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Karam J, Blanchet FP, Vivès É, Boisguérin P, Boudehen YM, Kremer L, Daher W. Mycobacterium abscessus alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C promotes cell invasion by binding to tetraspanin CD81. iScience 2023; 26:106042. [PMID: 36818301 PMCID: PMC9929602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an increasingly recognized pulmonary pathogen. How Mab is internalized by macrophages and establishes infection remains unknown. Here, we show that Mab uptake is significantly reduced in macrophages pre-incubated with neutralizing anti-CD81 antibodies or in cells in which the large extracellular loop (LEL) of CD81 has been deleted. Saturation of Mab with either soluble GST-CD81-LEL or CD81-LEL-derived peptides also diminished internalization of the bacilli. The mycobacterial alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C (AhpC) was unveiled as a major interactant of CD81-LEL. Pre-exposure of macrophages with soluble AhpC inhibited mycobacterial uptake whereas overexpression of AhpC in Mab enhanced its internalization. Importantly, pre-incubation of macrophages with anti-CD81-LEL antibodies inhibited phagocytosis of AhpC-coated beads, indicating that AhpC is a direct interactant of CD81-LEL. Conditional depletion of AhpC in Mab correlated with decreased internalization of Mab. These compelling data unravel a previously unexplored role for CD81/AhpC to promote uptake of pathogenic mycobacteria by host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Karam
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien P. Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France,INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Éric Vivès
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Boudehen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France,INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France,Corresponding author
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France,INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France,Corresponding author
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LAMP3/CD63 Expression in Early and Late Endosomes in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Enhancement of HSV-2 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0155322. [PMID: 36350153 PMCID: PMC9749459 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01553-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a lifelong sexually transmitted virus that disproportionately infects women through heterosexual transmission in the vaginal tract. The vaginal epithelium is known to be highly susceptible to HSV-2 infection; however, the cellular mechanism of HSV-2 uptake and replication in vaginal epithelium has not been extensively studied. Previously, we observed that lysosomal-associated membrane protein-3 (LAMP3/CD63) was among the highly upregulated genes during HSV-2 infection of human vaginal epithelial cell line VK2, leading us to posit that LAMP3/CD63 may play a role in HSV-2 infection. Consequently, we generated two gene-altered VK2-derived cell lines, a LAMP3-overexpressed (OE) line and a LAMP3 knockout (KO) line. The wild-type VK2 and the LAMP3 OE and KO cell lines were grown in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures for 7 days and infected with HSV-2. Twenty-four hours postinfection, LAMP3 OE cells produced and released significantly higher numbers of HSV-2 virions than wild-type VK2 cells, while virus production was greatly attenuated in LAMP3 KO cells, indicating a functional association between LAMP3/CD63 expression and HSV-2 replication. Fluorescence microscopy of HSV-2-infected cells revealed that HSV-2 colocalized with LAMP3 in both early endosomes and lysosomal compartments. In addition, blocking endosomal maturation or late endosomal/lysosomal fusion using specific inhibitors resulted in reduced HSV-2 replication in VK2 cells. Similarly, LAMP3 KO cells exhibited very low viral entry and association with endosomes, while LAMP3 OE cells demonstrated large amounts of virus that colocalized with LAMP3/CD63 in endosomes and lysosomes. IMPORTANCE Collectively, these results showed that HSV-2 is taken up by human vaginal epithelial cells through an endosomal-lysosomal pathway in association with LAMP3, which plays a crucial role in the enhancement of HSV-2 replication. These findings provide the basis for the future design of antiviral agents for prophylactic measures against HSV-2 infection.
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Moonmuang S, Maniratanachote R, Chetprayoon P, Sornsuwan K, Thongkum W, Chupradit K, Tayapiwatana C. Specific Interaction of DARPin with HIV-1 CA NTD Disturbs the Distribution of Gag, RNA Packaging, and Tetraspanin Remodelling in the Membrane. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040824. [PMID: 35458554 PMCID: PMC9025900 DOI: 10.3390/v14040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A designed repeat scaffold protein (AnkGAG1D4) recognizing the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) capsid (CA) was formerly established with antiviral assembly. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of AnkGAG1D4 function during the late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle. By applying stimulated emission-depletion (STED) microscopy, Gag polymerisation was interrupted at the plasma membrane. Disturbance of Gag polymerisation triggered Gag accumulation inside producer cells and trapping of the CD81 tetraspanin on the plasma membrane. Moreover, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments were performed to validate the packaging efficiency of RNAs. Our results advocated that AnkGAG1D4 interfered with the Gag precursor protein from selecting HIV-1 and cellular RNAs for encapsidation into viral particles. These findings convey additional information on the antiviral activity of AnkGAG1D4 at late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, which is potential for an alternative anti-HIV molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutpirat Moonmuang
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Maniratanachote
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center (TBES), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (R.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paninee Chetprayoon
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center (TBES), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (R.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Kanokporn Sornsuwan
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Weeraya Thongkum
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Koollawat Chupradit
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Espinar-Buitrago M, Muñoz-Fernández MA. New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:719664. [PMID: 35058917 PMCID: PMC8763680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved substantially, achieving undetectable viral loads in most cases. Nevertheless, the presence of a viral reservoir formed by latently infected cells results in patients having to maintain treatment for life. In the absence of effective eradication strategies against HIV-1, research efforts are focused on obtaining a cure. One of these approaches is the creation of therapeutic vaccines. In this sense, the most promising one up to now is based on the establishing of the immunological synapse between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (TL). DCs are one of the first cells of the immune system to encounter HIV-1 by acting as antigen presenting cells, bringing about the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by TL. Furthermore, TL are the end effector, and their response capacity is essential in the adaptive elimination of cells infected by pathogens. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the interaction between DCs with TL, as well as the characterization of the specific T-cell response against HIV-1 infection. The use of nanotechnology in the design and improvement of vaccines based on DCs has been researched and presented here with a special emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisierra Espinar-Buitrago
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Head Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Hospital Gregorio Marañón (HIV-HGM) BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Izumida M, Kakoki K, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, Kubo Y. Rab3a, a small GTP-binding protein, is required for the stabilization of the murine leukaemia virus Gag protein. Small GTPases 2022; 13:162-182. [PMID: 34180342 PMCID: PMC9707528 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1939631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a CD63-interacting protein to understand the role of CD63 in virion production of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and we have found that Rab3a forms a complex with CD63. In this study, we analysed the effect of Rab3a on virion production of the murine leukaemia virus (MLV), which is another member of the retrovirus family. We found that Rab3a silencing induced lysosomal degradation of the MLV Gag protein, and recovery of the Rab3a expression restored the level of the Gag protein through a complex formation of MLV Gag and Rab3a, indicating that Rab3a is required for MLV Gag protein expression. In contrast, CD63 silencing decreased the infectivity of released virions but had no effect on virion production, indicating that CD63 facilitates the infectivity of released MLV particles. Although Rab3a induced CD63 degradation in uninfected cells, the complex of MLV Gag and Rab3a suppressed the Rab3a-mediated CD63 degradation in MLV-infected cells. Finally, we found that the MLV Gag protein interacts with Rab3a to stabilize its own protein and CD63 that facilitates the infectivity of released MLV particles. Considering the involvement of Rab3a in lysosome trafficking to the plasma membrane, it may also induce cell surface transport of the MLV Gag protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Izumida
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsura Kakoki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Urology Department, Omura Municipal Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Medical University Research Administrator, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kubo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,CONTACT Yoshinao Kubo Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki852-8523, Japan
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6
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New C, Lee ZY, Tan KS, Wong AHP, Wang DY, Tran T. Tetraspanins: Host Factors in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11609. [PMID: 34769038 PMCID: PMC8583825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane glycoproteins that have been shown increasing interest as host factors in infectious diseases. In particular, they were implicated in the pathogenesis of both non-enveloped (human papillomavirus (HPV)) and enveloped (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika, influenza A virus, (IAV), and coronavirus) viruses through multiple stages of infection, from the initial cell membrane attachment to the syncytium formation and viral particle release. However, the mechanisms by which different tetraspanins mediate their effects vary. This review aimed to compare and contrast the role of tetraspanins in the life cycles of HPV, HIV, Zika, IAV, and coronavirus viruses, which cause the most significant health and economic burdens to society. In doing so, a better understanding of the relative contribution of tetraspanins in virus infection will allow for a more targeted approach in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChihSheng New
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Yong Lee
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169060. [PMID: 34445766 PMCID: PMC8396519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system consists of peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III VPS4-VTA1, and ALIX homodimer. This system plays an important role in the degradation of non-essential or dangerous plasma membrane proteins, the biogenesis of lysosomes and yeast vacuoles, the budding of most enveloped viruses, and promoting membrane shedding of cytokinesis. Recent results show that exosomes and the ESCRT pathway play important roles in virus infection. This review mainly focuses on the roles of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in virus assembly, budding, and infection of enveloped viruses. The elaboration of the mechanism of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in some enveloped viruses provides important implications for the further study of the infection mechanism of other enveloped viruses.
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8
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Kim Y, Mensah GA, Al Sharif S, Pinto DO, Branscome H, Yelamanchili SV, Cowen M, Erickson J, Khatkar P, Mahieux R, Kashanchi F. Extracellular Vesicles from Infected Cells Are Released Prior to Virion Release. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040781. [PMID: 33916140 PMCID: PMC8066806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have attempted to address the timing of EV and virion release from virally infected cells. Uninfected (CEM), HIV-1-infected (J1.1), and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)-infected (HUT102) cells were synchronized in G0. Viral latency was reversed by increasing gene expression with the addition of serum-rich media and inducers. Supernatants and cell pellets were collected post-induction at different timepoints and assayed for extracellular vesicle (EV) and autophagy markers; and for viral proteins and RNAs. Tetraspanins and autophagy-related proteins were found to be differentially secreted in HIV-1- and HTLV-1-infected cells when compared with uninfected controls. HIV-1 proteins were present at 6 h and their production increased up to 24 h. HTLV-1 proteins peaked at 6 h and plateaued. HIV-1 and HTLV-1 RNA production correlated with viral protein expression. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showed increase of EV concentration over time in both uninfected and infected samples. Finally, the HIV-1 supernatant from the 6-h samples was found not to be infectious; however, the virus from the 24-h samples was successfully rescued and infectious. Overall, our data indicate that EV release may occur prior to viral release from infected cells, thereby implicating a potentially significant effect of EVs on uninfected recipient cells prior to subsequent viral infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Gifty A. Mensah
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Daniel O. Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Heather Branscome
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - James Erickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Pooja Khatkar
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Fondation Pour La Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (Y.K.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.S.); (D.O.P.); (H.B.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +703-993-9160; Fax: +703-993-7022
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Altered expression of fractalkine in HIV-1-infected astrocytes and consequences for the virus-related neurotoxicity. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:279-301. [PMID: 33646495 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) causes the release of neurotoxic products from infected cells which trigger extensive neuronal loss. Clinically, this results in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, the effects on neuroprotective factors in the brain remain poorly understood and understudied in this situation. HAND is a multifactorial process involving several players, and the complex cellular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we reported that HIV-1 infection of astrocytes limits their potential to express the protective chemokine fractalkine in response to an inflammatory environment. We next confirmed that this effect was not due to a default in its shedding from the cell surface. We then investigated the biological mechanism responsible for this reduced fractalkine expression and found that HIV-1 infection specifically blocks the interaction of transcription factor NF-κB on its promoter with no effect on other cytokines. Moreover, we demonstrated that fractalkine production in astrocytes is regulated in response to immune factors secreted by infected/activated microglia and macrophages. In contrast, we observed that conditioned media from these infected cells also trigger neuronal apoptosis. At last, we demonstrated a strong neuroprotective action of fractalkine on human neurons by reducing neuronal damages. Taken together, our results indicate new relevant interactions between HIV-1 and fractalkine signaling in the CNS. This study provides new information to broaden the understanding of HAND and possibly foresee new therapeutic strategies. Considering its neuro-protective functions, reducing its production from astrocytes could have important outcomes in chronic neuroinflammation and in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.
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Tetraspanins: useful multifunction proteins for the possible design and development of small-molecule therapeutic tools. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:56-68. [PMID: 33137483 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins constitute a well-conserved superfamily of four-span small membrane proteins (TM4SF), with >30 members in humans, with important roles in numerous mechanisms of cell biology. Moreover, tetraspanins associate with either specific partner proteins or another tetraspanin, generating a network of interactions involved in cell and membrane compartmentalization and having a role in cellular development, proliferation, activation, motility, and membrane fusions. Therefore, tetraspanins are considered regulators of cellular signaling and are often depicted as 'molecular facilitators'. In view of these many physiological functions, it is likely that these molecules are important actors in pathological processes. In this review, we present the main characteristics of this superfamily, providing a more detailed description of some significant representatives and discuss their relevance as potential targets for the design and development of small-molecule therapeutics in different pathologies.
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Karam J, Méresse S, Kremer L, Daher W. The roles of tetraspanins in bacterial infections. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13260. [PMID: 32902857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a wide family composed of 33 transmembrane proteins, are associated with different types of proteins through which they arbitrate important cellular processes such as fusion, adhesion, invasion, tissue differentiation and immunological responses. Tetraspanins share a comparable structural design, which consists of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains with cytoplasmic and extracellular loops. They cooperate with different proteins, including other tetraspanins, receptors or signalling proteins to compose functional complexes at the cell surface, designated tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). Increasing evidences establish that tetraspanins are exploited by numerous intracellular pathogens as a doorway for entering and replicating within human cells. Although previous surveys focused mainly on viruses and parasites, it is now becoming clear that bacteria interact with tetraspanins, using TEM as a "gateway" to infection. In this review, we examine the biological functions of tetraspanins that are relevant to bacterial infective procedures and consider the available data that reveal how different bacteria benefit from host cell tetraspanins in infection and in the pathogenesis of diseases. We will also emphasise the stimulating potentials of targeting tetraspanins for preventing bacterial infectious diseases, using specific neutralising antibodies or anti-adhesion peptide-based therapies. Such innovative therapeutic opportunities may deliver alternatives for fighting difficult-to-manage and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Karam
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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12
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Orinska Z, Hagemann PM, Halova I, Draber P. Tetraspanins in the regulation of mast cell function. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:531-543. [PMID: 32507938 PMCID: PMC7395004 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are long-living immune cells highly specialized in the storage and release of different biologically active compounds and are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. MC degranulation and replacement of MC granules are accompanied by active membrane remodelling. Tetraspanins represent an evolutionary conserved family of transmembrane proteins. By interacting with lipids and other membrane and intracellular proteins, they are involved in organisation of membrane protein complexes and act as "molecular facilitators" connecting extracellular and cytoplasmic signaling elements. MCs express different tetraspanins and MC degranulation is accompanied by changes in membrane organisation. Therefore, tetraspanins are very likely involved in the regulation of MC exocytosis and membrane reorganisation after degranulation. Antiviral response and production of exosomes are further aspects of MC function characterized by dynamic changes of membrane organization. In this review, we pay a particular attention to tetraspanin gene expression in different human and murine MC populations, discuss tetraspanin involvement in regulation of key MC signaling complexes, and analyze the potential contribution of tetraspanins to MC antiviral response and exosome production. In-depth knowledge of tetraspanin-mediated molecular mechanisms involved in different aspects of the regulation of MC response will be beneficial for patients with allergies, characterized by overwhelming MC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Orinska
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.
| | - Philipp M Hagemann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Koh WH, Lopez P, Ajibola O, Parvarchian R, Mohammad U, Hnatiuk R, Kindrachuk J, Murooka TT. HIV-Captured DCs Regulate T Cell Migration and Cell-Cell Contact Dynamics to Enhance Viral Spread. iScience 2020; 23:101427. [PMID: 32798973 PMCID: PMC7452485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-associated HIV-1 from the genital mucosa to lymphoid organs represents a critical first step toward systemic infection. Mature DCs capture and transmit HIV-1 to T cells, but insights into DC-to-T cell viral spread dynamics within a 3-dimensional environment is lacking. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mature DCs rapidly compartmentalize HIV-1 within surface-accessible invaginations near the uropod. HIV-1 capture did not interfere with DC migration toward lymph node homing chemo-attractants and their ability to enter lymphatic vessels. However, HIV-captured DCs engaged in prolonged contacts with autologous CD4+ T cells, which led to high T cell infection. Interestingly, we show that surface bound, virion-associated Env induced signal transduction in motile T cells that facilitated prolonged DC:T cell interactions, partially through high-affinity LFA-1 expression. Together, we describe a mechanism by which surface bound HIV-1 particles function as signaling receptors that regulate T cell motility, cell-cell contact dynamics, and productive infection. Mature DCs compartmentalize HIV particles near the uropodia via Siglec-1 receptor HIV-captured DCs respond to lymph node-homing chemokines and access lymphatics Prolonged contacts between HIV-captured DCs and CD4 T cells facilitate virus transfer Surface-accessible HIV particles can induce T cell signaling via Env:CD4 engagement
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hon Koh
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roshan Parvarchian
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Umar Mohammad
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ryan Hnatiuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
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14
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Perot BP, Ménager MM. Tetraspanin 7 and its closest paralog tetraspanin 6: membrane organizers with key functions in brain development, viral infection, innate immunity, diabetes and cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:427-436. [PMID: 32468130 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanin (TSPAN) protein family forms a family of transmembrane proteins that act as organizers/scaffold for other proteins. TSPANs are primarily present on plasma membranes although they are also found in other biological membranes. They are organized in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), which allow spatiotemporal tuning of protein functions through the control of their membrane localization. TSPAN6 and TSPAN7 are close paralogs expressed in different tissues, TSPAN7 being highly expressed in the brain. Their functions only started to be unveiled in the late 2000's and are still poorly understood. Here, we introduce how TSPAN7 was first highlighted has a protein mutated in some forms of X-linked mental retardation, which was later proposed to be caused by defects in neuronal morphogenesis and synaptic transmission. We then discuss the impacts TSPAN7 has on cell morphology of dendritic cells and osteoclasts, through rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and how TSPAN7 was shown to be a target of autoantibody in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes. Finally, we are addressing the double edge sword that is TSPAN7 in cancer. In the second part of this review, we address the known roles of TSPAN6 and how this protein was shown to participate in synaptic transmission and in amyloid precursor protein secretion, which may contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology. We conclude this review by discussing the anti-inflammatory effect of TSPAN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc P Perot
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR 1163, ATIP-Avenir Team, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël M Ménager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015, Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR 1163, ATIP-Avenir Team, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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15
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Benayas B, Sastre I, López-Martín S, Oo A, Kim B, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J, Yáñez-Mó M. Tetraspanin CD81 regulates HSV-1 infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:489-498. [PMID: 32500359 PMCID: PMC7271138 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Different members of the tetraspanin superfamily have been described to regulate different virus infectious cycles at several stages: viral entry, viral replication or virion exit or infectivity. In addition, tetraspanin CD81 regulates HIV reverse transcription through its association with the dNTP hydrolase SAMHD1. Here we aimed at analysing the role of CD81 in Herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity using a neuroblastoma cell model. For this purpose, we generated a CD81 KO cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Despite being CD81 a plasma membrane protein, CD81 KO cells showed no defects in viral entry nor in the expression of early protein markers. In contrast, glycoprotein B and C, which require viral DNA replication for their expression, were significantly reduced in CD81 KO infected cells. Indeed, HSV-1 DNA replication and the formation of new infectious particles were severely compromised in CD81 KO cells. We could not detect significant changes in SAMHD1 total expression levels, but a relocalization into endosomal structures was observed in CD81 KO cells. In summary, CD81 KO cells showed impaired viral DNA replication and produced greatly diminished viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Benayas
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Lab 412, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Bianconi V, Schiaroli E, Pirro M, Cardaci S, Busti C, Mannarino MR, Baldelli F, Francisci D. Effects of antiretroviral therapy on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9: focus on lipids, inflammation and immunovirological parameters. HIV Med 2020; 21:512-522. [PMID: 32496664 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a major regulator of cholesterol metabolism, have been reported to have an increasing trend in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with controls. We assessed the impact of different antiretroviral (ARV) regimens on plasma PCSK9 levels as well as plasma lipids, systemic inflammation and immunovirological parameters. METHODS Eighty HIV-positive ARV therapy (ART)-naïve PLWH and 40 uninfected controls were retrospectively enrolled. At baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after ART initiation, plasma PCSK9 levels, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 T-cell count were measured. RESULTS Baseline PCSK9 levels were significantly more elevated in PLWH and were associated with HIV-1 RNA levels (P < 0.001), CD4 T-cell counts (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.001), but not with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels. The prescription of ART was paralleled by significant decreases in plasma PCSK9 and hs-CRP levels, and increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a), independent of regimen. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 levels, along with systemic inflammation, were progressively reduced following the initiation of an effective ART. However, at the end of the study PCSK9 levels remained higher than in controls and did not correlate with any of the lipid variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Schiaroli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Cardaci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Busti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Baldelli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Francisci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Perot BP, García-Paredes V, Luka M, Ménager MM. Dendritic Cell Maturation Regulates TSPAN7 Function in HIV-1 Transfer to CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:70. [PMID: 32181159 PMCID: PMC7059179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) serve a key function in host defense, linking innate detection of microbes to activation of pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. DCs express cell surface receptors for HIV-1 entry, but are relatively resistant to productive viral replication. They do, however, facilitate infection of co-cultured T-helper cells through a process referred to as trans-infection. We previously showed that tetraspanin 7 (TSPAN7), a transmembrane protein, is involved, through positive regulation of actin nucleation, in the transfer of HIV-1 from the dendrites of immature monocyte-derived DCs (iMDDCs) to activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Various molecular mechanisms have been described regarding HIV-1 trans-infection and seem to depend on DC maturation status. We sought to investigate the crosstalk between DC maturation status, TSPAN7 expression and trans-infection. We followed trans-infection through co-culture of iMDDCs with CD4+ T lymphocytes, in the presence of CXCR4-tropic replicative-competent HIV-1 expressing GFP. T cell infection, DC maturation status and dendrite morphogenesis were assessed through time both by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Our previously described TSPAN7/actin nucleation-dependent mechanism of HIV-1 transfer appeared to be mostly observed during the first 20 h of co-culture experiments and to be independent of HIV replication. In the course of co-culture experiments, we observed a progressive maturation of MDDCs, correlated with a decrease in TSPAN7 expression, a drastic loss of dendrites and a change in the shape of DCs. A TSPAN7 and actin nucleation-independent mechanism of trans-infection, relying on HIV-1 replication, was then at play. We discovered that TSPAN7 expression is downregulated in response to different innate immune stimuli driving DC maturation, explaining the requirement for a TSPAN7/actin nucleation-independent mechanism of HIV transfer from mature MDDCs (mMDDCs) to T lymphocytes. As previously described, this mechanism relies on the capture of HIV-1 by the I-type lectin CD169/Siglec-1 on mMDDCs and the formation of a “big invaginated pocket” at the surface of DCs, both events being tightly regulated by DC maturation. Interestingly, in iMDDCs, although CD169/Siglec-1 can capture HIV-1, this capture does not lead to HIV-1 transfer to T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc P Perot
- Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Victor García-Paredes
- Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Inserm U1163, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël M Ménager
- Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Inserm U1163, Paris, France
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