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Zhuang Z, Zhuo J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu A, Zhao J, Zhao J. Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:478. [PMID: 38793729 PMCID: PMC11125924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Khalid K, Lim HX, Anwar A, Tan SH, Hwang JS, Ong SK, Poh CL. Preclinical Development of a Novel Epitope-based DNA Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 and Evaluation of Immunogenicity in BALB/c Mice. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:60. [PMID: 38472523 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The protective efficacies of current licensed vaccines against COVID-19 have significantly reduced as a result of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) which carried multiple mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Considering that these vaccines were developed based on the S protein of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, we designed a recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine based on highly conserved and immunogenic B and T cell epitopes against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron VOC. Literature mining and bioinformatics were used to identify 6 immunogenic peptides from conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 S and membrane (M) proteins. Nucleotide sequences encoding these peptides representing highly conserved B and T cell epitopes were cloned into a pVAX1 vector to form the pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP recombinant DNA plasmid vaccine. The DNA vaccine was intranasally or intramuscularly administered to BALB/c mice and evaluations of humoral and cellular immune responses were performed. The intramuscular administration of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP was associated with a significantly higher percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ when compared with the empty vector and PBS controls. Intramuscular or intranasal administrations of pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP resulted in robust IgG antibody responses. Sera from mice intramuscularly immunized with pVAX1/S2-6EHGFP were found to elicit neutralizing antibodies capable of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with the ACE2 cell surface receptor. This study demonstrated that the DNA vaccine construct encoding highly conserved immunogenic B and T cell epitopes was capable of eliciting potent humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Valentin J, Ingrao F, Rauw F, Lambrecht B. Protection conferred by an H5 DNA vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens: The effect of vaccination schedules. Vaccine 2024; 42:1487-1497. [PMID: 38350766 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the Asian lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/96) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 have spread worldwide through wild bird migration in two major waves: in 2014/2015 (clade 2.3.4.4c), and since 2016 up to now (clade 2.3.4.4b). Due to the increasing risk of these H5 HPAI viruses to establish and persist in the wild bird population, implementing vaccination in certain sensitive areas could be a complementary measure to the disease control strategies already applied. In this study, the efficacy of a novel DNA vaccine, encoding a H5 gene (A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014 strain) of clade 2.3.4.4c was evaluated in specific pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens against a homologous and heterologous H5 HPAI viruses. A single vaccination at 2 weeks of age (1 dose), and a vaccination at 2 weeks of age, boosted at 4 weeks (2 doses), with or without adjuvant were characterized. The groups that received 1 dose with or without adjuvant as well as 2 doses with adjuvant demonstrated full clinical protection and a significant or complete reduction of viral shedding against homologous challenge at 6 and 25 weeks of age. The heterologous clade 2.3.4.4b challenge of 6-week-old chickens vaccinated with 2 doses with or without adjuvant showed similar results, indicating good cross-protection induced by the DNA vaccine. Long lasting humoral immunity was observed in vaccinated chickens up to 18 or 25 weeks of age, depending on the vaccination schedule. The analysis of viral transmission after homologous challenge showed that sentinels vaccinated with 2 doses with adjuvant were fully protected against mortality with no excretion detected. This study of H5 DNA vaccine efficacy confirmed the important role that this type of so-called third-generation vaccine could play in the fight against H5 HPAI viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Valentin
- Sciensano, Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fiona Ingrao
- Sciensano, Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Rauw
- Sciensano, Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- Sciensano, Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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Malik S, Asghar M, Waheed Y. Outlining recent updates on influenza therapeutics and vaccines: A comprehensive review. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100452. [PMID: 38328274 PMCID: PMC10848012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has presented a considerable healthcare challenge during the past years, particularly in vulnerable groups with compromised immune systems. Therapeutics and vaccination have always been in research annals since the spread of influenza. Efforts have been going on to develop an antiviral therapeutic approach that could assist in better disease management and reduce the overall disease complexity, resistance development, and fatality rates. On the other hand, vaccination presents a chance for effective, long-term, cost-benefit, and preventive response against the morbidity and mortality associated with the influenza. However, the issues of resistance development, strain mutation, antigenic variability, and inability to cure wide-spectrum and large-scale strains of the virus by available vaccines remain there. The article gathers the updated data for the therapeutics and available influenza vaccines, their mechanism of action, shortcomings, and trials under clinical experimentation. A methodological approach has been adopted to identify the prospective therapeutics and available vaccines approved and within the clinical trials against the influenza virus. Review contains influenza therapeutics, including traditional and novel antiviral drugs and inhibitor therapies against influenza virus as well as research trials based on newer drug combinations and latest technologies such as nanotechnology and organic and plant-based natural products. Most recent development of influenza vaccine has been discussed including some updates on traditional vaccination protocols and discussion on next-generation and upgraded novel technologies. This review will help the readers to understand the righteous approach for dealing with influenza virus infection and for deducing futuristic approaches for novel therapeutic and vaccine trials against Influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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Song L, Wang Q, Wen Y, Tan R, Cui Y, Xiong D, Jiao X, Pan Z. Enhanced immunogenicity elicited by a novel DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein fused to the optimized flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0254923. [PMID: 37909745 PMCID: PMC10714832 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The development of safe and effective vaccines is needed to control the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Synthetic DNA vaccines represent a promising platform in response to such outbreaks. Here, DNA vaccine candidates were developed using an optimized antibiotic-resistance gene-free asd-pVAX1 vector. An optimized flagellin (FliC) adjuvant was designed by fusion expression to increase the immunogenicity of the S1 antigen. S1 and S1-FliCΔD2D3 proteins were strongly expressed in mammalian cells. The FliCΔD2D3-adjuvanted DNA vaccine induced Th1/Th2-mixed immune responses and high titers of neutralizing antibodies. This study provides crucial information regarding the selection of a safer DNA vector and adjuvant for vaccine development. Our FliCΔD2D3-adjuvanted S1 DNA vaccine is more potent at inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses than S1 alone. This finding provides a new idea for the development of novel DNA vaccines against COVID-19 and could be further applied for the development of other vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoju Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaya Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruimeng Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaodan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liang H, Xu Y, Zhou C, Yao Y, Wang H, Yang X. Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China. Front Med 2023; 17:1096-1116. [PMID: 38102402 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Confronted with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, China has become an asset in tackling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and mutation, with several innovative platforms, which provides various technical means in this persisting combat. Derived from collaborated researches, vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or inactivated whole virus are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. Herein, we outline representative vaccines in multiple routes, while the merits and plights of the existing vaccine strategies are also summarized. Likewise, new technologies may provide more potent or broader immunity and will contribute to fight against hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 variants. All in all, with the ultimate aim of delivering robust and durable protection that is resilient to emerging infectious disease, alongside the traditional routes, the discovery of innovative approach to developing effective vaccines based on virus properties remains our top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhao
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyang Liang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Xu
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chuge Zhou
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuzhu Yao
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hui Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China.
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China.
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Zhu J, Liu J, Yan C, Wang D, Pan W. Trained immunity: a cutting edge approach for designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1252554. [PMID: 37868995 PMCID: PMC10587610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1252554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The preventive situation of parasitosis, a global public health burden especially for developing countries, is not looking that good. Similar to other infections, vaccines would be the best choice for preventing and controlling parasitic infection. However, ideal antigenic molecules for vaccine development have not been identified so far, resulting from the complicated life history and enormous genomes of the parasites. Furthermore, the suppression or down-regulation of anti-infectious immunity mediated by the parasites or their derived molecules can compromise the effect of parasitic vaccines. Comparing the early immune profiles of several parasites in the permissive and non-permissive hosts, a robust innate immune response is proposed to be a critical event to eliminate the parasites. Therefore, enhancing innate immunity may be essential for designing novel and effective parasitic vaccines. The newly emerging trained immunity (also termed innate immune memory) has been increasingly recognized to provide a novel perspective for vaccine development targeting innate immunity. This article reviews the current status of parasitic vaccines and anti-infectious immunity, as well as the conception, characteristics, and mechanisms of trained immunity and its research progress in Parasitology, highlighting the possible consideration of trained immunity in designing novel vaccines against parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- Liangshan College (Li Shui) China, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Khalid K, Poh CL. The development of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:213-226. [PMID: 37364379 PMCID: PMC10290423 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic exerted significant impacts on public health and global economy. Research efforts to develop vaccines at warp speed against SARS-CoV-2 led to novel mRNA, viral vectored, and inactivated vaccines being administered. The current COVID-19 vaccines incorporate the full S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain but rapidly emerging variants of concern (VOCs) have led to significant reductions in protective efficacies. There is an urgent need to develop next-generation vaccines which could effectively prevent COVID-19. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for peer-reviewed papers up to January 2023. RESULTS A promising solution to the problem of emerging variants is a DNA vaccine platform since it can be easily modified. Besides expressing whole protein antigens, DNA vaccines can also be constructed to include specific nucleotide genes encoding highly conserved and immunogenic epitopes from the S protein as well as from other structural/non-structural proteins to develop effective vaccines against VOCs. DNA vaccines are associated with low transfection efficiencies which could be enhanced by chemical, genetic, and molecular adjuvants as well as delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS The DNA vaccine platform offers a promising solution to the design of effective vaccines. The challenge of limited immunogenicity in humans might be solved through the use of genetic modifications such as the addition of nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide gene, strong promoters, MARs, introns, TLR agonists, CD40L, and the development of appropriate delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles to increase uptake by APCs in enhancing the induction of potent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Colombani T, Haudebourg T, Pitard B. 704/DNA vaccines leverage cytoplasmic DNA stimulation to promote anti-HIV neutralizing antibody production in mice and strong immune response against alpha-fetoprotein in non-human primates. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:743-757. [PMID: 37251693 PMCID: PMC10213191 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic immunization is an attractive approach for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination using synthetic vectors to deliver antigen-encoding nucleic acids. Recently, DNA delivered by a physical means or RNA by liposomes consisting of four different lipids demonstrated good protection in human phase III clinical trials and received Drugs Controller General of India and US FDA approval to protect against COVID-19, respectively. However, the development of a system allowing for efficient and simple delivery of nucleic acids while improving immune response priming has the potential to unleash the full therapeutic potential of genetic immunization. DNA-based gene therapies and vaccines have the potential for rapid development, as exemplified by the recent approval of Collategene, a gene therapy to treat human critical limb ischemia, and ZyCoV, a DNA vaccine delivered by spring-powered jet injector to protect against SARS-CoV2 infection. Recently, we reported amphiphilic block copolymer 704 as a promising synthetic vector for DNA vaccination in various models of human diseases. This vector allows dose sparing of antigen-encoding plasmid DNA. Here, we report the capacity of 704-mediated HIV and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma DNA vaccines to induce the production of specific antibodies against gp120 HIV envelope proteins in mice and against alpha-fetoprotein antigen in non-human primates, respectively. An investigation of the underlying mechanisms showed that 704-mediated vaccination did trigger a strong immune response by (1) allowing a direct DNA delivery into the cytosol, (2) promoting an intracytoplasmic DNA sensing leading to both interferon and NF-κB cascade stimulation, and (3) inducing antigen expression by muscle cells and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, leading to the induction of a robust adaptive response. Overall, our findings suggest that the 704-mediated DNA vaccination platform is an attractive method to develop both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Haudebourg
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- Nantes Université, University of Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INSERM UMR1302, CNRS EMR6001, 44000 Nantes, France
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Rcheulishvili N, Mao J, Papukashvili D, Feng S, Liu C, Yang X, Lin J, He Y, Wang PG. Development of a Multi-Epitope Universal mRNA Vaccine Candidate for Monkeypox, Smallpox, and Vaccinia Viruses: Design and In Silico Analyses. Viruses 2023; 15:1120. [PMID: 37243206 PMCID: PMC10222975 DOI: 10.3390/v15051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the presence of a smallpox vaccine that is effective against monkeypox (mpox), developing a universal vaccine candidate against monkeypox virus (MPXV) is highly required as the mpox multi-country outbreak has increased global concern. MPXV, along with variola virus (VARV) and vaccinia virus (VACV), belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Due to the genetic similarity of antigens in this study, we have designed a potentially universal mRNA vaccine based on conserved epitopes that are specific to these three viruses. In order to design a potentially universal mRNA vaccine, antigens A29, A30, A35, B6, and M1 were selected. The conserved sequences among the three viral species-MPXV, VACV, and VARV-were detected, and B and T cell epitopes containing the conserved elements were used for the design of the multi-epitope mRNA construct. Immunoinformatics analyses demonstrated the stability of the vaccine construct and optimal binding to MHC molecules. Humoral and cellular immune responses were induced by immune simulation analyses. Eventually, based on in silico analysis, the universal mRNA multi-epitope vaccine candidate designed in this study may have a potential protection against MPXV, VARV, and VACV that will contribute to the advancement of prevention strategies for unpredictable pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Rcheulishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiawei Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Dimitri Papukashvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Shunping Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Xidan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jihui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yunjiao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (N.R.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (S.F.); (C.L.); (X.Y.); (J.L.)
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11
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Hosseinalizadeh H, Rahmati M, Ebrahimi A, O’Connor RS. Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:435-446. [PMID: 36779991 PMCID: PMC10155120 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of central nervous system malignancy in adults. Despite significant breakthroughs in current GBM treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for late-stage glioblastoma remains bleak due to tumor recurrence following surgical resection. The poor prognosis highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Vaccination has successfully treated patients with advanced colorectal and lung cancer. Therefore, the potential value of using tumor vaccines in treating glioblastoma is increasingly discussed as a monotherapy or in combination with other cellular immunotherapies. Cancer vaccination includes both passive administration of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccination procedures to activate, boost, or bias antitumor immunity against cancer cells. This article focuses on active immunotherapy with peptide, genetic (DNA, mRNA), and cell-based vaccines in treating GBM and reviews the various treatment approaches currently being tested. Although the ease of synthesis, relative safety, and ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have made these vaccines an invaluable tool for cancer treatment, more extensive cohort studies and better guidelines are needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccines in anti-GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue Du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roddy S O’Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Designing multi-epitope mRNA construct as a universal influenza vaccine candidate for future epidemic/pandemic preparedness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:885-899. [PMID: 36521707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of prevention and treatment strategies and advancing immunization approaches, the influenza virus remains a global threat that continues to plague humanity with unpredictable pandemics. Due to the unusual genetic variability and segmented genome, the reassortment between different strains of influenza is facilitated and the viruses continuously evolve and adapt to the host cell's immunity. This underlies the seasonal vaccine mismatches that decrease the vaccine efficacy and increase the risk of outbreaks. Thus, the development of a universal vaccine covering all the influenza A and B strains would reduce the pervasiveness of the influenza virus. In the current study, a potentially universal influenza multi-epitope vaccine was designed based on the experimentally tested conserved T cell and B cell epitopes of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), and matrix-2 proton channel (M2) of the virus. The immune simulation and molecular docking of the vaccine construct with TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 elicited the favorable immunogenicity of the vaccine and the formation of stable complexes, respectively. Ultimately, based on the immunoinformatics analysis, the universal mRNA multi-epitope vaccine designed in this study might have a protection potential against the various subtypes of influenza A and B.
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13
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Abbadi N, Mousa JJ. Broadly Protective Neuraminidase-Based Influenza Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies: Target Epitopes and Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2023; 15:200. [PMID: 36680239 PMCID: PMC9861061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the importance of NA-based immunity, current vaccines are focused on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein as the target for protective antibodies, and the amount of NA is not standardized in virion-based vaccines. Antibodies targeting NA are predominantly protective, reducing infection severity and viral shedding. Recently, NA-specific monoclonal antibodies have been characterized, and their target epitopes have been identified. This review summarizes the characteristics of NA, NA-specific antibodies, the mechanism of NA inhibition, and the recent efforts towards developing NA-based and NA-incorporating influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abbadi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu L. Influenza and Universal Vaccine Research in China. Viruses 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 36680158 PMCID: PMC9861666 DOI: 10.3390/v15010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and even death, posing a serious global and human health burden. Compared with other countries, China has a large population base and a large number of influenza cases and deaths. Currently, influenza vaccination remains the most cost-effective and efficient way to prevent and control influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus infection and serious complications. The antigenicity of the influenza vaccine exhibits good protective efficacy when matched to the seasonal epidemic strain. However, when influenza viruses undergo rapid and sustained antigenic drift resulting in a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the epidemic strain, the protective effect is greatly reduced. As a result, the flu vaccine must be reformulated and readministered annually, causing a significant drain on human and financial resources. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine is necessary for the complete fight against the influenza virus. By statistically analyzing cases related to influenza virus infection and death in China in recent years, this paper describes the existing marketed vaccines, vaccine distribution and vaccination in China and summarizes the candidate immunogens designed based on the structure of influenza virus, hoping to provide ideas for the design and development of new influenza vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Innovative Research on Virus Vaccine, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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15
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Recent Advances in DNA Vaccines against Lung Cancer: A Mini Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101586. [PMID: 36298450 PMCID: PMC9612219 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is regarded as the major causes of patient death around the world. Although the novel tumor immunotherapy has made great progress in the past decades, such as utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors or oncolytic viruses, the overall 5-year survival of patients with lung cancers is still low. Thus, development of effective vaccines to treat lung cancer is urgently required. In this regard, DNA vaccines are now considered as a promising immunotherapy strategy to activate the host immune system against lung cancer. DNA vaccines are able to induce both effective humoral and cellular immune responses, and they possess several potential advantages such as greater stability, higher safety, and being easier to manufacture compared to conventional vaccination. In the present review, we provide a global overview of the mechanism of cancer DNA vaccines and summarize the innovative neoantigens, delivery platforms, and adjuvants in lung cancer that have been investigated or approved. Importantly, we highlight the recent advance of clinical studies in the field of lung cancer DNA vaccine, focusing on their safety and efficacy, which might accelerate the personalized design of DNA vaccine against lung cancer.
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16
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Janssens Y, Joye J, Waerlop G, Clement F, Leroux-Roels G, Leroux-Roels I. The role of cell-mediated immunity against influenza and its implications for vaccine evaluation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959379. [PMID: 36052083 PMCID: PMC9424642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines remain the most effective tools to prevent flu and its complications. Trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines primarily elicit antibodies towards haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. These vaccines fail to induce high protective efficacy, in particular in older adults and immunocompromised individuals and require annual updates to keep up with evolving influenza strains (antigenic drift). Vaccine efficacy declines when there is a mismatch between its content and circulating strains. Current correlates of protection are merely based on serological parameters determined by haemagglutination inhibition or single radial haemolysis assays. However, there is ample evidence showing that these serological correlates of protection can both over- or underestimate the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines. Next-generation universal influenza vaccines that induce cross-reactive cellular immune responses (CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell responses) against conserved epitopes may overcome some of the shortcomings of the current inactivated vaccines by eliciting broader protection that lasts for several influenza seasons and potentially enhances pandemic preparedness. Assessment of cellular immune responses in clinical trials that evaluate the immunogenicity of these new generation vaccines is thus of utmost importance. Moreover, studies are needed to examine whether these cross-reactive cellular immune responses can be considered as new or complementary correlates of protection in the evaluation of traditional and next-generation influenza vaccines. An overview of the assays that can be applied to measure cell-mediated immune responses to influenza with their strengths and weaknesses is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Joye
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwenn Waerlop
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clement
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Isabel Leroux-Roels,
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17
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Pastor Y, Ghazzaui N, Hammoudi A, Centlivre M, Cardinaud S, Levy Y. Refining the DC-targeting vaccination for preventing emerging infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949779. [PMID: 36016929 PMCID: PMC9396646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe, long-term, effective vaccines is still a challenge for many infectious diseases. Thus, the search of new vaccine strategies and production platforms that allow rapidly and effectively responding against emerging or reemerging pathogens has become a priority in the last years. Targeting the antigens directly to dendritic cells (DCs) has emerged as a new approach to enhance the immune response after vaccination. This strategy is based on the fusion of the antigens of choice to monoclonal antibodies directed against specific DC surface receptors such as CD40. Since time is essential, in silico approaches are of high interest to select the most immunogenic and conserved epitopes to improve the T- and B-cells responses. The purpose of this review is to present the advances in DC vaccination, with special focus on DC targeting vaccines and epitope mapping strategies and provide a new framework for improving vaccine responses against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Pastor
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Nour Ghazzaui
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Adele Hammoudi
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
- *Correspondence: Yves Levy,
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18
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Mahooti M, Abdolalipour E, Farahmand B, Shirian S, Ghaemi A. Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Lactobacillus casei on GM-CSF-adjuvanted influenza DNA vaccine. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the protective efficacy of influenza DNA vaccine combined with a granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) adjuvant, and probiotic Lactobacillus casei, an oral immunomodulator, in a BALB/c mice. Materials & methods: The mice were immunized with HA1 DNA vaccine along with GM-CSF and probiotic twice within a one-week interval. Results: The results showed that both adjuvants exert a synergistic effect in enhancing the humoral and cellular immune responses of the DNA vaccine. This combination also deceased IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the lung homogenates. The protection patterns were closely associated with influenza virus-specific splenocyte proliferative and serum IgG antibody (Ab) responses. Conclusion: The Findings demonstrate L. casei modulate balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses toward HA1 DNA vaccine adjuvanted by GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mahooti
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Abdolalipour
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Behrokh Farahmand
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza & other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
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19
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Muhar BK, Nehira J, Malhotra A, Kotchoni SO. The Race for COVID-19 Vaccines: The Various Types and Their Strengths and Weaknesses. J Pharm Pract 2022:8971900221097248. [PMID: 35723017 PMCID: PMC9207585 DOI: 10.1177/08971900221097248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes the highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. As of August 21, 2021, over 211 million people have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and 4.42 million people have died from the disease worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected world economies, global public health infrastructure, and social behaviors. Despite physical distancing and the advent of symptomatic and monoclonal antibody therapies, perhaps the most effective method to combat COVID-19 remains the creation of immunity through vaccines. Scientific communities globally have been diligently working to develop vaccines since the start of the pandemic. Though a few have been authorized for use, the Pfizer vaccine was the first to be given full approval in the United States in August 2021 – being the quickest vaccine to ever be developed. Although several vaccines produced via different approaches are in use, no mortality has been reported thus far from vaccine use. Here, we highlight the latest advances in the development of the COVID-19 vaccines, specifically the lead candidates that are in late-stage clinical trials or authorized for emergency use. As SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter a host cell and cause infection, most vaccine candidates target this protein. This review describes the various COVID-19 vaccines - authorized and/or under development - and their composition, advantages, and potential limitations as the world continues to fight this devastating pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaar K Muhar
- College of Graduate Studies, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Nehira
- College of Pharmacy, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA
| | - Ashim Malhotra
- College of Pharmacy, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA
| | - Simeon O Kotchoni
- College of Graduate Studies, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA.,College of Pharmacy, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, 436933California Northstate University, Elk-Grove, CA, USA
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20
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Immunological Study of Combined Administration of SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine and Inactivated Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060929. [PMID: 35746536 PMCID: PMC9228235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We constructed two DNA vaccines containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) genes of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and used them in combination with inactivated vaccines in a variety of different protocols to explore potential novel immunization strategies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: Two DNA vaccine candidates with different signal peptides (namely, secreted and membrane signal peptides) and RBD protein genes of different SARS-CoV-2 strains (Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, C.37) were used. Four different combinations of DNA and inactivated vaccines were tested, namely, Group A: three doses of DNA vaccine; B: three doses of DNA vaccine and one dose of inactivated vaccine; C: two doses of inactivated vaccine and one dose of DNA vaccine; and D: coadministration of DNA and inactivated vaccines in two doses. Subgroups were grouped according to the signal peptide used (subgroup 1 contained secreted signal peptides, and subgroup 2 contained membrane signal peptides). The in vitro expression of the DNA vaccines, the humoral and cellular immunity responses of the immunized mice, the immune cell population changes in local lymph nodes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum samples were evaluated. Results: The antibody responses and cellular immunity in Group A were weak for all SARS-CoV-2 strains; for Group B, there was a great enhancement of neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers against the B.1.617.2 variant strain. Group C showed a significant increase in antibody responses (NAb titers against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain were 768 and 1154 for Group C1 and Group C2, respectively, versus 576) and cellular immune responses, especially for variant B.1.617.2 (3240 (p < 0.001) and 2430 (p < 0.05) for Group C1 and Group C2, versus 450); Group D showed an improvement in immunogenicity. Group C induced higher levels of multiple cytokines. Conclusion: The DNA vaccine candidates we constructed, administered as boosters, could enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of inactivated vaccines against COVID-19, especially for B.1.617.2.
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21
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Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Montomoli E. The baculovirus expression vector system: a modern technology for the future of influenza vaccine manufacturing. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1233-1242. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2085565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
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22
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Sabitha S, Shobana N, Prakash P, Padmanaban S, Sathiyashree M, Saigeetha S, Chakravarthi S, Uthaman S, Park IK, Samrot AV. A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050737. [PMID: 35632493 PMCID: PMC9145217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an unknown viral infection emerged and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. This novel virus caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused 6.25 millions of deaths worldwide and remains a major concern for health, society, and the economy. As vaccination is one of the most efficient ways to combat this pandemic, different vaccines were developed in a short period. This review article discusses how coronavirus affected the top nations of the world and the vaccines being used for the prevention. Amongst the vaccines, some vaccines have already been approved, and some have been involved in clinical studies. The article also provides insight into different COVID-19 vaccine platforms, their preparation, working, efficacy, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Sabitha
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Nagarajan Shobana
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandurangan Prakash
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
| | - Mahendran Sathiyashree
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Subramanian Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea;
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur 600073, India
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (I.-K.P.); (A.V.S.)
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23
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Rockman S, Taylor B, McCauley JW, Barr IG, Longstaff R, Bahra R. Global Pandemic Preparedness: Optimizing Our Capabilities and the Influenza Experience. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040589. [PMID: 35455338 PMCID: PMC9024617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted rapid investigation and deployment of vaccine platforms never before used to combat human disease. The severe impact on the health system and the high economic cost of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as lockdowns and international border closures employed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 prior to the arrival of effective vaccines, have led to calls for development and deployment of novel vaccine technologies as part of a “100-day response ambition” for the next pandemic. Prior to COVID-19, all of the pandemics (excluding HIV) in the past century have been due to influenza viruses, and influenza remains one of the most likely future pandemic threats along with new coronaviruses. New and emerging vaccine platforms are likely to play an important role in combatting the next pandemic. However, the existing well-established, proven platforms for seasonal and pandemic influenza manufacturing will also continue to be utilized to rapidly address the next influenza threat. The field of influenza vaccine manufacturing has a long history of successes, including approval of vaccines within approximately 100 days after WHO declaration of the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic. Moreover, many advances in vaccine science and manufacturing capabilities have been made in the past decade to optimize a rapid and timely response should a new influenza pandemic threat emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Rockman
- Seqirus Ltd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9389-2712
| | - Beverly Taylor
- Seqirus Ltd., Maidenhead SL6 8AA, UK; (B.T.); (R.L.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Ian G. Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Ray Longstaff
- Seqirus Ltd., Maidenhead SL6 8AA, UK; (B.T.); (R.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Ranbir Bahra
- Seqirus Ltd., Maidenhead SL6 8AA, UK; (B.T.); (R.L.); (R.B.)
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Sharma S, Dallmeier K. Use of Optical In Vivo Imaging to Monitor and Optimize Delivery of Novel Plasmid-Launched Live-Attenuated Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2412:283-294. [PMID: 34918251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid-launched live-attenuated vaccines (PLLAV) are a modality of next-generation vaccines with the promise to combine the benefits of both (1) the potency of live vaccines and (2) the ease of production, quality control, and thermal stability of classical DNA vaccines. Using the live yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine as paradigm, we establish a bioluminescence-based in vivo imaging approach that allows to rapidly monitor and optimize the dose and route of delivery of such PLLAV in a mouse model of YF17D immunization. Vaccine virus replication thus launched in the skin of vaccinated mice can be quantified by the light emitted, benchmarked to signals originating from a YF17D reporter virus and finally correlated to the induction of humoral immune responses to the yellow fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Preclinical evaluation of a candidate naked plasmid DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:156. [PMID: 34930909 PMCID: PMC8688418 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New generation plasmid DNA vaccines may be a safe, fast and simple emergency vaccine platform for preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Applying platform optimization strategies, we tested the pre-clinical immunogenicity and protective effect of a candidate DNA plasmid vaccine specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The DNA vaccine induced spike-specific binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies in mice, rabbits, and rhesus macaques together with robust Th1 dominant cellular responses in small animals. Intradermal and intramuscular needle-free administration of the DNA vaccine yielded comparable immune responses. In a vaccination-challenge study of rhesus macaques, the vaccine demonstrated protection from viral replication in the lungs following intranasal and intratracheal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, the candidate plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is immunogenic in different models and confers protection against lung infection in nonhuman primates. Further evaluation of this DNA vaccine candidate in clinical trials is warranted.
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26
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Chen X. Potentiation of Recombinant NP and M1-Induced Cellular Immune Responses and Protection by Physical Radiofrequency Adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1382. [PMID: 34960128 PMCID: PMC8706500 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) are highly conserved among influenza A viruses and have been attractive targets to develop vaccines to elicit cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Yet, external antigens are often presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and elicit humoral immune responses. In this study, we present a physical radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) to assist recombinant NP and M1 to elicit potent CTL responses. We found recombinant NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA could elicit potent anti-NP CTLs and confer significant protection against homologous viral challenges, while NP/M1 immunization alone failed to elicit significant CTL responses or confer significant protection. Interestingly, RFA failed to elicit potent anti-M1 CTL responses or anti-NP or anti-M1 antibody responses. Different from RFA, AddaVax adjuvant was found to significantly increase NP-specific antibody responses but not CTLs. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA or AddaVax similarly reduced body weight loss, while only the former significantly increased the survival. We further found NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not significantly increase serum IL-6 release (a systemic inflammatory mediator) and rather reduced serum IL-6 release after boost immunization. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not induce significant local reactions or increase body temperature of mice. The high potency and safety strongly support further development of RFA-based recombinant NP/M1 vaccine to elicit cross-protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
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27
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly throughout the world and appears to involve in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SARS-CoV-2 is attached to host cells via binding to the viral spike (S) proteins and its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Consequently, the S protein is primed with serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, which facilitate the fusion of viral and cellular membranes result in the entry of viral RNA into the host cell. Vaccines are urgently required to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and aid in the recovery to pre-pandemic levels of normality. The long-term protective immunity is provided by the vaccine antigen (or pathogen)-specific immune effectors and the activation of immune memory cells that can be efficiently and rapidly reactivated upon pathogen exposure. Research efforts aimed towards the design and development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are increasing. Numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have passed late-stage clinical investigations with promising outcomes. This review focuses on the present state and future prospects of COVID-19 vaccines research and development, with a particular emphasis on immunological mechanisms of various COVID-19vaccines such as adenoviral vector-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines that elicits immunological responses against SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans.
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28
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Koo BI, Jin S, Kim H, Lee DJ, Lee E, Nam YS. Conjugation-Free Multilamellar Protein-Lipid Hybrid Vesicles for Multifaceted Immune Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101239. [PMID: 34467659 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various lipid-based nanocarriers have been developed for the co-delivery of protein antigens with immunological adjuvants. However, their in vivo potency in vaccine delivery is limited by structural instability, which causes off-target delivery and low cross-presentation efficacies. Recent works employ covalent cross-linking to stabilize the lipid nanostructures, though the immunogenicity and side effects of chemically modified protein antigens and lipids can cause a long-lasting safety issue. Here robust "conjugation-free" multilamellar protein antigen-lipid hybrid nanovesicles (MPLVs) are introduced through the antigen-mediated self-assembly of unilamellar lipid vesicles for the co-delivery of protein antigens and immunologic adjuvants. The nanocarriers coated with monophosphoryl lipid A and hyaluronic acids elicit highly increase antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The MPLVs increase the generation of immunological surface markers and cytokines in mouse-derived bone-marrow dendritic cells compared to soluble antigens with adjuvants. Besides, the vaccination of mice with the MPLVs significantly increase the production of anti-antigen antibody and interferon-gamma via the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. These findings suggest that MPLVs can serve as a promising nanovaccine delivery platform for efficient antigen cross-presentation through the efficient co-delivery of protein antigens with adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Il Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon‐Mi Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 123 Cheomdan‐gwagiro Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 123 Cheomdan‐gwagiro Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 123 Cheomdan‐gwagiro Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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29
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Shafaati M, Saidijam M, Soleimani M, Hazrati F, Mirzaei R, Amirheidari B, Tanzadehpanah H, Karampoor S, Kazemi S, Yavari B, Mahaki H, Safaei M, Rahbarizadeh F, Samadi P, Ahmadyousefi Y. A brief review on DNA vaccines in the era of COVID-19. Future Virol 2021; 17:10.2217/fvl-2021-0170. [PMID: 34858516 PMCID: PMC8629371 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a brief overview of DNA vaccines. First, the basic DNA vaccine design strategies are described, then specific issues related to the industrial production of DNA vaccines are discussed, including the production and purification of DNA products such as plasmid DNA, minicircle DNA, minimalistic, immunologically defined gene expression (MIDGE) and Doggybone™. The use of adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines is then discussed. In addition, different delivery routes and several physical and chemical methods to increase the efficacy of DNA delivery into cells are explained. Recent preclinical and clinical trials of DNA vaccines for COVID-19 are then summarized. Lastly, the advantages and obstacles of DNA vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shafaati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshte Hazrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Bahram Yavari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Andersen TK, Bodin J, Oftung F, Bogen B, Mjaaland S, Grødeland G. Pandemic Preparedness Against Influenza: DNA Vaccine for Rapid Relief. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747032. [PMID: 34691056 PMCID: PMC8531196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2009 “swine flu” pandemic outbreak demonstrated the limiting capacity for egg-based vaccines with respect to global vaccine supply within a timely fashion. New vaccine platforms that efficiently can quench pandemic influenza emergences are urgently needed. Since 2009, there has been a profound development of new vaccine platform technologies with respect to prophylactic use in the population, including DNA vaccines. These vaccines are particularly well suited for global pandemic responses as the DNA format is temperature stable and the production process is cheap and rapid. Here, we show that by targeting influenza antigens directly to antigen presenting cells (APC), DNA vaccine efficacy equals that of conventional technologies. A single dose of naked DNA encoding hemagglutinin (HA) from influenza/A/California/2009 (H1N1), linked to a targeting moiety directing the vaccine to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules, raised similar humoral immune responses as the adjuvanted split virion vaccine Pandemrix, widely administered in the 2009 pandemic. Both vaccine formats rapidly induced serum antibodies that could protect mice already 8 days after a single immunization, in contrast to the slower kinetics of a seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Importantly, the DNA vaccine also elicited cytotoxic T-cell responses that reduced morbidity after vaccination, in contrast to very limited T-cell responses seen after immunization with Pandemrix and TIV. These data demonstrate that DNA vaccines has the potential as a single dose platform vaccine, with rapid protective effects without the need for adjuvant, and confirms the relevance of naked DNA vaccines as candidates for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Kristian Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Bodin
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Oftung
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Fathizadeh H, Afshar S, Masoudi MR, Gholizadeh P, Asgharzadeh M, Ganbarov K, Köse Ş, Yousefi M, Kafil HS. SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) vaccines structure, mechanisms and effectiveness: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:740-750. [PMID: 34403674 PMCID: PMC8364403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The world has been suffering from COVID-19 disease for more than a year, and it still has a high mortality rate. In addition to the need to minimize transmission of the virus through non-pharmacological measures such as the use of masks and social distance, many efforts are being made to develop a variety of vaccines to prevent the disease worldwide. So far, several vaccines have reached the final stages of safety and efficacy in various phases of clinical trials, and some, such as Moderna/NIAID and BioNTech/Pfizer, have reported very high safety and protection. The important point is that comparing different vaccines is not easy because there is no set standard for measuring neutralization. In this study, we have reviewed the common platforms of COVID-19 vaccines and tried to present the latest reports on the effectiveness of these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of laboratory sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Saman Afshar
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Masoudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Pourya Gholizadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Şükran Köse
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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32
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Toward a universal influenza virus vaccine: Some cytokines may fulfill the request. Cytokine 2021; 148:155703. [PMID: 34555604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus annually causes widespread damages to the health and economy of the global community. Vaccination is currently the most crucial strategy in reducing the number of patients. Genetic variations, the high diversity of pandemic viruses, and zoonoses make it challenging to select suitable strains for annual vaccine production. If new pandemic viruses emerge, it will take a long time to produce a vaccine according to the new strains. In the present study, intending to develop a universal influenza vaccine, new bicistronic DNA vaccines were developed that expressed NP or NPm antigen with one of modified IL-18/ IL-17A/ IL-22 cytokine adjuvants. NPm is a mutant form of the antigen that has the ability for cytoplasmic accumulation. In order to investigate and differentiate the role of each of the components of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cellular immune systems in the performance of vaccines, Treg competent and Treg suppressed mouse groups were used. Mice were vaccinated with Foxp3-FC immunogen to produce Treg suppressed mouse groups. The potential of the vaccines to stimulate the immune system was assessed by IFN-γ/IL-17A Dual FluoroSpot. The vaccine's ability to induce humoral immune response was determined by measuring IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA-specific antibodies against the antigen. Kinetics of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cellular immune responses after vaccination, were assessed by evaluating the expression changes of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-22, IL-4, and IL-2 cytokines by semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR. To assess the vaccines' ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, challenge tests with homologous and heterologous viruses were performed and then the virus titer was measured in the lungs of animals. Evaluation of the data obtained from this study showed that the DNA-vaccines coding NPm have more ability to induces a potent cross-cellular immune response and protective immunity than DNA-vaccines coding NP. Although the use of IL-18/ IL-17A/ IL-22 genetic adjuvants enhanced immune responses and protective immunity, Administration of NPm in combination with modified IL-18 (Igk-mIL18-IgFC) induced the most effective immunity in Treg competent mice group.
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33
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Perera DJ, Ndao M. Promising Technologies in the Field of Helminth Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711650. [PMID: 34489961 PMCID: PMC8418310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths contribute a larger global burden of disease than both malaria and tuberculosis. These eukaryotes have caused human infections since before our earliest recorded history (i.e.: earlier than 1200 B.C. for Schistosoma spp.). Despite the prevalence and importance of these infections, helminths are considered a neglected tropical disease for which there are no vaccines approved for human use. Similar to other parasites, helminths are complex organisms which employ a plethora of features such as: complex life cycles, chronic infections, and antigenic mimicry to name a few, making them difficult to target by conventional vaccine strategies. With novel vaccine strategies such as viral vectors and genetic elements, numerous constructs are being defined for a wide range of helminth parasites; however, it has yet to be discussed which of these approaches may be the most effective. With human trials being conducted, and a pipeline of potential anti-helminthic antigens, greater understanding of helminth vaccine-induced immunity is necessary for the development of potent vaccine platforms and their optimal design. This review outlines the conventional and the most promising approaches in clinical and preclinical helminth vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program of Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program of Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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34
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Zhao K, Sun B, Shi C, Sun Y, Jin Z, Hu G. Intranasal immunization with O-2'-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine enhances mucosal immune response in chickens. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:240. [PMID: 34380522 PMCID: PMC8359106 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a great interest in developing strategies for enhancing antigen delivery to the mucosal immune system as well as identifying mucosal active immunostimulating agents. To elevate the potential of O-2ʹ-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (O-2ʹ-HACC) as an adjuvant and mucosal immune delivery carrier for DNA vaccine, we prepared the O-2ʹ-HACC loaded with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) F gene plasmid DNA and C3d6 molecular adjuvant (O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA microparticles). Results The O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA exhibited a regular spherical morphology with a particle size of 202.3 ± 0.52 nm, a zeta potential of 50.8 ± 8.21 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 90.74 ± 1.10%, and a loading capacity of 49.84 ± 1.20%. The plasmid DNA could be sustainably released from the O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA after an initial burst release. Intranasal vaccination of chickens immunized with O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA not only induced higher anti-NDV IgG and sIgA antibody titers but also significantly promoted lymphocyte proliferation and produced higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, CD4+, and CD8 + T lymphocytes compared with the NDV commercial live attenuated vaccine. Intranasal delivery of the O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA enhanced humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses and protected chickens from the infection of highly virulent NDV compared with the intramuscular delivery. Conclusions Collectively, our findings indicated that the O-2ʹ-HACC could be used as a vaccine adjuvant and delivery system for mucosal immunity and have an immense application promise. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Beini Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ci Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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35
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Hosseini SA, Zahedipour F, Mirzaei H, Kazemi Oskuee R. Potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Concept, progress, and challenges. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107622. [PMID: 33895475 PMCID: PMC8006194 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since September 2020, the world has had more than 28 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many countries are facing a second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. A pressing need is evident for the development of a potent vaccine to control the SARS-CoV-2. Institutions and companies in many countries have announced their vaccine research programs and progress against the COVID-19. While most vaccines go through the designation and preparation stages, some of them are under evaluation for efficacy among animal models and clinical trials, and three approved vaccine candidates have been introduced for limited exploitation in Russia and China. An effective vaccine must induce a protective response of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity and should meet the safety and efficacy criteria. Although the emergence of new technologies has accelerated the development of vaccines, there are several challenges on the way, such as limited knowledge about the pathophysiology of the virus, inducing humoral or cellular immunity, immune enhancement with animal coronavirus vaccines, and lack of an appropriate animal model. In this review, we firstly discuss the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 disease, subsequently, give an overview of several vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2 under clinical trials and challenges in vaccine development against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Corresponding authors
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding authors
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Negahdaripour M, Shafiekhani M, Moezzi SMI, Amiri S, Rasekh S, Bagheri A, Mosaddeghi P, Vazin A. Administration of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108021. [PMID: 34352567 PMCID: PMC8316069 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of vaccination programs against COVID-19 in different countries, several populations such as patients with specific immunological conditions have been considered as the priorities for immunization. In this regard, patients with autoimmune diseases or those receiving immunosuppressive agents and anti-cancer therapies, need special attention. However, no confirmed data is presently available regarding COVID-19 vaccines in these populations due to exclusion from the conducted clinical trials. Given the probable suppression or over-activation of the immune system in such patients, reaching a consensus for their vaccination is critical, besides gathering data and conducting trials, which could probably clarify this matter in the future. In this review, besides a brief on the available COVID-19 vaccines, considerations and available knowledge about administering similar vaccines in patients with cancer, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation, multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and rheumatologic and dermatologic autoimmune disorders are summarized to help in decision making. As discussed, live-attenuated viruses, which should be avoided in these groups, are not employed in the present COVID-19 vaccines. Thus, the main concern regarding efficacy could be met using a potent COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, the vaccination timing for maximum efficacy could be decided according to the patient’s condition, indicated medications, and the guides provided here. Post-vaccination monitoring is also advised to ensure an adequate immune response. Further studies in this area are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiekhani
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sogand Amiri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rasekh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Vazin
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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[The corona pandemic and multiple sclerosis: vaccinations and their implications for patients-Part 2: vaccine technologies]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 92:1283-1292. [PMID: 34232358 PMCID: PMC8261806 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Im Zusammenhang mit den Herausforderungen durch die weltweit vorherrschende COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu teils epochalen Fortschritten im Bereich der Impfstofftechnologien. Neben den bereits langjährig eingesetzten Tot‑, Lebend- und proteinbasierten Impfstoffen gewannen im Zuge dieser Gesundheitskrise vektor- und genbasierte Impfstoffe enorm an Bedeutung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es daher, einen Überblick über Multiple Sklerose und Impfen, rezente Fortschritte in der SARS-CoV-2-Impfstoff-Landschaft sowie eine detaillierte Auseinandersetzung mit den verschiedenen Impfstofftechnologien zu bieten. Abschließend sollen übersichtsmäßig klare Empfehlungen im Zusammenhang mit krankheitsmodifizierenden Therapien und Impfen bei Multiple Sklerose gegeben werden.
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38
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Tan MP, Tan WS, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Yap WB. M2e-Based Influenza Vaccines with Nucleoprotein: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:739. [PMID: 34358155 PMCID: PMC8310010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of conserved antigens for universal influenza vaccines warrants solutions to a number of concerns pertinent to the currently licensed influenza vaccines, such as annual reformulation and mismatching with the circulating subtypes. The latter causes low vaccine efficacies, and hence leads to severe disease complications and high hospitalization rates among susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. A universal influenza vaccine ensures cross-protection against all influenza subtypes due to the presence of conserved epitopes that are found in the majority of, if not all, influenza types and subtypes, e.g., influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and nucleoprotein (NP). Despite its relatively low immunogenicity, influenza M2e has been proven to induce humoral responses in human recipients. Influenza NP, on the other hand, promotes remarkable anti-influenza T-cell responses. Additionally, NP subunits are able to assemble into particles which can be further exploited as an adjuvant carrier for M2e peptide. Practically, the T-cell immunodominance of NP can be transferred to M2e when it is fused and expressed as a chimeric protein in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli without compromising the antigenicity. Given the ability of NP-M2e fusion protein in inducing cross-protective anti-influenza cell-mediated and humoral immunity, its potential as a universal influenza vaccine is therefore worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.P.T.); (N.B.M.A.)
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.P.T.); (N.B.M.A.)
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Patel A, Reuschel EL, Xu Z, Zaidi FI, Kim KY, Scott DP, Mendoza J, Ramos S, Stoltz R, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Meade-White K, Haddock E, Thomas T, Rosenke R, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Saturday G, Muthumani K, Feldmann H, Humeau LM, Broderick KE, Weiner DB. Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146082. [PMID: 33886507 PMCID: PMC8262283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding a full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein, which induced potent binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. In a MERS-CoV challenge, all immunized rhesus macaques exhibited reduced clinical symptoms, lowered viral lung load, and decreased severity of pathological signs of disease compared with controls. Intradermal vaccination was dose sparing and more effective in this model at protecting animals from disease. The data support the further study of this vaccine for preventing MERS-CoV infection and transmission, including investigation of such vaccines and simplified delivery routes against emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L. Reuschel
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faraz I. Zaidi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Kim
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Janess Mendoza
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Ramos
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina Stoltz
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060973. [PMID: 34073996 PMCID: PMC8225176 DOI: 10.3390/v13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
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B Carvalho S, Peixoto C, T Carrondo MJ, S Silva RJ. Downstream processing for influenza vaccines and candidates: An update. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2845-2869. [PMID: 33913510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks present severe health and economic burdens. To overcome limitations on influenza vaccines' availability and effectiveness, researchers chase universal vaccines providing broad, long-lasting protection against multiple influenza subtypes, and including pandemic ones. Novel influenza vaccine designs are under development, in clinical trials, or reaching the market, namely inactivated, or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particles, or recombinant antigens, searching for improved effectiveness; all these bring downstream processing (DSP) new challenges. Having to deal with new influenza strains, including pandemics, requires shorter development time, driving the development of faster bioprocesses. To cope with better upstream processes, new regulatory demands for quality and safety, and cost reduction requirements, new unit operations and integrated processes are increasing DSP efficiency for novel vaccine formats. This review covers recent advances in DSP strategies of different influenza vaccine formats. Focus is given to the improvements on relevant state-of-the-art unit operations, from harvest and clarification to purification steps, ending with sterile filtration and formulation. The development of more efficient unit operations to cope with biophysical properties of the new candidates is discussed: emphasis is given to the design of new stationary phases, 3D printing approaches, and continuous processing tools, such as continuous chromatography. The impact of the production platforms and vaccine designs on the downstream operations for the different influenza vaccine formats approved for this season are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected lives of billions of individuals, globally. There is an urgent need to develop interventions including vaccines to control the ongoing pandemic. Recent Findings Development of tools for fast-tracked testing including small and large animal models for vaccine efficacy analysis, assays for immunogenicity assessment, critical reagents, international biological standards, and data sharing allowed accelerated development of vaccines. More than 300 vaccines are under development and 9 of them are approved for emergency use in various countries, with impressive efficacy ranging from 50 to 95%. Recently, several new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged and are circulating globally, and preliminary findings imply that some of them may escape immune responses against previous variants and diminish efficacy of current vaccines. Most of these variants acquired new mutations in their surface protein (Spike) which is the antigen in most of the approved/under development vaccines. Summary In this review, we summarize novel and traditional approaches for COVID-19 vaccine development including inactivated, attenuated, nucleic acid, vector and protein based. Critical assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by vaccines has shown comparative immunogenicity profiles of various vaccines in clinical phases. Recent reports confirmed that some currently available vaccines provide partial to complete protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. If more mutated variants emerge, current vaccines might need to be updated accordingly either by developing vaccines matching the circulating strain or designing multivalent vaccines to extend the breadth.
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Ho W, Gao M, Li F, Li Z, Zhang X, Xu X. Next-Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle-Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001812. [PMID: 33458958 PMCID: PMC7995055 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are delivered to the body to generate proteins, which mimic disease antigens to stimulate the immune response. Advantages of nucleic acid vaccines include stimulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, ease of design, rapid adaptability to changing pathogen strains, and customizable multiantigen vaccines. To combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and many other diseases, nucleic acid vaccines appear to be a promising method. However, aid is needed in delivering the fragile DNA/mRNA payload. Many delivery strategies have been developed to elicit effective immune stimulation, yet no nucleic acid vaccine has been FDA-approved for human use. Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the top candidates to mediate successful DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery due to their unique properties, including unlimited possibilities for formulations, protective capacity, simultaneous loading, and delivery potential of multiple DNA/mRNA vaccines. This review will summarize the many varieties of novel NP formulations for DNA and mRNA vaccine delivery as well as give the reader a brief synopsis of NP vaccine clinical trials. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for NP-mediated nucleic acid vaccines will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic AntibodyMinistry of Educationand School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Fengqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
| | - Xue‐Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic AntibodyMinistry of Educationand School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of Technology323 Dr Martin Luther King Jr BlvdNewarkNJ07102USA
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Kanno AI, Barbosa MMF, Moraes L, Leite LCC. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and how Brazil is contributing. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200320. [PMID: 33818582 PMCID: PMC8020624 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic calls for coordinated efforts by the scientific community for the development of vaccines. The most advanced strategies have focused on modifications of technologies that were already under development for other viruses, such as SARS, MERS, and even Influenza. Classic and new technologies, such as inactivated and attenuated viruses (non-replicative and replicative), DNA and mRNA vaccines, and nanoparticles containing SARS-CoV-2 antigens, are some of the strategies currently investigated. Although there is a very high expectation for the effectiveness of the most advanced vaccine candidates, there are still no established correlates of protection. Previous experience in vaccine development for other pathogens shows that differences in vaccine formulation can result in diverse immune responses and consequently, different protective properties. Therefore the importance of continuing investigations on a broad range of strategies. Expertise in vaccine development in Brazil was refocused to the new coronavirus. Impressive collaboration between institutions will support further developments until we have available a safe, effective, and economically viable vaccine. Established competence and collaborations will allow preparedness for future challenges and can also be used to address local issues as neglected infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex I Kanno
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra M F Barbosa
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Moraes
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C C Leite
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mehmood I, Ijaz M, Ahmad S, Ahmed T, Bari A, Abro A, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Tahir ul Qamar M. SARS-CoV-2: An Update on Genomics, Risk Assessment, Potential Therapeutics and Vaccine Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041626. [PMID: 33567746 PMCID: PMC7915969 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great threat to public health, being a causative pathogen of a deadly coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has spread to more than 200 countries and infected millions of individuals globally. Although SARS-CoV-2 has structural/genomic similarities with the previously reported SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the specific mutations in its genome make it a novel virus. Available therapeutic strategies failed to control this virus. Despite strict standard operating procedures (SOPs), SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally and it is mutating gradually as well. Diligent efforts, special care, and awareness are needed to reduce transmission among susceptible masses particularly elder people, children, and health care workers. In this review, we highlighted the basic genome organization and structure of SARS-CoV-2. Its transmission dynamics, symptoms, and associated risk factors are discussed. This review also presents the latest mutations identified in its genome, the potential therapeutic options being used, and a brief explanation of vaccine development efforts against COVID-19. The effort will not only help readers to understand the deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus but also provide updated information to researchers for their research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mehmood
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (I.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology and Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Amna Bari
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Asma Abro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.T.u.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.T.u.Q.)
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Kim YC, Hsueh HT, Kim N, Rodriguez J, Leo KT, Rao D, West NE, Hanes J, Suk JS. Strategy to enhance dendritic cell-mediated DNA vaccination in the lung. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000228. [PMID: 33709020 PMCID: PMC7941873 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We here introduce a new paradigm to promote pulmonary DNA vaccination. Specifically, we demonstrate that nanoparticles designed to rapidly penetrate airway mucus (mucus-penetrating particle or MPP) enhance the delivery of inhaled model DNA vaccine (i.e. ovalbumin-expressing plasmids) to pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to robust and durable local and trans-mucosal immunity. In contrast, mucus-impermeable particles were poorly taken up by pulmonary DC following inhalation, despite their superior ability to mediate DC uptake in vitro compared to MPP. In addition to the enhanced immunity achieved in mucosal surfaces, inhaled MPP unexpectedly provided significantly greater systemic immune responses compared to gold-standard approaches applied in the clinic for systemic vaccination, including intradermal injection and intramuscular electroporation. We also showed here that inhaled MPP significantly enhanced the survival of an orthotopic mouse model of aggressive lung cancer compared to the gold-standard approaches. Importantly, we discovered that MPP-mediated pulmonary DNA vaccination induced memory T-cell immunity, particularly the ready-to-act effector memory-biased phenotype, both locally and systemically. The findings here underscore the importance of breaching the airway mucus barrier to facilitate DNA vaccine uptake by pulmonary DC and thus to initiate full-blown immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo C. Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Henry T. Hsueh
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Namho Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jason Rodriguez
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Kirby T. Leo
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Divya Rao
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Natalie E. West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Mathew S, Faheem M, Hassain NA, Benslimane FM, Al Thani AA, Zaraket H, Yassine HM. Platforms Exploited for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:11. [PMID: 33375677 PMCID: PMC7824029 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the only zoonotic-origin coronavirus (CoV) that has reached the pandemic stage. The virus uses its spike (S) glycoprotein to attach to the host cells and initiate a cascade of events that leads to infection. It has sternly affected public health, economy, education, and social behavior around the world. Several scientific and medical communities have mounted concerted efforts to limit this pandemic and the subsequent wave of viral spread by developing preventative and potential vaccines. So far, no medicine or vaccine has been approved to prevent or treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review describes the latest advances in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans, mainly focusing on the lead candidates in clinical trials. Moreover, we seek to provide both the advantages and the disadvantages of the leading platforms used in current vaccine development, based on past vaccine delivery efforts for non-SARS CoV-2 infections. We also highlight the population groups who should receive a vaccine against COVID-19 in a timely manner to eradicate the pandemic rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar; (S.M.); (F.M.B.); (A.A.A.T.)
| | - Muhammed Faheem
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Neeraja A. Hassain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tamil Nadu 620020, India;
| | - Fatiha M. Benslimane
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar; (S.M.); (F.M.B.); (A.A.A.T.)
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar; (S.M.); (F.M.B.); (A.A.A.T.)
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar; (S.M.); (F.M.B.); (A.A.A.T.)
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2173, Qatar
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48
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DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges. Life Sci 2020; 267:118919. [PMID: 33352173 PMCID: PMC7749647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is associated with several fatal cases worldwide. The rapid spread of this pathogen and the increasing number of cases highlight the urgent development of vaccines. Among the technologies available for vaccine development, DNA vaccination is a promising alternative to conventional vaccines. Since its discovery in the 1990s, it has been of great interest because of its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses while showing relevant advantages regarding producibility, stability, and storage. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and advancements on DNA vaccines against COVID-19, particularly those in clinical trials.
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Rockman S, Laurie KL, Parkes S, Wheatley A, Barr IG. New Technologies for Influenza Vaccines. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111745. [PMID: 33172191 PMCID: PMC7694987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development has been hampered by the long lead times and the high cost required to reach the market. The 2020 pandemic, caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that was first reported in late 2019, has seen unprecedented rapid activity to generate a vaccine, which belies the traditional vaccine development cycle. Critically, much of this progress has been leveraged off existing technologies, many of which had their beginnings in influenza vaccine development. This commentary outlines the most promising of the next generation of non-egg-based influenza vaccines including new manufacturing platforms, structure-based antigen design/computational biology, protein-based vaccines including recombinant technologies, nanoparticles, gene- and vector-based technologies, as well as an update on activities around a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Rockman
- Technical Development, Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.R.); (S.P.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (A.W.); (I.G.B.)
| | - Karen L. Laurie
- Technical Development, Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.R.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone Parkes
- Technical Development, Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Adam Wheatley
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (A.W.); (I.G.B.)
| | - Ian G. Barr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; (A.W.); (I.G.B.)
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni D'Angelo
- Department of Computer Science University of Salerno Fisciano Italy
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