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Cain CL, White E, Citron LE, Zheng Q, Morris DO, Grice EA, Bradley CW. Longitudinal evaluation of the cutaneous and rectal microbiota of German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas undergoing therapy with ciclosporin and ketoconazole. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:375-385. [PMID: 38616572 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perianal fistulas are painful ulcers or sinus tracts that disproportionately affect German shepherd dogs and are proposed as a spontaneous animal model of fistulising Crohn's disease. OBJECTIVES To characterise the rectal and cutaneous microbiota in German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas and to investigate longitudinal shifts with lesion resolution during immunomodulatory therapy. ANIMALS Eleven German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas and 15 healthy German shepherd dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Affected dogs were evaluated and swabbed at three visits, 30 days apart, while undergoing treatment with ciclosporin and ketoconazole. Healthy German shepherd dogs were contemporaneously sampled. Sites included the rectum, perianal skin and axilla. The microbiome was evaluated following sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. RESULTS Alpha diversity was not significantly different between healthy and affected dogs at each of the three body sites (p > 0.5), yet rectal and perianal beta diversities from affected dogs differed significantly from those of healthy dogs at Day 0 (p = 0.004). Rectal and perianal relative abundance of Prevotella spp. increased and perianal Staphylococcus spp. relative abundance decreased in affected dogs over time, coincident with lesion resolution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in lesional cutaneous and rectal microbiota occur in German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas and shift over time with lesion resolution during immunomodulatory therapy. Further investigations of the role of cutaneous and enteric microbiota in the pathogenesis of perianal fistulas, and whether manipulation of microbial populations may ameliorate disease, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen White
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsey E Citron
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles W Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Montgomery TL, Wang Q, Mirza A, Dwyer D, Wu Q, Dowling CA, Martens JWS, Yang J, Krementsov DN, Mao-Draayer Y. Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15292. [PMID: 38961134 PMCID: PMC11222390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Clinical presentation and disease course are highly heterogeneous. Typically, disease progression occurs over time and is characterized by the gradual accumulation of disability. The risk of developing MS is driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. How the commensal gut microbiota impacts disease severity and progression over time remains unknown. In a longitudinal study, disability status and associated clinical features in 58 MS patients were tracked over 4.2 ± 0.98 years, and the baseline fecal gut microbiome was characterized via 16S amplicon sequencing. Progressor status, defined as patients with an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were correlated with features of the gut microbiome to determine candidate microbiota associated with risk of MS disease progression. We found no overt differences in microbial community diversity and overall structure between MS patients exhibiting disease progression and non-progressors. However, a total of 41 bacterial species were associated with worsening disease, including a marked depletion in Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospiraceae, with an expansion of Alloprevotella, Prevotella-9, and Rhodospirillales. Analysis of the metabolic potential of the inferred metagenome from taxa associated with progression revealed enrichment in oxidative stress-inducing aerobic respiration at the expense of microbial vitamin K2 production (linked to Akkermansia), and a depletion in SCFA metabolism (linked to Oscillospiraceae). Further, as a proof of principle, statistical modeling demonstrated that microbiota composition and clinical features were sufficient to predict disease progression. Additionally, we found that constipation, a frequent gastrointestinal comorbidity among MS patients, exhibited a divergent microbial signature compared with progressor status. These results demonstrate a proof of principle for the utility of the gut microbiome for predicting disease progression in MS in a small well-defined cohort. Further, analysis of the inferred metagenome suggested that oxidative stress, vitamin K2, and SCFAs are associated with progression, warranting future functional validation and mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ali Mirza
- Pharmacoepidemiology in Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Deanna Dwyer
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine A Dowling
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob W S Martens
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Schumacher SM, Doyle WJ, Hill K, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38817090 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by a host immune reaction that targets and destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS and correlating animal disease models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption and alterations of the commensal microbiome. It is accepted that diet plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiota composition and overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition and neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. Unfortunately, poor host health and diet lead to microbiota modifications that could lead to significant responses in the host, including inflammation and neurobehavioral changes. Beneficial microbial metabolites are essential for host homeostasis and inflammation control. This review will highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of host inflammatory responses in MS and MS animal models. Additionally, microbial community restoration and how it affects MS and GI barrier integrity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
| | - Kristina Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, ID, USA
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Tian H, Huang D, Wang J, Li H, Gao J, Zhong Y, Xia L, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. The role of the "gut microbiota-mitochondria" crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404995. [PMID: 38741740 PMCID: PMC11089144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Similarly, a large body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may also have a significant impact on the development of MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found that human mitochondria are microbial in origin and share similar biological characteristics with the gut microbiota. Therefore, gut microbiota and mitochondrial function crosstalk are relevant in the development of MS. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the development of MS is not fully understood. Therefore, by synthesizing previous relevant literature, this paper focuses on the changes in gut microbiota and metabolite composition in the development of MS and the possible mechanisms of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the progression of MS, to provide new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or reduction of MS based on this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libin Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincia Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Fang M, Liu W, Wang Z, Li J, Hu S, Li Z, Chen W, Zhang N. Causal associations between gut microbiota with intervertebral disk degeneration, low back pain, and sciatica: a Mendelian randomization study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:1424-1439. [PMID: 38285276 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although studies have suggested that gut microbiota may be associated with intervertebral disk disease, their causal relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways with the risk of intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD), low back pain (LBP), and sciatica. METHODS Genetic variation data for 211 gut microbiota taxa at the phylum to genus level were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium. Genetic variation data for 105 taxa at the species level and 205 metabolic pathways were obtained from the Dutch Microbiome Project. Genetic variation data for disease outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. The causal relationships between the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways and the risk of IVDD, LBP, and sciatica were evaluated via Mendelian randomization (MR). The robustness of the results was assessed through sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Inverse variance weighting identified 46 taxa and 33 metabolic pathways that were causally related to IVDD, LBP, and sciatica. After correction by weighted median and MR-PRESSO, 15 taxa and nine pathways remained stable. After FDR correction, only the effect of the genus_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group on IVDD remained stable. Sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, or reverse causation. CONCLUSION Some microbial taxa and their metabolic pathways are causally related to IVDD, LBP, and sciatica and may serve as potential intervention targets. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated development of intervertebral disk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojie Fang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, N1 Shangcheng Road, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, 310009, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Olejnik P, Buczma K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Kasarełło K. Involvement of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis-review of a new pathophysiological hypothesis and potential treatment target. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09471-y. [PMID: 38446328 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to demyelination and damage to the central nervous system. It is well known, the significance of the involvement and influence of the immune system in the development and course of MS. Nowadays, more and more studies are demonstrating that an important factor that affects the action of the immune system is the gut microbiota. Changes in the composition and interrelationships in the gut microbiota have a significant impact on the course of MS. Dysbiosis affects the disease course mainly by influencing the immune system directly but also by modifying the secreted metabolites and increasing mucosal permeability. The essential metabolites affecting the course of MS are short-chain fatty acids, which alter pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the immune system but also increase the permeability of the intestinal wall and the blood-brain barrier. Dietary modification alone can have a significant impact on MS. Based on these interactions, new treatments for MS are being developed, including probiotics administration, supplementation of bacterial metabolites, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary changes. Further studies may serve to develop new drugs and therapeutic approaches for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olejnik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasper Buczma
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarełło
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Pistol GC, Pertea AM, Taranu I. The Use of Fruit and Vegetable by-Products as Enhancers of Health Status of Piglets after Weaning: The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Apple and Carrot Industrial Wastes. Vet Sci 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 38250921 PMCID: PMC10820549 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
At weaning, piglets are exposed to a large variety of stressors, from environmental/behavioral factors to nutritional stress. Weaning transition affects the gastrointestinal tract especially, resulting in specific disturbances at the level of intestinal morphology, barrier function and integrity, mucosal immunity and gut microbiota. All these alterations are associated with intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and perturbation of intracellular signaling pathways. The nutritional management of the weaning period aims to achieve the reinforcement of intestinal integrity and functioning to positively modulate the intestinal immunity and that of the gut microbiota and to enhance the health status of piglets. That is why the current research is focused on the raw materials rich in phytochemicals which could positively modulate animal health. The composition analysis of fruit, vegetable and their by-products showed that identified phytochemicals could act as bioactive compounds, which can be used as modulators of weaning-induced disturbances in piglets. This review describes nutritional studies which investigated the effects of bioactive compounds derived from fruit (apple) and vegetables (carrot) or their by-products on the intestinal architecture and function, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the intestinal level. Data on the associated signaling pathways and on the microbiota modulation by bioactive compounds from these by-products are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research—Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (I.T.)
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Del Negro I, Pez S, Versace S, Marziali A, Gigli GL, Tereshko Y, Valente M. Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:6. [PMID: 38276041 PMCID: PMC10818907 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated, demyelinating disease whose pathogenesis remains to be defined. In past years, in consideration of a constantly growing number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the impacts of different environmental factors in the pathogenesis of the disease have been largely studied. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and intestinal barrier permeability have been suggested to play an essential role in the regulation of autoimmunity. Thus, increased efforts are being conducted to demonstrate the complex interplay between gut homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Numerous results confirm that disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used for the treatment of MS, in addition to their immunomodulatory effect, could exert an impact on the intestinal microbiota, contributing to the modulation of the immune response itself. However, to date, the direct influence of these treatments on the microbiota is still unclear. This review intends to underline the impact of DMTs on the complex system of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Negro
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Pez
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Versace
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marziali
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yan Tereshko
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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9
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Kujawa D, Laczmanski L, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Podbielska M. Targeting gut microbiota: new therapeutic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2274126. [PMID: 37979154 PMCID: PMC10730225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes long-lasting, multifocal damage to the central nervous system. The complex background of MS is associated with autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration processes, and is potentially affected by many contributing factors, including altered composition and function of the gut microbiota. In this review, current experimental and clinical evidence is presented for the characteristics of gut dysbiosis found in MS, as well as for its relevant links with the course of the disease and the dysregulated immune response and metabolic pathways involved in MS pathology. Furthermore, therapeutic implications of these investigations are discussed, with a range of pharmacological, dietary and other interventions targeted at the gut microbiome and thus intended to have beneficial effects on the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Laczmanski
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Podbielska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zheng C, Zhong Y, Xie J, Wang Z, Zhang W, Pi Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Luo J, Xu W. Bacteroides acidifaciens and its derived extracellular vesicles improve DSS-induced colitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304232. [PMID: 38098663 PMCID: PMC10720640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction "Probiotic therapy" to regulate gut microbiota and intervene in intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a research hotspot. Bacteroides acidifaciens, as a new generation of probiotics, has shown beneficial effects on various diseases. Methods In this study, we utilized a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to investigate how B. acidifaciens positively affects IBD. We evaluated the effects ofB. acidifaciens, fecal microbiota transplantation, and bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) on DSS-induced colitis in mice. We monitored the phenotype of mouse colitis, detected serum inflammatory factors using ELISA, evaluated intestinal mucosal barrier function using Western blotting and tissue staining, evaluated gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing, and analyzed differences in EVs protein composition derived from B. acidifaciens using proteomics to explore how B. acidifaciens has a positive impact on mouse colitis. Results We confirmed that B. acidifaciens has a protective effect on colitis, including alleviating the colitis phenotype, reducing inflammatory response, and improving intestinal barrier function, accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of B. acidifaciens and Ruminococcus callidus but a decrease in the relative abundance of B. fragilis. Further fecal bacterial transplantation or fecal filtrate transplantation confirmed the protective effect of eosinophil-regulated gut microbiota and metabolites on DSS-induced colitis. Finally, we validated that EVs derived from B. acidifaciens contain rich functional proteins that can contribute to the relief of colitis. Conclusion Therefore, B. acidifaciens and its derived EVs can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by reducing mucosal damage to colon tissue, reducing inflammatory response, promoting mucosal barrier repair, restoring gut microbiota diversity, and restoring gut microbiota balance in mice. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the preclinical application of the new generation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuchun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiming Pi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Wu W, Zhao Z, Zhao Z, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Fang Z, Bai Y, Guo X. Structure, Health Benefits, Mechanisms, and Gut Microbiota of Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4901. [PMID: 38068759 PMCID: PMC10708504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) are important active polysaccharides found in Dendrobium officinale, which is commonly used as a conventional food or herbal medicine and is well known in China. DOPs can influence the composition of the gut microbiota and the degradation capacity of these symbiotic bacteria, which in turn may determine the efficacy of dietary interventions. However, the necessary analysis of the relationship between DOPs and the gut microbiota is lacking. In this review, we summarize the extraction, structure, health benefits, and related mechanisms of DOPs, construct the DOPs-host axis, and propose that DOPs are potential prebiotics, mainly composed of 1,4-β-D-mannose, 1,4-β-D-glucose, and O-acetate groups, which induce an increase in the abundance of gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Prevotella. In addition, we found that when exposed to DOPs with different structural properties, the gut microbiota may exhibit different diversity and composition and provide health benefits, such as metabolism regulations, inflammation modulation, immunity moderation, and cancer intervention. This may contribute to facilitating the development of functional foods and health products to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhaoer Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Zhengyi Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Yiling Bai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.W.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (D.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.B.)
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12
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Mäkinen AI, Pappalardo VY, Buijs MJ, Brandt BW, Mäkitie AA, Meurman JH, Zaura E. Salivary microbiome profiles of oral cancer patients analyzed before and after treatment. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:171. [PMID: 37542310 PMCID: PMC10403937 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) introduces new ecological environments in the oral cavity. This is expected to cause changes in the oral microbiome. The purpose of this study was to gain new information on the salivary microbiome of OSCC patients in order to improve the aftercare of OSCC patients. The aims of this study were to investigate possible changes in the salivary microbiome profiles of OSCC patients before and after cancer treatment and to compare these changes with the profiles of healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and the salivary flow rate was measured from 99 OSCC patients prior to surgical resection of the tumor and other adjuvant therapy. After treatment, 28 OSCC patients were re-examined with a mean follow-up time of 48 months. In addition, 101 healthy controls were examined and sampled. After DNA extraction and purification, the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The merged read pairs were denoised using UNOISE3, mapped to zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs), and the representative zOTU sequences were assigned a taxonomy using HOMD. Descriptive statistics were used to study the differences in the microbial profiles of OSCC patients before and after treatment and in comparison to healthy controls. RESULTS At baseline, the OSCC patients showed a higher relative abundance of zOTUs classified as Streptococcus anginosus, Abiotrophia defectiva, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The microbial profiles differed significantly between OSCC patients and healthy controls (F = 5.9, p < 0.001). Alpha diversity of the salivary microbiome of OSCC patients was decreased at the follow-up, and the microbial profiles differed significantly from the pre-treatment (p < 0.001) and from that of healthy controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS OSCC patients' salivary microbiome profile had a higher abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria compared to healthy controls. Treatment of the OSCC caused a significant decrease in alpha diversity and increase in variability of the salivary microbiome, which was still evident after several years of follow-up. OSCC patients may benefit from preventive measures, such as the use of pre- or probiotics, salivary substitutes, or dietary counseling. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Mäkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Y. Pappalardo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antti A. Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka H. Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang J, Zhao X, Zhou R, Wang M, Xiang W, You Z, Li M, Tang R, Zheng J, Li J, Zhu L, Gao J, Li H, Pang R, Zhang A. Gut microbiota and transcriptome dynamics in every-other-day fasting are associated with neuroprotection in rats with spinal cord injury. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206909. [PMID: 37577426 PMCID: PMC10417830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Every-other-day fasting (EODF) is a classical intermittent fasting (IF) mode with neuroprotective effects that promotes motor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. However, its dynamic effects on the gut microbiota and spinal cord transcriptome remain unknown. Methods In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and RNA-seq analysis were used to investigate the effects of ad libitum (AL) and EODF dietary modes on the structural characteristics of rat gut microbiota in rats and the spinal cord transcriptome at various time points after SCI induction. Results Our results showed that both dietary modes affected the bacterial community composition in SCI rats, with EODF treatment inducing and suppressing dynamic changes in the abundances of potentially anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched after EODF intervention in SCI rats were associated with various biological events, including immune inflammatory response, cell differentiation, protein modification, neural growth, and apoptosis. In particular, significant spatiotemporal differences were apparent in the DEGs associated with neuroprotection between the EODF and AL interventions. These DGEs were mainly focused on days 1, 3, and 7 after SCI. The relative abundance of certain genera was significantly correlated with DEGs associated with neuroprotective effects in the EODF-SCI group. Discussion Our results showed that EODF treatment may exert neuroprotective effects by modulating the transcriptome expression profile following SCI in rats. Furthermore, gut microbiota may be partially involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Rehabilitation and Wellness Care Centre, Tian Fu College of Swufe, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong You
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiling Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqi Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kim WK, Min SG, Kwon H, Park S, Jo MJ, Ko G. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 Ameliorates Gut Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. J Microbiol 2023; 61:673-682. [PMID: 37314676 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp., well-known probiotics, ameliorate IBD symptoms via various mechanisms, including modulation of cytokine production, restoration of gut tight junction activity and normal mucosal thickness, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) KBL2290 from the feces of a healthy Korean individual to mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) + phosphate-buffered saline control group, the DSS + L. rhamnosus KBL2290 group evidenced significant improvements in colitis symptoms, including restoration of body weight and colon length, and decreases in the disease activity and histological scores, particularly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 modulated the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines and markers of inflammation; increased regulatory T cell numbers; and restored tight junction activity in the mouse colon. The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Bilophila, and Prevotella increased significantly, as did the levels of butyrate and propionate (the major short-chain fatty acids). Therefore, oral L. rhamnosus KBL2290 may be a useful novel probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Gyu Min
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeun Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Jo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Montgomery TL, Wang Q, Mirza A, Dwyer D, Wu Q, Dowling CA, Martens JW, Yang J, Krementsov DN, Mao-Draayer Y. Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.26.23291875. [PMID: 37425956 PMCID: PMC10327224 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.23291875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Clinical presentation and disease course are highly heterogeneous. Typically, disease progression occurs over time and is characterized by the gradual accumulation of disability. The risk of developing MS is driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. How the commensal gut microbiota impacts disease severity and progression over time remains unknown. Methods In a longitudinal study, disability status and associated clinical features in 60 MS patients were tracked over 4.2 ± 0.97 years, and the baseline fecal gut microbiome was characterized via 16S amplicon sequencing. Progressor status, defined as patients with an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were correlated with features of the gut microbiome to determine candidate microbiota associated with risk of MS disease progression. Results We found no overt differences in microbial community diversity and overall structure between MS patients exhibiting disease progression and non-progressors. However, a total of 45 bacterial species were associated with worsening disease, including a marked depletion in Akkermansia , Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospiraceae , with an expansion of Alloprevotella , Prevotella-9 , and Rhodospirillales . Analysis of the metabolic potential of the inferred metagenome from taxa associated with progression revealed a significant enrichment in oxidative stress-inducing aerobic respiration at the expense of microbial vitamin K 2 production (linked to Akkermansia ), and a depletion in SCFA metabolism (linked to Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae ). Further, statistical modeling demonstrated that microbiota composition and clinical features were sufficient to robustly predict disease progression. Additionally, we found that constipation, a frequent gastrointestinal comorbidity among MS patients, exhibited a divergent microbial signature compared with progressor status. Conclusions These results demonstrate the utility of the gut microbiome for predicting disease progression in MS. Further, analysis of the inferred metagenome revealed that oxidative stress, vitamin K 2 and SCFAs are associated with progression. Abstract Figure
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16
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Hoffman K, Brownell Z, Doyle WJ, Ochoa-Repáraz J. The immunomodulatory roles of the gut microbiome in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: Multiple sclerosis as a model. J Autoimmun 2023; 137:102957. [PMID: 36435700 PMCID: PMC10203067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a primary activation site for immune responses to infection and immunomodulation. Experimental evidence using animal disease models suggests that specific gut microbes significantly regulate inflammation and immunoregulatory pathways. Furthermore, recent clinical findings indicate that gut microbes' composition, collectively named gut microbiota, is altered under disease state. This review focuses on the functional mechanisms by which gut microbes promote immunomodulatory responses that could be relevant in balancing inflammation associated with autoimmunity in the central nervous system. We also propose therapeutic interventions that target the composition of the gut microbiota as immunomodulatory mechanisms to control neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Zackariah Brownell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
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Wang S, Wu D, Wu F, Sun H, Wang X, Meng H, Lin Q, Jin K, Wang F. Prevotella histicola suppresses ferroptosis to mitigate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 37060026 PMCID: PMC10103513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions (EGML) is one of the most common digestive disorders for which current therapies have limited outcomes in clinical practice. Prevotella histicola (P. histicola) has shown probiotic efficacy against arthritis, multiple sclerosis and oestrogen deficiency-induced depression in mice; however, its role in EGML remains unclear in spite of its extensive colonisation of the stomach. Ferroptosis, which is characterised by lipid peroxidation, may be involved in EGML. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of action of P. histicola on EGML in the ferroptosis-dependent pathway. METHODS P. histicola was intragastrically administered for a week, and deferoxamine (DFO), a ferroptosis inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected prior to oral ethanol administration. The gastric mucosal lesions and ferroptosis were assessed via histopathological examinations, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS P. histicola was originally found to attenuate EGML by reducing histopathological changes and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The pro-ferroptotic genes of Transferrin Receptor (TFR1), Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 14 (SLC39A14), Haem Oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1), Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and mitochondrial Voltage-dependent Anion Channels (VDACs) were up-regulated; the anti-ferroptotic System Xc-/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis was inhibited after ethanol administration. However, the changes of histopathology and ferroptosis-related parameters induced by ethanol were reversed by DFO. Furthermore, P. histicola treatment significantly downregulated the expression of ACSL4, HMOX-1 and COX-2, as well as TFR1 and SLC39A14, on mRNA or the protein level, while activating the System Xc-/GPX4 axis. CONCLUSIONS We found that P. histicola reduces ferroptosis to attenuate EGML by inhibiting the ACSL4- and VDAC-dependent pro-ferroptotic pathways and activating the anti-ferroptotic System Xc-/GPX4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Du Wu
- Hangzhou Wuyunshan Hospital Hangzhou Health Promotion Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangquan Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Lin
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Fangyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Sheng RW, Zhang RL, Wu MT, Chi JY, Zhou RX, Rui YF. The Preventive Effects of Probiotic Prevotella histicola on the Bone Loss of Mice with Ovariectomy-Mediated Osteoporosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040950. [PMID: 37110373 PMCID: PMC10146713 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the disturbance of gut microbiota (GM) is closely related to the reduction of bone mass and incidence of osteoporosis (OP). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the supplementation of Prevotella histicola (Ph) can prevent the bone loss in mice with ovariectomy (OVX)-mediated OP, and further explore relevant mechanisms. Regular (once a day for 8 consecutive weeks) and quantitative (200 µL/d) perfusion of Ph (the bacteria that orally gavaged) was conducted starting from 1 week after the construction of mice models. Bone mass and bone microstructure were detected by Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Expressions of intestinal permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and osteogenic and osteoclastic activities of mice were analyzed by histological staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technique was applied to analyze the alterations of composition, abundance, and diversity of collected feces. Regular and quantitative perfusion of Ph mitigated the bone loss in mice with OVX-mediated OP. Compared with OVX + PBS group, perfusion of Ph repressed osteoclastogenesis and promoted osteogenesis, reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokine cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and reversed expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Occludin). Besides, the perfusion of Ph improved the composition, abundance, and diversity of GM. Collectively, this study revealed that regular and quantitative perfusion of Ph can improve the bone loss in mice with OVX-mediated OP by repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage, optimizing intestinal permeability, inhibiting release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and improving disturbance of GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren-Wang Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Ting Wu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Yu Chi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Ladakis DC, Bhargava P. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis and Potential Approaches to Target the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:117-132. [PMID: 36690786 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has now been established that a perturbation in gut microbiome composition exists in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its interplay with the immune system and brain could potentially contribute to the development of the disease and influence its course. The effects of the gut microbiota on the disease may be mediated by direct interactions between bacteria and immune cells or through interactions of products of bacterial metabolism with immune and CNS cells. In this review article we summarize the ways in which the gut microbiome of people with MS differs from controls and how bacterial metabolites can potentially play a role in MS pathogenesis, and examine approaches to alter the composition of the gut microbiota potentially alleviating gut dysbiosis and impacting the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Zhao M, Liu L, Liu F, Liu L, Liu Z, Gao Y, Cao J. Traditional Chinese medicine improves myasthenia gravis by regulating the symbiotic homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota and host. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1082565. [PMID: 36687653 PMCID: PMC9852828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies that is dependent on T-cell immunity and complement participation and mainly involves neuromuscular junctions. In this study, 30 patients with myasthenia gravis were selected and divided into pretreatment (Case group) and posttreatment (Treatment group) and 30 healthy volunteers (CON group) were included. Among them, the treatment group was treated with Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (MBZYQD), and the levels of antibodies such as AChR, Musk and Titin in blood and intestinal microbiota were compared before treatment (Case group), after treatment (Treatment group) and in healthy volunteers (CON group). The results showed that after treatment with MBZYQD, the antibody levels of AChR, MuSK, and Titin and the inflammatory factor level of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-22 in MG patients decreased significantly and nearly returned to a healthy level. In addition, after treatment with MBZYQD, the diversity, structure and function of intestinal microorganisms in MG patients also recovered to a healthy level. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the Case group increased significantly, accompanied by a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroides compared with that in the CON group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides in the Treatment group was similar to that in the CON group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Shigella in the Case group was significantly increased, accompanied by a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Prevotella, and the relative abundance of Shigella and Prevotella in Treatment group was similar to that in the CON group. Moreover, the fluorobenzoate degradation pathway (KO00364) was significantly increased in the Case group, while this pathway was significantly decreased in the Treatment group. In conclusion, MBZYQD can improve the immune function of the host by regulating the diversity, structure and function of the intestinal microbiota to treat myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanzhao Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxi Cao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianxi Cao,
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21
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Thirion F, Sellebjerg F, Fan Y, Lyu L, Hansen TH, Pons N, Levenez F, Quinquis B, Stankevic E, Søndergaard HB, Dantoft TM, Poulsen CS, Forslund SK, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Brix S, Oturai A, Sørensen PS, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen O. The gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis varies with disease activity. Genome Med 2023; 15:1. [PMID: 36604748 PMCID: PMC9814178 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the brain and spinal cord resulting in physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. It is hypothesized that a disrupted bacterial and viral gut microbiota is a part of the pathogenesis mediating disease impact through an altered gut microbiota-brain axis. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and to associate it with disease variables, as the etiology of the disease remains only partially known. METHODS Here, in a case-control setting involving 148 Danish cases with multiple sclerosis and 148 matched healthy control subjects, we performed shotgun sequencing of fecal microbial DNA and associated bacterial and viral microbiota findings with plasma cytokines, blood cell gene expression profiles, and disease activity. RESULTS We found 61 bacterial species that were differentially abundant when comparing all multiple sclerosis cases with healthy controls, among which 31 species were enriched in cases. A cluster of inflammation markers composed of blood leukocytes, CRP, and blood cell gene expression of IL17A and IL6 was positively associated with a cluster of multiple sclerosis-related species. Bacterial species that were more abundant in cases with disease-active treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis were positively linked to a group of plasma cytokines including IL-22, IL-17A, IFN-β, IL-33, and TNF-α. The bacterial species richness of treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis cases was associated with number of relapses over a follow-up period of 2 years. However, in non-disease-active cases, we identified two bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens, whose absolute abundance was enriched. These bacteria are known to produce anti-inflammatory metabolites including butyrate and urolithin. In addition, cases with multiple sclerosis had a higher viral species diversity and a higher abundance of Caudovirales bacteriophages. CONCLUSIONS Considerable aberrations are present in the gut microbiota of patients with multiple sclerosis that are directly associated with blood biomarkers of inflammation, and in treatment-naïve cases bacterial richness is positively associated with disease activity. Yet, the finding of two symbiotic bacterial species in non-disease-active cases that produce favorable immune-modulating compounds provides a rationale for testing these bacteria as adjunct therapeutics in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thirion
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- grid.475435.4Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Fan
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liwei Lyu
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue H. Hansen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Pons
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Levenez
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benoit Quinquis
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle B. Søndergaard
- grid.475435.4Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Dantoft
- grid.415046.20000 0004 0646 8261Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Casper S. Poulsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité–Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany ,grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XStructural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark ,Department of Medicine, Rønne Hospital, 3700 Bornholm, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Oturai
- grid.475435.4Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Per Soelberg Sørensen
- grid.475435.4Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stanislav D. Ehrlich
- grid.507621.7Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3RX UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, 2900, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Dziedzic A, Saluk J. Probiotics and Commensal Gut Microbiota as the Effective Alternative Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214478. [PMID: 36430954 PMCID: PMC9699268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the multifactorial interactions between the intestine microflora and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, connecting brain activity and gut functions. Alterations of the GBA have been revealed in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis and making it a promising therapeutic target. Whilst research in this field is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that MS patients are more likely to exhibit modified microbiota, altered levels of short-chain fatty acids, and enhanced intestinal permeability. Both clinical and preclinical trials in patients with MS and animal models revealed that the administration of probiotic bacteria might improve cognitive, motor, and mental behaviors by modulation of GBA molecular pathways. According to the newest data, supplementation with probiotics may be associated with slower disability progression, reduced depressive symptoms, and improvements in general health in patients with MS. Herein, we give an overview of how probiotics supplementation may have a beneficial effect on the course of MS and its animal model. Hence, interference with the composition of the MS patient's intestinal microbiota may, in the future, be a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based adjuvant therapy.
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23
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Melamed E, Palmer JL, Fonken C. Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019877. [PMID: 36407764 PMCID: PMC9672668 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was introduced almost a century ago, there has been an ongoing scientific debate about the risks and benefits of using EAE as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). While there are notable limitations of translating EAE studies directly to human patients, EAE continues to be the most widely used model of MS, and EAE studies have contributed to multiple key breakthroughs in our understanding of MS pathogenesis and discovery of MS therapeutics. In addition, insights from EAE have led to a better understanding of modifiable environmental factors that can influence MS initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss how MS patient and EAE studies compare in our learning about the role of gut microbiome, diet, alcohol, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiome transplant in neuroinflammation. Ultimately, the combination of rigorous EAE animal studies, novel bioinformatic approaches, use of human cell lines, and implementation of well-powered, age- and sex-matched randomized controlled MS patient trials will be essential for improving MS patient outcomes and developing novel MS therapeutics to prevent and revert MS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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24
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Microbial dysbiosis in the gut drives systemic autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906258. [PMID: 36341463 PMCID: PMC9632986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut immune homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis is the main driver of local inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dysbiosis in the gut can also drive systemic autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Gut microbes directly interact with the immune system by multiple mechanisms including modulation of the host microRNAs affecting gene expression at the post-transcriptional level or production of microbial metabolites that interact with cellular receptors such as TLRs and GPCRs. This interaction modulates crucial immune functions such as differentiation of lymphocytes, production of interleukins, or controlling the leakage of inflammatory molecules from the gut to the systemic circulation. In this review, we compile and analyze data to gain insights into the underpinning mechanisms mediating systemic autoimmune diseases. Understanding how gut microbes can trigger or protect from systemic autoimmune diseases is crucial to (1) tackle these diseases through diet or lifestyle modification, (2) develop new microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics, (3) identify diagnostic biomarkers to predict disease risk, and (4) observe and intervene with microbial population change with the flare-up of autoimmune responses. Considering the microbiome signature as a crucial player in systemic autoimmune diseases might hold a promise to turn these untreatable diseases into manageable or preventable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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25
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Bianchimano P, Britton GJ, Wallach DS, Smith EM, Cox LM, Liu S, Iwanowski K, Weiner HL, Faith JJ, Clemente JC, Tankou SK. Mining the microbiota to identify gut commensals modulating neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:174. [PMID: 36253847 PMCID: PMC9575236 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome plays an important role in autoimmunity including multiple sclerosis and its mouse model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Prior studies have demonstrated that the multiple sclerosis gut microbiota can contribute to disease, hence making it a potential therapeutic target. In addition, antibiotic treatment has been shown to ameliorate disease in the EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Yet, to this date, the mechanisms mediating these antibiotic effects are not understood. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the gut-derived bacterial strains that drive neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. RESULTS Here, we characterized the gut microbiome of untreated and vancomycin-treated EAE mice over time to identify bacteria with neuroimmunomodulatory potential. We observed alterations in the gut microbiota composition following EAE induction. We found that vancomycin treatment ameliorates EAE, and that this protective effect is mediated via the microbiota. Notably, we observed increased abundance of bacteria known to be strong inducers of regulatory T cells, including members of Clostridium clusters XIVa and XVIII in vancomycin-treated mice during the presymptomatic phase of EAE, as well as at disease peak. We identified 50 bacterial taxa that correlate with EAE severity. Interestingly, several of these taxa exist in the human gut, and some of them have been implicated in multiple sclerosis including Anaerotruncus colihominis, a butyrate producer, which had a positive correlation with disease severity. We found that Anaerotruncus colihominis ameliorates EAE, and this is associated with induction of RORγt+ regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS We identified vancomycin as a potent modulator of the gut-brain axis by promoting the proliferation of bacterial species that induce regulatory T cells. In addition, our findings reveal 50 gut commensals as regulator of the gut-brain axis that can be used to further characterize pathogenic and beneficial host-microbiota interactions in multiple sclerosis patients. Our findings suggest that elevated Anaerotruncus colihominis in multiple sclerosis patients may represent a protective mechanism associated with recovery from the disease. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bianchimano
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Graham J Britton
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Wallach
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shirong Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Department of Medical Oncology, Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kacper Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Clemente
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie K Tankou
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5E 98th Street, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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26
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Wei J, Zhang X, Yang F, Shi X, Wang X, Chen R, Du F, Shi M, Jiang W. Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:276. [PMID: 35879681 PMCID: PMC9310403 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis. The underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. Recent evidence has indicated that the gut microbiome may be involved in neurological immune diseases via the "gut-brain axis". This study aimed to explore the possible relationship between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the gut microbiome. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from 10 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 10 healthy volunteers. The microbiome analysis was based on Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha, beta, and taxonomic diversity analyses were mainly based on the QIIME2 pipeline. Results There were no statistical differences in epidemiology, medication, and clinical characteristics (except for those related to anti-NMDAR encephalitis) between the two groups. ASV analysis showed that Prevotella was significantly increased, while Bacteroides was reduced in the gut microbiota of the patients, compared with the controls. Alpha diversity results showed a decrease in diversity in the patients compared with the healthy controls, analyzed by the Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou_E uniformity based on the Kruskal–Wallis test (P = 0.0342, 0.0040, and 0.0002, respectively). Beta diversity analysis showed that the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota was significantly different between the two groups, analyzed by weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions The abundance and evenness of bacterial distribution were significantly lower and jeopardized in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in healthy controls. Thus, our findings suggest that gut microbiome composition changes might be associated with the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. It could be a causal agent, or a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xiaodan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15 Changle West Street, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi province, China.
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27
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Wang X, Liang Z, Wang S, Ma D, Zhu M, Feng J. Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 34191698 PMCID: PMC9881072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210629145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota have also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
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28
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Shahi SK, Yadav M, Ghimire S, Mangalam AK. Role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: From etiology to therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 167:185-215. [PMID: 36427955 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS that affects around one million people in the United States. Predisposition or protection from this disease is linked with both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor in the pathobiology of MS. The gut microbiome supports various physiologic functions, including the development and maintenance of the host immune system, the perturbation of which is known as dysbiosis and has been linked with multiple diseases including MS. We and others have shown that people with MS (PwMS) have gut dysbiosis that is characterized by specific gut bacteria being enriched or depleted. Consequently, there is an emphasis on determining the mechanism(s) through which gut bacteria and/or their metabolites alter the course of MS through their ability to provide protection, predispose individuals, or promote disease progression. Improving our understanding of these mechanisms will allow us to harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiome as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent. In this chapter, we will discuss current advances in microbiome research in the context of MS, including a review of specific bacteria that are currently linked with this disease, potential mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and the utility of microbiome-based therapy for PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh K Shahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Meeta Yadav
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Prevotella species in the human gut is primarily comprised of Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea and related lineages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9055. [PMID: 35641510 PMCID: PMC9156738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella species in the human gut microbiome are primarily comprised of Prevotella copri, and its diversity and function were recently investigated in detail. Much less is known about other Prevotella species in the human gut. Here, we examined the composition of Prevotella species in human guts by mapping publicly available gut metagenomes to a dereplicated set of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing Prevotella lineages found in human guts. In most human cohorts, P. copri is the most relatively abundant species (e.g. up to 14.3% relative abundance in Tangshan, China). However, more than half of the metagenome reads in several cohorts mapped to Prevotella MAGs representing P. stercorea and several other species sister to P. stercorea and P. copri. Analyses of genes encoded in these genomes indicated that P. stercorea and related lineages lacked many hemicellulose degrading enzymes and were thus less likely to metabolise hemicelluloses compared with P. copri and copri-related lineages. Instead, P. stercorea genomes possess several carbohydrate esterases that may be involved in releasing ester modifications from carbohydrates to facilitate their degradation. These findings reveal unexplored Prevotella diversity in the human gut and indicate possible niche partitions among these related species.
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Ntranos A, Park HJ, Wentling M, Tolstikov V, Amatruda M, Inbar B, Kim-Schulze S, Frazier C, Button J, Kiebish MA, Lublin F, Edwards K, Casaccia P. Bacterial neurotoxic metabolites in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Brain 2022; 145:569-583. [PMID: 34894211 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders has highlighted the importance of gut-brain communication, and yet the question regarding the identity of the components responsible for this cross-talk remains open. We previously reported that relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate have a prominent depletion of the gut microbiota, thereby suggesting that studying the composition of plasma and CSF samples from these patients may help to identify microbially derived metabolites. We used a functional xenogeneic assay consisting of cultured rat neurons exposed to CSF samples collected from multiple sclerosis patients before and after dimethyl fumarate treatment to assess neurotoxicity and then conducted a metabolomic analysis of plasma and CSF samples to identify metabolites with differential abundance. A weighted correlation network analysis allowed us to identify groups of metabolites, present in plasma and CSF samples, whose abundance correlated with the neurotoxic potential of the CSF. This analysis identified the presence of phenol and indole group metabolites of bacterial origin (e.g. p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) as potentially neurotoxic and decreased by treatment. Chronic exposure of cultured neurons to these metabolites impaired their firing rate and induced axonal damage, independent from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby identifying a novel pathway of neurotoxicity. Clinical, radiological and cognitive test metrics were also collected in treated patients at follow-up visits. Improved MRI metrics, disability and cognition were only detected in dimethyl fumarate-treated relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. The levels of the identified metabolites of bacterial origin (p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) were inversely correlated to MRI measurements of cortical volume and directly correlated to the levels of neurofilament light chain, an established biomarker of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that phenol and indole derivatives from the catabolism of tryptophan and phenylalanine are microbially derived metabolites, which may mediate gut-brain communication and induce neurotoxicity in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maureen Wentling
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Mario Amatruda
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carol Frazier
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Judy Button
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | | | - Fred Lublin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keith Edwards
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology and Biochemistry at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Yang H, Gao C, Wang X, Qiu F, Wei M, Xia F. Associations between vaginal flora, MIP-1α, IL-17A, and clinical pregnancy rate in AIH. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13543. [PMID: 35357057 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To investigate how asymptomatic bacterial imbalance affects the clinical pregnancy rate after artificial insemination with the husband's semen (AIH). METHODS This study included married heterosexual couples who underwent AIH. According to the follow-up results, participants were divided into the pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups. Based on the first 10 pair participants in each group with vaginal flora bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results, six semen samples received bacterial-sperm mixed test. Moreover, 34 cytokines were detected in the peripheral blood sera of the first three pairs by high-throughput Luminex, which were verified in vaginal secretions, cervical mucus, and blood sera from the first 200 pairs by ELISA. RESULTS The results of the 16S sequencing of vaginal secretions showed that compared with the pregnant group, the non-pregnant group had a significantly increased bacterial species diversity, which was mainly manifested by a decrease in Lactobacillus crispatus and an increase in Prevotella bivia. When Prevotella bivia or Lactobacillus crispatus were mixed with sperms, the sperm motility was decreased (p < .05). The vaginal posterior fornix secretions, cervical mucus, and peripheral blood sera of the non-pregnant group showed decreased levels of MIP-1α and increased levels of IL-17A (p < .05). CONCLUSION The imbalance of vaginal flora leading to the increase of Prevotella bivia and the decrease of Lactobacillus crispatus may cause an imbalance of immune regulation. Low expression of MIP-1α and high expression of IL-17A were associated with reduced clinical pregnancy rate in AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhen Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fenglong Qiu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mian Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Huaian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Mandić M, Mitić K, Nedeljković P, Perić M, Božić B, Lunić T, Bačić A, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Peković S, Božić Nedeljković B. Vitamin B Complex and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis—Attenuation of the Clinical Signs and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061273. [PMID: 35334928 PMCID: PMC8955508 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12—VBC), by studying the changes in the femoral nerve, quadriceps muscle, popliteal lymph nodes and gut microbiota in the rat model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). VBC treatment attenuated clinical signs of EAE during the disease, and reduced the duration of EAE thereby contributing to a faster recovery. In VBC-treated EAE rats, a significant decrease in nerve and muscle nuclear density was revealed during the onset period of the disease, while a marked increase was detected at the end of the disease, compared with untreated EAE rats. In the lymph nodes of VBC-treated EAE rats, a fewer number of lymphoid follicles in the cortical area and smaller epithelioid granulomas were detected. The changes in microbiota composition were examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, which revealed the potential of VBC treatment in establishing and/or maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Finally, the present study demonstrated that VBC treatment ameliorated the cellular changes in the affected peripheral nerve, muscles innervated by this nerve, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis which occurred during the EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mandić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Katarina Mitić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Predrag Nedeljković
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mina Perić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Božić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Tanja Lunić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Ana Bačić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.); (M.R.-S.)
| | | | - Sanja Peković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Božić Nedeljković
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-303-2356
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Sanchez JMS, DePaula-Silva AB, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108379. [PMID: 32156562 PMCID: PMC7483914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert S. Fujinami
- Corresponding author at: University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. (R.S. Fujinami)
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Cantoni C, Lin Q, Dorsett Y, Ghezzi L, Liu Z, Pan Y, Chen K, Han Y, Li Z, Xiao H, Gormley M, Liu Y, Bokoliya S, Panier H, Suther C, Evans E, Deng L, Locca A, Mikesell R, Obert K, Newland P, Wu Y, Salter A, Cross AH, Tarr PI, Lovett-Racke A, Piccio L, Zhou Y. Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103798. [PMID: 35094961 PMCID: PMC8814376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex genetic, immune and metabolic pathophysiology. Recent studies implicated the gut microbiome in MS pathogenesis. However, interactions between the microbiome and host immune system, metabolism and diet have not been studied over time in this disorder. Methods We performed a six-month longitudinal multi-omics study of 49 participants (24 untreated relapse remitting MS patients and 25 age, sex, race matched healthy control individuals. Gut microbiome composition and function were characterized using 16S and metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Flow cytometry was used to characterize blood immune cell populations and cytokine profiles. Circulating metabolites were profiled by untargeted UPLC-MS. A four-day food diary was recorded to capture the habitual dietary pattern of study participants. Findings Together with changes in blood immune cells, metagenomic analysis identified a number of gut microbiota decreased in MS patients compared to healthy controls, and microbiota positively or negatively correlated with degree of disability in MS patients. MS patients demonstrated perturbations of their blood metabolome, such as linoleate metabolic pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, chalcone, dihydrochalcone, 4-nitrocatechol and methionine. Global correlations between multi-omics demonstrated a disrupted immune-microbiome relationship and a positive blood metabolome-microbiome correlation in MS. Specific feature association analysis identified a potential correlation network linking meat servings with decreased gut microbe B. thetaiotaomicron, increased Th17 cell and greater abundance of meat-associated blood metabolites. The microbiome and metabolome profiles remained stable over six months in MS and control individuals. Interpretation Our study identified multi-system alterations in gut microbiota, immune and blood metabolome of MS patients at global and individual feature level. Multi-OMICS data integration deciphered a potential important biological network that links meat intakes with increased meat-associated blood metabolite, decreased polysaccharides digesting bacteria, and increased circulating proinflammatory marker. Funding This work was supported by the Washington University in St. Louis Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, funded, in part, by Grant Number # UL1 TR000448 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award (Zhou Y, Piccio, L, Lovett-Racke A and Tarr PI); R01 NS10263304 (Zhou Y, Piccio L); the Leon and Harriet Felman Fund for Human MS Research (Piccio L and Cross AH). Cantoni C. was supported by the National MS Society Career Transition Fellowship (TA-180531003) and by donations from Whitelaw Terry, Jr. / Valerie Terry Fund. Ghezzi L. was supported by the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Society research fellowship (FISM 2018/B/1) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Post-Doctoral Fellowship (FG-190734474). Anne Cross was supported by The Manny & Rosalyn Rosenthal-Dr. John L. Trotter MS Center Chair in Neuroimmunology of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingqi Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Yeming Pan
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts USA
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts USA
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hunter Panier
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cassandra Suther
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts USA
| | - Emily Evans
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Alberto Locca
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Obert
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela Newland
- Barnes Jewish College, Goldfarb School of Nursing, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Farnesol induces protection against murine CNS inflammatory demyelination and modifies gut microbiome. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108766. [PMID: 34091018 PMCID: PMC8660955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Farnesol is a 15‑carbon organic isoprenol synthesized by plants and mammals with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. We sought to determine whether farnesol treatment would result in protection against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared disease progression and severity in C57BL/6 mice treated orally with 100 mg/kg/day farnesol solubilized in corn oil to corn-oil treated and untreated EAE mice. Farnesol significantly delayed the onset of EAE (by ~2 days) and dramatically decreased disease severity (~80%) compared to controls. Disease protection by farnesol was associated with a significant reduction in spinal cord infiltration by monocytes-macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and a significant change in gut microbiota composition, including a decrease in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. The study suggests FOL could protect MS patients against CNS inflammatory demyelination by partially modulating the gut microbiome composition.
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Huang F, Liu X, Xu S, Hu S, Wang S, Shi D, Wang K, Wang Z, Lin Q, Li S, Zhao S, Jin K, Wang C, Chen L, Wang F. Prevotella histicola Mitigated Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Depression via Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Inflammation in Ovariectomized Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805465. [PMID: 35155523 PMCID: PMC8826649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen deficiency-induced depression is closely associated with an imbalance in intestinal microbiota and inflammation. Prevotella histicola (P. histicola), an emerging probiotic, apparently improves inflammatory responses. This study aims to verify the antidepressant-like effects of P. histicola and clarify its potential mechanisms. Methods Mice were treated with P. histicola and cohousing after ovariectomy (OVX). The changes in depression-like behaviors among mice were examined by behavioral tasks, and alterations in the microbiota were detected through 16S rRNA sequencing. Changes in neuronal injury, protein synthesis, inflammatory factors, intestinal permeability, and nerve proliferation were observed by H&E, Nissl staining, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results P. histicola significantly reduces depression-like behaviors and neuronal damage induced by estrogen deficiency. Additionally, P. histicola significantly increases the abundance of intestinal flora, especially Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Meanwhile, the cohoused mice also had a better emotional state and neutral structure compared with OVX mice. P. histicola was also found to upregulate tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and MUC2 in the ileum and colon and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors VCAM, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, mainly in the ileum, colon, and decrease the expression of COX-2, TLR4, Myd88, JNK, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the hippocampus. Moreover, significant downregulation of apoptosis (caspase-3 and caspase-8) and upregulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and Ki-67) were observed after P. histicola treatment. Conclusion Our data show that P. histicola significantly mitigates depression of OVX mice through improvement in intestinal microbiota to repair intestinal leakage and inhibit central inflammation to promote the expression of BDNF for hippocampal neurogenesis. P. histicola may be therapeutically beneficial for PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Critical Care and Life Support Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiujie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sitao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dibang Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Critical Care and Life Support Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - KeKe Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
- Chuang Wang
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Lei Chen
| | - Fangyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyan Wang
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Sugiura A, Andrejeva G, Voss K, Heintzman DR, Xu X, Madden MZ, Ye X, Beier KL, Chowdhury NU, Wolf MM, Young AC, Greenwood DL, Sewell AE, Shahi SK, Freedman SN, Cameron AM, Foerch P, Bourne T, Garcia-Canaveras JC, Karijolich J, Newcomb DC, Mangalam AK, Rabinowitz JD, Rathmell JC. MTHFD2 is a metabolic checkpoint controlling effector and regulatory T cell fate and function. Immunity 2022; 55:65-81.e9. [PMID: 34767747 PMCID: PMC8755618 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic stimulation promotes T cell metabolic reprogramming to meet increased biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling demands. We show that the one-carbon (1C) metabolism enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) regulates de novo purine synthesis and signaling in activated T cells to promote proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. In pathogenic T helper-17 (Th17) cells, MTHFD2 prevented aberrant upregulation of the transcription factor FoxP3 along with inappropriate gain of suppressive capacity. MTHFD2 deficiency also promoted regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibition led to depletion of purine pools, accumulation of purine biosynthetic intermediates, and decreased nutrient sensor mTORC1 signaling. MTHFD2 was also critical to regulate DNA and histone methylation in Th17 cells. Importantly, MTHFD2 deficiency reduced disease severity in multiple in vivo inflammatory disease models. MTHFD2 is thus a metabolic checkpoint to integrate purine metabolism with pathogenic effector cell signaling and is a potential therapeutic target within 1C metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sugiura
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren R Heintzman
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xincheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Cancer Research Institute Princeton Branch, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katherine L Beier
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nowrin U Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melissa M Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arissa C Young
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dalton L Greenwood
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Allison E Sewell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shailesh K Shahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Alanna M Cameron
- Sitryx Therapeutics Limited, Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrik Foerch
- Sitryx Therapeutics Limited, Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Bourne
- Sitryx Therapeutics Limited, Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan C Garcia-Canaveras
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Cancer Research Institute Princeton Branch, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - John Karijolich
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Cancer Research Institute Princeton Branch, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
The gut microbiome influences many host physiologies, spanning gastrointestinal function, metabolism, immune homeostasis, neuroactivity, and behavior. Many microbial effects on the host are orchestrated by bidirectional interactions between the microbiome and immune system. Imbalances in this dialogue can lead to immune dysfunction and immune-mediated conditions in distal organs including the brain. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and dysregulated neuroimmune responses are common comorbidities of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome–neuroimmune axis as a regulator of central nervous system homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent evidence supporting a role for the gut microbiome in regulating the neuroimmune landscape in health and disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis W. Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
| | - Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
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Ghimire S, Cady NM, Lehman P, Peterson SR, Shahi SK, Rashid F, Giri S, Mangalam AK. Dietary Isoflavones Alter Gut Microbiota and Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis to Reduce Inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2127446. [PMID: 36179318 PMCID: PMC9542810 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2127446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly affected by environmental factors such as diet and the gut microbiota. An isoflavone-rich (ISO) diet was previously shown to reduce the severity of MS in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Translation of this concept to clinical trial where dietary isoflavones may be recommended for MS patients will require preliminary evidence that providing the isoflavone-rich diet to people with MS (PwMS) who lack phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria has beneficial effects. We have previously shown that the gut microbiota of PwMS resembles the gut microbiota of mice raised under a phytoestrogen-free (phyto-free) diet in that it lacks phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria. To investigate the effects of phytoestrogens on the microbiota inflammatory response and EAE disease severity we switched the diet of mice raised under a phyto-free (PF) diet to an isoflavone-rich diet. Microbiota analysis showed that the change in diet from one that is ISO to one that is PF reduces beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium species. In addition we observed functional differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis pathways. Moreover LPS extracted from feces of mice fed an ISO diet induced increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines from bone marrow-derived macrophages relative to fecal-LPS isolated from mice fed a PF diet. Eventually mice whose diet was switched from a PF diet to an ISO diet trended toward reduced EAE severity and mortality. Overall we show that an isoflavone-rich diet specifically modulates LPS biosynthesis of the gut microbiota imparts an anti-inflammatory response and decreases disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Nicole M. Cady
- Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Peter Lehman
- Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Program University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Stephanie R. Peterson
- Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Graduate Program in Immunology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - Faraz Rashid
- Department of Neurology Henry Ford Health SystemDetroitMIUSA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology Henry Ford Health SystemDetroitMIUSA
| | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Graduate Program in Immunology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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40
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Daberkow DP, Hoffman K, Kohl HM, Long T, Kirby TO, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Microbiome Methods in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e314. [PMID: 34870901 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microbiome composition studies are increasingly shedding light on animal models of disease. This paper describes a protocol for analyzing the gut microbiome composition prior to and after the induction of mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal animal model of the human neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). We also address and provide data assessing the impact of mice reared in different animal facilities on EAE induction. Furthermore, we discuss potential regulators of the gut-microbiome-brain axis (GMBA) in relation to neuroinflammation and implications on demyelinating disease states. Our results suggest that mice reared in different animal facilities produce different levels of EAE induction. These results highlight the importance of accounting for consistent environmental conditions when inducing EAE and other animal models of disease. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Study of the composition of the gut microbiome in the neuroinflammatory model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Basic Protocol 2: Experimental procedures for DNA extraction and microbiome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Daberkow
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Kristina Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Hannah M Kohl
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Tyrel Long
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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41
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Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260384. [PMID: 34847159 PMCID: PMC8631616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people. METHODS From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences' MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. RESULTS The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method. CONCLUSION Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.
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42
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Xia B, Wu W, Zhang L, Wen X, Xie J, Zhang H. Gut microbiota mediates the effects of inulin on enhancing sulfomucin production and mucosal barrier function in a pig model. Food Funct 2021; 12:10967-10982. [PMID: 34651635 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) have many beneficial effects on intestinal health by ameliorating intestinal inflammation and modulating the microbial community composition, thereby affecting the barrier function. This study aims to characterize the gut microbiota of pigs fed with DFs, revealing a link between the intestinal microbiota and mucin chemotypes. Pigs (six per group) were randomly allotted to consume one of the following diets: control (CON) or a diet supplemented with 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or inulin (INU) for 72 days. We found that INU but not MCC enhanced the colonic barrier function by promoting the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and MUC2 and reducing the colonic crypt depth. INU increased sulfomucin production and mRNA levels of sulfotransferases Gal3ST1 and Gal3ST2. Goblet cells in the ileum were found to contain predominantly sialomucins while colonic goblet cells were dominated by sulfomucins with sialomucins absent. DF consumption increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of the ileum and colon compared to the CON diet. Moreover, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that DFs significantly altered the composition of ileal and colonic mucosal microbiota. Network analysis indicated that INU-induced changes in bacterial genera and SCFAs, such as Akkermansia and butyrate, were significantly related with sulfomucins and the mucosal barrier function-gene in pigs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the intestinal mucosal microbiota and SCFAs induced by INU play a crucial role in modulating the chemotypes of mucin and the barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District 712100, China
| | - Weida Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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44
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Eken A, Erdem S, Haliloglu Y, Zehra Okus F, Cakir M, Fatih Yetkin M, Akcakoyunlu M, Karayigit MO, Azizoglu ZB, Bicer A, Gur TN, Aslan K, Hora M, Oukka M, Altuntas HD, Ufuk Nalbantoglu O, Gundogdu A, Mirza M, Canatan H. Temporal overexpression of IL-22 and Reg3γ differentially impacts the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunology 2021; 164:73-89. [PMID: 33876425 PMCID: PMC8358722 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is an alpha-helical cytokine which belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-22 is produced by RORγt+ innate and adaptive lymphocytes, including ILC3, γδ T, iNKT, Th17 and Th22 cells and some granulocytes. IL-22 receptor is expressed primarily by non-haematopoietic cells. IL-22 is critical for barrier immunity at the mucosal surfaces in the steady state and during infection. Although IL-22 knockout mice were previously shown to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), how temporal IL-22 manipulation in adult mice would affect EAE course has not been studied previously. In this study, we overexpressed IL-22 via hydrodynamic gene delivery or blocked it via neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice to explore the therapeutic impact of IL-22 modulation on the EAE course. IL-22 overexpression significantly decreased EAE scores and demyelination, and reduced infiltration of IFN-γ+IL-17A+Th17 cells into the central nervous system (CNS). The neutralization of IL-22 did not alter the EAE pathology significantly. We show that IL-22-mediated protection is independent of Reg3γ, an epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptide induced by IL-22. Thus, overexpression of Reg3γ significantly exacerbated EAE scores, demyelination and infiltration of IFN-γ+IL-17A+ and IL-17A+GM-CSF+Th17 cells to CNS. We also show that Reg3γ may inhibit IL-2-mediated STAT5 signalling and impair expansion of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Finally, Reg3γ overexpression dramatically impacted intestinal microbiota during EAE. Our results provide novel insight into the role of IL-22 and IL-22-induced antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammation in a murine model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Eken
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Serife Erdem
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Yesim Haliloglu
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Fatma Zehra Okus
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Mustafa Cakir
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
- Department of Medical BiologyVan Yuzuncu Yıl University School of MedicineVanTurkey
| | | | - Merve Akcakoyunlu
- Department of NeurologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
| | | | - Zehra Busra Azizoglu
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Ayten Bicer
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Tugba Nur Gur
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Kubra Aslan
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Mehmet Hora
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Hamiyet Donmez Altuntas
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
| | - Ozkan Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
- Department of Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Aycan Gundogdu
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical MicrobiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
| | - Meral Mirza
- Department of NeurologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Department of Medical BiologyErciyes University School of MedicineKayseriTurkey
- Betül‐Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK)KayseriTurkey
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Shahi SK, Ali S, Jaime CM, Guseva NV, Mangalam AK. HLA Class II Polymorphisms Modulate Gut Microbiota and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Phenotype. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:627-646. [PMID: 34380664 PMCID: PMC8728531 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS in which the interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays an important role in disease pathogenesis. Although environmental factors account for 70% of disease risk, the exact environmental factors associated with MS are unknown. Recently, gut microbiota has emerged as a potential missing environmental factor linked with the pathobiology of MS. Yet, how genetic factors, such as HLA class II gene(s), interact with gut microbiota and influence MS is unclear. In the current study, we investigated whether HLA class II genes that regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS susceptibility also influence gut microbiota. Previously, we have shown that HLA-DR3 transgenic mice lacking endogenous mouse class II genes (AE-KO) were susceptible to myelin proteolipid protein (91-110)-induced EAE, an animal model of MS, whereas AE-KO.HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice were resistant. Surprisingly, HLA-DR3.DQ8 double transgenic mice showed higher disease prevalence and severity compared with HLA-DR3 mice. Gut microbiota analysis showed that HLA-DR3, HLA-DQ8, and HLA-DR3.DQ8 double transgenic mice microbiota are compositionally different from AE-KO mice. Within HLA class II transgenic mice, the microbiota of HLA-DQ8 mice were more similar to HLA-DR3.DQ8 than HLA-DR3. As the presence of DQ8 on an HLA-DR3 background increases disease severity, our data suggests that HLA-DQ8-specific microbiota may contribute to disease severity in HLA-DR3.DQ8 mice. Altogether, our study provides evidence that the HLA-DR and -DQ genes linked to specific gut microbiota contribute to EAE susceptibility or resistance in a transgenic animal model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soham Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | | | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA;
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Influence of a High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137173. [PMID: 34281224 PMCID: PMC8268819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive immune processes. Due to its potential to influence host immunity and gut-brain communication, the gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the onset and progression of MS. To date, there is no definitive cure for MS, and rehabilitation programs are of the utmost importance, especially in the later stages. However, only a few people generally participate due to poor support, knowledge, and motivation, and no information is available on gut microbiota changes. Herein we evaluated the potential of a brief high-impact multidimensional rehabilitation program (B-HIPE) in a leisure environment to affect the gut microbiota, mitigate MS symptoms and improve quality of life. B-HIPE resulted in modulation of the MS-typical dysbiosis, with reduced levels of pathobionts and the replenishment of beneficial short-chain fatty acid producers. This partial recovery of a eubiotic profile could help counteract the inflammatory tone typically observed in MS, as supported by reduced circulating lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased populations of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes. Improved physical performance and fatigue relief were also found. Our findings pave the way for integrating clinical practice with holistic approaches to mitigate MS symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.
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47
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Influence of immunomodulatory drugs on the gut microbiota. Transl Res 2021; 233:144-161. [PMID: 33515779 PMCID: PMC8184576 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory medications are a mainstay of treatment for autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In addition to their direct effects on immune cells, these medications also impact the gut microbiota. Drug-induced shifts in commensal microbes can lead to indirect but important changes in the immune response. We performed a comprehensive literature search focusing on immunotherapy/microbe interactions. Immunotherapies were categorized into 5 subtypes based on their mechanisms of action: cell trafficking inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, antiproliferative drugs, and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors. Although no consistent relationships were observed between types of immunotherapy and microbiota, most immunotherapies were associated with shifts in specific colonizing bacterial taxa. The relationships between colonizing microbes and drug efficacy were not well-studied for autoimmune diseases. In contrast, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer was tied to the baseline composition of the gut microbiota. There was a paucity of high-quality data; existing data were generated using heterogeneous sampling and analytic techniques, and most studies involved small numbers of participants. Further work is needed to elucidate the extent and clinical significance of immunotherapy effects on the human microbiome.
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48
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Jensen SN, Cady NM, Shahi SK, Peterson SR, Gupta A, Gibson-Corley KN, Mangalam AK. Isoflavone diet ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through modulation of gut bacteria depleted in patients with multiple sclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabd4595. [PMID: 34244137 PMCID: PMC8270496 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a potential environmental factor that influences the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). We and others have demonstrated that patients with MS and healthy individuals have distinct gut microbiomes. However, the pathogenic relevance of these differences remains unclear. Previously, we showed that bacteria that metabolize isoflavones are less abundant in patients with MS, suggesting that isoflavone-metabolizing bacteria might provide protection against MS. Here, using a mouse model of MS, we report that an isoflavone diet provides protection against disease, which is dependent on the presence of isoflavone-metabolizing bacteria and their metabolite equol. Notably, the composition of the gut microbiome in mice fed an isoflavone diet exhibited parallels to healthy human donors, whereas the composition in those fed an isoflavone-free diet exhibited parallels to patients with MS. Collectively, our study provides evidence that dietary-induced gut microbial changes alleviate disease severity and may contribute to MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicole M Cady
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shailesh K Shahi
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephanie R Peterson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Arnav Gupta
- BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Pilani, India
| | | | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Perez-Muñoz ME, Sugden S, Harmsen HJM, 't Hart BA, Laman JD, Walter J. Nutritional and ecological perspectives of the interrelationships between diet and the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: Insights from marmosets. iScience 2021; 24:102709. [PMID: 34296070 PMCID: PMC8282968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, have shown potential links between diet components, microbiome composition, and modulation of immune responses. In this review, we reanalyze and discuss findings in an outbred marmoset EAE model in which a yogurt-based dietary supplement decreased disease frequency and severity. We show that although diet has detectable effects on the fecal microbiome, microbiome changes are more strongly associated with the EAE development. Using an ecological framework, we further show that the dominant factors influencing the gut microbiota were marmoset sibling pair and experimental time point. These findings emphasize challenges in assigning cause-and-effect relationships in studies of diet-microbiome-host interactions and differentiating the diet effects from other environmental, stochastic, and host-related factors. We advocate for animal experiments to be designed to allow causal inferences of the microbiota's role in pathology while considering the complex ecological processes that shape microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Scott Sugden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AE, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen 9700AE, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen 9700AE, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.,APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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Erturk-Hasdemir D, Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis for the Control of CNS Inflammatory Demyelination: Immunomodulation by Bacteroides fragilis' Polysaccharide A. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662807. [PMID: 34025663 PMCID: PMC8131524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between animals and their resident microorganisms has profound effects on host immunity. The human microbiota comprises bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract and are involved in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The gut microbiota's immunomodulatory effects extend to extraintestinal tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). Specific symbiotic antigens responsible for inducing immunoregulation have been isolated from different bacterial species. Polysaccharide A (PSA) of Bacteroides fragilis is an archetypical molecule for host-microbiota interactions. Studies have shown that PSA has beneficial effects in experimental disease models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, in vitro stimulation with PSA promotes an immunomodulatory phenotype in human T cells isolated from healthy and MS donors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the interactions between gut microbiota and the host in the context of CNS inflammatory demyelination, the immunomodulatory roles of gut symbionts. More specifically, we also discuss the immunomodulatory effects of B. fragilis PSA in the gut-brain axis and its therapeutic potential in MS. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the microbiota's impact on host physiology offers tremendous promise for discovering new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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