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Salminen A. The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:733-750. [PMID: 38600305 PMCID: PMC11106179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy. KEY MESSAGES: Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases. Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells. Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells. Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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2
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Estupiñán-Moreno E, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Li T, Ciudad L, Andrés-León E, Terron-Camero LC, Prieto-González S, Espígol-Frigolé G, Cid MC, Márquez A, Martin J, Ballestar E, Ortiz-Fernández L. Decoding CD4 + T cell transcriptome in giant cell arteritis: Novel pathways and altered cross-talk with monocytes. J Autoimmun 2024; 146:103240. [PMID: 38754238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an immune-mediated large-vessels vasculitis with complex etiology. Although the pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood, a central role for CD4+ T cells has been demonstrated. In this context, understanding the transcriptome dysregulation in GCA CD4+ T cells will yield new insights into its pathogenesis. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was conducted on CD4+ T cells from 70 patients with GCA with different disease activity and treatment status (active patients before treatment and patients in remission with and without glucocorticoid treatment), and 28 healthy controls. The study also evaluated potential impacts of DNA methylation on gene expression alterations and assessed cross-talk with CD14+ monocytes. RESULTS This study has uncovered a substantial number of genes and pathways potentially contributing to the pathogenicity of CD4+ T cells in GCA. Specifically, CD4+ T cells from GCA patients with active disease exhibited altered expression levels of genes involved in multiple immune-related processes, including various interleukins (IL) signaling pathways. Notably, IL-2, a decisive interleukin for regulatory T cells homeostasis, was among the most significant. Additionally, impaired apoptotic pathways appear crucial in GCA development. Our findings also suggest that histone-related epigenetic pathways may be implicated in promoting an inflammatory phenotype in GCA active patients. Finally, our study observed altered signaling communication, such as the Jagged-Notch signaling, between CD4+ T cells and monocytes that could have pathogenic relevance in GCA. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the participation of novel cytokines and pathways and the occurrence of a disruption of monocyte-T cell crosstalk driving GCA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkyn Estupiñán-Moreno
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - José Hernández-Rodríguez
- Vasculitis Research Unit. Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tianlu Li
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ciudad
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Carmen Terron-Camero
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Prieto-González
- Vasculitis Research Unit. Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Espígol-Frigolé
- Vasculitis Research Unit. Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Unit. Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Márquez
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Fernández
- Institute of Parastitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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3
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van Olst L, Kamermans A, Halters S, van der Pol SMA, Rodriguez E, Verberk IMW, Verberk SGS, Wessels DWR, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Verhoeff J, Wouters D, Van den Bossche J, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lemstra AW, Witte ME, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE. Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38658964 PMCID: PMC11044380 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral immune cells in the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We comprehensively mapped peripheral immune changes in AD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia compared to controls, using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). RESULTS We found an adaptive immune signature in AD, and specifically highlight the accumulation of PD1+ CD57+ CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA in the MCI stage of AD. In addition, several innate and adaptive immune cell subsets correlated to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD neuropathology and measures for cognitive decline. Intriguingly, subsets of memory T and B cells were negatively associated with CSF biomarkers for tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD patients. Lastly, we established the influence of the APOE ε4 allele on peripheral immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate significant peripheral immune alterations associated with both early and late clinical stages of AD, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into how these changes influence underlying brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Present address: The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sem Halters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle W R Wessels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurovascular Disorders, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Deng D, Zhang T, Ma L, Zhao W, Huang S, Wang K, Shu S, Chen X. PD-L1/PD-1 pathway: a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:51. [PMID: 38643205 PMCID: PMC11031890 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom of many diseases with a high incidence rate. Clinically, drug treatment, as the main method to relieve pain at present, is often accompanied by different degrees of adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to gain a profound understanding of the pain mechanisms in order to develop advantageous analgesic targets. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, an important inhibitory molecule in the immune system, has taken part in regulating neuroinflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence indicates that the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is aberrantly activated in various pain models. And blocking PD-L1/PD-1 pathway will aggravate pain behaviors. This review aims to summarize the emerging evidence on the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in alleviating pain and provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in pain resolution, including the regulation of macrophages, microglia, T cells, as well as nociceptor neurons. However, its underlying mechanism still needs to be further elucidated in the future. In conclusion, despite more deep researches are needed, these pioneering studies indicate that PD-L1/PD-1 may be a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Wu Y, Fu H, Hao J, Yang Z, Qiao X, Li Y, Zhao R, Lin T, Wang Y, Wang M. Tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1: a new perspective in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342728. [PMID: 38562933 PMCID: PMC10982384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication within organisms. Emerging evidence indicates that a distinct variant of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), found on the surface of exosomes, may be responsible for orchestrating systemic immunosuppression that counteracts the efficacy of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint therapy. Specifically, the presence of PD-L1 on exosomes enables them to selectively target PD-1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells, leading to T cell apoptosis and impeding T cell activation or proliferation. This mechanism allows tumor cells to evade immune pressure during the effector stage. Furthermore, the quantification of exosomal PD-L1 has the potential to serve as an indicator of the dynamic interplay between tumors and immune cells, thereby suggesting the promising utility of exosomes as biomarkers for both cancer diagnosis and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. The emergence of exosomal PD-L1 inhibitors as a viable approach for anti-tumor treatment has garnered significant attention. Depleting exosomal PD-L1 may serve as an effective adjunct therapy to mitigate systemic immunosuppression. This review aims to elucidate recent insights into the role of exosomal PD-L1 in the field of immune oncology, emphasizing its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Huichao Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwei Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Tie Lin
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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6
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Caruso B, Weeder BR, Thompson RF, Moran AE. PD-1 Limits IL-2 Production and Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:281-294. [PMID: 38551395 PMCID: PMC10985057 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), have been studied extensively in peripheral T cell responses to foreign Ags, self-Ags, and neoantigens. Notably, these proteins are first expressed during T cell development in the thymus. Reports suggest that PD-1 limits regulatory T cell (Treg) development, but the mechanism by which PD-1 exerts this function remains unknown. The present study expands the evaluation of murine PD-1 and its ligands in the thymus, demonstrating that some of the highest expressers of PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 are agonist selected cells. Surprisingly, we reveal a selective role for PD-1 in regulating the developmental niche only for Tregs because other agonist selected cell populations, such as NK T cells, remain unchanged. We also ruled out PD-1 as a regulator of proliferation or cell death of agonist selected Tregs and further demonstrated that PD-1-deficient Tregs have reduced TCR signaling. Unexpectedly, the data suggest that PD-1-deficient thymocytes produce elevated levels of IL-2, a Treg niche-limiting cytokine. Collectively, these data suggest a novel role for PD-1 in regulating IL-2 production and the concurrent agonist selection of murine thymic Tregs. This observation has implications for the use of checkpoint blockade in the context of cancer and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Caruso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland,OR
| | - Amy E. Moran
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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7
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Liu J, Yang T, Luo Y, Ma Z, Yu Z, Zhang L, Liu G, Wen J, Lu G, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Luo W, Li Y, Yang N, Zhou J, Lu Y, Chen S, Zeng X. DEAD-box helicase 1 inhibited CD8 + T cell antitumor activity by inducing PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:763-776. [PMID: 38243657 PMCID: PMC10921000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) does not respond well to current treatments, even immune checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1 or CD274 molecule)-mediated immune escape of tumor cells may be a key factor affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression and immune escape require further exploration. Here, we observed that DDX1 (DEAD-box helicase 1) was overexpressed in HCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Additionally, DDX1 expression correlated negatively with CD8+ T cell frequency. DDX1 overexpression significantly increased interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated PD-L1 expression in HCC cell lines. DDX1 overexpression decreased IFN-γ and granzyme B production in CD8+ T cells and inhibited CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, DDX1 plays an essential role in developing the immune escape microenvironment, rendering it a potential predictor of ICI therapy efficacy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ti Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yurong Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zengxin Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Gai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jianfan Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Guankun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wang Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Nengjia Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Interventional RadiologyGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiancheng Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic & Hernia SurgeryGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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8
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Chen S, Lei J, Mou H, Zhang W, Jin L, Lu S, Yinwang E, Xue Y, Shao Z, Chen T, Wang F, Zhao S, Chai X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Ye Z, Li B. Multiple influence of immune cells in the bone metastatic cancer microenvironment on tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335366. [PMID: 38464516 PMCID: PMC10920345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common organ for solid tumor metastasis. Malignant bone tumor becomes insensitive to systemic therapy after colonization, followed by poor prognosis and high relapse rate. Immune and bone cells in situ constitute a unique immune microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in the context of bone metastasis. This review firstly focuses on lymphatic cells in bone metastatic cancer, including their function in tumor dissemination, invasion, growth and possible cytotoxicity-induced eradication. Subsequently, we examine myeloid cells, namely macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and megakaryocytes, evaluating their interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes and contribution to bone metastasis. As important components of skeletal tissue, osteoclasts and osteoblasts derived from bone marrow stromal cells, engaging in 'vicious cycle' accelerate osteolytic bone metastasis. We also explain the concept tumor dormancy and investigate underlying role of immune microenvironment on it. Additionally, a thorough review of emerging treatments for bone metastatic malignancy in clinical research, especially immunotherapy, is presented, indicating current challenges and opportunities in research and development of bone metastasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangchu Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senxu Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Attias M, Piccirillo CA. The impact of Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells on CD8 + T-cell dysfunction in tumour microenvironments and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38325330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a breakthrough in cancer therapy, inducing durable remissions in responding patients. However, they are associated with variable outcomes, spanning from disease hyperprogression to complete responses with the onset of immune-related adverse events. The consequences of checkpoint inhibition on Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells remain unclear but could provide key insights into these variable outcomes. In this review, we first cover the mechanisms that underlie the development of hot and cold tumour microenvironments, which determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. We then outline how differences in tumour-intrinsic immunogenicity, T-cell trafficking, local metabolic environments and inhibitory checkpoint signalling differentially impair CD8+ T-cell function in tumour microenvironments, all the while promoting Treg -cell suppressive activity. Finally, we focus on the mechanisms that enable the induction of polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells upon checkpoint blockade and discuss the role of ICI-induced Treg -cell reactivation in acquired resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaël Attias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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10
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Yang Q, Zhang F, Chen H, Hu Y, Yang N, Yang W, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu R, Xu C. The differentiation courses of the Tfh cells: a new perspective on autoimmune disease pathogenesis and treatment. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231723. [PMID: 38051200 PMCID: PMC10830446 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicular helper T cells are derived from CD4+T cells, promoting the formation of germinal centers and assisting B cells to produce antibodies. This review describes the differentiation process of Tfh cells from the perspectives of the initiation, maturation, migration, efficacy, and subset classification of Tfh cells, and correlates it with autoimmune disease, to provide information for researchers to fully understand Tfh cells and provide further research ideas to manage immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Mianzhu, Mianzhu, Sichuan, 618200, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Yuman Hu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Wenyan Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Yaxu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
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11
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Jin Q, Feng J, Yan Y, Kuang Y. Prognostic and immunological role of adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit mu2 in colon cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:483. [PMID: 38177168 PMCID: PMC10767120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression levels and prognostic role of AP3M2 in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) have yet to be fully unveiled. Our study comprehensively investigated the clinical significance of AP3M2 in colorectal cancer through an extensive bioinformatics data mining process (TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, Timer, Ualcan, ROCPLOT, and David), followed by experimental validation. We found AP3M2 is a cancer gene, which can be used to distinguish between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, colorectal polyp. Higher AP3M2 expression levels were associated with longer overall survival in colon adenocarcinoma. AP3M2 might be the primary biomarker for oxaliplatin in colon cancer and an acquired resistance biomarker for oxaliplatin and 5-fu. AP3M2 was positively associated with CD274, CTLA4. AP3M2 might be associated with T-cell, NF-kappaB transcription factor activity, and response to hypoxia. AP3M2 could predict chemotherapy effectiveness and prognosis for colon cancer patients. AP3M2 might inhibit tumor growth via influencing tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the context of Tumor microenvironment. AP3M2 plays as an oncogene in CRAC and is suggested as a new potential biotarget for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Kuang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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12
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Patel A, Andre V, Eguiguren SB, Barton MI, Burton J, Denham EM, Pettmann J, Mørch AM, Kutuzov MA, Siller-Farfán JA, Dustin ML, van der Merwe PA, Dushek O. Using CombiCells, a platform for titration and combinatorial display of cell surface ligands, to study T-cell antigen sensitivity modulation by accessory receptors. EMBO J 2024; 43:132-150. [PMID: 38177315 PMCID: PMC10897201 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding cellular decisions due to receptor-ligand interactions at cell-cell interfaces has been hampered by the difficulty of independently varying the surface density of multiple different ligands. Here, we express the synthetic binder protein SpyCatcher, designed to form spontaneous covalent bonds with interactors carrying a Spytag, on the cell surface. Using this, we show that addition of different concentrations and combinations of native Spytag-fused ligands allows for the combinatorial display of ligands on cells within minutes. We use this combinatorial display of cell surface ligands-called CombiCells-to assess T cell antigen sensitivity and the impact of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition receptors. We find that the T cell receptor (TCR) displayed greater sensitivity to peptides on major-histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) than synthetic chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) and bi-specific T cell engager (BiTEs) display to their target antigen, CD19. While TCR sensitivity was greatly enhanced by CD2/CD58 interactions, CAR sensitivity was primarily but more modestly enhanced by LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions. Lastly, we show that PD-1/PD-L1 engagement inhibited T cell activation triggered solely by TCR/pMHC interactions, as well as the amplified activation induced by CD2 and CD28 co-stimulation. The ability to easily produce cells with different concentrations and combinations of ligands should accelerate the study of receptor-ligand interactions at cell-cell interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Patel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Violaine Andre
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Michael I Barton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jake Burton
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Eleanor M Denham
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- EnaraBio Ltd, The Bellhouse Building, Oxford Science Park, Sanders Road, Oxford, OX44GD, UK
| | - Johannes Pettmann
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Mørch
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mikhail A Kutuzov
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Michael L Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
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13
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Chan W, Cao YM, Zhao X, Schrom EC, Jia D, Song J, Sibener LV, Dong S, Fernandes RA, Bradfield CJ, Smelkinson M, Kabat J, Hor JL, Altan-Bonnet G, Garcia KC, Germain RN. TCR ligand potency differentially impacts PD-1 inhibitory effects on diverse signaling pathways. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231242. [PMID: 37796477 PMCID: PMC10555889 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade revolutionized cancer therapy, but we still lack a quantitative, mechanistic understanding of how inhibitory receptors affect diverse signaling pathways. To address this issue, we developed and applied a fluorescent intracellular live multiplex signal transduction activity reporter (FILMSTAR) system to analyze PD-1-induced suppressive effects. These studies identified pathways triggered solely by TCR or requiring both TCR and CD28 inputs. Using presenting cells differing in PD-L1 and CD80 expression while displaying TCR ligands of distinct potency, we found that PD-1-mediated inhibition primarily targets TCR-linked signals in a manner highly sensitive to peptide ligand quality. These findings help resolve discrepancies in existing data about the site(s) of PD-1 inhibition in T cells while emphasizing the importance of neoantigen potency in controlling the effects of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waipan Chan
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuqi M. Cao
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward C. Schrom
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah V. Sibener
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shen Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Clinton J. Bradfield
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margery Smelkinson
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Joseph GJ, Johnson DB, Johnson RW. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bone metastasis: Clinical challenges, toxicities, and mechanisms. J Bone Oncol 2023; 43:100505. [PMID: 37842554 PMCID: PMC10568292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the field of anti-cancer therapy over the last decade; they provide durable clinical responses against tumors by inhibiting immune checkpoint proteins that canonically regulate the T cell-mediated immune response. Despite their success in many primary tumors and soft tissue metastases, ICIs function poorly in patients with bone metastases, and these patients do not have the same survival benefit as patients with the same primary tumor type (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC], urothelial, renal cell carcinoma [RCC], etc.) that has not metastasized to the bone. Additionally, immune-related adverse events including rheumatologic and musculoskeletal toxicities, bone loss, and increased fracture risk develop after treatment with ICIs. There are few preclinical studies that investigate the interplay of the immune system in bone metastases; however, the current literature suggests a role for CD8+ T cells and myeloid cell subsets in bone homeostasis. As such, this review focuses on findings from the clinical and pre-clinical studies that have investigated immune checkpoint blockade in the bone metastatic setting and highlights the need for more comprehensive investigations into the relationship between immune cell subsets, ICIs, and the bone-tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth J. Joseph
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W. Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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15
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Agarwal S, Aznar MA, Rech AJ, Good CR, Kuramitsu S, Da T, Gohil M, Chen L, Hong SJA, Ravikumar P, Rennels AK, Salas-Mckee J, Kong W, Ruella M, Davis MM, Plesa G, Fraietta JA, Porter DL, Young RM, June CH. Deletion of the inhibitory co-receptor CTLA-4 enhances and invigorates chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:2388-2407.e9. [PMID: 37776850 PMCID: PMC10591801 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19 has achieved tremendous success treating B cell malignancies; however, some patients fail to respond due to poor autologous T cell fitness. To improve response rates, we investigated whether disruption of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA4 or PD-1 could restore CART function. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of CTLA4 in preclinical models of leukemia and myeloma improved CAR T cell proliferation and anti-tumor efficacy. Importantly, this effect was specific to CTLA4 and not seen upon deletion of CTLA4 and/or PDCD1 in CAR T cells. Mechanistically, CTLA4 deficiency permitted unopposed CD28 signaling and maintenance of CAR expression on the T cell surface under conditions of high antigen load. In clinical studies, deletion of CTLA4 rescued the function of T cells from patients with leukemia that previously failed CAR T cell treatment. Thus, selective deletion of CTLA4 reinvigorates dysfunctional chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient T cells, providing a strategy for increasing patient responses to CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charly R Good
- Department Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seok-Jae Albert Hong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pranali Ravikumar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin K Rennels
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - January Salas-Mckee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan M Davis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David L Porter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Donini C, Galvagno F, Rotolo R, Massa A, Merlini A, Scagliotti GV, Novello S, Bironzo P, Leuci V, Sangiolo D. PD-1 receptor outside the main paradigm: tumour-intrinsic role and clinical implications for checkpoint blockade. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1409-1416. [PMID: 37474722 PMCID: PMC10628145 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking the inhibitory receptor PD-1 on antitumour T lymphocytes is the main rationale underlying the clinical successes of cancer immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor (CI) antibodies (Abs). Besides this main paradigm, there is recent evidence of unconventional and "ectopic" signalling pathways of PD-1, found to be expressed not only by lymphocytes but also by peculiar subsets of cancer cells. Several groups reported on the tumour-intrinsic role of PD-1 in multiple settings, including melanoma, hepatocellular, thyroid, lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Its functional activity appears intriguing but is not yet conclusively clarified. The initial studies are, in fact, supporting either a pro-tumourigenic role involved in chemoresistance and disease relapse or, oppositely, tumour-suppressive functions. The implications connected to the therapeutic administration of PD-1 blocking Abs are, of course, potentially relevant, respectively inferring an anti-tumour activity contrasting PD-1+ tumourigenic cells or a pro-tumoural effect by tackling PD-1 tumour suppressive signalling. The progressive exploration and consideration of this new paradigm of tumour-intrinsic PD-1 signalling may improve the interpretation of the observed clinical effects by anti-PD-1 Abs, likely resulting from multiple cumulative activities, and might provide important bases for dedicated clinical studies that take into account such composite roles of PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Galvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Massa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Merlini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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17
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Elliot TAE, Lecky DAJ, Bending D. T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:967-977. [PMID: 37386922 PMCID: PMC10539945 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint immunotherapies act to block inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells and other cells of the immune system. This can increase activation of immune cells and promote tumour clearance. Whilst this is very effective in some types of cancer, significant proportions of patients do not respond to single-agent immunotherapy. To improve patient outcomes, we must first mechanistically understand what drives therapy resistance. Many studies have utilised genetic, transcriptional, and histological signatures to find correlates of effective responses to treatment. It is key that we understand pretreatment predictors of response, but also to understand how the immune system becomes treatment resistant during therapy. Here, we review our understanding of the T-cell signatures that are critical for response, how these immune signatures change during treatment, and how this information can be used to rationally design therapeutic strategies. We highlight how chronic antigen recognition drives heterogeneous T-cell exhaustion and the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength in exhausted T-cell differentiation and molecular response to therapy. We explore how dynamic changes in negative feedback pathways can promote resistance to single-agent therapy. We speculate that this resistance may be circumvented in the future through identifying the most effective combinations of immunotherapies to promote sustained and durable antitumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David A J Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
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18
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Wang M, Yu F, Li P. Noncoding RNAs as an emerging resistance mechanism to immunotherapies in cancer: basic evidence and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268745. [PMID: 37767098 PMCID: PMC10520974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge in the field of oncoimmunology has led to extensive research into tumor immune landscape and a plethora of clinical immunotherapy trials in cancer patients. Immunotherapy has become a clinically beneficial alternative to traditional treatments by enhancing the power of the host immune system against cancer. However, it only works for a minority of cancers. Drug resistance continues to be a major obstacle to the success of immunotherapy in cancer. A fundamental understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance in cancer patients will provide new potential directions for further investigations of cancer treatment. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are tightly linked with cancer initiation and development due to their critical roles in gene expression and epigenetic modulation. The clear appreciation of the role of ncRNAs in tumor immunity has opened new frontiers in cancer research and therapy. Furthermore, ncRNAs are increasingly acknowledged as a key factor influencing immunotherapeutic treatment outcomes. Here, we review the available evidence on the roles of ncRNAs in immunotherapy resistance, with an emphasis on the associated mechanisms behind ncRNA-mediated immune resistance. The clinical implications of immune-related ncRNAs are also discussed, shedding light on the potential ncRNA-based therapies to overcome the resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Zhao L, Ma Y, Song X, Wu Y, Jin P, Chen G. PD-1: A New Candidate Target for Analgesic Peptide Design. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1142-1150. [PMID: 36781089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common health problem in humans. The unique properties and valuable clinical applications of analgesic peptides make them attractive pharmacotherapy options for pain control. Numerous targets for pain modulation processes are currently known, including opioid receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated ion channels, neuronal nicotinic receptors, and neurotensin receptors. However, these targets are not able to address the development needs of peptide-based drugs. Recent studies revealed that programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is widely expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord, and cerebral cortex. PD-1 signaling in neurons is involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity. PD-1 is able to silence nociceptive neurons upon activation. Consistently, Pd1 deficiency or blockade increases the pain sensitivity in naïve mice. PD-1 agonists, including PD-L1 and H-20, evoke Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) phosphorylation, modulate neuronal excitability, and attenuate acute and chronic pain with minimal opioid-related adverse effects, suggesting a superior therapeutic index and a sound strategy for the development novel nonopioid analgesics. In addition, PD-1 signaling in non-neuronal cells could alleviate chronic pain by regulating neuroinflammation. Here, we review the potential and challenges of PD-1 as a candidate target for the development of analgesic peptides. PERSPECTIVE: This review paper aims to review recent advances in research on PD-1 in the domain of pain interference, explore how to obtain more promising PD-1 receptor-targeting analgesic peptides based on PD-L1 and analgesic peptide H-20 for relieving pathological pain, and offer potential optimization strategies for follow-up work of H-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengjie Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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20
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Lopez E, Hidalgo S, Roa E, Gómez J, Hermansen Truan C, Sanders E, Carrasco C, Pacheco R, Salazar-Onfray F, Varas-Godoy M, Borgna V, Lladser A. Preclinical evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen as a potential immunotherapy for gallbladder cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2225291. [PMID: 37363103 PMCID: PMC10288912 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2225291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is commonly diagnosed at late stages when conventional treatments achieve only modest clinical benefit. Therefore, effective treatments for advanced GBC are needed. In this context, the administration of T cells genetically engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has shown remarkable results in hematological cancers and is being extensively studied for solid tumors. Interestingly, GBC tumors express canonical tumor-associated antigens, including the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, the potential of CEA as a relevant antigen in GBC to be targeted by CAR-T cell-based immunotherapy has not been addressed. Here we show that CEA was expressed in 88% of GBC tumors, with higher levels associated with advanced disease stages. CAR-T cells specifically recognized plate-bound CEA as evidenced by up-regulation of 4-1BB, CD69 and PD-1, and production of effector cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. In addition, CD8+ CAR-T cells up-regulated the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin. Interestingly, CAR-T cell activation occurred even in the presence of PD-L1. Consistent with these results, CAR-T cells efficiently recognized GBC cell lines expressing CEA and PD-L1, but not a CEA-negative cell line. Furthermore, CAR-T cells exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity and reduced in vivo tumor growth of GB-d1 cells. In summary, we demonstrate that CEA represents a relevant antigen for GBC that can be targeted by CAR-T cells at the preclinical level. This study warrants further development of the adoptive transfer of CEA-specific CAR-T cells as a potential immunotherapy for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Lopez
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Hidalgo
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Roa
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Gómez
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Evy Sanders
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Subdepartamento de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vincenzo Borgna
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Centro Cientifico y Tecnologico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Ibis B, Aliazis K, Cao C, Yenyuwadee S, Boussiotis VA. Immune-related adverse effects of checkpoint immunotherapy and implications for the treatment of patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197364. [PMID: 37342323 PMCID: PMC10277501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the emergence of antibody-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against tumors. These therapies have offered treatment options to patients who are no longer responding to classic anti-cancer therapies. By blocking inhibitory signals mediated by surface receptors that are naturally upregulated during activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells, predominantly PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, as well as CTLA-4, such blocking agents have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, breaking these inhibitory signals cannot be selectively targeted to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the physiologic role of these inhibitory receptors, known as immune checkpoints (IC) is to maintain peripheral tolerance by preventing the activation of autoreactive immune cells, IC inhibitors (ICI) induce multiple types of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). These irAEs, together with the natural properties of ICs as gatekeepers of self-tolerance, have precluded the use of ICI in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, currently accumulating data indicates that ICI might be safely administered to such patients. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of well established and newly recognized irAEs and evolving knowledge from the application of ICI therapies in patients with cancer and pre-existing ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Ibis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carol Cao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sasitorn Yenyuwadee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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22
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Bhagwat B, de Waal Malefyt R, Willingham A. Investigating combination benefit of PD1 and LAG3 co-blockade using an engineered cellular bioassay. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:109566. [PMID: 37044037 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
LAG3 and PD1 are both immunomodulatory receptor that act by inhibiting activation of T cells, producing a more immunosuppressive environment. Even with the recent clinical success of PD1 and LAG3 co-blockade, signal transduction downstream of LAG3 remains largely unknown. We have leveraged an engineered Jurkat (T cell) and Raji (APC) co-culture system to assess simultaneous blockade of PD1 and LAG3 pathways using antibodies. RNA-Seq analysis of cell pellets individually treated with LAG3 or PD1 antibodies revealed modest immune activation however, 5-fold more genes were upregulated upon combination treatment. There were increases in costimulatory genes like CD28, CD5, CD6 as well as intracellular signaling molecules like LCP2 and ITK. Given the role of ERK in immune activation of T cells, pERK levels of Jurkat cells in the assay were evaluated. A very modest activation of pERK was observed with anti-LAG3 compared to anti-PD1 but a combination treatment resulted in prolonged ERK phosphorylation. Treatment of Jurkat cells with a commercial phosphatase inhibitor NSC87877 which can impact many phosphatases resulted in immune activation, measured by increased IL2 levels, only in the presence of LAG3. When NSC87877 was combined with the PD1 antibody, it could phenocopy combination benefit of PD1 and LAG3 blocking antibodies. CD28 has a recognized role in PD1 signaling but the impact on LAG3 signaling remains unknown. CD28 knockout in Jurkat cells affected overall IL-2 response of both LAG3 and PD1 antibody treatment but still retained combination benefit. Taken together this reductionist system highlights differences in downstream effects of LAG3 and PD1 blockade and we believe that the assay may have further utility to dissect convergence of both signaling pathways and augment studies in primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rene de Waal Malefyt
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Synthekine, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
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23
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Arianfar E, Khandoozi SR, Mohammadi S, Memarian A. Suppression of CD56 bright NK cells in breast cancer patients is associated with the PD-1 and TGF-βRII expression. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:841-851. [PMID: 36414921 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells, as professional cytotoxic cells, play a key role against cancer in the early and metastatic stages. Their functional defects are highly associated with the initiation or progression of breast cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 26 newly diagnosed BC patients in comparison to 12 healthy counterparts. METHODS Expression of CXCR3 and PD-1, and also NKG2D, and TGF-βRII were studied on CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells from fresh peripheral blood (PB) samples using flow cytometry. The plasma levels of IFN-γ and soluble MIC-A levels were also assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Both CD56dim and CD56bright NK subtypes showed lower CXCR3 and NKG2D expression in BC patients than healthy subjects. Furthermore, patients' CD56bright NK cells significantly showed higher expression levels of TGF-βRII and PD-1. Interestingly, increased concentration of MIC-A level in plasma of BC patients was associated with the higher TGF-βRII and PD-1 expression in all NK cells, while the plasma level of IFN-γ was associated with the lower TGF-βRII expression on CD56bright NK cells in these patients. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated phenotypically suppressed-NK cells, especially in the CD56bright subset of BC patients. It specifies their potential incompetence and outlines decrement of their anti-tumor activity, which could be interrelated with the tumor pathogenesis, TME immunosuppression, and so disease progression. The induction of compensatory mechanisms revives NK cells function and could be used in combination with the conventional treatments as a putative therapeutic approach for targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Arianfar
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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24
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Sheriff L, Copland A, Bending D. T cell biomarkers come to the fore in cancer immunotherapy. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 4:100989. [PMID: 37001529 PMCID: PMC10140386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study by van der Sluis et al.1 demonstrates immunotherapeutic targeting of OX40 and PD-L1 results in enhanced tumor clearance, which is linked to the dynamic emergence of distinct subsets of CD8+ T cells.
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25
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Kennedy A, Robinson MA, Hinze C, Waters E, Williams C, Halliday N, Dovedi S, Sansom DM. The CTLA-4 immune checkpoint protein regulates PD-L1:PD-1 interaction via transendocytosis of its ligand CD80. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111556. [PMID: 36727298 PMCID: PMC9975936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 and PD-1 are key immune checkpoint receptors that are targeted in the treatment of cancer. A recently identified physical interaction between the respective ligands, CD80 and PD-L1, has been shown to block PD-L1/PD-1 binding and to prevent PD-L1 inhibitory functions. Since CTLA-4 is known to capture and degrade its ligands via transendocytosis, we investigated the interplay between CD80 transendocytosis and CD80/PD-L1 interaction. We find that transendocytosis of CD80 results in a time-dependent recovery of PD-L1 availability that correlates with CD80 removal. Moreover, CD80 transendocytosis is highly specific in that only CD80 is internalised, while its heterodimeric PD-L1 partner remains on the plasma membrane of the antigen-presenting cell (APC). CTLA-4 interactions with CD80 do not appear to be inhibited by PD-L1, but efficient removal of CD80 requires an intact CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain, distinguishing this process from more general trogocytosis and simple CTLA-4 binding to CD80/PD-L1 complexes. These data are consistent with CTLA-4 acting as modulator of PD-L1:PD-1 interactions via control of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kennedy
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Claudia Hinze
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | - Erin Waters
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Neil Halliday
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
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26
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Transcriptomic profiling of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressing T cells in early rheumatoid arthritis identifies a decreased CD4 + PD-1 + signature post-treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2847. [PMID: 36801909 PMCID: PMC9938264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-expressing T cells are expanded in individuals with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about their functional role in the pathogenesis of early RA. To address this, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ PD-1+ lymphocytes from patients with early RA (n = 5) using fluorescence activated cell sorting in conjunction with total RNA sequencing. Additionally, we assessed for alterations in CD4+PD-1+ gene signatures in previously published synovial tissue (ST) biopsy data (n = 19) (GSE89408, GSE97165) before and after six-months of triple disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (tDMARD) treatment. Comparisons of gene signatures between CD4+PD-1+ vs. PD-1- cells identified significant upregulation of genes including CXCL13 and MAF, and in pathways including Th1 and Th2, cross talk between dendritic cells and NK cells, B cell development and antigen presentation. Gene signatures from early RA ST before and after six-month tDMARD treatment revealed downregulation of the CD4+PD-1+ signatures following treatment, identifying a mechanism through which tDMARDs exert their effect by influencing T cell populations. Furthermore, we identify factors associated with B cell help that are enhanced in the ST compared with PBMCs, highlighting their importance in driving synovial inflammation.
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Edner NM, Ntavli E, Petersone L, Wang CJ, Fabri A, Kogimtzis A, Ovcinnikovs V, Ross EM, Heuts F, Elfaki Y, Houghton LP, Talbot T, Sheri A, Pender A, Chao D, Walker LSK. Stratification of PD-1 blockade response in melanoma using pre- and post-treatment immunophenotyping of peripheral blood. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2023; 3:ltad001. [PMID: 36818683 PMCID: PMC9929715 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor therapies in cancer varies greatly, with some patients showing complete responses while others do not respond and experience progressive disease. We aimed to identify correlates of response and progression following PD-1-directed therapy by immunophenotyping peripheral blood samples from 20 patients with advanced malignant melanoma before and after treatment with the PD-1 blocking antibody pembrolizumab. Our data reveal that individuals responding to PD-1 blockade were characterised by increased CD8 T cell proliferation following treatment, while progression was associated with an increase in CTLA-4-expressing Treg. Remarkably, unsupervised clustering analysis of pre-treatment T cell subsets revealed differences in individuals that went on to respond to PD-1 blockade compared to individuals that did not. These differences mapped to expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the costimulatory receptor CD28 as well as the inhibitory molecules 2B4 and KLRG1. While these results require validation in larger patient cohorts, they suggest that flow cytometric analysis of a relatively small number of T cell markers in peripheral blood could potentially allow stratification of PD-1 blockade treatment response prior to therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Edner
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Lina Petersone
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Kogimtzis
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Frank Heuts
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Yassin Elfaki
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Luke P Houghton
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - Amna Sheri
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pender
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Chao
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
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28
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Rodríguez-Guilarte L, Ramírez MA, Andrade CA, Kalergis AM. LAG-3 Contribution to T Cell Downmodulation during Acute Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:147. [PMID: 36680187 PMCID: PMC9865459 DOI: 10.3390/v15010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LAG-3 is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells, such as activated T cells, and binds to MHC class II with high affinity. LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor, and its multiple biological activities on T cell activation and effector functions play a regulatory role in the immune response. Immunotherapies directed at immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, have become a promising strategy for controlling malignant tumors and chronic viral diseases. Several studies have suggested an association between the expression of LAG-3 with an inadequate immune response during respiratory viral infections and the susceptibility to reinfections, which might be a consequence of the inhibition of T cell effector functions. However, important information relative to therapeutic potential during acute viral lower respiratory tract infections and the mechanism of action of the LAG-3 checkpoint remains to be characterized. In this article, we discuss the contribution of LAG-3 to the impairment of T cells during viral respiratory infections. Understanding the host immune response to respiratory infections is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mario A. Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
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Awadasseid A, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Tian K, Wu Y, Zhang W. Current studies and future promises of PD-1 signal inhibitors in cervical cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114057. [PMID: 36463828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 (Programmed cell death-1) is a receptor that inhibits the activation of T cells and is an important target for cancer immunotherapy. PD-1 expression stays high on antigen-specific T cells that have been stimulated for a long time, making them less responsive to stimuli. Consequently, there has been a recent surge in the number of researchers focusing on how the PD-1 axis delivers inhibitory signals to uncover new therapeutic targets. As an inhibitory signaling mechanism, the PD-1 axis controls immunological responses. Blocking the PD-1 axis has been shown to have long-lasting effects on various cancers, demonstrating the crucial role of PD-1 in blocking anti-tumor immunity. Despite this role, most patients do not respond to PD-1 monotherapy, and some have experienced adverse events. Many challenges remain regarding the PD-1 signaling axis to be addressed. In this review, we outline the most recent research and prospects of PD-1 signal inhibitors to enhance cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annoor Awadasseid
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Moganshan Institute ZJUT, Deqing 313202, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Biochemistry & Food Sciences, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid 51111, Sudan
| | - Yongnan Zhou
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Koutian Zhang
- Zhejiang Jianing Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Kaiming Tian
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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30
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Le Saux G, Toledo-Ashkenazi E, Schvartzman M. Fabrication of Nanoscale Arrays to Study the Effect of Ligand Arrangement on Inhibitory Signaling in NK Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2654:313-325. [PMID: 37106191 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular scale nanopatterns of bioactive molecules have been used to study the effect of transmembrane receptor arrangement on a variety of cell types, including immune cells and their immune response in particular. However, state-of-the-art fabrication approaches have thus far enabled the production of patterns with control over one receptor type only. Herein, we describe a protocol to fabricate arrays for the molecular scale control of the segregation between activating and inhibitory receptors in NK cells. We used this platform to study how ligand segregation regulates NK cell inhibitory signaling and function. The arrays are based on patterns of nanodots of two metals, selectively functionalized with activating and inhibitory ligands. Due to the versatility of our functionalization approach, this protocol can be applied to configurate virtually any combination of extracellular ligands into controlled multifunctional arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Saux
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isle Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Esti Toledo-Ashkenazi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isle Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mark Schvartzman
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isle Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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31
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Miyamoto K, Hayabuchi H, Tokifuji Y, Ando M, Onishi N, Okamura T, Yoshimura A, Chikuma S. A protein kinase D inhibitor suppresses AKT on T cells and antagonizes cancer immunotherapy by anti-PD-1. Int Immunol 2022; 34:609-619. [PMID: 35849090 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block the interaction between PD-1 and PD-1 ligands (anti-PD-1) are in clinical use for the treatment of cancer, yet their efficacy is limited. Pre-approved therapies that enhance the effect of anti-PD-1 in combination are beneficial. Small-molecule inhibitors that attenuate T cell receptor signaling are reported to prevent T cell exhaustion and induce memory T cells with stem cell potential, resulting in a durable effector T cell response in combination with anti-PD-1. In search of such targets, we focused on protein kinase D (PKD), which is suggested to be suppressive in both tumor growth and TCR signaling. We report that CRT0066101, a PKD inhibitor (PKDi), suppressed the growth of mouse tumors at a sub-micromolar concentration in vitro. Despite its inhibitory effects on tumors, a single treatment of tumor-bearing mice with PKDi did not inhibit, but rather accelerated tumor growth, and reversed the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1. Mice treated with PKDi showed reduced T cell infiltration and defects in the generation of effector T cells, compared to those treated with anti-PD-1, suggesting that PKDi inhibited ongoing antitumor responses. Mechanistically, PKDi inhibited phosphorylation of AKT, a primary checkpoint that is reactivated by anti-PD-1. In conclusion, PKD is fundamentally required for T cell reactivation by anti-PD-1; therefore, inhibition of PKD is not appropriate for combination therapy with anti-PD-1. On the other hand, a single dose of PKDi was shown to strongly suppress experimental autoimmunity in mice, indicating that PKDi could be useful for the treatment of immune-related adverse events that are frequently reported in anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hodaka Hayabuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tokifuji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo 157-8777, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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32
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Laba S, Mallett G, Amarnath S. The depths of PD-1 function within the tumor microenvironment beyond CD8 + T cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1045-1055. [PMID: 34048897 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is a cell surface receptor that is expressed in both innate and adaptive immune cells. The role of PD-1 in adaptive immune cells, specifically in CD8+ T cells, has been thoroughly investigated but its significance in other immune cells is yet to be well established. This review will address the role of PD-1 based therapies in enhancing non-CD8+ T cell immune responses within cancer. Specifically, the expression and function of PD-1 in non-CD8+ immune cell compartments such as CD4+ T helper cell subsets, myeloid cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) will be discussed. By understanding the immune cell specific function of PD-1 within tissue resident innate and adaptive immune cells, it will be possible to stratify patients for PD-1 based therapies for both immunogeneic and non-immunogeneic neoplastic disorders. With this knowledge from fundamental and translational studies, PD-1 based therapies can be utilized to enhance T cell independent immune responses in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Laba
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Grace Mallett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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33
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Yenyuwadee S, Aliazis K, Wang Q, Christofides A, Shah R, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Immune cellular components and signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:187-201. [PMID: 35985559 PMCID: PMC10735089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the emergence of antibody-based and cell-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against tumors. These new therapies have extended and improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy and have offered treatment options to patients who are no longer responding to these classic anti-cancer treatments. Unfortunately, tumor eradication and long-lasting responses are observed in a small fraction of patients, whereas the majority of patients respond only transiently. These outcomes indicate that the maximum potential of immunotherapy has not been reached due to incomplete knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that guide the development of successful anti-tumor immunity and its failure. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the immune cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the role of key signaling mechanisms that compromise the function of immune cells leading to cancer immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Yenyuwadee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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34
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Yu L, Sun M, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Harnessing the immune system by targeting immune checkpoints: Providing new hope for Oncotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982026. [PMID: 36159789 PMCID: PMC9498063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of harnessing the host’s immune system to provide long-lasting remission and cures for various cancers, the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the cancer therapy field. Among the current immunotherapeutic strategies, immune checkpoint blockades have greatly improved the overall survival rates in certain patient populations. Of note, CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are two major non-redundant immune checkpoints implicated in promoting cancer immune evasion, and ultimately lead to relapse. Antibodies or inhibitors targeting these two c+heckpoints have achieved some encouraging clinical outcomes. Further, beyond the canonical immune checkpoints, more inhibitory checkpoints have been identified. Herein, we will summarize recent progress in immune checkpoint blockade therapies, with a specific focus on key pre-clinical and clinical results of new immune checkpoint therapies for cancer. Given the crucial roles of immune checkpoint blockade in oncotherapy, drugs targeting checkpoint molecules expressed by both cancer and immune cells are in clinical trials, which will be comprehensively summarized in this review. Taken together, investigating combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints expressed by cancer cells and immune cells will greatly improve immunotherapies that enhance host elimination of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
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35
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McGee MC, Zhang T, Magazine N, Islam R, Carossino M, Huang W. PD-1 and ICOS counter-regulate tissue resident regulatory T cell development and IL-10 production during flu. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984476. [PMID: 36159872 PMCID: PMC9492985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 (Treg cells) are a highly heterogenous population of immunoregulatory cells critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing immunopathology during infections. Tissue resident Treg (TR-Treg) cells are maintained within nonlymphoid tissues and have been shown to suppress proinflammatory tissue resident T cell responses and promote tissue repair. Human populations are repetitively exposed to influenza infections and lung tissue resident effector T cell responses are associated with flu-induced long-term pulmonary sequelae. The kinetics of TR-Treg cell development and molecular features of TR-Treg cells during repeated and/or long-term flu infections are unclear. Utilizing a Foxp3RFP/IL-10GFP dual reporter mouse model along with intravascular fluorescent in vivo labeling, we characterized the TR-Treg cell responses to repetitive heterosubtypic influenza infections. We found lung tissue resident Treg cells accumulated and expressed high levels of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors post primary and secondary infections. Blockade of PD-1 or ICOS signaling reveals that PD-1 and ICOS signaling pathways counter-regulate TR-Treg cell expansion and IL-10 production, during secondary influenza infection. Furthermore, the virus-specific TR-Treg cell response displayed distinct kinetics, when compared to conventional CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells, during secondary flu infection. Our results provide insight into the tissue resident Foxp3+ regulatory T cell response during repetitive flu infections, which may be applicable to other respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Weishan Huang,
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36
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Lu J, Wu J, Mao L, Xu H, Wang S. Revisiting PD-1/PD-L pathway in T and B cell response: Beyond immunosuppression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:58-65. [PMID: 35850949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of T cell response depends on co-inhibitory pathways that serve to control immune-mediated tissue damage and resolve inflammation by modulating the magnitude and duration of immune response. In this process, the axis of T-cell-expressed programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) play a key role. While the PD-1/PD-L pathway has received considerable attention for its role in the maintenance of T cell exhaustion in cancer and chronic infection, the PD-1/PD-L pathway also plays diverse roles in regulating host immunity beyond T cell exhaustion. In this review, we will discuss emerging concepts in co-stimulatory functions of PD-1/PD-L pathway on T cell- and B cell response and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. In addition, based on the elevated expression of PD-1 and its ligands in local inflamed tissues, we further discussed the role of PD-1/PD-L pathway in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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37
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Sitta J, Claudio PP, Howard CM. Virus-Based Immuno-Oncology Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061441. [PMID: 35740462 PMCID: PMC9220907 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been extensively explored in recent years with encouraging results in selected types of cancer. Such success aroused interest in the expansion of such indications, requiring a deep understanding of the complex role of the immune system in carcinogenesis. The definition of hot vs. cold tumors and the role of the tumor microenvironment enlightened the once obscure understanding of low response rates of solid tumors to immune check point inhibitors. Although the major scope found in the literature focuses on the T cell modulation, the innate immune system is also a promising oncolytic tool. The unveiling of the tumor immunosuppressive pathways, lead to the development of combined targeted therapies in an attempt to increase immune infiltration capability. Oncolytic viruses have been explored in different scenarios, in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs and, more recently, with immune check point inhibitors. Moreover, oncolytic viruses may be engineered to express tumor specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, antibodies, and antigens to enhance immunologic response or block immunosuppressive mechanisms. Development of preclinical models capable to replicate the human immunologic response is one of the major challenges faced by these studies. A thorough understanding of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses’ mechanics is paramount to develop reliable preclinical models with higher chances of successful clinical therapy application. Thus, in this article, we review current concepts in cancer immunotherapy including the inherent and synthetic mechanisms of immunologic enhancement utilizing oncolytic viruses, immune targeting, and available preclinical animal models, their advantages, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sitta
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Pier Paolo Claudio
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Candace M. Howard
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Excessive immunosuppression by regulatory T cells antagonizes T cell response to schistosome infection in PD-1-deficient mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010596. [PMID: 35666747 PMCID: PMC9203022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Prevention of T cell exhaustion by blockade of PD-1 results in clinical benefits to cancer patients and clearance of viral infections, however it remains largely unknown whether loss of PD-1 could prevent or cure schistosomiasis in susceptible mice. In this study, we found that S. japonicum infection dramatically induced PD-1 expression in T cells of the liver where the parasites chronically inhabit and elicit deadly inflammation. Even in mice infected by non-egg-producing unisex parasites, we still observed potent induction of PD-1 in liver T cells of C57BL/6 mice following S. japonicum infection. To determine the function of PD-1 in schistosomiasis, we generated PD-1-deficient mice by CRISPR/Cas9 and found that loss of PD-1 markedly increased T cell count in the liver and spleen of infected mice. IL-4 secreting Th2 cells were significantly decreased in the infected PD-1-deficient mice whereas IFN-γ secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were markedly increased. Surprisingly, such beneficial changes of T cell response did not result in eradication of parasites or in lowering the pathogen burden. In further experiments, we found that loss of PD-1 resulted in both beneficial T cell responses and amplification of regulatory T cells that prevented PD-1-deficient T cells from unleashing anti-parasite activity. Moreover, such PD-1-deficient Tregs exert excessive immunosuppression and express larger amounts of adenosine receptors CD39 and CD73 that are crucial for Treg-mediated immunosuppression. Our experimental results have elucidated the function of PD-1 in schistosomiasis and provide novel insights into prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis on the basis of modulating host adaptive immunity. Chronic schistosome infection leads to exaggerated upregulation of PD-1 in the liver, and loss of PD-1 markedly increased T cell presence in the liver of schistosome infected mice, which was accompanied by suppressed Th2 cytokines but markedly increased IFN-γ secretion in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The beneficial T cell response did not result in eradication of parasites or lowering the pathogen burden. Loss of PD-1 also resulted in amplification of Tregs and excessive Treg-mediated immunosuppression may prevent T cells from unleashing anti-parasitic immunity.
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Zhao LP, Hu JH, Hu D, Wang HJ, Huang CG, Luo RH, Zhou ZH, Huang XY, Xie T, Lou JS. Hyperprogression, a challenge of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatments: potential mechanisms and coping strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112949. [PMID: 35447545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now a mainstay in cancer treatments. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have opened up a new venue of advanced cancer immunotherapy. However, hyperprogressive disease (HPD) induced by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors caused a significant decrease in the overall survival (OS) of the patients, which compromise the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Therefore, HPD has become an urgent issue to be addressed in the clinical uses of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The mechanisms of HPD remain unclear, and possible predictive factors of HPD are not well understood. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of HPD and coping strategies that can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jun-Hu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chang-Gang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Ru-Hua Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zhao-Huang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xin-Yun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Abstract
Programmed Death-1 (PD-1; CD279) is an inhibitory receptor induced in several activated immune cells and, after engagement with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, serves as a key mediator of peripheral tolerance. However, PD-1 signaling also has detrimental effects on T cell function by posing breaks on antitumor and antiviral immunity. PD-1 blocking immunotherapy either alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities has shown great promise in cancer treatment. However, it is unclear why only a small fraction of patients responds to this type of therapy. For this reason, efforts to better understand the mechanisms of PD-1 function have recently been intensified, with the goal to reveal new strategies to overcome current limitations. The signaling pathways that are inhibited by PD-1 impact key regulators of metabolism. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of PD-1 on metabolic reprogramming of immune cells and their consequences on systemic metabolism.
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Zhang C, Wang F, Sun N, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Che Y, Cheng H, Li J, He J. The combination of novel immune checkpoints HHLA2 and ICOSLG: A new system to predict survival and immune features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Dis 2022; 9:415-428. [PMID: 35224157 PMCID: PMC8843897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting B7-CD28 family pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have shown promising results. However, a comprehensive understanding of B7-CD28 family members in ESCC is still limited. This study aimed to construct a novel B7-CD28 family-based prognosis system to predict survival in patients with ESCC. We collected 179 cases from our previously published microarray data and 86 cases with qPCR data. Specifically, 119 microarray data (GSE53624) were used as a training set, whereas the remaining 60 microarray data (GSE53622), all 179 microarray data (GSE53625) and an independent cohort with 86 qPCR data were used for validation. The underlying mechanism and immune landscape of the system were also explored using bioinformatics and immunofluorescence. We examined 13 well-defined B7-CD28 family members and identified 2 genes (ICSOLG and HHLA2) with the greatest prognostic value. A system based on the combination HHLA2 and ICOSLG (B7-CD28 signature) was constructed to distinguish patients as high- or low-risk of an unfavorable outcome, which was further confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. As expected, the signature was well validated in the entire cohort and in the independent cohort, as well as in different clinical subgroups. The signature was found to be closely related to immune-specific biological processes and pathways. Additionally, high-risk group samples demonstrated high infiltration of Tregs and fibroblasts and distinctive immune checkpoint panels. Collectively, we built the first, practical B7-CD28 signature for ESCC that could independently identify high-risk patients. Such information may help inform immunotherapy-based treatment decisions for patients with ESCC.
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Panda AK, Kim YH, Shevach EM. Control of Memory Phenotype T Lymphocyte Homeostasis: Role of Costimulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:851-860. [PMID: 35039334 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), CD4+Foxp3- T cells, and CD8+ T cells are composed of naive phenotype (NP) and memory phenotype (MP) subsets. Ten to 20% of each MP T cell population are cycling (Ki-67+) in vivo. We investigated the contribution of costimulatory (CD28) and coinhibitory (CTLA-4, PD-1) receptors on MP T cell homeostatic proliferation in vivo in the mouse. Blockade of CD28-CD80/CD86 signaling completely abolished MP Tregs and profoundly inhibited MP CD4+Foxp3- T cell proliferation, but it did not affect MP CD8+ T cell proliferation. Marked enhancement of homeostatic proliferation of MP Tregs and MP CD4+Foxp3- T cells was seen after blocking CTLA4-CD80/CD86 interactions and PD-1-PD-L1/2 interactions, and greater enhancement was seen with blockade of both pathways. The CD28 pathway also played an important role in the expansion of Tregs and MP T cells after treatment of mice with agonistic Abs to members of the TNF receptor superfamily, which can act directly (anti-GITR, anti-OX40, anti-4-1BB) or indirectly (anti-CD40) on T cells. Induction of a cytokine storm by blocking the interaction of NK inhibitory receptors with MHC class I had no effect on Treg homeostasis, enhanced MP CD4+ proliferation, and expansion in a CD28-dependent manner, but it enhanced MP CD8+ T cell proliferation in a CD28-independent manner. Because MP T cells exert potent biologic effects primarily before the induction of adaptive immune responses, these findings have important implications for the use of biologic agents designed to suppress autoimmune disease or enhance T effector function in cancer that may have negative effects on MP T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir K Panda
- Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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43
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Sugiura D, Okazaki IM, Maeda TK, Maruhashi T, Shimizu K, Arakaki R, Takemoto T, Ishimaru N, Okazaki T. PD-1 agonism by anti-CD80 inhibits T cell activation and alleviates autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:399-410. [PMID: 35145298 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted blockade of the checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) can activate tumor-specific T cells to destroy tumors, whereas targeted potentiation of PD-1 is expected to suppress autoreactive T cells and alleviate autoimmune diseases. However, the development of methods to potentiate PD-1 remains challenging. Here we succeeded in eliciting PD-1 function by targeting the cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex, formed by binding of CD80 to the PD-1 ligand PD-L1, that attenuates PD-L1-PD-1 binding and abrogates PD-1 function. By generating anti-CD80 antibodies that detach CD80 from the cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex and enable PD-L1 to engage PD-1 in the presence of CD80, we demonstrate that the targeted dissociation of cis-PD-L1-CD80 duplex elicits PD-1 function in the condition where PD-1 function is otherwise restricted. We demonstrate using murine models that the removal of PD-1 restriction is effective in alleviating autoimmune disease symptoms. Our findings establish a method to potentiate PD-1 function and propose the removal of restraining mechanisms as an efficient strategy to potentiate the function of inhibitory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Il-Mi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeo K Maeda
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory for Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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44
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Livni L, Keating BA, Fiore NT, Lees JG, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G. Effects of combined chemotherapy and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 treatment on peripheral neuropathy and neuroinflammation in mice. Pain 2022; 163:110-124. [PMID: 34224494 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A modern approach for cancer treatment is the use of immunotherapy, and particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), alone and in combination with chemotherapy. The PD-1 pathway plays a crucial role in inhibiting immune responses and recently has been shown to modulate neuronal activity. However, the impact of PD-1 blockade on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is currently unknown. In this study, we show that C57BL/6 mice treated with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or cotherapy (paclitaxel and anti-PD-1), but not with anti-PD-1 alone, exhibited increased mechanical sensitivity of the hind paw. Both chemotherapy and immunotherapy caused a reduction in neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants derived from treated mice, whereas only paclitaxel reduced the neurite outgrowth after direct in vitro treatment. Mice treated with anti-PD-1 or cotherapy exhibited distinct T-cell changes in the lymph nodes and increased T-cell infiltration into the DRG. Mice treated with paclitaxel or cotherapy had increased macrophage presence in the DRG, and all treated groups presented an altered expression of microglia markers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We conclude that combining anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with paclitaxel does not increase the severity of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, because anti-PD-1 treatment caused significant changes in DRG and spinal cord immunity, caution is warranted when considering immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in patients with a high risk of developing neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Livni
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke A Keating
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan T Fiore
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin G Lees
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Korman AJ, Garrett-Thomson SC, Lonberg N. The foundations of immune checkpoint blockade and the ipilimumab approval decennial. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:509-528. [PMID: 34937915 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer immunotherapies - such as IL-2 and interferon-α (IFNα) - have appeared over the past 30 years. However, it is only in the past decade that immunotherapy has made a broad impact on patient survival in multiple high-incidence cancer indications. The emergence of immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer treatment (adding to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) is due to the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, the first of which - ipilimumab - was approved in 2011. ICB drugs block receptors and ligands involved in pathways that attenuate T cell activation - such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand, PDL1 - and prevent, or reverse, acquired peripheral tolerance to tumour antigens. In this Review we mark the tenth anniversary of the approval of ipilimumab and discuss the foundational scientific history of ICB, together with the history of the discovery, development and elucidation of the mechanism of action of the first generation of drugs targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways.
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Duraiswamy J, Turrini R, Minasyan A, Barras D, Crespo I, Grimm AJ, Casado J, Genolet R, Benedetti F, Wicky A, Ioannidou K, Castro W, Neal C, Moriot A, Renaud-Tissot S, Anstett V, Fahr N, Tanyi JL, Eiva MA, Jacobson CA, Montone KT, Westergaard MCW, Svane IM, Kandalaft LE, Delorenzi M, Sorger PK, Färkkilä A, Michielin O, Zoete V, Carmona SJ, Foukas PG, Powell DJ, Rusakiewicz S, Doucey MA, Dangaj Laniti D, Coukos G. Myeloid antigen-presenting cell niches sustain antitumor T cells and license PD-1 blockade via CD28 costimulation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1623-1642.e20. [PMID: 34739845 PMCID: PMC8861565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and responsiveness to PD-1 blockade remain partly unknown. In human ovarian cancer, we show that tumor-specific CD8+ TIL accumulate in tumor islets, where they engage antigen and upregulate PD-1, which restrains their functions. Intraepithelial PD-1+CD8+ TIL can be, however, polyfunctional. PD-1+ TIL indeed exhibit a continuum of exhaustion states, with variable levels of CD28 costimulation, which is provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC) in intraepithelial tumor myeloid niches. CD28 costimulation is associated with improved effector fitness of exhausted CD8+ TIL and is required for their activation upon PD-1 blockade, which also requires tumor myeloid APC. Exhausted TIL lacking proper CD28 costimulation in situ fail to respond to PD-1 blockade, and their response may be rescued by local CTLA-4 blockade and tumor APC stimulation via CD40L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikumar Duraiswamy
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aspram Minasyan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée J Grimm
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Casado
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Wicky
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wilson Castro
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Neal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Moriot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Renaud-Tissot
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Anstett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Fahr
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monika A Eiva
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Connor A Jacobson
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, UNIL, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Harvard Ludwig Center, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program of Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Center for Precision Oncology, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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The Effects of Moxibustion on PD-1/PD-L1-Related Molecular Expression and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in RA Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that starts with inflammation of the synovium. The pain and joint dysfunction caused by RA urgently need an effective treatment to alleviate the inflammatory reaction and delay the progression of the disease. The pathological damage of RA is proposed to associate with the dysfunction of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. Moxibustion, as a main complementary therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been proved effective to reduce chronic inflammatory reaction on RA, but whether the anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is still unclear. Therefore, moxibustion was conducted in the rats with RA to investigate its effect on PD-1/PD-L1. Methods. The rats' right hind paws were injected with Freundʼs complete adjuvant (FCA) to establish the model of RA. Seven days after the injection of FCA, moxibustion therapy was performed on the acupoints of Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) once a day for three weeks. Then, ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze the influence of moxibustion on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. If the moxibustion had an effect on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1-related molecules, we would knock down PD-1 with adenovirus vector. After moxibustion therapy, ELISA and histological analysis were performed to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of moxibustion. Results. The results demonstrated that moxibustion had an effect on the expression of PD-1-related molecules. The results of ELISA manifested that moxibustion decreased the level of IFN-γ and increased the level of IL-4 and IL-10. HE staining revealed that moxibustion alleviated the proliferation of synovial tissue. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and pathological improvement were weakened when PD-1 was blocked. Conclusions. The results indicate that moxibustion affected the expression of PD-1/PD-L1-related molecules and can effectively treat RA damage. The anti-inflammatory effect of moxibustion was weakened when PD-1 was knocked down.
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Sugiura D, Shimizu K, Maruhashi T, Okazaki IM, Okazaki T. T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulation of PD-1 function. Int Immunol 2021; 33:693-698. [PMID: 34596210 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies that target PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) aim to destroy tumors by activating tumor-specific T cells that are otherwise inactivated by PD-1. Although these therapies have significantly improved the outcomes of patients with diverse cancer types and have revolutionized cancer treatment, only a limited proportion of patients benefits from the therapies currently. Therefore, there is a continued need to decipher the complex biology of PD-1 to improve therapeutic efficacies as well as to prevent immune-related adverse events. Especially, the spaciotemporal context in which PD-1 functions and the properties of T cells that are restrained by PD-1 are only vaguely understood. We have recently revealed that PD-1 function is strictly restricted at the activation phase of T-cell responses by the cis-interactions of PD-L1 and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells, which is critical for the induction of optimal T-cell responses. We also found that the sensitivity to the effects of PD-1 in T cells is essentially determined by T-cell-intrinsic factors. In T cells bearing T-cell antigen-receptors (TCRs) with lower affinity to antigenic peptides, PD-1 inhibits the expression of TCR-inducible genes more efficiently; thereby PD-1 preferentially suppresses low-affinity T cells. Thus, PD-1 function is coordinately regulated by various T-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that alter the responsiveness of T cells and the availability of PD-1 ligands. Precise and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-1 is expected to facilitate the rational development of effective and safe immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Il-Mi Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Grievink HW, Smit V, Verwilligen RAF, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, Smeets D, Binder CJ, Yagita H, Moerland M, Kuiper J, Bot I, Foks AC. Stimulation of the PD-1 Pathway Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Ldlr Deficient Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:740531. [PMID: 34790707 PMCID: PMC8591266 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.740531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Signaling through the coinhibitory programmed death (PD)-1/PD-L1 pathway regulates T cell responses and can inhibit ongoing immune responses. Inflammation is a key process in the development of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause for the majority of cardiovascular diseases. Dampening the excessive immune response that occurs during atherosclerosis progression by promoting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling may have a high therapeutic potential to limit disease burden. In this study we therefore aimed to assess whether an agonistic PD-1 antibody can diminish atherosclerosis development. Methods and Results: Ldlr−/− mice were fed a western-type diet (WTD) while receiving 100 μg of an agonistic PD-1 antibody or control vehicle twice a week. Stimulation of the PD-1 pathway delayed the WTD-induced monocyte increase in the circulation up to 3 weeks and reduced T cell activation and proliferation. CD4+ T cell numbers in the atherosclerotic plaque were reduced upon PD-1 treatment. More specifically, we observed a 23% decrease in atherogenic IFNγ-producing splenic CD4+ T cells and a 20% decrease in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, whereas atheroprotective IL-10 producing CD4+ T cells were increased with 47%. Furthermore, we found an increase in regulatory B cells, B1 cells and associated atheroprotective circulating oxLDL-specific IgM levels in agonistic PD-1-treated mice. This dampened immune activation following agonistic PD-1 treatment resulted in reduced atherosclerosis development (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our data show that stimulation of the coinhibitory PD-1 pathway inhibits atherosclerosis development by modulation of T- and B cell responses. These data support stimulation of coinhibitory pathways as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrika W Grievink
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Virginia Smit
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robin A F Verwilligen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diede Smeets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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50
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Elliot TAE, Jennings EK, Lecky DAJ, Thawait N, Flores-Langarica A, Copland A, Maslowski KM, Wraith DC, Bending D. Antigen and checkpoint receptor engagement recalibrates T cell receptor signal strength. Immunity 2021; 54:2481-2496.e6. [PMID: 34534438 PMCID: PMC8585507 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
How T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength modulates T cell function and to what extent this is modified by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are key questions in immunology. Using Nr4a3-Tocky mice, we characterized early quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in CD4+ T cells in relation to TCR signaling strength. We captured how dose- and time-dependent programming of distinct co-inhibitory receptors rapidly recalibrates T cell activation thresholds and visualized the immediate effects of ICB on T cell re-activation. Our findings reveal that anti-PD1 immunotherapy leads to an increased TCR signal strength. We defined a strong TCR signal metric of five genes upregulated by anti-PD1 in T cells (TCR.strong), which was superior to a canonical T cell activation gene signature in stratifying melanoma patient outcomes to anti-PD1 therapy. Our study therefore reveals how analysis of TCR signal strength-and its manipulation-can provide powerful metrics for monitoring outcomes to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma K Jennings
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A J Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Natasha Thawait
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Infrastructure and Facilities, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kendle M Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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