nCounter and ultra-sensitive Simoa technology, respectively. MAIT cells from the axial entheses of non-axial SpA control patients (n = 5) were further characterized using flow cytometric immunophenotyping and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the production of IL-17 was assessed following stimulation. RESULTS On a per-cell basis, MAIT cells from peripheral blood produced the most IL-17A compared to CD4+ T cells (P < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (P < 0.0001), and γδ T cells (P < 0.0001). IL-17A was not produced by neutrophils. Gene expression analysis also revealed significantly higher expression of IL17A and IL23R in MAIT cells. Stimulation of peripheral blood MAIT cells with anti-CD3/CD28 and IL-7 and/or IL-18 induced strong expression of IL17F. MAIT cells were present in the normal, unaffected entheses of control patients who did not have axial SpA and showed elevated AHR, JAK1, STAT4, and TGFB1 transcript expression with inducible IL-17A protein. IL-18 protein expression was evident in spinal enthesis digests. CONCLUSION Both peripheral blood MAIT cells and resident MAIT cells in normal axial entheses contribute to the production of IL-17 and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of axial SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosine
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of ImmunologyParisFrance
| | - Hannah Rowe
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Surya Koturan
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of ImmunologyParisFrance
| | - Hanane Yahia‐Cherbal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of ImmunologyParisFrance
| | - Claire Leloup
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of ImmunologyParisFrance
| | - Abdulla Watad
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HP, and Centre de Recherche Saint‐Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938ParisFrance
| | - Jeremie Sellam
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HP, and Centre de Recherche Saint‐Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938ParisFrance
| | - Maxime Dougados
- INSERM Unité 1153, Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, AP‐HP, and Unité Mixte AP‐HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation UnitParisFrance
| | | | - Richard Cuthbert
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Darren Newton
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, and St James's University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, and Unité Mixte AP‐HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation UnitParisFrance
| | - Lars Rogge
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, and Unité Mixte AP‐HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation UnitParisFrance
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- University of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineLeedsUK
| | - Corinne Miceli‐Richard
- Université de Paris, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, AP‐HP, and Unité Mixte AP‐HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation UnitParisFrance
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12
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Paroli M, Spadea L, Caccavale R, Spadea L, Paroli MP, Nante N. The Role of Interleukin-17 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1552. [PMID: 36363508 PMCID: PMC9696590 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine family consisting of six members and five specific receptors. IL-17A was the first member to be identified in 1993. Since then, several studies have elucidated that IL-17 has predominantly pro-inflammatory activity and that its production is involved in both the defense against pathogens and the genesis of autoimmune processes. Materials and Methods: In this review, we provide an overview of the role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its relationship with IL-23, the so-called IL-23-IL-17 axis, by reporting updated findings from the scientific literature. Results: Strong evidence supports the role of interleukin-17A in the pathogenesis of JIA after the deregulated production of this interleukin by both T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cells of innate immunity. The blocking of IL-17A was found to improve the course of JIA, leading to the approval of the use of the human anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab in the treatment of the JIA subtypes juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) and enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). Conclusions: IL-17A plays a central role in the pathogenesis of JIA. Blocking its production with specific biologic drugs enables the effective treatment of this disabling childhood rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Paroli
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Spadea
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Caccavale
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Paroli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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13
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Interleukin-17 Family Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091643. [PMID: 36140808 PMCID: PMC9498678 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines are potent drivers of inflammatory responses. Although IL-17 was originally identified as a cytokine that induces protective effects against bacterial and fungal infections, IL-17 can also promote chronic inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases. Research in the last decade has also elucidated critical roles of IL-17 during cancer development and treatment. Intriguingly, IL-17 seems to play a role in the risk of cancers that are associated with metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the biochemical basis of IL-17 signaling, IL-17′s involvement in cancers and metabolic disorders, and postulate how IL-17 family cytokines may serve as a bridge between these two types of diseases.
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14
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Liu XT, Shi ZR, Lu SY, Hong D, Qiu XN, Tan GZ, Xiong H, Guo Q, Wang L. Enhanced Migratory Ability of Neutrophils Toward Epidermis Contributes to the Development of Psoriasis via Crosstalk With Keratinocytes by Releasing IL-17A. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817040. [PMID: 35401573 PMCID: PMC8983831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microabscess of neutrophils in epidermis is one of the histological hallmarks of psoriasis. The axis of neutrophil–keratinocyte has been thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the features and mechanism of interaction between the two cell types remain largely unknown. Herein, we found that blood neutrophils were increased in psoriasis patients, positively correlated with disease severity and highly expressed CD66b, but not CD11b and CD62L compared to healthy controls. Keratinocytes expressed high levels of psoriasis-related inflammatory mediators by direct and indirect interaction with neutrophils isolated from psoriasis patients and healthy controls. The capacity of neutrophils in provoking keratinocytes inflammatory response was comparable between the two groups and is dependent on IL-17A produced by itself. Neutrophils isolated from psoriasis patients displayed more transcriptome changes related to integrin and increased migration capacity toward keratinocytes with high CD11b expression on cell surface. Of interest, neutrophils were more susceptible to keratinocyte stimulation than to fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in terms of CD11b expression and the production of ROS and NETs. In conclusion, neutrophils from psoriasis patients gain a strong capacity of IL-17A production and integrins expression that possibly facilitates their abilities to promote production of psoriasis-related inflammatory mediators and migration, a phenomenon likely induced by their interaction with keratinocytes but not with fibroblasts. These findings provide a proof-of-concept that development of new drugs targeting migration of neutrophils could be a more specific and safe solution to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Guo
- *Correspondence: Qing Guo, ; Liangchun Wang,
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15
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Lung eosinophils elicited during allergic and acute aspergillosis express RORγt and IL-23R but do not require IL-23 for IL-17 production. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009891. [PMID: 34464425 PMCID: PMC8437264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the mold, Aspergillus, is ubiquitous and generally has no adverse consequences in immunocompetent persons. However, invasive and allergic aspergillosis can develop in immunocompromised and atopic individuals, respectively. Previously, we demonstrated that mouse lung eosinophils produce IL-17 in response to stimulation by live conidia and antigens of A. fumigatus. Here, we utilized murine models of allergic and acute pulmonary aspergillosis to determine the association of IL-23, IL-23R and RORγt with eosinophil IL-17 expression. Following A. fumigatus stimulation, a population of lung eosinophils expressed RORγt, the master transcription factor for IL-17 regulation. Eosinophil RORγt expression was demonstrated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, western blotting and an mCherry reporter mouse. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of RORγt in eosinophils were observed, although the former predominated. A population of lung eosinophils also expressed IL-23R. While expression of IL-23R was positively correlated with expression of RORγt, expression of RORγt and IL-17 was similar when comparing lung eosinophils from A. fumigatus-challenged wild-type and IL-23p19-/- mice. Thus, in allergic and acute models of pulmonary aspergillosis, lung eosinophils express IL-17, RORγt and IL-23R. However, IL-23 is dispensable for production of IL-17 and RORγt. Humans regularly inhale spores of Aspergillus fumigatus, a common environmental fungus. While such exposure is of little consequence to most, in persons with impaired immune systems it can cause a spectrum of diseases ranging from invasive aspergillosis to allergic aspergillosis. A type of white blood cell called the eosinophil is a defining feature of allergic aspergillosis. Despite their importance, the contribution of eosinophils to this disease state is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that eosinophils produce the cytokine IL-17 in murine models of aspergillosis models. Here, we defined the contributions of two molecules, the transcription factor RORγt and the cytokine IL-23, to eosinophil IL-17 production. These two molecules are important for optimal IL-17 production in other cell types. We discovered a population of lung eosinophils express RORγt. While expression of the receptor for IL-23 (IL-23R) was positively correlated with expression of RORγt, using mice deficient in IL-23, we showed IL-23 was not required for expression of RORγt and IL-17. Thus, challenge of lungs with live A. fumigatus or its antigens skews lung eosinophils towards IL-17 production by a pathway that is independent of IL-23. Our results advance our understanding of eosinophil plasticity and have implications for the development of therapeutic approaches for treating allergic lung diseases.
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16
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Kvedaraite E. Neutrophil-T cell crosstalk in inflammatory bowel disease. Immunology 2021; 164:657-664. [PMID: 34240423 PMCID: PMC8561100 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leucocytes in human blood, promptly recruited to the site of tissue injury, where they orchestrate inflammation and tissue repair. The multifaceted functions of neutrophils have been more appreciated during the recent decade, and these cells are now recognized as sophisticated and essential players in infection, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Consequently, our understanding of the role of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their immune responses and their ability to shape adaptive immunity in the gut have been recognized. Here, current knowledge on neutrophil responses in IBD and their capacity to influence T cells are summarized with an emphasis on the role of these cells in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:387-404. [PMID: 34113018 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including γδ T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifestations, as it is at the forefront of the interaction between the mucosal-associated immune cells and the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, biomechanical factors, such as entheseal micro-trauma, might also be involved in the pathogenesis of the articular manifestation of AS, and sentinel immune cells located in the entheses could provide links between local damage, genetic predisposition and the development of chronic inflammation. Although these elements might support the autoinflammatory nature of AS, studies demonstrating the presence of autoantibodies (such as anti-CD74, anti-sclerostin and anti-noggin antibodies) and evidence of activation and clonal expansion of T cell populations support an autoimmune component to the disease. This Review presents the evidence for autoinflammation and the evidence for autoimmunity in AS and, by discussing the pathophysiological factors associated with each, aims to reconcile the two hypotheses.
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18
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Ceribelli A, Motta F, Vecellio M, Isailovic N, Ciccia F, Selmi C. Clinical Trials Supporting the Role of the IL-17/IL-23 Axis in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622770. [PMID: 34149686 PMCID: PMC8206811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases with several common genetic background and clinical features, including the possible involvement of the axial skeleton with peripheral mono- or oligo- arthritis and frequently coexisting skin, eye and intestinal manifestations. When the sacroiliac joints or other parts of the spine or thoracic wall are predominantly affected at magnetic resonance or X-ray imaging with inflammatory back pain, the disease is classified as axial SpA and the therapeutic choices are significantly different compared to cases of peripheral arthritis. Moving from the narrow effectiveness and safety profiles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, there has been a significant research effort aimed at identifying new treatments based on our better understanding of the pathogenesis of SpA. Indeed, in parallel with the solid data demonstrating that IL-17 and IL-23 are key cytokines in the development of enthesitis and spondylitis, monoclonal antibodies interfering with this pathway have been developed for the treatment of axial SpA. Furthermore, the IL-17/IL-23 axis is key to extra-articular manifestations such as inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, and psoriasis which are frequent comorbidities of SpA. Currently available drugs act through these mechanisms recognizing IL-23 and targeting IL-17, such as secukinumab and ixekizumab. These therapeutic approaches are now envisioned in the international treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis with an axial phenotype as well as for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We will provide herein a concise comprehensive overview of the clinical evidence supporting the use of these and other drugs acting on IL-23 and IL-17 in axial SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
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19
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Tollenaere MAX, Hebsgaard J, Ewald DA, Lovato P, Garcet S, Li X, Pilger SD, Tiirikainen ML, Bertelsen M, Krueger JG, Norsgaard H. Signalling of multiple interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines via IL-17 receptor A drives psoriasis-related inflammatory pathways. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:585-594. [PMID: 33792895 PMCID: PMC8453543 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 immune axis is of central importance in psoriasis. However, the impact of IL‐17 family cytokines other than IL‐17A in psoriasis has not been fully established. Objectives To elucidate the contribution of IL‐17 family cytokines in psoriasis. Methods To address the expression and localization of IL‐17 family cytokines, lesional and nonlesional skin samples from patients with psoriasis were analysed by several complementary methods, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoassays, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Mechanistic studies assessing the functional activity of IL‐17 family cytokines were performed using ex vivo cultured human skin biopsies and primary human keratinocytes. Results We demonstrated that IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐17A/F and IL‐17C are expressed at increased levels in psoriasis lesional skin and induce overlapping gene expression responses in ex vivo cultured human skin that correlate with the transcriptomic signature of psoriasis skin. Furthermore, we showed that brodalumab, in contrast to ixekizumab, normalizes gene expression responses induced by the combination of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐17A/F and IL‐17C in human keratinocytes. Conclusions Several IL‐17 ligands signalling through IL‐17RA are overexpressed in psoriasis skin and induce similar psoriasis‐related inflammatory pathways demonstrating their relevance in relation to therapeutic intervention in psoriasis.
What is already known about this topic?
The key role of interleukin (IL)‐17A in psoriasis is well established. Previous studies have shown that IL‐17A, IL‐17F and IL‐17C are overexpressed in psoriasis skin, whereas contradictory results have been published for IL‐17E. IL‐17 family cytokines induce secretion of inflammatory mediators such as antimicrobial peptides, chemokines and cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
What does this study add?
Levels of IL‐17A/F are increased in lesional psoriasis skin but markedly lower than IL‐17A and IL‐17F. In ex vivo cultured human skin, a physiologically relevant model, IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐17A/F and IL‐17C show functional redundancy in shaping the psoriasis transcriptome. IL‐17RA antagonism normalizes expression of psoriasis‐related genes in keratinocytes induced by the combination of IL‐17 family cytokines.
What is the translational message?
Overexpression and functional redundancy of IL‐17 family cytokines in psoriasis may explain why some patients with psoriasis with primary or secondary failure of response to secukinumab or ixekizumab achieve a clinical response after switching to brodalumab.
Linked Comment: M. Sugaya. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:483.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P Lovato
- LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - S Garcet
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Li
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Nakamura A, Haroon N. Recent Updates in the Immunopathology of Type 3 Immunity-Mediated Enthesitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:31. [PMID: 33893896 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enthesitis is a cardinal feature of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Despite increasing available treatments, challenges remain in adequately controlling inflammation and subsequent new bone formation (NBF) in entheses; thus, a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis is warranted. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence has identified immune cells playing key roles in enthesitis such as γδ T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), possibly with site-specific regulatory systems. The presence of T cells producing interleukin (IL)-17 independent of IL-23 in human spinal entheses was recently reported, which may corroborate the discrepancy between recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies. In addition, the contribution of myeloid cells has also been focused in both human and pre-clinical SpA models. Moreover, not only the IL-23/IL-17 signaling, but other key type 3 immunity mediators, such as IL-22 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been reported as pivotal cytokines in inflammation and NBF of entheses. Immune cells demonstrating distinct features orchestrate entheses, leading to the complex landscape of enthesitis. However, recent advances in understanding the immunopathogenesis may provide new therapeutic targets and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nakamura
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Spondylitis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Spondylitis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Menter A, Krueger GG, Paek SY, Kivelevitch D, Adamopoulos IE, Langley RG. Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-23: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Action in Psoriasis and Associated Comorbidities. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:385-400. [PMID: 33512665 PMCID: PMC8019008 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with numerous inflammatory comorbidities, including increased cardiovascular risk. The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis and related comorbidities by acting to stimulate keratinocyte hyperproliferation and feed-forwarding circuits of perpetual T cell-mediated inflammation. IL-17 plays an important role in the downstream portion of the psoriatic inflammatory cascade. This review discusses the distinct mechanisms of action of IL-17 and IL-23 in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis and related comorbidities plus the significant therapeutic benefits of selectively inhibiting these cytokines in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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22
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Mauro D, Simone D, Bucci L, Ciccia F. Novel immune cell phenotypes in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:265-277. [PMID: 33569634 PMCID: PMC7990868 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. Over time, the plethora of cellular elements involved in its pathogenesis has progressively enriched together with the definition of specific cytokine pathways. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of new cellular mediators of inflammation in the pathogenesis of SpA or new subgroups of known cellular mediators. The research in this sense is ongoing, and it is clear that this challenge aimed at identifying new cellular actors involved in the perpetuation of the inflammatory process in AxSpA is not a mere academic exercise but rather aims to define a clear cellular hierarchy. Such a definition could pave the way for new targeted therapies, which could interfere with the inflammatory process and specific pathways that trigger immune system dysregulation and stromal cell activity, ultimately leading to significant control of the inflammation and new bone formation in a significant number of patients. In this review, we will describe the recent advances in terms of new cellular actors involved in the pathogenesis of SpA, focusing our attention on stromal cells and innate and adaptive immunity cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mauro
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Section of Rheumatology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Simone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Bucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Section of Rheumatology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Section of Rheumatology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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23
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Rosine N, Miceli-Richard C. Innate Cells: The Alternative Source of IL-17 in Axial and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis? Front Immunol 2021; 11:553742. [PMID: 33488572 PMCID: PMC7821711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatism characterized by inflammation of sacroiliac joints, peripheral joints, and spine. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis Society describes three disease forms: axial (axSpA), peripheral, and enthesitic SpA. Each may be associated with extra-articular manifestations: psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute anterior uveitis. Genome-wide association studies performed in axSpA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have shown a shared genetic background, especially the interleukin 23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway, which suggests pathophysiological similarities. The convincing positive results of clinical trials assessing the effect of secukinumab and ixekizumab (anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies) in axSpA and PsA have reinforced the speculated crucial role of IL-17 in SpA. Nevertheless, and obviously unexpectedly, the differential efficacy of anti-IL-23–targeted treatments between axSpA (failure) and PsA (success) has profoundly disrupted our presumed knowledge of disease pathogeny. The cells able to secrete IL-17, their dependence on IL-23, and their respective role according to the clinical form of the disease is at the heart of the current debate to potentially explain these observed differences in efficacy of IL-23/IL-17–targeted therapy. In fact, IL-17 secretion is usually mainly related to T helper 17 lymphocytes. Nevertheless, several innate immune cells express IL-23 receptor and can produce IL-17. To what extent these alternative cell populations can produce IL-17 independent of IL-23 and their respective involvement in axSpA and PsA are the crucial scientific questions in SpA. From this viewpoint, this is a nice example of a reverse path from bedside to bench, in which the results of therapeutic trials allow for reflecting more in depth on the pathophysiology of a disease. Here we provide an overview of each innate immunity-producing IL-17 cell subset and their respective role in disease pathogeny at the current level of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosine
- Unité Mixte AP-HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Miceli-Richard
- Unité Mixte AP-HP/Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Paris, France.,Paris University, Department of Rheumatology-Hôpital Cochin. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR Center of Excellence, Paris, France
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24
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Zwicky P, Unger S, Becher B. Targeting interleukin-17 in chronic inflammatory disease: A clinical perspective. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20191123. [PMID: 31727781 PMCID: PMC7037236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many chronic inflammatory diseases share the feature of elevated IL-17 production, therapeutic targeting of IL-17 has vastly different clinical outcomes. Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding the protective and pathogenic role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in preclinical models and human inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, Crohn’s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and others are increasingly recognized as disease entities, where dysregulated cytokines contribute substantially to tissue-specific inflammation. A dysregulation in the IL-23/IL-17 axis can lead to inflammation of barrier tissues, whereas its role in internal organ inflammation remains less clear. Here we discuss the most recent developments in targeting IL-17 for the treatment of chronic inflammation in preclinical models and in patients afflicted with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Fletcher JM, Moran B, Petrasca A, Smith CM. IL-17 in inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:121-134. [PMID: 32379344 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is one of the most important organs in the body, providing integrity and acting as a barrier to exclude microbes, allergens and chemicals. However, chronic skin inflammation can result when barrier function is defective and immune responses are dysregulated or misdirected against harmless or self-antigens. During the last 15 years interleukin (IL)-17 cytokines have emerged as key players in multiple inflammatory disorders, and they appear to be especially prominent in skin inflammation. IL-17 cytokines produced by T cells and other cell types potently activate keratinocytes to promote inflammation in a feed-forward loop. Given this key pathogenic role of the IL-17 pathway in autoimmune and inflammatory disease, it has been the focus of intense efforts to target therapeutically. The inflammatory effects of IL-17 can be targeted directly by blocking the cytokine or its receptor, or indirectly by blocking cytokines upstream of IL-17-producing cells. Psoriasis has been the major success story for anti-IL-17 drugs, where they have proven more effective than in other indications. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is another inflammatory skin disease which, despite carrying a higher burden than psoriasis, is poorly recognized and under-diagnosed, and current treatment options are inadequate. Recently, a key role for the IL-17 pathway in the pathogenesis of HS has emerged, prompting clinical trials with a variety of IL-17 inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the roles of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17C in psoriasis and HS and the strategies taken to target the IL-17 pathway therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Moran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Petrasca
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C M Smith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Cassatella MA, Gardiman E, Arruda-Silva F, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Gasperini S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Larousserie F, Devergne O, Tamassia N. Human neutrophils activated by TLR8 agonists, with or without IFNγ, synthesize and release EBI3, but not IL-12, IL-27, IL-35, or IL-39. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1515-1526. [PMID: 32480433 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0520-054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-12 family of cytokines plays crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. These cytokines include heterodimers sharing distinct α (IL-12A, IL-23A, and IL-27A) with two β (IL-12B and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 [EBI3]) chains, respectively, IL-12 (IL-12B plus IL-12A) and IL-23 (IL-12B plus IL-23A) sharing IL-12B, IL-27 (EBI3 plus IL-27A), IL-35 (EBI3 plus IL-12A), and IL-39 (EBI3 plus IL-23A) sharing EBI3. In this context, we have recently reported that highly pure neutrophils incubated with TLR8 agonists produce functional IL-23. Previously, we showed that neutrophils incubated with LPS plus IFNγ for 20 h produce IL-12. Herein, we investigated whether highly pure, TLR8-activated, neutrophils produce EBI3, and in turn IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, the IL-12 members containing it. We report that neutrophils incubated with TLR8 ligands, TNFα and, to a lesser extent, LPS, produce and release remarkable amounts of EBI3, but not IL-27A, consequently excluding the possibility for an IL-27 production. We also report a series of unsuccessful experiments performed to investigate whether neutrophil-derived EBI3 associates with IL-23A to form IL-39. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils incubated with IFNγ in combination with either TLR8 or TLR4 ligands express/produce neither IL-12, nor IL-35, due to the inability of IFNγ, contrary to previous findings, to activate IL12A transcription. Even IL-27 was undetectable in supernatants harvested from IFNγ plus R848-treated neutrophils, although they were found to accumulate IL27A transcripts. Finally, by immunohistochemistry experiments, EBI3-positive neutrophils were found in discrete pathologies only, including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, Gorham disease, and Bartonella Henselae infection, implying a specific role of neutrophil-derived EBI3 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gardiman
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Arruda-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gasperini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Frederique Larousserie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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27
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Amezcua Vesely MC, Rodríguez C, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodríguez EV. Interleukin-17 mediated immunity during infections with Trypanosoma cruzi and other protozoans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165706. [PMID: 31987839 PMCID: PMC7071987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Host resistance during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, and other protozoans, is dependent on a balanced immune response. Robust immunity against these pathogens requires of the concerted action of many innate and adaptive cell populations including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and B cells among others. Indeed, during most protozoan infections only a balanced production of inflammatory (TH1) and anti-inflammatory (TH2/regulatory) cytokines will allow the control of parasite spreading without compromising host tissue integrity. The description of TH17 cells, a novel effector helper T cell lineage that produced IL-17 as signature cytokine, prompted the revision of our knowledge about the mechanisms that mediate protection and immunopathology during protozoan infections. In this manuscript we discuss the general features of IL-17 mediated immune responses as well as the cellular sources, effector mechanisms and overall role of IL-17 in the immune response to T. cruzi and other protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Amezcua Vesely
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Virginia Acosta Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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28
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Bittner-Eddy PD, Fischer LA, Costalonga M. Transient Expression of IL-17A in Foxp3 Fate-Tracked Cells in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Mediated Oral Dysbiosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32391008 PMCID: PMC7190800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis Porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to the development of a dysbiotic oral microbiome. This altered ecosystem elicits a diverse innate and adaptive immune response that simultaneously involves Th1, Th17, and Treg cells. It has been shown that Th17 cells can alter their gene expression to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is considered the master regulator of Treg cells that produce inhibitory cytokines like IL-10. Differentiation pathways that lead to Th17 and Treg cells from naïve progenitors are considered antagonistic. However, it has been reported that Treg cells expressing IL-17A as well as IFN-γ producing Th17 cells have been observed in several inflammatory conditions. Each scenario appears plausible with T cell transdifferentiation resulting from persistent microbial challenge and consequent inflammation. We established that oral colonization with P. gingivalis drives an initial IL-17A dominated Th17 response in the oral mucosa that is dependent on intraepithelial Langerhans cells (LCs). We hypothesized that Treg cells contribute to this initial IL-17A response through transient expression of IL-17A and that persistent mucosal colonization with P. gingivalis drives Th17 cells toward an IFN-γ phenotype at later stages of infection. We utilized fate-tracking mice where IL-17A- or Foxp3-promoter activity drives the permanent expression of red fluorescent protein tdTomato to test our hypothesis. At day 28 of infection timeline, Th17 cells dominated in the oral mucosa, outnumbering Th1 cells by 3:1. By day 48 this dominance was inverted with Th1 cells outnumbering Th17 cells by nearly 2:1. Tracking tdTomato+ Th17 cells revealed only sporadic transdifferentiation to an IFN-γ-producing phenotype by day 48; the appearance of Th1 cells at day 48 was due to a late de novo Th1 response. tdTomato+ Foxp3+ T cells were 35% of the total live CD4+T cells in the oral mucosa and 3.9% of them developed a transient IL-17A-producing phenotype by day 28. Interestingly, by day 48 these IL-17A-producing Foxp3+ T cells had disappeared. Therefore, persistent oral P. gingivalis infection stimulates an initial IL-17A-biased response led by Th17 cells and a small but significant number of IL-17A-expressing Treg cells that changes into a late de novo Th1 response with only sporadic transdifferentiation of Th17 cells.
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29
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Abstract
There are multiple proinflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of asthma. These include both innate and adaptive inflammation, in addition to inflammatory and physiologic responses mediated by eicosanoids. An important component of the innate allergic immune response is ILC2 activated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and IL-25 to produce IL-5 and IL-13. In terms of the adaptive T-lymphocyte immunity, CD4+ Th2 and IL-17-producing cells are critical in the inflammatory responses in asthma. Last, eicosanoids involved in asthma pathogenesis include prostaglandin D2 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes that promote smooth muscle constriction and inflammation that propagate allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VUMC, T-1218 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, CWRU, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB2-85, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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30
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Bridgewood C, Sharif K, Sherlock J, Watad A, McGonagle D. Interleukin-23 pathway at the enthesis: The emerging story of enthesitis in spondyloarthropathy. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:27-47. [PMID: 31957051 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory disorders collectively termed the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA) include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis, the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the arthritis related to anterior uveitis, and finally, somewhat controversially Behcet's disease. All of these diseases are associated with SNPs in the IL-23R or the interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokine itself and related downstream signaling JAK pathway genes and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway. In rheumatoid arthritis, the target of the immune response is the synovium but the SpA disorders target the tendon, ligament, and joint capsule skeletal anchorage points that are termed entheses. The discovery that IL-23R-expressing cells were ensconced in healthy murine enthesis, and other extraskeletal anchorage points including the aortic root and the ciliary body of the eye and that systemic overexpression of IL-23 resulted in a severe experimental SpA, confirmed a fundamentally different immunobiology to rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, IL-23R-expressing myeloid cells and various innate and adaptive T cells that produce IL-17 family cytokines have also been described in the human enthesis. Blockade of IL-23 pathway with either anti-p40 or anti-p19 subunits has resulted in some spectacular therapeutic successes in psoriasis and PsA including improvement in enthesitis in the peripheral skeleton but has failed to demonstrate efficacy in AS that is largely a spinal polyenthesitis. Herein, we discuss the known biology of IL-23 at the human enthesis and highlight the remarkable emerging story of this unique skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Medicine "B", Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Medicine "B", Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, Leeds, UK
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31
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Interleukin 17 (IL-17) manipulates mouse bone marrow- derived neutrophils in response to acute lung inflammation. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101356. [PMID: 31634721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) mediates neutrophil migration to the lungs during acute inflammation, potentially leading to lung tissue damage. In the present study, we evaluated whether IL-17 could facilitate certain neutrophil functions in a mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups and intranasally challenged with PBS (1 = Control), Influenza A (H1N1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 = Mix), Influenza A alone (3 = Flu), or K. pneumoniae (4 = KP) alone. Bone marrow, BAL cells, and lung specimens were collected seven days post-challenge for analysis. Mice in the Flu group showed the highest mortality rate. Neutrophils were the prominent cell type in BAL from Mix and KP, whereas lymphocytes were most numerous in Flu. Lesions in the lungs revealed considerably damage in the Mix, Flu, and KP groups. Isolated bone marrow-derived neutrophils were in vitro primed with mouse recombinant IL-17A protein (rIL-17A) followed by various functional assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in rIL-17A primed cells showed significant elevations in all groups. Phagocytosis and bacterial destruction showed no significant difference between (+) or (-) rIL-17A groups. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rIL-17A-primed neutrophils showed elevated NET production. We next monitored expressions of genes in neutrophils. IL-17A mRNA expression was significantly increased in Mix and Flu; IL-1β mRNA only significantly increased in Flu, and IL-17RA showed constitutive expressions in all groups. In summary, neutrophils may cause tissue damage during lung inflammation through specific functions influenced by IL-17.
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32
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Sieper J, Poddubnyy D, Miossec P. The IL-23-IL-17 pathway as a therapeutic target in axial spondyloarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:747-757. [PMID: 31551538 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 have an important role in the pathogenesis of, and as a therapeutic target in, both animal models of chronic inflammation and some human chronic inflammatory diseases. The traditional view is that a main source of IL-17 is T cells and that IL-17 production is under the control of IL-23. IL-17 inhibition has shown good efficacy in clinical trials for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a subtype of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) characterized by radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis. On the basis of data from animal models, genetic studies and the investigation of tissue and blood samples from patients with AS, IL-23 had also been predicted to be important in the pathogenesis of this disease and was therefore considered a potential therapeutic target for axSpA. However, two placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials in axSpA of monoclonal antibodies directed against either the p40 protein or the p19 protein of the IL-23 molecule had clear negative results. These findings indicate that IL-23 and IL-17 are at least partly uncoupled in axSpA. Reasons as to why, when and how such an uncoupling might occur are discussed in this Review, with special reference to the unique microenvironment of the subchondral bone marrow in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Sieper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA4130, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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33
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McGeachy MJ, Cua DJ, Gaffen SL. The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease. Immunity 2019; 50:892-906. [PMID: 30995505 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family of cytokines contains 6 structurally related cytokines, IL-17A through IL-17F. IL-17A, the prototypical member of this family, just passed the 25th anniversary of its discovery. Although less is known about IL-17B-F, IL-17A (commonly known as IL-17) has received much attention for its pro-inflammatory role in autoimmune disease. Over the past decade, however, it has become clear that the functions of IL-17 are far more nuanced than simply turning on inflammation. Accumulating evidence indicates that IL-17 has important context- and tissue-dependent roles in maintaining health during response to injury, physiological stress, and infection. Here, we discuss the functions of the IL-17 family, with a focus on the balance between the pathogenic and protective roles of IL-17 in cancer and autoimmune disease, including results of therapeutic blockade and novel aspects of IL-17 signal transduction regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of spondylarthritis (SpA) has been the subject of intensive research in recent years, the consequences for treatment are relatively minor. Basic research studies indicated a potentially important role of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-17 for the pathogenesis of SpA but their outstanding role could then only be demonstrated by their inhibition in clinical studies, while other promising targets, such as IL‑23 and IL‑6 could not be shown to be relevant (at least against axial manifestations) in clinical studies. The intestinal microbiota probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis but not yet for the treatment of SpA. Ultimately, early effective and long-term suppression of inflammation is currently the best method to prevent ankylosis in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sieper
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - D Poddubnyy
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Epidemiologie, Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Deutschland.
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35
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Gonzalez-Orozco M, Barbosa-Cobos RE, Santana-Sanchez P, Becerril-Mendoza L, Limon-Camacho L, Juarez-Estrada AI, Lugo-Zamudio GE, Moreno-Rodriguez J, Ortiz-Navarrete V. Endogenous stimulation is responsible for the high frequency of IL-17A-producing neutrophils in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:44. [PMID: 31388340 PMCID: PMC6676628 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has recently been reported that in addition to T helper (Th) 17 cells, other cells, including neutrophils, produce IL-17A, an important inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of RA. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of interleukin 17A-producing neutrophils in patients with RA. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study including 106 patients with RA and 56 healthy individuals. Whole peripheral blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify CD66b+ CD177+ IL-17A+ neutrophils and CD3+ CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells. Serum levels of IL-17A and IL-6 were measured by means of cytometry bead array (CBA). In purified neutrophils, mRNA levels of IL-17 and RORγ were measured by RT-PCR. In addition, purified neutrophils from patients and healthy controls were stimulated with the cytokines IL-6 and IL-23 to evaluate differences in their capacity to produce IL-17A. Results Neutrophils from RA patients expressed IL-17 and RORγ mRNA. Consequently, these cells also expressed IL-17A. Serum IL-17A levels but not Th17 cell numbers were increased in RA patients. Neutrophils positive for cytoplasmic IL-17A were more abundant in patients with RA (mean 1.2 ± 3.18%) than in healthy individuals (mean 0.07 ± 0.1%) (p < 0.0001). Although increased IL-17A+ neutrophil numbers were present in RA patients regardless of disease activity (mean 6.5 ± 5.14%), they were more frequent in patients with a more recent diagnosis (mean time after disease onset 3.5 ± 4.24 years). IL-6 and IL-23 induced the expression of RORγ but failed to induce IL-17A expression by neutrophils from RA patients and healthy individuals after a 3 h stimulation. Conclusion IL-17A-producing neutrophils are increased in some RA patients, which are not related to disease activity but have an increased frequency in patients with recent-onset disease. This finding suggests that IL-17A-producing neutrophils play an early role in the development of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13223-019-0359-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez-Orozco
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Barbosa-Cobos
- 2Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. IPN 5160, 07760 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Santana-Sanchez
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Leonardo Limon-Camacho
- 3Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Central Norte, Pemex, Campo Matillas 52, 02720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana I Juarez-Estrada
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo E Lugo-Zamudio
- 2Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. IPN 5160, 07760 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Moreno-Rodriguez
- 4Direccion de Enseñanza e Investigacion, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. IPN 5160, 07760 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- 1Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There was a substantial progress in the field of spondyloarthritis (SpA) in terms of understanding disease mechanisms, early diagnosis, and improved treatment. Nonetheless, several unresolved questions and unmet needs do remain. RECENT FINDINGS Although the diagnostic delay in axial SpA is decreasing, it remains one of the longest in rheumatology. Application of referral strategies, as well as correct application and interpretation of imaging finding in the clinical context, is the main key to early diagnosis of axial SpA. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-17 represent currently two major treatment targets in SpA, while other promising targets such as IL-23 or IL-6 failed in clinical trials. There is an unmet need for strategy trials to optimize and to individualize treatment in SpA. The role of Janus kinases and their blockade in SpA is still to be explored. TNF blockade showed efficacy in peripheral SpA, and other targets (IL-17 and IL-23) should be investigated in clinical trials. Early, effective, and long-term suppression of inflammation is currently the best method to prevent structural damage progression in the spine in axial SpA, while specific effects of IL-17 blockade and of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on new bone formation are still being investigated. This review summarizes the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of SpA and discusses the current unmet needs in the field.
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37
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McGonagle DG, McInnes IB, Kirkham BW, Sherlock J, Moots R. The role of IL-17A in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: recent advances and controversies. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1167-1178. [PMID: 31278139 PMCID: PMC6788885 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not fully elucidated, several lines of evidence suggest that immune responses mediated by interleukin 17A (IL-17A) play a pivotal role in both diseases. This is best highlighted by the significant clinical efficacy shown with inhibitors of IL-17A in treating axSpA and PsA. Nevertheless, a number of knowledge gaps exist regarding the role of IL-17A in the pathophysiology of spondyloarthritis in man, including its cellular origin, its precise role in discrete disease processes such enthesitis, bone erosion, and bone formation, and the reasons for the discrepant responses to IL-17A inhibition observed in certain other spondyloarthritis manifestations. In this review, we focus on the latest data from studies investigating the role of IL-17A in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and PsA that build on existing and emerging scientific knowledge in the field. Key remaining research questions are also highlighted to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bruce W Kirkham
- Rheumatology Department, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Moots
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK .,Department of Academic Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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38
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Cassatella MA, Östberg NK, Tamassia N, Soehnlein O. Biological Roles of Neutrophil-Derived Granule Proteins and Cytokines. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:648-664. [PMID: 31155315 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in human circulation, entertain intense interactions with other leukocyte subsets, platelets, and stromal cells. Molecularly, such interactions are typically communicated through proteins generated during granulopoiesis, stored in granules, or produced on demand. Here, we provide an overview of the mammalian regulation of granule protein production in the bone marrow and the de novo synthesis of cytokines by neutrophils recruited to tissues. In addition, we discuss some of the known biological roles of these protein messengers, and how neutrophil-borne granule proteins and cytokines can synergize to modulate inflammation and tumor development. Decoding the neutrophil interactome is important for therapeutically neutralizing individual proteins to putatively dampen inflammation, or for delivering modified neutrophil-borne proteins to boost host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya K Östberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der LMU, München, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site, Munich, Germany.
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39
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Tamassia N, Arruda‐Silva F, Wright HL, Moots RJ, Gardiman E, Bianchetto‐Aguilera F, Gasperini S, Capone M, Maggi L, Annunziato F, Edwards SW, Cassatella MA. Human neutrophils activated via TLR8 promote Th17 polarization through IL‐23. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1155-1165. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0818-308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tamassia
- Department of MedicineSection of General PathologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Fabio Arruda‐Silva
- Department of MedicineSection of General PathologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
- CAPES FoundationMinistry of Education of Brazil Brasilia DF Brazil
| | - Helen L. Wright
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kindom
| | - Robert J. Moots
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kindom
| | - Elisa Gardiman
- Department of MedicineSection of General PathologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | | | - Sara Gasperini
- Department of MedicineSection of General PathologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Manuela Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE CenterUniversity of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE CenterUniversity of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE CenterUniversity of Florence Firenze Italy
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool United Kindom
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Department of MedicineSection of General PathologyUniversity of Verona Verona Italy
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40
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Li Y, Shen Y, Lin D, Zhang H, Wang T, Liu H, Wang Y. Neutrophils and IL17A mediate flagellar hook protein FlgE-induced mouse acute lung inflammation. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12975. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Ying Shen
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Dandan Lin
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao); Qingdao China
| | - Ting Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology-Thrombosis and Hemostasis Group, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, College of Medicine; Soochow University; Suzhou China
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease that is pathogenically driven by proinflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the immunologic role of interleukin (IL)-17, the major effector cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease, along with the rationale for targeting the IL-17 cytokine family (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17 receptor A) in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Emerging evidence indicates that major sources of IL-17A in patients with psoriatic disease are mast cells, γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells in lesional skin and synovial fluid. Within the skin and joints, IL-17A acts on cellular targets, including keratinocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, to stimulate production of various antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and proinflammatory and proliferative cytokines, which, in turn, promote tissue inflammation and bone remodeling. The critical importance of the IL-23/IL-17A axis to the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease has resulted in many new biologic treatments targeting these cytokines. These biologics dramatically improve skin and joint symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, 9495 SW Locust St, Suite G, Portland, OR,, 97223, USA.
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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42
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Tamassia N, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Arruda-Silva F, Gardiman E, Gasperini S, Calzetti F, Cassatella MA. Cytokine production by human neutrophils: Revisiting the "dark side of the moon". Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12952. [PMID: 29772063 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most numerous leucocytes present in human blood, and function as crucial players in innate immune responses. Neutrophils are indispensable for the defence towards microbes, as they effectively counter them by releasing toxic enzymes, by synthetizing reactive oxygen species and by producing inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, recent findings have highlighted an important role of neutrophils also as promoters of the resolution of inflammation process, indicating that their biological functions go well beyond simple pathogen killing. Consistently, data from the last decades have highlighted that neutrophils may even contribute to the development of adaptive immunity by performing previously unanticipated functions, including the capacity to extend their survival, directly interact with other leucocytes or cell types, and produce and release a variety of cytokines. In this article, we will summarize the main features of, as well as emphasize some important concepts on, the production of cytokines by human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tamassia
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Arruda-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Gardiman
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Gasperini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Calzetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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43
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Liu Y, Wang K, Liang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wei H, Luo R, Ge S, Xu G. Complement C3 Produced by Macrophages Promotes Renal Fibrosis via IL-17A Secretion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2385. [PMID: 30405606 PMCID: PMC6204358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement synthesis in cells of origin is strongly linked to the pathogenesis and progression of renal disease. Multiple studies have examined local C3 synthesis in renal disease and elucidated the contribution of local cellular sources, but the contribution of infiltrating inflammatory cells remains unclear. We investigate the relationships among C3, macrophages and Th17 cells, which are involved in interstitial fibrosis. Here, we report that increased local C3 expression, mainly by monocyte/macrophages, was detected in renal biopsy specimens and was correlated with the severity of renal fibrosis (RF) and indexes of renal function. In mouse models of UUO (unilateral ureteral obstruction), we found that local C3 was constitutively expressed throughout the kidney in the interstitium, from which it was released by F4/80+macrophages. After the depletion of macrophages using clodronate, mice lacking macrophages exhibited reductions in C3 expression and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Blocking C3 expression with a C3 and C3aR inhibitor provided similar protection against renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. These protective effects were associated with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, renal recruitment of inflammatory cells, and the Th17 response. in vitro, recombinant C3a significantly enhanced T cell proliferation and IL-17A expression, which was mediated through phosphorylation of ERK, STAT3, and STAT5 and activation of NF-kB in T cells. More importantly, blockade of C3a by a C3aR inhibitor drastically suppressed IL-17A expression in C3a-stimulated T cells. We propose that local C3 secretion by macrophages leads to IL-17A-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration into the kidney, which further drives fibrogenic responses. Our findings suggest that inhibition of the C3a/C3aR pathway is a novel therapeutic approach for obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueqiang Li
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiu Zhang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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