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Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Cross-talk between leukemic and immune cells at the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An update review. Eur J Haematol 2024; 113:4-15. [PMID: 38698678 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature-type B cell malignancy correlated with significant changes and defects in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, together with a high dependency on the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CLL provides a supportive niche for leukemic cells to grow and survive, and interactions between CLL cells and the TME can contribute to disease progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, the increasing knowledge of the complicated interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, which is responsible for immune evasion and cancer progression, has provided an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline tumor microenvironment-driven contributions to the licensing of immune escape mechanisms in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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2
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Kabir A, Ullah K, Ali Kamboh A, Abubakar M, Shafiq M, Wang L. The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection: How the Virus Escapes from Immune Recognition and Elimination. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0013. [PMID: 38910298 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious and economically devastating pathogen that affects cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. FMDV infection causes vesicular lesions in the mouth, feet, and mammary glands, as well as severe systemic symptoms such as fever, salivation, and lameness. The pathogenesis of FMDV infection involves complex interactions between the virus and the host immune system, which determine the outcome of the disease. FMDV has evolved several strategies to evade immune recognition and elimination, such as antigenic variation, receptor switching, immune suppression, and subversion of innate and adaptive responses. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of FMDV infection and the mechanisms of immune evasion employed by the virus. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics against this important animal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kabir
- 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Kalim Ullah
- 2Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Research, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- 3Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Laboratories, NVL, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Wang
- 5Department of Dermatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Longgang, Shenzen, China
- 6Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzen, China
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3
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Aslam M, Alkheraije KA. The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1201578. [PMID: 37456961 PMCID: PMC10347409 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1201578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is listed among the highly contagious diseases in animals and is endemic throughout the Asian continent. The disease is caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and affects a wide variety of domesticated animals as well as wild ungulates. Clinically, the disease is described as a vesicular lesion on the tongue, muzzle, lips, gum, dental pad, interdigital cleft, coronary band, and heel of the foot. Sometimes these lesions give rise to lameness. Mastitis is also caused due to teat lesions. A biochemical test reveals that during FMD infection, there are elevated levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6, serum amyloid A protein, lactoferrin, mannose-binding lectin, and monocytes chemo-attractant protein-1 in the serum of infected animals. There is no specific treatment for FMD although some antivirals are given as prophylaxis and antibiotics are given to prevent secondary bacterial infection. This review presents comprehensive data on the prevalence of FMD and serotypes of FMDV that are attributable to the cause of FMD from a regional point of view. It also explains the worldwide dynamics of the seven serotypes of FMD and tries to identify epidemiological clusters of FMD in various geographical areas. Furthermore, the pathology associated with the foot and mouth disease virus along with the pathophysiology is discussed. The continent-wide prevalence and diversity patterns of FMD suggest that there is a need for stringent policies and legislation implementation regarding research and development aimed at manufacturing strain-specific vaccination, infection prevention, and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Systematic Evaluation of Antigenic Stimulation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Humoral Immunity as Biomarkers for Disease Evolution. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030891. [PMID: 36765855 PMCID: PMC9913429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Studies of CLL antibody reactivity have shown differential targets to autoantigens and antimicrobial molecular motifs that support the current hypothesis of CLL pathogenesis. METHODS In this study, we conducted a quantitative serum analysis of 7 immunoglobulins in CLL and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) patients (bead-suspension protein arrays) and a serological profile (IgG and IgM) study of autoantibodies and antimicrobial antigens (protein microarrays). RESULTS Significant differences in the IgA levels were observed according to disease progression and evolution as well as significant alterations in IgG1 according to IGHV mutational status. More representative IgG autoantibodies in the cohort were against nonmutagenic proteins and IgM autoantibodies were against vesicle proteins. Antimicrobial IgG and IgM were detected against microbes associated with respiratory tract infections. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative differences in immunoglobulin serum levels could be potential biomarkers for disease progression. In the top 5 tumoral antigens, we detected autoantibodies (IgM and IgG) against proteins related to cell homeostasis and metabolism in the studied cohort. The top 5 microbial antigens were associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections; moreover, the subsets with better prognostics were characterized by a reactivation of Cytomegalovirus. The viral humoral response could be a potential prognosis biomarker for disease progression.
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Khodashenas M, Rajabian A, Attaranzadeh A, Lavi Arab F, Allahyari N, Allahyari A. Evaluation of cytokine levels as possible predicting elements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:1364-1368. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Landeira-Viñuela A, Arias-Hidalgo C, Juanes-Velasco P, Alcoceba M, Navarro-Bailón A, Pedreira CE, Lecrevisse Q, Díaz-Muñoz L, Sánchez-Santos JM, Hernández ÁP, García-Vaquero ML, Góngora R, De Las Rivas J, González M, Orfao A, Fuentes M. Unravelling soluble immune checkpoints in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Physiological immunomodulators or immune dysfunction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965905. [PMID: 36248816 PMCID: PMC9554405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the accumulation of mature B cells. The diagnosis is established by the detection of monoclonal B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, even in early stages [monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBLhi)], and its clinical course is highly heterogeneous. In fact, there are well-characterized multiple prognostic factors that are also related to the observed genetic heterogenicity, such as immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status, del17p, and TP53 mutations, among others. Moreover, a dysregulation of the immune system (innate and adaptive immunity) has been observed in CLL patients, with strong impact on immune surveillance and consequently on the onset, evolution, and therapy response. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is highly complex and heterogeneous (i.e., matrix, fibroblast, endothelial cells, and immune cells), playing a critical role in the evolution of CLL. In this study, a quantitative profile of 103 proteins (cytokines, chemokines, growth/regulatory factors, immune checkpoints, and soluble receptors) in 67 serum samples (57 CLL and 10 MBLhi) has been systematically evaluated. Also, differential profiles of soluble immune factors that discriminate between MBLhi and CLL (sCD47, sCD27, sTIMD-4, sIL-2R, and sULBP-1), disease progression (sCD48, sCD27, sArginase-1, sLAG-3, IL-4, and sIL-2R), or among profiles correlated with other prognostic factors, such as IGHV mutational status (CXCL11/I-TAC, CXCL10/IP-10, sHEVM, and sLAG-3), were deciphered. These results pave the way to explore the role of soluble immune checkpoints as a promising source of biomarkers in CLL, to provide novel insights into the immune suppression process and/or dysfunction, mostly on T cells, in combination with cellular balance disruption and microenvironment polarization leading to tumor escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00233, Center Research-Centre Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL, IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Navarro-Bailón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00233, Center Research-Centre Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL, IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Eduardo Pedreira
- Systems and Computing Department Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia-Programa de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computação (COPPE-PESC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Díaz-Muñoz
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ángela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Organic Chemistry Section, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina L. García-Vaquero
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Góngora
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcos González
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00233, Center Research-Centre Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL, IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)- CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre-Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Salamanca (CSIC-USAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre-IBMCC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Fuentes,
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Rozovski U, Veletic I, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Manshouri T, Ferrajoli A, Burger JA, Bose P, Thompson PA, Jain N, Wierda WG, Verstovsek S, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT3 Activates the Pentraxin 3 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2847-2855. [PMID: 35595309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pentraxin-related protein 3 (PTX3), commonly produced by myeloid and endothelial cells, is a humoral pattern recognition protein of the innate immune system. Because PTX3 plasma levels of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are high and most circulating cells in patients with CLL are CLL cells, we reasoned that CLL cells produce PTX3. Western immunoblotting revealed that low-density cells from seven of seven patients with CLL produce high levels of PTX3, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the PTX3-producing cells are B lymphocytes coexpressing CD19 and CD5, and confocal microscopy showed that PTX3 is present in the cytoplasm of CLL cells. Because STAT3 is constitutively activated in CLL cells, and because we identified putative STAT3 binding sites within the PTX3 gene promoter, we postulated that phosphorylated STAT3 triggers transcriptional activation of PTX3. Immunoprecipitation analysis of CLL cells' chromatin fragments showed that STAT3 Abs precipitated PTX3 DNA. STAT3 knockdown induced a marked reduction in PTX3 expression, indicating a STAT3-induced transcriptional activation of the PTX3 gene in CLL cells. Using an EMSA, we established and used a dual-reporter luciferase assay to confirm that STAT3 binds the PTX3 gene promoter. Downregulation of PTX3 enhanced apoptosis of CLL cells, suggesting that inhibition of PTX3 might benefit patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Division of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; and.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Phillip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;
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Prabhakar SK, Ryu S, Jeong IC, Won DO. A Dual Level Analysis with Evolutionary Computing and Swarm Models for Classification of Leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2052061. [PMID: 35663047 PMCID: PMC9162867 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2052061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the major reasons of mortality in human beings is cancer, and there is an absolute necessity for doctors to identify and treat a person suffering from it. Leukemia is a group of blood cancers that usually originates in the bone marrow and results in very high number of abnormal cells. For the diagnosis of cancer, microarray data serves as an important clinical application and serves as a great aid to the entire medical community. The dimensionality of the microarray data is too high, and so selection of suitable genes is quite an important step for the improvement of data classification. Therefore, for the prediction and diagnosis of cancer, there is an utmost necessity to select the most informative genes. In this work, Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Multivariate Error Weight Uncorrelated Shrunken Centroid (EWUSC), and multivariate correlation-based feature selection (CFS) are chosen as initial feature selection techniques. Then, to select the most informative genes, five different kinds of evolutionary optimization techniques too are incorporated here such as African Buffalo Optimization (ABO), Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABCO), Cockroach Swarm Optimization (CSO), Imperialist Competitive Optimization (ICO), and Social Spider Optimization (SSO). Finally, the optimized values are fed through classification process and the best results are obtained when multivariate CFS with SSO is utilized and classified with Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and a high classification accuracy of 95.70% is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Prabhakar
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Ryu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In cheol Jeong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ok Won
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Naylor-Adamson L, Chacko AR, Booth Z, Caserta S, Jarvis J, Khan S, Hart SP, Rivero F, Allsup DJ, Arman M. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Impair FcγRIIA-Driven Platelet Responses to Bacteria in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766272. [PMID: 34912339 PMCID: PMC8667317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and infection risk increases in patients treated with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, ibrutinib. Btk and related kinases (like Tec) are expressed in non-leukemic hematopoietic cells and can be targeted by ibrutinib. In platelets, ibrutinib therapy is associated with bleeding complications mostly due to off-target effects. But the ability of platelets to respond to bacteria in CLL, and the potential impact of ibrutinib on platelet innate immune functions remain unknown. FcγRIIA is a tyrosine kinase-dependent receptor critical for platelet activation in response to IgG-coated pathogens. Crosslinking of this receptor with monoclonal antibodies causes downstream activation of Btk and Tec in platelets, however, this has not been investigated in response to bacteria. We asked whether ibrutinib impacts on FcγRIIA-mediated activation of platelets derived from CLL patients and healthy donors after exposure to Staphylococcus aureus Newman and Escherichia coli RS218. Platelet aggregation, α-granule secretion and integrin αIIbβ3-dependent scavenging of bacteria were detected in CLL platelets but impaired in platelets from ibrutinib-treated patients and in healthy donor-derived platelets exposed to ibrutinib in vitro. While levels of surface FcγRIIA remained unaffected, CLL platelets had reduced expression of integrin αIIbβ3 and GPVI compared to controls regardless of therapy. In respect of intracellular signaling, bacteria induced Btk and Tec phosphorylation in both CLL and control platelets that was inhibited by ibrutinib. To address if Btk is essential for platelet activation in response to bacteria, platelets derived from X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients (lacking functional Btk) were exposed to S. aureus Newman and E. coli RS218, and FcγRIIA-dependent aggregation was observed. Our data suggest that ibrutinib impairment of FcγRIIA-mediated platelet activation by bacteria results from a combination of Btk and Tec inhibition, although off-target effects on additional kinases cannot be discarded. This is potentially relevant to control infection-risk in CLL patients and, thus, future studies should carefully evaluate the effects of CLL therapies, including Btk inhibitors with higher specificity for Btk, on platelet-mediated immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Naylor-Adamson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha R Chacko
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Booth
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Caserta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Jarvis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Sujoy Khan
- Department of Immunology & Allergy, Queens Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Hart
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Rivero
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - David J Allsup
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, Queens Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mònica Arman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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10
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Interleukin (IL)-9 Supports the Tumor-Promoting Environment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246301. [PMID: 34944921 PMCID: PMC8699356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin 9 (IL-9), a soluble factor secreted by immune cells, has been found in several tumor niches where, depending on the specific tumor type, it either promotes or counteracts tumor development. Recently, IL-9 has been implicated in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the roles of IL-9 in disease, with a focus on its implication in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Abstract Interleukin (IL)-9 is a soluble factor secreted by immune cells into the microenvironment. Originally identified as a mediator of allergic responses, IL-9 has been detected in recent years in several tumor niches. In solid tumors, it mainly promotes anti-tumor immune responses, while in hematologic malignancies, it sustains the growth and survival of neoplastic cells. IL-9 has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its contribution to this complex neoplasia are still unclear. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of IL-9 in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Landeira-Viñuela A, Díez P, Juanes-Velasco P, Lécrevisse Q, Orfao A, De Las Rivas J, Fuentes M. Deepening into Intracellular Signaling Landscape through Integrative Spatial Proteomics and Transcriptomics in a Lymphoma Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1776. [PMID: 34944421 PMCID: PMC8699084 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Proteome Project (HPP) presents a systematic characterization of the protein landscape under different conditions using several complementary-omic techniques (LC-MS/MS proteomics, affinity proteomics, transcriptomics, etc.). In the present study, using a B-cell lymphoma cell line as a model, comprehensive integration of RNA-Seq transcriptomics, MS/MS, and antibody-based affinity proteomics (combined with size-exclusion chromatography) (SEC-MAP) were performed to uncover correlations that could provide insights into protein dynamics at the intracellular level. Here, 5672 unique proteins were systematically identified by MS/MS analysis and subcellular protein extraction strategies (neXtProt release 2020-21, MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003939). Moreover, RNA deep sequencing analysis of this lymphoma B-cell line identified 19,518 expressed genes and 5707 protein coding genes (mapped to neXtProt). Among these data sets, 162 relevant proteins (targeted by 206 antibodies) were systematically analyzed by the SEC-MAP approach, providing information about PTMs, isoforms, protein complexes, and subcellular localization. Finally, a bioinformatic pipeline has been designed and developed for orthogonal integration of these high-content proteomics and transcriptomics datasets, which might be useful for comprehensive and global characterization of intracellular protein profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Quentin Lécrevisse
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Roy U. Comparative structural analyses of selected spike protein-RBD mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lineages. Immunol Res 2021; 70:143-151. [PMID: 34782989 PMCID: PMC8592829 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 has been observed throughout the world as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally claimed more than 2 million lives and left a devastating impact worldwide. Recently several virulent mutant strains of this virus, such as the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 lineages, have emerged with initial predominance in UK, South Africa, and Brazil. Another extremely pathogenic B.1.617 lineage and its sub-lineages, first detected in India, are now affecting some countries at notably stronger spread-rates. The present paper computationally examines the time-based structures of B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 lineages with selected spike protein mutations. The mutations in the more recently found B.1.617 lineage and its sub-lineages are explored, and the implications for multiple point mutations of the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) are described. The selected S1 mutations within the highly contagious B.1.617.2 sub-lineage, also known as the delta variant, are examined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5820, USA.
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13
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Hiremath IS, Goel A, Warrier S, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Garg M. The multidimensional role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human malignancies. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:199-238. [PMID: 34431086 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways have been identified as important for developmental processes. One of such important cascades is the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which can regulate various physiological processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration; while its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions especially cancers. Interestingly, deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to be closely associated with initiation, progression, metastasis, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and drug resistance in human malignancies. Moreover, several genetic and experimental models support the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to answer the key issues related to cancer development. The present review focuses on different regulators of Wnt pathway and how distinct mutations, deletion, and amplification in these regulators could possibly play an essential role in the development of several cancers such as colorectal, melanoma, breast, lung, and leukemia. Additionally, we also provide insights on diverse classes of inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which are currently in preclinical and clinical trial against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita S Hiremath
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Manesar, Haryana, India
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Chen P, Liu Y, Zhang R, Wang H, Zhang J, Guo M, Du Z. Adaptive immunity-related gene expression profile is correlated with clinical phenotype in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:939. [PMID: 34350254 PMCID: PMC8263877 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and lethal hematopoietic malignancy that is highly dependent on the immune microenvironment. However, light has yet to be shed on the landscape of adaptive immunity-related genes. This work aimed to uncover the novel molecular events in AML and potential therapeutic strategies for AML treatment. Methods For the current research, the transcriptional information of 732 genes that participate in adaptive immunity was collected from 173 patients with AML, and the patients were grouped into different cohorts based on the different expression patterns. The correlations between gene expression and clinical characteristics, including prognosis, were studied. Results According to the notably different expressions of adaptive immunity-related genes, the 173 patients were divided into 2 clusters and 3 subclusters. No significant differences in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) were detected between the clusters or subclusters. There were obvious discrepancies found in age, peripheral blood (PB) blast percentage, and French-American-British (FAB) classification between each cluster or subcluster. The patients in cluster 1 were older and more of them had M5 type; the patients in cluster 2 were younger and more of them had M2 type. Further, 81 genes were significantly correlated with age and 101 genes were significantly correlated with PB blast percentage. Comparison of the prognosis between each FAB type revealed that patients with M3 type displayed the most favorable OS and PFS. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), CLEC2B expression was much lower in M2 patients than in patients with other types (P<0.001), and its high expression indicated a worse outcome (12.4 vs. 46.5 months of OS). Conclusions This study has uncovered the expression profile of adaptive immunity-related genes in AML. The different gene expression patterns are not associated with survival, but are significantly correlated the FAB types. CLEC2B expression is low in patients with M2 type and is negatively correlated with prognosis, thus revealing a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlan Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Bayi Children's Hospital, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failure, Beijing, China
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15
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Mattos EBDA, Pereira PR, Mérida LAD, Corrêa ACNTF, Freire MPV, Paschoalin VMF, Teixeira GAPB, Pinho MDFB, Verícimo MA. Taro Lectin Can Act as a Cytokine-Mimetic Compound, Stimulating Myeloid and T Lymphocyte Lineages and Protecting Progenitors in Murine Bone Marrow. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030350. [PMID: 33800086 PMCID: PMC8001523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) corm is traditionally consumed as a medicinal plant to stimulate immune responses and restore a health status. Tarin, a taro lectin, is considered responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of taro. In the present study, in order to investigate the effects of tarin on bone marrow hematopoietic population, murine cells were stimulated with tarin combined with a highly enriched conditioned medium containing either IL-3 or GM-CSF. Cells challenged with tarin proliferated in a dose-dependent manner, evidenced by the increase in cell density and number of clusters and colonies. Tarin exhibited a cytokine-mimetic effect similar to IL-3 and GM-CSF, increasing granulocytic cell lineage percentages, demonstrated by an increase in the relative percentage of Gr-1+ cells. Tarin does not increase lymphocytic lineages, but phenotyping revealed that the relative percentage of CD3+ cells was increased with a concomitant decrease in CD19+ and IL-7Rα+ cells. Most bone marrow cells were stained with tarin-FITC, indicating non-selective tarin binding, a phenomenon that must still be elucidated. In conclusion, taro corms contain an immunomodulatory lectin able to boost the immune system by promoting myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bertozzi de Aquino Mattos
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
| | - Lyris Anunciata Demétrio Mérida
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Anna Carolina Nitzsche Teixeira Fernandes Corrêa
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
| | - Maria Paula Vigna Freire
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-3938-7362
| | - Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Brandão Pinho
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maurício Afonso Verícimo
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
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Li K, Wang C, Yang F, Cao W, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Virus-Host Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:571509. [PMID: 33717061 PMCID: PMC7952751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD that can spread rapidly by direct and indirect transmission. FMDV is internalized into host cell by the interaction between FMDV capsid proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades into the cells, the host antiviral system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the virus and remove the virus. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate host machine and circumvent the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against virus infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. This review elaborates on the virus-host interactions during FMDV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FMD, and we hope it can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of FMD and other diseases caused by picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Griggio V, Perutelli F, Salvetti C, Boccellato E, Boccadoro M, Vitale C, Coscia M. Immune Dysfunctions and Immune-Based Therapeutic Interventions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594556. [PMID: 33312177 PMCID: PMC7708380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by a wide range of tumor-induced alterations, which affect both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, and accumulate during disease progression. In recent years, the development of targeted therapies, such as the B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors and the Bcl-2 protein inhibitor venetoclax, has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of CLL. Despite their remarkable anti-tumor activity, targeted agents have some limitations, which include the development of drug resistance mechanisms and the inferior efficacy observed in high-risk patients. Therefore, additional treatments are necessary to obtain deeper responses and overcome drug resistance. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which exploits immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effect to eradicate tumor cells, currently represents the only potentially curative therapeutic option for CLL patients. However, due to its potential toxicities, HSCT can be offered only to a restricted number of younger and fit patients. The growing understanding of the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system, which is responsible for immune escape mechanisms and tumor progression, has paved the way for the development of novel immune-based strategies. Despite promising preclinical observations, results from pilot clinical studies exploring the safety and efficacy of novel immune-based therapies have been sometimes suboptimal in terms of long-term tumor control. Therefore, further advances to improve their efficacy are needed. In this context, possible approaches include an earlier timing of immunotherapy within the treatment sequencing, as well as the possibility to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents by administering them in combination with other anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of main immune defects affecting patients with CLL, also describing the complex networks leading to immune evasion and tumor progression. From the therapeutic standpoint, we will go through the evolution of immune-based therapeutic approaches over time, including i) agents with broad immunomodulatory effects, such as immunomodulatory drugs, ii) currently approved and next-generation monoclonal antibodies, and iii) immunotherapeutic strategies aiming at activating or administering immune effector cells specifically targeting leukemic cells (e.g. bi-or tri-specific antibodies, tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and checkpoint inhibitors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Largeaud L, Ribes A, Dubois-Galopin F, Mémier V, Rolland Y, Gaudin C, Rousset D, Geeraerts T, Noel-Savina E, Rieu JB, Vergez F. Major rise of a chronic lymphoid leukemia clone during the course of COVID-19. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:e82-e83. [PMID: 33161639 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Largeaud
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Ribes
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Vincent Mémier
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Gaudin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David Rousset
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elise Noel-Savina
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rieu
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Wu Z, Chen H, Luo W, Zhang H, Li G, Zeng F, Deng F. The Landscape of Immune Cells Infiltrating in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:517637. [PMID: 33194581 PMCID: PMC7658630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.517637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to explore the infiltration pattern of immune cells in the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment and evaluate the possibility of specific infiltrating immune cells as potential prognostic biomarkers in PCa. Methods Infiltrating percentage of 22 immune cells were extracted from 27 normalized datasets by CIBERSORT algorithm. Samples with CIBERSORT p-value < 0.05 were subsequently merged and divided into normal or tumor groups. The differences of 22 immune cells between normal and tumor tissues were analyzed along with potential infiltrating correlations among 22 immune cells and Gleason grades. SNV data from TCGA was used to calculate the TMB score. A univariate and multivariate regression were used to evaluate the prognostic effects of immune cells in PCa. Results Ten immune cells with significant differences were identified, including seven increased and three decreased infiltrating immune cells from 190 normal prostate tissues and 537 PCa tissues. Among them, the percentage of infiltration of resting NK cells increased the most, whereas the percentage of infiltration of resting mast cells decreased the most. In normal tissues, CD8+ T cells had the strongest infiltrating correlation with monocytes, while activated NK cells and naive B cells were the highest in PCa tissues. Moreover, the infiltration of five immune cells was significantly associated with TMB score and mutations of immune gene change the infiltration of immune cells. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of the multivariate regression model for the five- and 10-year survival prediction of PCa reached 0.796 and 0.862. The validation cohort proved that the model was reproducible. Conclusions This study demonstrated that different infiltrating immune cells in prostate cancer, especially higher infiltrating M1 macrophages and neutrophils in PCa tissue, are associated with patients’ prognosis, suggesting that these two immune cells might be potential targets for PCa diagnosis and prognosis of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanyun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Wnt Signaling in the Regulation of Immune Cell and Cancer Therapeutics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111380. [PMID: 31684152 PMCID: PMC6912555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the important pathways to play a major role in various biological processes, such as embryonic stem-cell development, tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, and immune cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that Wnt signaling performs an essential function in immune cell modulation and counteracts various disorders. Nonetheless, the emerging role and mechanism of action of this signaling cascade in immune cell regulation, as well as its involvement in various cancers, remain debatable. The Wnt signaling in immune cells is very diverse, e.g., the tolerogenic role of dendritic cells, the development of natural killer cells, thymopoiesis of T cells, B-cell-driven initiation of T-cells, and macrophage actions in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current therapeutic targets in (and the prospects of) Wnt signaling, as well as the potential suitability of available modulators for the development of cancer immunotherapies. Although there are several Wnt inhibitors relevant to cancer, it would be worthwhile to extend this approach to immune cells.
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22
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Li QF, He XY, Xin T. [Role of the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21. [PMID: 31642436 PMCID: PMC7389733 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis, as well as the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in children. METHODS A total of 62 children who were diagnosed with tuberculosis from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as the case group, and 64 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Peripheral venous blood samples with a volume of 2 mL were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway (receptors Notch1-4, ligands Jagged1/2 and DLL1/3/4, and downstream target genes Hes1 and Hey1) in leukocytes. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the case group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, and DLL4 in leukocytes (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of Notch3/4, Jagged1/2, DLL1/3, Hes1, and Hey1 between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are significant increases in the mRNA expression of Notch1/2 and DLL4 in children with tuberculosis, while there are no significant changes in the expression of downstream target genes, suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway, which is activated by the interaction between Notch1/2 and DLL4 after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, may play a role in childhood tuberculosis by acting on other target genes, and further studies are needed for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Feng Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China.
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Castillo D, Galvez JM, Herrera LJ, Rojas F, Valenzuela O, Caba O, Prados J, Rojas I. Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212127. [PMID: 30753220 PMCID: PMC6372182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Galvez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J. Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Valenzuela
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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