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Lee CE, Kim JY, Yoon JS, Ko J. Role of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 and Autophagy in the Pro-Fibrotic Mechanism Underlying Graves' Orbitopathy. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:397-405. [PMID: 38910302 PMCID: PMC11199180 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital fibroblasts play key roles in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and previous findings have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy also contribute to GO. In this study, we investigated the presently unclear roles of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and related autophagy processes in the pro-fibrotic mechanism of GO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orbital adipose/connective tissues were obtained from eight GO patients and six normal individuals during surgery. GO fibroblasts were transfected with IRE1 small-interfering RNA and treated with bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ER stress and autophagy, and protein-expression levels were analyzed through western blotting after stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. RESULTS TGF-β stimulation upregulated IRE1 in GO orbital fibroblasts, whereas silencing IRE1 suppressed fibrosis and autophagy responses. Similarly, Baf-A1, an inhibitor of late-phase autophagy, decreased the expression of pro-fibrotic proteins. CONCLUSION IRE1 mediates autophagy and the pro-fibrotic mechanism of GO, which provides a more comprehensive interpretation of GO pathogenesis and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Siloam Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Song P, Zhang W, Guo S, Wang G, Gao T, Li C, Liu L. Membranal Expression of Calreticulin Induced by Unfolded Protein Response in Melanocytes: A Mechanism Underlying Oxidative Stress-Induced Autoimmunity in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1622-1632.e5. [PMID: 38246583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is reported to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the membrane in melanocytes under oxidative stress. To investigate the potential role of CRT in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, we analyzed the correlation between CRT and ROS in serum and lesions of vitiligo, detected CRT and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression in vitiligo lesions, and studied the production of CRT and mediators of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and then tested the chemotactic migration of CD8+ T cells or CD11c+ CD86+ cells. Initially, we verified the overexpression of CRT in perilesional epidermis that was positively correlated with the disease severity of vitiligo. Furthermore, the PERK branch of UPR was confirmed to be responsible for the overexpression and membranal translocation of CRT in melanocytes under oxidative stress. We also found that oxidative stress-induced membranal translocation of CRT promoted the activation and migration of CD8+ T cells in vitiligo. In addition, dendritic cells from patients with vitiligo were also prone to maturation with the coincubation of melanocytes harboring membranal CRT. CRT could be induced on the membrane of melanocytes through UPR and might play a role in oxidative stress-triggered CD8+ T-cell response in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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von Hofsten S, Fenton KA, Pedersen HL. Human and Murine Toll-like Receptor-Driven Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5351. [PMID: 38791389 PMCID: PMC11120885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is linked to the differential roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. TLR7 overexpression or gene duplication, as seen with the Y-linked autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) locus or TLR7 agonist imiquimod, correlates with increased SLE severity, and specific TLR7 polymorphisms and gain-of-function variants are associated with enhanced SLE susceptibility and severity. In addition, the X-chromosome location of TLR7 and its escape from X-chromosome inactivation provide a genetic basis for female predominance in SLE. The absence of TLR8 and TLR9 have been shown to exacerbate the detrimental effects of TLR7, leading to upregulated TLR7 activity and increased disease severity in mouse models of SLE. The regulatory functions of TLR8 and TLR9 have been proposed to involve competition for the endosomal trafficking chaperone UNC93B1. However, recent evidence implies more direct, regulatory functions of TLR9 on TLR7 activity. The association between age-associated B cells (ABCs) and autoantibody production positions these cells as potential targets for treatment in SLE, but the lack of specific markers necessitates further research for precise therapeutic intervention. Therapeutically, targeting TLRs is a promising strategy for SLE treatment, with drugs like hydroxychloroquine already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah von Hofsten
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Kristin Andreassen Fenton
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Hege Lynum Pedersen
- Centre of Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
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4
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Syed F, Ballew O, Lee CC, Rana J, Krishnan P, Castela A, Weaver SA, Chalasani NS, Thomaidou SF, Demine S, Chang G, Coomans de Brachène A, Alvelos MI, Marselli L, Orr K, Felton JL, Liu J, Marchetti P, Zaldumbide A, Scheuner D, Eizirik DL, Evans-Molina C. Pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine protein-kinase 2 reduces islet inflammation and delays type 1 diabetes onset in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585925. [PMID: 38766166 PMCID: PMC11100605 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine protein-kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the Janus kinase family, mediates inflammatory signaling through multiple cytokines, including interferon-α (IFNα), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23. Missense mutations in TYK2 are associated with protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D), and inhibition of TYK2 shows promise in the management of other autoimmune conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of specific TYK2 inhibitors (TYK2is) in pre-clinical models of T1D. First, human β cells, cadaveric donor islets, and iPSC-derived islets were treated in vitro with IFNα in combination with a small molecule TYK2i (BMS-986165 or a related molecule BMS-986202). TYK2 inhibition prevented IFNα-induced β cell HLA class I up-regulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and chemokine production. In co-culture studies, pre-treatment of β cells with a TYK2i prevented IFNα-induced activation of T cells targeting an epitope of insulin. In vivo administration of BMS-986202 in two mouse models of T1D (RIP-LCMV-GP mice and NOD mice) reduced systemic and tissue-localized inflammation, prevented β cell death, and delayed T1D onset. Transcriptional phenotyping of pancreatic islets, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), and spleen during early disease pathogenesis highlighted a role for TYK2 inhibition in modulating signaling pathways associated with inflammation, translational control, stress signaling, secretory function, immunity, and diabetes. Additionally, TYK2i treatment changed the composition of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the blood and disease target tissues, resulting in an immune phenotype with a diminished capacity for β cell destruction. Overall, these findings indicate that TYK2i has beneficial effects in both the immune and endocrine compartments in models of T1D, thus supporting a path forward for testing TYK2 inhibitors in human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Ballew
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Sofia F. Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Demine
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Garrick Chang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Maria Ines Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kara Orr
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Felton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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5
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Cavalu S, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Elmorsy EA, Youssef ME. Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336145. [PMID: 38699177 PMCID: PMC11064656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors. Additionally, it is suggested that orexin-A deficiency is linked to sleepiness and narcolepsy. The orexins bind to their respective receptors, the orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), and activate different signaling pathways, which results in the mediation of various physiological functions. Orexin receptors are widely expressed in different parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, lungs, and bone marrow. The expression levels of orexins and their receptors play a crucial role in apoptosis, which makes them a potential target for clinical treatment of various disorders. This article delves into the significance of orexins and orexin receptors in the process of apoptosis, highlighting their expression levels and their potential contributions to different diseases. The article offers an overview of the existing understanding of the orexin/receptor system and how it influences the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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6
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Matsumoto M, Ogawa N, Fukuda T, Bando Y, Nishimura T, Usuda J. Protein interaction networks characterizing the A549 cells Klotho transfected are associated with activated pro-apoptotic Bim and suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2130. [PMID: 38267588 PMCID: PMC10808115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive assays and lung tumor-bearing mice models using a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells transfected with the Klotho (KL) gene, A549/KL cells, have confirmed that KL suppresses invasive/metastatic potential. This study aimed to identify the co-expression protein networks and proteomic profiles associated with A549/KL cells to understand how Klotho protein expression affects molecular networks associated with lung carcinoma malignancy. A two-step application of a weighted network correlation analysis to the cells' quantitative proteome datasets of a total of 6,994 proteins, identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis with data-independent acquisition (DIA), identified one network module as most significantly associated with the A549/KL trait. Upstream analyses, confirmed by western blot, implicated the pro-apoptotic Bim (Bcl-2-like protein 11) as a master regulator of molecular networks affected by Klotho. GeneMANIA interaction networks and quantitative proteome data implicated that Klotho interacts with two signaling axes: negatively with the Wnt/β-catenin axis, and positively by activating Bim. Our findings might contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Naomi Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihide Nishimura
- Department of Translational Medicine Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Jitsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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Reuschlé Q, Van Heddegem L, Bosteels V, Moncan M, Depauw S, Wadier N, Maréchal S, De Nolf C, Delgado V, Messai Y, Stolzenberg MC, Magérus A, Werck A, Olagne J, Li Q, Lefevre G, Korganow AS, Rieux-Laucat F, Janssens S, Soulas-Sprauel P. Loss of function of XBP1 splicing activity of IRE1α favors B cell tolerance breakdown. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103152. [PMID: 38071801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Anti-nuclear antibodies are the hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma. However, the molecular mechanisms of B cell tolerance breakdown in these pathological contexts are poorly known. The study of rare familial forms of autoimmune diseases could therefore help to better describe common biological mechanisms leading to B cell tolerance breakdown. By Whole-Exome Sequencing, we identified a new heterozygous mutation (p.R594C) in ERN1 gene, encoding IRE1α (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α), in a multiplex family with several members presenting autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity. Using human cell lines and a knock-in (KI) transgenic mouse model, we showed that this mutation led to a profound defect of IRE1α ribonuclease activity on X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) splicing. The KI mice developed a broad panel of autoantibodies, however in a subclinical manner. These results suggest that a decrease of spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) production could contribute to B cell tolerance breakdown and give new insights into the function of IRE1α which are important to consider for the development of IRE1α targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Reuschlé
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Arthritis R&D, Neuilly sur Seine, France
| | - Laurien Van Heddegem
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor Bosteels
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moncan
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Depauw
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Wadier
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Maréchal
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clint De Nolf
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Virginia Delgado
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Werck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Olagne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; Department of Adult Nephrology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guillaume Lefevre
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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8
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Redouane-Salah A, Souad A, Kerkatou W, Wojnicki K, Ramos AM, Ortiz A, Kaminska B, Menad A. Renoprotective effect of Limonium duriusculum (de Girard) Kuntze via modulation of oxidative stress/ UPR markers and inflammation during cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:1023-1032. [PMID: 38911250 PMCID: PMC11193500 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.77052.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the potency of the renoprotective effect of the EtOAc fraction of Limonium duriusculum (EALD) (Plumbaginaceae) against cyclosporine A (CsA), in comparison to vitamin E (Vit. E). Materials and Methods In the in-vivo experiment, a model of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity was established by dosing male Wistar rats with 25 mg/kg, for 14 days. The protective effect of EALD was investigated through pretreatment of rats with a dose of 200 mg/kg for 14 days, compared to the oral administration of Vit. E at 100 mg/kg. Renal function and markers of oxidative stress were then assessed. Furthermore, a complementary in-vitro study was carried out to evaluate CsA-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation on cell culture (3T3 cells and MCT cells) using western blot and quantitative RT-PCR.. Results Pretreatment of rats with EALD significantly attenuated the elevated levels of renal dysfunction markers (BUN, creatinine) and suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; It also significantly regulated the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxydase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels as compared to Vit. E, demonstrating a more effective recovery in renal tissues. Treatment of cells with CsA was linked to the expression of ERS and inflammatory markers activating transcription factor (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1). In contrast, pretreatment of cells with EALD resulted in a significant decrease in both ERS and inflammatory markers. Conclusion These findings indicate the renoprotective potential of L. duriusculum, as it demonstrated the ability to ameliorate CsA-induced renal dysfunction through its distinctive antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzedine Redouane-Salah
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Aïn El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Ameddah Souad
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Aïn El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Wafa Kerkatou
- Unité de Recherche, Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, Route Aïn El Bey, 25 000 Constantine, Algérie
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian M. Ramos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed Menad
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Aïn El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algérie
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9
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Thomas P, Gallagher MT, Da Silva Xavier G. Beta cell lipotoxicity in the development of type 2 diabetes: the need for species-specific understanding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1275835. [PMID: 38144558 PMCID: PMC10739424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1275835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to have both environmental and hereditary components. In those with a genetic predisposition to T2D, it is widely believed that elevated concentrations of circulatory long-chain fatty acids (LC-FFA) significantly contribute towards the demise of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells - the fundamental feature of the development of T2D. Over 25 years of research support that LC-FFA are deleterious to β-cells, through a process termed lipotoxicity. However, the work underpinning the theory of β-cell lipotoxicity is mostly based on rodent studies. Doubts have been raised as to whether lipotoxicity also occurs in humans. In this review, we examine the evidence, both in vivo and in vitro, for the pathogenic effects of LC-FFA on β-cell viability and function in humans, highlighting key species differences. In this way, we aim to uncover the role of lipotoxicity in the human pathogenesis of T2D and motivate the need for species-specific understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Thomas
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Meurig T. Gallagher
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Moncan M, Rakhsh-Khorshid H, Eriksson LA, Samali A, Gorman AM. Insights into the structure and function of the RNA ligase RtcB. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:352. [PMID: 37935993 PMCID: PMC10630183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
To be functional, some RNAs require a processing step involving splicing events. Each splicing event necessitates an RNA ligation step. RNA ligation is a process that can be achieved with various intermediaries such as self-catalysing RNAs, 5'-3' and 3'-5' RNA ligases. While several types of RNA ligation mechanisms occur in human, RtcB is the only 3'-5' RNA ligase identified in human cells to date. RtcB RNA ligation activity is well known to be essential for the splicing of XBP1, an essential transcription factor of the unfolded protein response; as well as for the maturation of specific intron-containing tRNAs. As such, RtcB is a core factor in protein synthesis and homeostasis. Taking advantage of the high homology between RtcB orthologues in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, this review will provide an introduction to the structure of RtcB and the mechanism of 3'-5' RNA ligation. This analysis is followed by a description of the mechanisms regulating RtcB activity and localisation, its known partners and its various functions from bacteria to human with a specific focus on human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Moncan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hassan Rakhsh-Khorshid
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Biomedical Sciences, Upper Newcastle, University of Galway, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland.
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11
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Cui S, Ke L, Wang H, Li L. TSG-6 alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and blood-brain barrier disruption by suppressing ER stress-mediated inflammation. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148466. [PMID: 37336316 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) exhibits promising neuroprotective activity, but how it influences cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury remains to be established. Here, the impact of TSG-6 on the CIR-induced disturbance in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and associated neurological degeneration was assessed, and the related molecular processes were explored. In this study, TSG-6 markedly reduced CIR-mediated increases in neurological deficit scores, decreased infarct volume, and protected against the apoptotic death of neurons in MCAO/R model rats. Similarly, TSG-6 pretreatment protected cultured neurons against OGD/R-associated neuronal death. TSG-6 also restored BBB integrity, suppressing PERK-eIF2α and IRE1α-TRAF2 pathway activation in CIR model systems, thereby inhibiting NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The further use of specific inhibitors of ER stress, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), PERK (GSK2656157), and IRE1α (STF083010) demonstrated the ability of ER stress to drive inflammatory activity in the context of CIR injury i the PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB and IRE1α-TRAF2-NF-κB pathways. Consistently, the activation of ER stress using tunicamycin resulted in reversing the beneficial effects of TSG-6 on CIR-associated BBB disruption and neurological damage in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with TSG-6 can protect against CIR injury via the inhibition of ER stress-related inflammatory activity induced through the PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB and IRE1α-TRAF2-NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Lujiang Road 17, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Liangyong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
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12
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Ren F, Narita R, Rashidi AS, Fruhwürth S, Gao Z, Bak RO, Thomsen MK, Verjans GMGM, Reinert LS, Paludan SR. ER stress induces caspase-2-tBID-GSDME-dependent cell death in neurons lytically infected with herpes simplex virus type 2. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113118. [PMID: 37646198 PMCID: PMC10548179 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, have the capacity to infect neurons and can cause severe diseases. This is associated with neuronal cell death, which may contribute to morbidity or even mortality if the infection is not controlled. However, the mechanistic details of HSV-induced neuronal cell death remain enigmatic. Here, we report that lytic HSV-2 infection of human neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells and primary human and murine brain cells leads to cell death mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME). HSV-2-induced GSDME-mediated cell death occurs downstream of replication-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress driven by inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α), leading to activation of caspase-2, cleavage of the pro-apoptotic protein BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), and mitochondria-dependent activation of caspase-3. Finally, necrotic neurons released alarmins, which activated inflammatory responses in human iPSC-derived microglia. In conclusion, lytic HSV infection in neurons activates an ER stress-driven pathway to execute GSDME-mediated cell death and promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Ren
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ryo Narita
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ahmad S Rashidi
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Zongliang Gao
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | | | | | - Line S Reinert
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of MedicineSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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13
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Choi HJ, Yu XZ. ER stress: an emerging regulator in GVHD development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212215. [PMID: 37744326 PMCID: PMC10511645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a promising therapeutic option for hematologic malignancies. However, the clinical benefits of allo-HCT are limited by the development of complications including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Conditioning regimens, such as chemotherapy and irradiation, which are administered to the patients prior to allo-HCT, can disrupt the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, and induce ER stress in the recipient's cells. The conditioning regimen activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which, in turn, activate donor cells, leading to ER stress in the transplanted cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that manages ER stress in response to cellular stress. UPR has been identified as a significant regulatory player that influences the function of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), in various disease progressions. Therefore, targeting the UPR pathway has garnered significant attention as a promising approach for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the contribution of ER stress response to the development of GVHD in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Additionally, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting UPR to enhance the effectiveness of allo-HCT for patients with hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, and the Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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14
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Takahashi S, Takagane K, Itoh G, Kuriyama S, Umakoshi M, Goto A, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Iijima K, Tanaka M. CCDC85A is regulated by miR-224-3p and augments cancer cell resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196546. [PMID: 37534255 PMCID: PMC10391547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we analyzed miRNAs in tumor stromal fibroblasts. Expression of miR-224-3p in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) from scirrhous gastric cancer patients was lower than in normal fibroblasts (NF). Introduction of a miR-224-3p mimic attenuated migration and invasion of CAF. Coiled-coil domain containing 85A (CCDC85A), whose function in tumors is not understood, was the target gene of miR-224-3p. Immunohistological analysis revealed that CCDC85A is expressed to varying degrees by cancer cells and CAFs in gastric and pancreatic carcinomas. Downregulation of CCDC85A in cancer cells revealed that these cells are vulnerable to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by thapsigargin or tunicamycin, which were ameliorated after addback of CCDC85A. Injection of NF-derived exosomes containing miR-224-3p into the xenograft tumor increased tumor shrinkage by cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, CCDC85A associated with the molecular chaperone GRP78 and GRP94, thereby inhibiting association of these negative regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to sustained activation of PERK and downstream eIF2〈 and ATF4 upon ER stress. These data suggest a novel miR-224-3p-mediated function for CCDC85A: protection from ER stress and cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Michinobu Umakoshi
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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15
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D'Urso A, Oltolina F, Borsotti C, Prat M, Colangelo D, Follenzi A. Macrophage Reprogramming via the Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response with siRNA-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles in a TAM-like Experimental Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1711. [PMID: 37376159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are required in cancer therapy. Considering the prominent role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the development and progression of cancer, the re-education of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could represent a potential approach for cancer immunotherapy. TAMs display an irregular unfolded protein response (UPR) in their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to endure environmental stress and ensure anti-cancer immunity. Therefore, nanotechnology could be an attractive tool to modulate the UPR in TAMs, providing an alternative strategy for TAM-targeted repolarization therapy. Herein, we developed and tested polydopamine-coupled magnetite nanoparticles (PDA-MNPs) functionalized with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to downregulate the protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) expression in TAM-like macrophages derived from murine peritoneal exudate (PEMs). After the evaluation of the cytocompatibility, the cellular uptake, and the gene silencing efficiency of PDA-MNPs/siPERK in PEMs, we analyzed their ability to re-polarize in vitro these macrophages from M2 to the M1 inflammatory anti-tumor phenotype. Our results indicate that PDA-MNPs, with their magnetic and immunomodulator features, are cytocompatible and able to re-educate TAMs toward the M1 phenotype by PERK inhibition, a UPR effector contributing to TAM metabolic adaptation. These findings can provide a novel strategy for the development of new tumor immunotherapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita D'Urso
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Oltolina
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Prat
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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16
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Català-Senent JF, Andreu Z, Hidalgo MR, Soler-Sáez I, Roig FJ, Yanguas-Casás N, Neva-Alejo A, López-Cerdán A, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, Stranger BE, García-García F. A deep transcriptome meta-analysis reveals sex differences in multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106113. [PMID: 37023829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic auto-immune, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, affects both males and females; however, females suffer from a higher risk of developing MS (2-3:1 ratio relative to males). The precise sex-based factors influencing risk of MS are currently unknown. Here, we explore the role of sex in MS to identify molecular mechanisms underlying observed MS sex differences that may guide novel therapeutic approaches tailored for males or females. METHODS We performed a rigorous and systematic review of genome-wide transcriptome studies of MS that included patient sex data in the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress databases following PRISMA statement guidelines. For each selected study, we analyzed differential gene expression to explore the impact of the disease in females (IDF), in males (IDM) and our main goal: the sex differential impact of the disease (SDID). Then, for each scenario (IDF, IDM and SDID) we performed 2 meta-analyses in the main tissues involved in the disease (brain and blood). Finally, we performed a gene set analysis in brain tissue, in which a higher number of genes were dysregulated, to characterize sex differences in biological pathways. RESULTS After screening 122 publications, the systematic review provided a selection of 9 studies (5 in blood and 4 in brain tissue) with a total of 474 samples (189 females with MS and 109 control females; 82 males with MS and 94 control males). Blood and brain tissue meta-analyses identified, respectively, 1 (KIR2DL3) and 13 (ARL17B, CECR7, CEP78, IFFO2, LOC401127, NUDT18, RNF10, SLC17A5, STMP1, TRAF3IP2-AS1, UBXN2B, ZNF117, ZNF488) MS-associated genes that differed between males and females (SDID comparison). Functional analyses in the brain revealed different altered immune patterns in females and males (IDF and IDM comparisons). The pro-inflammatory environment and innate immune responses related to myeloid lineage appear to be more affected in females, while adaptive responses associated with the lymphocyte lineage in males. Additionally, females with MS displayed alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, purine, and glutamate metabolism, while MS males displayed alterations in stress response to metal ion, amine, and amino acid transport. CONCLUSION We found transcriptomic and functional differences between MS males and MS females (especially in the immune system), which may support the development of new sex-based research of this disease. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the role of biological sex in MS to guide a more personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- Foundation Valencian Institute of Oncology (FIVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Soler-Sáez
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Roig
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Natalia Yanguas-Casás
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Grupo de Investigación en Linfomas, C/Joaquín Rodrigo 2, Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Neva-Alejo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo López-Cerdán
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vayá
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francisco García-García
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Sadeghalvad M, Yavari N, Primavera R, Soltani S, Chetty S, Ganguly A, Regmi S, Fløyel T, Kaur S, Mirza AH, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040649. [PMID: 37189396 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells' fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67155-1616, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Iran
| | - Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tina Fløyel
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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18
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Lei N, Song H, Zeng L, Ji S, Meng X, Zhu X, Li X, Feng Q, Liu J, Mu J. Persistent Lipid Accumulation Leads to Persistent Exacerbation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation in Progressive NASH via the IRE1α/TRAF2 Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073185. [PMID: 37049952 PMCID: PMC10095702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic disorder that often leads to other severe liver diseases, yet treatment options are limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important pathogenetic mechanism of NASH and plays a key role in tandem steatosis as well as liver inflammation. This study aims to develop a progressive NASH model through sustained lipid accumulation and to elucidate its molecular mechanism through IRE1α/TRAF2 complex. Male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4, 8, and 12 weeks to induce progressive NASH. MRNA sequencing and PPI analysis were used to screen core genes. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used at each time point to compare differences between each index of progressive NASH at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Sustained lipid accumulation led to structural disruption of the ER, a reduction in ER number, and an increase of lipid droplet aggregation in hepatocytes. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent increase in mRNA and protein expression of the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex, IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway and ASK1/JNK1 signaling pathway, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 also continued to increase. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent exacerbation of ER stress and inflammation in progressive NASH via the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongfei Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Shaoxiu Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuying Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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19
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Ma L, Hua L, Yu W, Ke L, Li LY. TSG-6 inhibits hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation by regulating IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signalling. Int Wound J 2023; 20:1008-1019. [PMID: 36056472 PMCID: PMC10031217 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-stimulated gene (TSG-6) was reported to suppress hypertrophic scar (HS) formation in a rabbit ear model, and the overexpression of TSG-6 in human HS fibroblasts (HSFs) was found to induce their apoptotic death. The molecular basis for these findings, however, remains to be clarified. HSFs were subjected to TSG-6 treatment. Treatment with TSG-6 significantly suppressed HSF proliferation and induced them to undergo apoptosis. Moreover, TSG-6 exposure led to reductions in collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA mRNA and protein levels, with a corresponding drop in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression indicative of impaired proliferative activity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also suppressed in these HSFs as demonstrated by decreases in Bip and p-IRE1α expression, downstream inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) -Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway signalling was inhibited and treated cells failed to induce NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. Overall, ER stress was found to trigger inflammatory activity in HSFs via the IRE1α-TRAF2 axis, as confirmed with the specific inhibitor of IRE1α STF083010. Additionally, the effects of TSG-6 on apoptosis, collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and PCNA of HSFs were reversed by the IRE1α activator thapsigargin (TG). These data suggest that TSG-6 administration can effectively suppress the proliferation of HSFs in part via the inhibition of IRE1α-mediated ER stress-induced inflammation (IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signalling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing city Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou City, PR China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Yong Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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20
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Wu KY, Kulbay M, Toameh D, Xu AQ, Kalevar A, Tran SD. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Novel Therapeutic Targets and Drug Development. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:685. [PMID: 36840007 PMCID: PMC9963330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors leading to progressive visual decline. It is the most common type of inherited retinal dystrophy and has a high burden on both patients and society. This condition causes gradual loss of vision, with its typical manifestations including nyctalopia, concentric visual field loss, and ultimately bilateral central vision loss. It is one of the leading causes of visual disability and blindness in people under 60 years old and affects over 1.5 million people worldwide. There is currently no curative treatment for people with RP, and only a small group of patients with confirmed RPE65 mutations are eligible to receive the only gene therapy on the market: voretigene neparvovec. The current therapeutic armamentarium is limited to retinoids, vitamin A supplements, protection from sunlight, visual aids, and medical and surgical interventions to treat ophthalmic comorbidities, which only aim to slow down the progression of the disease. Considering such a limited therapeutic landscape, there is an urgent need for developing new and individualized therapeutic modalities targeting retinal degeneration. Although the heterogeneity of gene mutations involved in RP makes its target treatment development difficult, recent fundamental studies showed promising progress in elucidation of the photoreceptor degeneration mechanism. The discovery of novel molecule therapeutics that can selectively target specific receptors or specific pathways will serve as a solid foundation for advanced drug development. This article is a review of recent progress in novel treatment of RP focusing on preclinical stage fundamental research on molecular targets, which will serve as a starting point for advanced drug development. We will review the alterations in the molecular pathways involved in the development of RP, mainly those regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic pathways, maintenance of the redox balance, and genomic stability. We will then discuss the therapeutic approaches under development, such as gene and cell therapy, as well as the recent literature identifying novel potential drug targets for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Merve Kulbay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dana Toameh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - An Qi Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ananda Kalevar
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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21
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Obakan Yerlikaya P, Adacan K, Karatug Kacar A, Coker Gurkan A, Arisan ED. Epibrassinolide impaired colon tumor progression and induced autophagy in SCID mouse xenograft model via acting on cell cycle progression without affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 155:106360. [PMID: 36587800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epibrassinolide is a member of brassinosteroids with a polyhydroxysteroid structure similar to steroid hormones of vertebrates. It was shown that EBR decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in different colon cancer cell lines without exerting a cytotoxic effect in epithelial fetal human colon cells. This finding highlighted the potential of epibrassinolide in clinical therapeutic setup. In our previous studies, we showed that epibrassinolide was able to induce apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recently, we also showed that endoplasmic reticulum and apoptotic stresses can be prevented via autophagic induction in non-cancerous epithelial or aggressive forms of cancer cells. Therefore, here in this study, we evaluated the anti-tumoral effect of epibrassinolide as well as the autophagy involvement in the aggressive forms of colon cancer cell lines as well as in vivo SCID mouse xenograft colon cancer model for the first time. For this purpose, SCID mouse model was used for subcutaneous injection of colon cancer cells in matrigel formulation. We found that autophagy is induced in both in vitro and in vivo models. Following tumor formation, SCID mice were treated daily with increasing concentrations of epibrassinolide for two weeks. Our findings showed that EBR inhibited the volume and diameter of the tumor in a dose-dependent manner by causing cell cycle arrest. Therefore our data suggest that epibrassinolide exerts a cytostatic effect on the agrressive form of colon cancer model in vivo, without affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the induction of autophagy might have role in this effect of epibrassinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uskudar, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye; Istanbul Medeniyet University, Science and Advanced Technology Research Center (BILTAM), Uskudar, 34700 Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Kaan Adacan
- İstinye University, Molecular Cancer Research Center (ISUMKAM), Zeytinburnu, 34010 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Karatug Kacar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ajda Coker Gurkan
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Department Of Biology, Kadikoy, 34722, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Elif Damla Arisan
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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22
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Drake LY, Koloko Ngassie ML, Roos BB, Teske JJ, Prakash YS. Asthmatic lung fibroblasts promote type 2 immune responses via endoplasmic reticulum stress response dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1064822. [PMID: 36760534 PMCID: PMC9907026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1064822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts contribute to asthma pathology partly through modulation of the immune environment in the airway. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression is upregulated in asthmatic lungs. How asthmatic lung fibroblasts respond to TNFα stimulation and subsequently regulate immune responses is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses (UPR) play important roles in asthma, but their functional roles are still under investigation. In this study, we investigated TNFα-induced cytokine production in primary lung fibroblasts from asthmatic vs. non-asthmatic human subjects, and downstream effects on type 2 immune responses. TNFα significantly upregulated IL-6, IL-8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA expression and protein secretion by lung fibroblasts. Asthmatic lung fibroblasts secreted higher levels of TSLP which promoted IL-33-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TNFα exposure enhanced expression of ER stress/UPR pathways in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic lung fibroblasts, especially inositol-requiring protein 1α in asthmatics. ER stress/UPR inhibitors decreased IL-6, CCL5, and TSLP protein secretion by asthmatic lung fibroblasts. Our data suggest that TNFα and lung fibroblasts form an important axis in asthmatic lungs to promote asthmatic inflammation that can be attenuated by inhibiting ER stress/UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Y. Drake
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Li Y. Drake,
| | - Maunick Lefin Koloko Ngassie
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin B. Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jacob J. Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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23
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Soni KK, Hwang J, Ramalingam M, Kim C, Kim BC, Jeong HS, Jang S. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Causing Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of an Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021307. [PMID: 36674822 PMCID: PMC9862494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is the devastating trauma associated with functional deterioration due to apoptosis. Most laboratory SCI models are generated by a direct impact on an animal's spinal cord; however, our model does not involve the direct impact on the spinal cord. Instead, we use a clamp compression to create an ischemia in the descending aortas of mice. Following the success of inducing an ischemic SCI (ISCI), we hypothesized that this model may show apoptosis via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. This apoptosis by the ER stress pathway is enhanced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The ER is used for the protein folding in the cell. When the protein folding capacity is overloaded, the condition is termed the ER stress and is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins inside the ER lumen. The unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways that deal with the ER stress response then become activated. This UPR activates the three signal pathways that are regulated by the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK). IRE1α and PERK are associated with the expression of the apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis caused by an ISCI is assessed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test. An ISCI also reduces synaptophysin and the neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) in the spinal cord. In conclusion, an ISCI increases the ER stress proteins, resulting in apoptosis in neuronal cells in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Soni
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonghyo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.J.); (S.J.)
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24
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Yiang GT, Wu CC, Lu CL, Hu WC, Tsai YJ, Huang YM, Su WL, Lu KC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Elderly Patients with COVID-19: Potential of Melatonin Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 36680196 PMCID: PMC9863214 DOI: 10.3390/v15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging processes, including immunosenescence, inflammation, inflammasome formation, genomic instability, telomeric attrition, and altered autophagy, are involved in viral infections and they may contribute to increased pathophysiological responses to the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly; this poses additional risks of accelerated aging, which could be found even after recovery. Aging is associated with oxidative damage. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infections may increase the production of reactive oxygen species and such infections will disturb the Ca++ balance via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated unfolded protein response. Although vaccine development and anti-inflammation therapy lower the severity of COVID-19, the prevalence and mortality rates are still alarming in some countries worldwide. In this review, we describe the involvement of viral proteins in activating ER stress transducers and their downstream signals and in inducing inflammation and inflammasome formation. Furthermore, we propose the potential of melatonin as an ER stress modulator, owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects in viral infections. Considering its strong safety profile, we suggest that additive melatonin supplementation in the elderly could be beneficial in treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Yiao-Mien Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
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25
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Sajadimajd S, Deravi N, Forouhar K, Rahimi R, Kheirandish A, Bahramsoltani R. Endoplasmic reticulum as a therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes: Role of phytochemicals. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109508. [PMID: 36495694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorders characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction with an increasing worldwide incidence. Several studies have revealed that long-term glucotoxicity results in β-cell failure and death through induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Owing to the chronic progression of T2DM and the low effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in long-term use, medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites seem to be the promising alternatives. Here we have provided a comprehensive review regarding the role of phytochemicals to alleviate ER stress in T2DM. Ginsenoside compound K, baicalein, quercetin, isopulegol, kaempferol, liquiritigenin, aspalathin, and tyrosol have demonstrated remarkable improvement of T2DM via modulation of ER stress. Arctigenin and total glycosides of peony have been shown to be effective in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy through modulation of ER stress. The effectiveness of grape seed proanthocyanidins and wolfberry is also shown in the relief of diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy. Resveratrol is involved in the prevention of atherosclerosis via ER stress modulation. Taken together, the data described herein revealed the capability of herbal constituents to prevent different complications of T2DM via a decrease in ER stress which open new doors to the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Forouhar
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Derpartment of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Derpartment of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Jeon YM, Kwon Y, Lee S, Kim HJ. Potential roles of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1047897. [PMID: 36875699 PMCID: PMC9974850 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1047897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major organelle involved in protein quality control and cellular homeostasis. ER stress results from structural and functional dysfunction of the organelle, along with the accumulation of misfolded proteins and changes in calcium homeostasis, it leads to ER stress response pathway such as unfolded protein response (UPR). Neurons are particularly sensitive to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Thus, the ER stress is involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion disease and motor neuron disease (MND). Recently, the complex involvement of ER stress pathways has been demonstrated in experimental models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/MND using pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive response to ER stress. Here, we aim to provide recent evidence demonstrating that the ER stress pathway is an essential pathological mechanism of ALS. In addition, we also provide therapeutic strategies that can help treat diseases by targeting the ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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27
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Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 commits human mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes via endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279584. [PMID: 36548354 PMCID: PMC9778607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate into chondrocytes. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is differentially expressed during chondrogenic differentiation and can be produced by MSC. EBI3 is also a subunit of interleukin (IL)-27 and IL-35, and it accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when its partners, such as IL-27 p28 and IL-35 p35, are insufficient. ER stress induced by protein accumulation is responsible for chondrogenic differentiation. However, the role of EBI3 and its relevance to the ER stress in chondrogenic differentiation of MSC have never been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that EBI3 protein is expressed in the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. Additionally, knockdown, overexpression, or induction of EBI3 through IL-1β inhibits chondrogenesis. We show that EBI3 localizes and accumulates in the ER of MSC after overexpression or induction by IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid decreases its accumulation in MSC. Moreover, EBI3 modulates ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) after induced by IL-1β, and MSC-like cells coexpress EBI3 and IRE1α in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue. Altogether, these data demonstrate that intracellular EBI3 commits to chondrogenic differentiation by regulating ER stress sensor IRE1α.
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28
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Deka D, D'Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Das A, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Role of ER Stress Mediated Unfolded Protein Responses and ER Stress Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5392-5406. [PMID: 35318552 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have increased the knowledge about the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides the complex organization of immune reactions, the mucosal epithelial lining has been recognized as a crucial regulator in the commencement and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the intestinal epithelium is exposed to various environmental factors, the intestinal epithelial cells are confronted with diverse cellular stress conditions. In eukaryotic cells, an imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) might cause aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of ER, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress. This cellular mechanism stimulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which elevates the potential of the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding, improves protein production and its maturation, and also stimulates ER-associated protein degradation. Current analyses reported that in the epithelium, the ER stress might cause the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the synthesis of protein, inducing the apoptosis of the epithelial cell and stimulating the proinflammatory reactions in the gut. There have been significant efforts to develop small molecules or molecular chaperones that will be potent in ameliorating ER stress. The restoration of UPR balance in the endoplasmic reticulum via pharmacological intervention might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This review provides novel insights into the role of chemical chaperone UPR modulators to modify ER stress levels. We further discuss the future directions/challenges in the development of therapeutic strategies for IBDs by targeting the ER stress. Figure depicting the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory bowel disease and the therapeutic role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors in alleviating the diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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29
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Canonical and Noncanonical ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy Is a Bite the Bullet in View of Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233773. [PMID: 36497032 PMCID: PMC9738281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt multiple mechanisms to counter intense stress on their way to growth. Tumor microenvironment stress leads to canonical and noncanonical endoplasmic stress (ER) responses, which mediate autophagy and are engaged during proteotoxic challenges to clear unfolded or misfolded proteins and damaged organelles to mitigate stress. In these conditions, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism in which malignant tumor cells reuse degraded materials to generate energy under adverse growing conditions. However, cellular protection by autophagy is thought to be complicated, contentious, and context-dependent; the stress response to autophagy is suggested to support tumorigenesis and drug resistance, which must be adequately addressed. This review describes significant findings that suggest accelerated autophagy in cancer, a novel obstacle for anticancer therapy, and discusses the UPR components that have been suggested to be untreatable. Thus, addressing the UPR or noncanonical ER stress components is the most effective approach to suppressing cytoprotective autophagy for better and more effective cancer treatment.
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Colombini B, Dinu M, Murgo E, Lotti S, Tarquini R, Sofi F, Mazzoccoli G. Ageing and Low-Level Chronic Inflammation: The Role of the Biological Clock. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2228. [PMID: 36421414 PMCID: PMC9686908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a multifactorial physiological manifestation that occurs inexorably and gradually in all forms of life. This process is linked to the decay of homeostasis due to the progressive decrease in the reparative and regenerative capacity of tissues and organs, with reduced physiological reserve in response to stress. Ageing is closely related to oxidative damage and involves immunosenescence and tissue impairment or metabolic imbalances that trigger inflammation and inflammasome formation. One of the main ageing-related alterations is the dysregulation of the immune response, which results in chronic low-level, systemic inflammation, termed "inflammaging". Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as environmental factors, promote and/or modulate the mechanisms of ageing at the molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. Most of these mechanisms are characterized by time-dependent patterns of variation driven by the biological clock. In this review, we describe the involvement of ageing-related processes with inflammation in relation to the functioning of the biological clock and the mechanisms operating this intricate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Pandeya A, Khalko RK, Singh S, Kumar M, Gosipatala SB. Hcmv-miR-UL148D regulates the staurosporine-induced apoptosis by targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Nucleus signaling 1(ERN1). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275072. [PMID: 36156601 PMCID: PMC9512192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity of viruses to co-opt host cellular machinery by reprogramming the host’s RNA-interference machinery has been a major focus of research, however, regulation of host defense mechanisms by virus-encoded miRNA, is an additional regulatory realm gaining momentum in the arena of host-viral interactions. The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) miRNAs, regulate many cellular pathways alone or in concordance with HCMV proteins, thereby paving a conducive environment for successful infection in the human host. We show that HCMV miRNA, hcmv-miR-UL148D inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells. We establish that ERN1 mRNA is a bonafide target of hcmv-miR-UL148D and its encoded protein IRE1α is translationally repressed by the overexpression of hcmv-miR-UL148D resulting in the attenuation of apoptosis. Unlike the host microRNA seed sequence (6–8 nucleotides), hcmv-miR-UL148D has long complementarity to 3’ UTR of ERN1 mRNA resulting in mRNA degradation. The repression of IRE1α by the hcmv-miR-UL148D further downregulates Xbp1 splicing and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation thus regulating ER-stress and ER-stress induced apoptotic pathways. Strikingly, depletion of ERN1 attenuates staurosporine-induced apoptosis which further suggests that hcmv-miR-UL148D functions through regulation of its target ERN1. These results uncover a role for hcmv-miR-UL148D and its target ERN1 in regulating ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pandeya
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Khalko
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhveer Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sunil Babu Gosipatala
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Zhou L, Shen H, Li X, Wang H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in innate immune cells - a significant contribution to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951406. [PMID: 35958574 PMCID: PMC9361020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease and its complications affect millions of people worldwide. NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is the liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and consists of four stages: steatosis with or without mild inflammation (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. With increased necroinflammation and progression of liver fibrosis, NAFLD may progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated in detail, what is clear is that complex immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of NASH, activation of the innate immune system is critically involved in triggering and amplifying hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH. Additionally, disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in cells, also known as ER stress, triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) which has been shown to be involved to inflammation and apoptosis. To further develop the prevention and treatment of NAFLD/NASH, it is imperative to clarify the relationship between NAFLD/NASH and innate immune cells and ER stress. As such, this review focuses on innate immune cells and their ER stress in the occurrence of NAFLD and the progression of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang,
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Yasmeen N, Datta M, Kumar V, Alshehri FS, Almalki AH, Haque S. Deciphering the Link Between ERUPR Signaling and MicroRNA in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:880167. [PMID: 35615589 PMCID: PMC9126300 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.880167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative proteinopathic disease. The deposits of misfolded Amyloid β and Tau proteins in the brain of patients with AD suggest an imbalance in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. ER stress is due to accumulation of aberrant proteins in the ER lumen, which then leads to activation of three sensor protein pathways that ultimately evokes the adaptive mechanism of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR mechanism operates via adaptive UPR and the apoptotic UPR. Adaptive UPR tries to restore imbalance in ER hemostasis by decreasing protein production, enhanced chaperone involvement to restore protein folding, misfolded protein decay by proteasome, and suppression of ribosomal translation ultimately relieving the excessive protein load in the ER. Subsequently, apoptotic UPR activated under severe ER stress conditions triggers cell death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding protein causing dysregulated translational of mRNAs in a sequential manner. They are considered to be critical elements in the maintenance of numerous cellular activities, hemostasis, and developmental processes. Therefore, upregulation or downregulation of miRNA expression is implicated in several pathogenic processes. Evidence from scientific studies suggest a strong correlation between ERUPR signaling and miRNA dysregulation but the research done is still dormant. In this review, we summarized the cross-talk between ER stress, and the UPR signaling processes and their role in AD pathology by scrutinizing and collecting information from original research and review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Manali Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- *Correspondence: Vikram Kumar, ;
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Tetralol derivative NNC-55-0396 induces glioblastoma cell death by activating IRE1α, JNK1 and calcium signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112881. [PMID: 35367758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mibefradil and NNC-55-0396, tetralol derivatives with a proven -ability to block T-type calcium channels in excitable cells, reduce cancer cell viability in vitro, causing cell death. Furthermore, they reduce tumor growth in preclinical models of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a brain tumor of poor prognosis. Here we found that GBM cells treated with cytotoxic concentrations of NNC-55-0396 paradoxically increased cytosolic calcium levels through the activation of inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ER stress. We used pharmacological inhibitors and gene silencing to dissect the cell death pathway stimulated by NNC-55-0396 in GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived cultures. Calcium chelation or IP3R inhibition prevented NNC-55-0396-mediated cytotoxicity, indicating that ER calcium efflux is the cause of cell death. Upstream of calcium mobilization, NNC-55-0396 activated the IRE1α arm of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) resulting in the nuclear translocation of pro-apoptotic CHOP. Consistent with these findings, silencing IRE1α or JNK1 rescued the cell death elicited by NNC-55-0396. Therefore, we demonstrate that activation of IRE1α and calcium signaling accounts for the cytotoxicity of NNC-55-0396 in GBM cells. The delineation of the signaling pathway that mediates the abrupt cell death triggered by this compound can help the development of new therapies for GBM.
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Chlamydia psittaci Induces Autophagy in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells via PERK and IRE1α, but Not ATF6 Pathway. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0007922. [PMID: 35435728 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00079-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is an important pathogen that causes chronic and atypical pneumonia in humans. Autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are important mechanisms for regulating the growth of infectious parasitic pathogens in living cells. Here, we explored whether C. psittaci infection induced autophagy via the UPR and the effect of these cellular responses on the survival and replication of C. psittaci in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs). Not only were the numbers of autophagosomes and the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1 increased following C. psittaci infection of HBEs, but also the expression of p62 (also called sequestosome-1) was downregulated. Moreover, after C. psittaci infection, the UPR and UPR sensors PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α/XBP1 were activated, but not the ATF6 pathway. When either Bip siRNA was used to block normal initiation of the UPR, or activation of the PERK and IER1α pathways was blocked with specific inhibitors GSK2606414 and 4μ8C, the level of autophagy caused by C. psittaci infection was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, blocking activation of the UPR and associated pathways significantly reduced the number of C. psittaci inclusions. Our research suggests that the UPR, via the PERK and IRE1α, but not ATF6 signaling pathways, regulates HBE-cell autophagy induced by C. psittaci infection and the replication of C. psittaci.
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Rai D, Iwanami M, Takahashi Y, Komuta Y, Aoi N, Umezawa A, Seko Y. Evaluation of photoreceptor-directed fibroblasts derived from retinitis pigmentosa patients with defects in the EYS gene: a possible cost-effective cellular model for mechanism-oriented drug. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:157. [PMID: 35410372 PMCID: PMC8996485 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common gene responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is EYS. The manner of decay of genetically defective EYS gene transcripts varies depending on the type of mutation using our cellular model, which consists of induced photoreceptor-directed fibroblasts from EYS-RP patients (EYS-RP cells). However, disease-specific profiles have not been clarified in EYS-RP cells. Herein we investigated comprehensive gene expression patterns and restoration of altered expression by low molecular weight molecules in EYS-RP cells.
Methods Using induced photoreceptor-like cells by CRX, RAX, NeuroD, and OTX2, we employed qRT-PCR and DNA microarray analysis to compare expression levels of disease-related genes in EYS-RP cells. We investigated the effect of antiapoptotic or anti-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/antioxidant reagents on the restoration of altered gene expression. Results Expression levels of phototransduction-related genes (blue opsin, rhodopsin, S-antigen, GNAT1, GNAT2) were lower in EYS-RP cells. CRYGD was extracted by global gene expression analysis, as a downregulated, retina-related and apoptosis-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- or aging-related gene. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that “complement and coagulation cascades,” “ECM-receptor interaction” and “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” could be involved in EYS-RP-associated pathogenesis. Among the matching/overlapping genes involved in those pathways, F2R was suggested as an EYS-RP-associated gene. The downregulation of CRYGD and F2R was completely restored by additional 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress, and partially restored by metformin or NAC. In addition, 4-PBA normalized the expression level of cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions Our cellular model may reflect the ER stress-mediated degenerative retina and serve as a pathogenesis-oriented cost-effective rescue strategy for RP patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02827-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Rai
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwanami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.,Iwanami Eye Clinic, 7-1-3, Tsuchihashi, Miyamae-ku Kawasaki, Tokyo, 216-0005, Japan
| | - Yoriko Takahashi
- Bioscience and Healthcare Engineering Division, Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd., 2-7-14 Higashi-Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8555, Japan
| | - Yukari Komuta
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College, 3 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Aoi
- Department of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Miyamasuzaka Clinic, SK Aoyama Bldg. 5F, 1-6-5 Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-0002, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuko Seko
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.
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White A, Parekh RU, Theobald D, Pakala P, Myers AL, Van Dross R, Sriramula S. Kinin B1R Activation Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Primary Hypothalamic Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841068. [PMID: 35350763 PMCID: PMC8957924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle involved in homeostatic functions including protein synthesis and transport, and the storage of free calcium. ER stress potentiates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension. Recently, we showed that kinin B1 receptor (B1R) activation plays a vital role in modulating neuroinflammation and hypertension. However, whether B1R activation results in the progression and enhancement of ER stress has not yet been studied. In this brief research report, we tested the hypothesis that B1R activation in neurons contributes to unfolded protein response (UPR) and the development of ER stress. To test this hypothesis, we treated primary hypothalamic neuronal cultures with B1R specific agonist Lys-Des-Arg9-Bradykinin (LDABK) and measured the components of UPR and ER stress. Our data show that B1R stimulation via LDABK, induced the upregulation of GRP78, a molecular chaperone of ER stress. B1R stimulation was associated with an increased expression and activation of transmembrane ER stress sensors, ATF6, IRE1α, and PERK, the critical components of UPR. In the presence of overwhelming ER stress, activated ER stress sensors can lead to oxidative stress, autophagy, or apoptosis. To determine whether B1R activation induces apoptosis we measured intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular ATP levels, caspases 3/7 activity, and cell viability. Our data show that LDABK treatment does increase Ca2+ and ATP levels but does not alter caspase activity or cell viability. These findings suggest that B1R activation initiates the UPR and is a key factor in the ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Rohan Umesh Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Drew Theobald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Pranaya Pakala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ariel Lynn Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Rukiyah Van Dross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Srinivas Sriramula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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Fei Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Jiang H, Peng A. Montelukast ameliorated pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7894-7903. [PMID: 35291928 PMCID: PMC9208499 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed (PEM) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of clinical non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is reported to induce severe hepatotoxicity. Exploring potential drugs which could counteract the side effects of PEM is of great clinical interest. Here, we aim to examine the beneficial effects of Montelukast, a novel anti-asthma drug, against PEM-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes, and to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that Montelukast reduces cytotoxicity of PEM in hepatocytes, confirmed by its increasing cell viability and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In addition, Montelukast attenuated PEM-induced oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing reduced glutathione (GSH), and downregulating NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) expression. Importantly, Montelukast suppressed PEM-induced activation of the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and mitigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reducing NLRP3, growth arrest, and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), CEBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and also blocking the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) signaling pathway. Lastly, we found that Montelukast inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Montelukast exerted a protective action against PEM-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by mitigating ER stress and NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Fei
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Shuyang Hospital, the Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
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Prasad M K, Mohandas S, Ramkumar KM. Role of ER stress inhibitors in the management of diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Downregulation of RIP3 Improves the Protective Effect of ATF6 in an Acute Liver Injury Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8717565. [PMID: 34778458 PMCID: PMC8589516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8717565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) are important signaling proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and necroptosis, respectively. However, their regulatory relationship and clinical significance are unknown. We investigate the impact of ATF6 on RIP3 expression, and its role in hepatocyte necroptosis in an acute liver injury model. Methods In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out. LO2 cells were treated with thapsigargin (TG). In vivo, male BALB/c mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 1 mL/kg) or tunicamycin (TM, 2 mg/kg). Then, the impact of ATF6 or RIP3 silencing on liver injury, hepatocyte necroptosis, and ER stress-related protein expression was examined. Results TG induced ER stress and necroptosis and ATF6 and RIP3 expression in LO2 cells. The knockdown of ATF6 significantly decreased RIP3 expression (p < 0.05) and increased ER stress and necroptosis. The downregulation of RIP3 significantly reduced necroptosis and ER stress (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in CCl4 or the TM-induced mouse model. The knockdown of ATF6 significantly decreased CCl4-induced RIP3 expression and increased liver injury, necroptosis, and ER stress in mice livers (p < 0.05). In contrast, the downregulation of RIP3 significantly reduced liver injury, hepatocyte necroptosis, and ER stress. Conclusions Hepatocyte ATF6 has multiple roles in acute liver injury. It reduces hepatocyte necroptosis via negative feedback regulation of ER stress. In addition, ATF6 can upregulate the expression of RIP3, which is not helpful to the recovery process. However, downregulating RIP3 reduces hepatocyte necroptosis by promoting the alleviation of ER stress. The findings suggest that RIP3 could be a plausible target for the treatment of liver injury.
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Ahn Y, Lee EJ, Luo E, Choi J, Kim JY, Kim S, Kim SH, Bae YJ, Park S, Lee J, Oh SH. Particulate Matter Promotes Melanin Production through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‒Mediated IRE1α Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1425-1434.e6. [PMID: 34678155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is believed to be related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The skin is also known to be affected by PM exposure as a result of skin barrier dysfunction, cutaneous inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. Epidemiological studies have suggested that PM is related to pigment spots. Recently, diesel exhaust particles are reported to cause a tanning response mediated by oxidative stress. However, the direct effects of PM on melanogenesis and the related mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Our study showed that PM can increase melanin production in melanocyte, mouse skin, and human skin models. RNA-sequencing analyses of melanocytes revealed that the expressions of unfolded protein response molecules were increased after PM exposure. In particular, IRE1α signaling pathway, which was consistently upregulated, was related to PM-triggered melanogenesis. In addition, PM-induced melanogenesis was abrogated by an IRE1α inhibitor. Therefore, our findings corroborate previous findings in melanocytes and in mouse and human models and also illuminate the involvement of the IRE1α pathway as a mechanism of PM-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ahn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Enzhi Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suho Kim
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Kim
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Bae
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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OSMI-1 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through ER Stress and NF-κB Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011073. [PMID: 34681736 PMCID: PMC8539180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation expression levels are associated with cancer pathogenesis. This study aimed to find conditions that maximize the therapeutic effect of cancer and minimize tissue damage by combining an OGT inhibitor (OSMI-1) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). We found that OSMI-1 treatment in HCT116 human colon cancer cells has a potent synergistic effect on TRAIL-induced apoptosis signaling. Interestingly, OSMI-1 significantly increased TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by increasing the expression of the cell surface receptor DR5. ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by OSMI-1 not only upregulated CHOP-DR5 signaling but also activated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in a decrease in Bcl2 and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. TRAIL induced the activation of NF-κB and played a role in resistance as an antiapoptotic factor. During this process, O-GlcNAcylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκBα degradation occurred, followed by translocation of p65 into the nucleus. However, combination treatment with OSMI-1 counteracted the effect of TRAIL-mediated NF-κB signaling, resulting in a more synergistic effect on apoptosis. Therefore, the combined treatment of OSMI-1 and TRAIL synergistically increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis through caspase-8 activation. Conclusively, OSMI-1 potentially sensitizes TRAIL-induced cell death in HCT116 cells through the blockade of NF-κB signaling and activation of apoptosis through ER stress response.
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Chaudhary P, Sharma S, Singh R, Arya R. Elucidation of ER stress and UPR pathway in sialic acid-deficient cells: Pathological relevance to GNEM. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1886-1902. [PMID: 34555215 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) generates a stress condition in the cell. The cell combats ER stress by activating unfolded protein response (UPR) and ERAD (ER stress-associated degradation) pathway. Failure to restore favorable folding environment results in cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Various neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein, protein aggregates, and ER stress. GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a neuromuscular disorder pathologically characterized by rimmed vacuole formation due to the accumulation of protein aggregates. More than 200 mutations in key sialic acid biosynthetic enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) have been identified worldwide in the muscle biopsies of GNE myopathy patients. However, the cellular and molecular pathomechanism leading to the disease ar poorly understood. In the present study, the phenomenon of ER stress has been elucidated in GNE mutant cells overexpressing GNE mutations of Indian origin. The effect of GNE mutations on activation of UPR signaling via inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1 (IRE-1), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) were deciphered to understand the effect of GNE mutations on these proteins. GRP78 was upregulated with increased X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1) splicing and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) upregulation leading to increased apoptosis of GNE mutant cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) ligand rescued the cells from apoptotic phenotype by supporting cell survival mechanism. Our study indicates a balance of cell death and survival that decides cell fate and offers potential therapeutic targets to combat ER stress in diseases associated with dysfunctional UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Reema Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Methotrexate and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate synergistically restore the balance between apoptosis and autophagy in synovial fibroblast of RA: an ex vivo approach with cultured human RA FLS. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1427-1442. [PMID: 34350509 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is one of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for their abnormal proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) demonstrated limited efficacy in amending this imbalance in fluid-derived (fd)-FLS. The active compound of black tea Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3) may be effective in restoring apoptosis-autophagy imbalance in (fd)-FLS. The combined effect of MTX + TF3 upon the same is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of MTX + TF3 on fd-FLS to induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy through Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pathways. METHODS FLS from synovial fluid of 11 RA and 10 osteoarthritis patients were cultured after treatment with MTX/TF3 or a combination of MTX (125 nM) and TF3(10 µM) and the following parameters were evaluated. C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), angiogenic markers were quantified by ELISA. fd-FLS viability was determined by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. ER stress markers were estimated by RT-PCR (IRE1A, spliced-XBP-1) and immunoblotting (Grp78, Hsp70, CHOP, HIF-1α). Immunoblot studies were done to evaluate apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspases) and autophagic (Beclin1, LC3b, p62) proteins. RESULTS MTX (IC25) and TF3 (IC50) both in single doses could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Combinatorial treatment modulated autophagosomal proteins in fd-FLS and induced apoptosis by regulating ER stress response. CONCLUSION Disruption in homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy in fd-FLS might be an underlying phenomenon in the progression of pathophysiology in RA. Co-administration of MTX + TF3 successfully restored the homeostasis by inducing apoptosis.
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Mutation in FBXO32 causes dilated cardiomyopathy through up-regulation of ER-stress mediated apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:884. [PMID: 34272480 PMCID: PMC8285540 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction of cell death is implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Sustained activation of ER-stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, which in turn activate three major effector proteins. We previously reported a missense homozygous mutation in FBXO32 (MAFbx, Atrogin-1) causing advanced heart failure by impairing autophagy. In the present study, we performed transcriptional profiling and biochemical assays, which unexpectedly revealed a reduced activation of UPR effectors in patient mutant hearts, while a strong up-regulation of the CHOP transcription factor and of its target genes are observed. Expression of mutant FBXO32 in cells is sufficient to induce CHOP-associated apoptosis, to increase the ATF2 transcription factor and to impair ATF2 ubiquitination. ATF2 protein interacts with FBXO32 in the human heart and its expression is especially high in FBXO32 mutant hearts. These findings provide a new underlying mechanism for FBXO32-mediated cardiomyopathy, implicating abnormal activation of CHOP. These results suggest alternative non-canonical pathways of CHOP activation that could be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of FBXO32-associated DCM. Al-Yacoub et al. investigate the consequences of FBXO32 mutation on dilated cardiomyopathy. ER stress, abnormal CHOP activation and CHOP-induced apoptosis with no UPR effector activation are found to underlie the FBXO32 mutation induced cardiomyopathy, suggesting an alternative pathway that can be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Moustardas P, Yamada-Fowler N, Apostolou E, Tzioufas AG, Turkina MV, Spyrou G. Deregulation of the Kallikrein Protease Family in the Salivary Glands of the Sjögren's Syndrome ERdj5 Knockout Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693911. [PMID: 34305928 PMCID: PMC8292930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in salivary glands of the ERdj5 knockout mouse model for Sjögren's syndrome and to elucidate possible mechanisms for the morbid phenotype development. At the same time, we describe for the first time the sexual dimorphism of the murine submandibular salivary gland at the proteome level. Methods We performed Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in salivary gland tissues from both sexes of ERdj5 knockout and 129SV wildtype mice. The resulting list of proteins was evaluated with bioinformatic analysis and selected proteins were validated by western blot and immunohistochemistry and further analyzed at the transcription level by qRT-PCR. Results We identified 88 deregulated proteins in females, and 55 in males in wildtype vs knockout comparisons. In both sexes, Kallikrein 1b22 was highly upregulated (fold change>25, ANOVA p<0.0001), while all other proteases of this family were either downregulated or not significantly affected by the genotype. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a possible connection with the downregulated NGF that was further validated by independent methods. Concurrently, we identified 416 proteins that were significantly different in the salivary gland proteome of wildtype female vs male mice and highlighted pathways that could be driving the strong female bias of the pathology. Conclusion Our research provides a list of novel targets and supports the involvement of an NGF-mediating proteolytic deregulation pathway as a focus point towards the better understanding of the underlying mechanism of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Moustardas
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Naomi Yamada-Fowler
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eirini Apostolou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria V. Turkina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giannis Spyrou
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abuaita BH, Sule GJ, Schultz TL, Gao F, Knight JS, O'Riordan MX. The IRE1α Stress Signaling Axis Is a Key Regulator of Neutrophil Antimicrobial Effector Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:210-220. [PMID: 34145058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, IRE1α, is required for effective immune responses against bacterial infection and is associated with human inflammatory diseases in which neutrophils are a key immune component. However, the specific role of IRE1α in regulating neutrophil effector function has not been studied. In this study, we show that infection-induced IRE1α activation licenses neutrophil antimicrobial capacity, including IL-1β production, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) killing. Inhibition of IRE1α diminished production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased CASPASE-2 activation, which both contributed to neutrophil antimicrobial activity. Mice deficient in CASPASE-2 or neutrophil IRE1α were highly susceptible to MRSA infection and failed to effectively form NETs in the s.c. abscess. IRE1α activation enhanced calcium influx and citrullination of histone H3 independently of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, suggesting that IRE1α coordinates multiple pathways required for NET formation. Our data demonstrate that the IRE1α-CASPASE-2 axis is a major driver of neutrophil activity against MRSA infection and highlight the importance of IRE1α in neutrophil antibacterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel H Abuaita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Gautam J Sule
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tracey L Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Fushan Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mary X O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
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Rahman S, Kumar V, Kumar A, Abdullah TS, Rather IA, Jan AT. Molecular Perspective of Nanoparticle Mediated Therapeutic Targeting in Breast Cancer: An Odyssey of Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response (UPR ER) and Beyond. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060635. [PMID: 34199484 PMCID: PMC8229605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of death among women. Representing a complex and heterogeneous type of cancer, its occurrence is attributed by both genetic (gene mutations, e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2) and non-genetic (race, ethnicity, etc.) risk factors. The effectiveness of available treatment regimens (small molecules, cytotoxic agents, and inhibitors) decreased due to their poor penetration across biological barriers, limited targeting, and rapid body clearance along with their effect on normal resident cells of bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and hair follicles. This significantly reduced their clinical outcomes, which led to an unprecedented increase in the number of cases worldwide. Nanomedicine, a nano-formulation of therapeutics, emerged as a versatile delivering module for employment in achieving the effective and target specific delivery of pharmaceutical payloads. Adoption of nanotechnological approaches in delivering therapeutic molecules to target cells ensures not only reduced immune response and toxicity, but increases the stability of therapeutic entities in the systemic circulation that averts their degradation and as such increased extravasations and accumulation via enhanced permeation and the retention (EPR) effect in target tissues. Additionally, nanoparticle (NP)-induced ER stress, which enhances apoptosis and autophagy, has been utilized as a combative strategy in the treatment of cancerous cells. As nanoparticles-based avenues have been capitalized to achieve better efficacy of the new genera of therapeutics with enhanced specificity and safety, the present study is aimed at providing the fundamentals of BC, nanotechnological modules (organic, inorganic, and hybrid) employed in delivering different therapeutic molecules, and mechanistic insights of nano-ER stress induced apoptosis and autophagy with a perspective of exploring this avenue for use in the nano-toxicological studies. Furthermore, the current scenario of USA FDA approved nano-formulations and the future perspective of nanotechnological based interventions to overcome the existing challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Tasduq S. Abdullah
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR–IIIM), Jammu 180001, India;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (A.T.J.)
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (A.T.J.)
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Effects of Long-Term DHA Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Development in Obese Aged Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020501. [PMID: 33546405 PMCID: PMC7913512 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Here, we investigate whether long-term feeding with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched diet and aerobic exercise, alone or in combination, are effective in ameliorating NAFLD in aged obese mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received control or high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA (15% dietary lipids replaced by a DHA-rich concentrate), DIO + EX (treadmill running), and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. The DHA-rich diet reduced liver steatosis in DIO mice, decreasing lipogenic genes (Dgat2, Scd1, Srebp1c), and upregulated lipid catabolism genes (Hsl/Acox) expression. A similar pattern was observed in the DIO + EX group. The combination of DHA + exercise potentiated an increase in Cpt1a and Ppara genes, and AMPK activation, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Exercise, alone or in combination with DHA, significantly reversed the induction of proinflammatory genes (Mcp1, Il6, Tnfα, Tlr4) in DIO mice. DHA supplementation was effective in preventing the alterations induced by the HFD in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Ern1/Xbp1) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio, p62, Atg7). In summary, long-term DHA supplementation and/or exercise could be helpful to delay NAFLD progression during aging in obesity.
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Kumar V, Maity S. ER Stress-Sensor Proteins and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk-Signaling Beyond (ER) Stress Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33525374 PMCID: PMC7911976 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies undoubtedly show the importance of inter organellar connections to maintain cellular homeostasis. In normal physiological conditions or in the presence of cellular and environmental stress, each organelle responds alone or in coordination to maintain cellular function. The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles with very specialized structural and functional properties. These two organelles are physically connected through very specialized proteins in the region called the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). The molecular foundation of this relationship is complex and involves not only ion homeostasis through the shuttling of calcium but also many structural and apoptotic proteins. IRE1alpha and PERK are known for their canonical function as an ER stress sensor controlling unfolded protein response during ER stress. The presence of these transmembrane proteins at the MAM indicates its potential involvement in other biological functions beyond ER stress signaling. Many recent studies have now focused on the non-canonical function of these sensors. In this review, we will focus on ER mitochondrial interdependence with special emphasis on the non-canonical role of ER stress sensors beyond ER stress.
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