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Li Q, Muhib UR, Ma X, Liu Z, Gao F, Wang Z. Potential Mechanisms of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Influencing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:311. [PMID: 39355598 PMCID: PMC11440401 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2509311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the predominant terminal stage and the leading cause of mortality in cardiac disease. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects roughly 50% of HF patients globally. Due to the global aging population, the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of HFpEF have gradually increased. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), as a key visceral adipose tissue around the heart, affects cardiac diastolic function and exercise reserve capacity. EAT closely adheres to the myocardium and can produce inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other factors through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, affecting the heart function by inflammatory response, cardiac metabolism and energy supply, cardiomyocyte structure and electrical activity, and pericardial vascular function. Currently, research on the mechanism and treatment methods of HFpEF is constantly improving. EAT may play a multi-level impact on the occurrence and development of HFpEF. This review also summarizes the potential impact of EAT on the heart in HFpEF combined with other metabolism-related diseases such as obesity or diabetes over other obesity-related measures, such as body mass index (BMI) or other adipose tissue. Above all, this review comprehensively summarizes the potential mechanisms by which EAT may affect HFpEF. The objective is to enhance our comprehension and management of HFpEF. Future research should delve into the mechanistic relationship between EAT and HFpEF, and investigate interventions aimed at EAT to improve the prognosis of patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Ur Rehman Muhib
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoteng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Zaiqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
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Li Y, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Li X. Cross-talks between perivascular adipose tissue and neighbors: multifaceted nature of nereids. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442086. [PMID: 39156105 PMCID: PMC11327032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot surrounding blood vessels and plays a vital role in the progression of vascular remodeling and dysfunction. PVAT exhibits remarkable differences in structure, phenotype, origin, and secretome across anatomical locations. The proximity of PVAT to neighboring vascular beds favors a niche for bidirectional communication between adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. In this review, we update our understanding of PVAT's regional differences and provide a comprehensive exploration of how these differences impact cross-talks between PVAT and the vascular wall. Different PVAT depots show different degrees of vasoprotective function and resilience to pathological changes such as obesity and vasculopathies, shaping multifaceted interactions between PVAT depots and adjacent vasculatures. The depot-specific resilience may lead to innovative strategies to manage cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- (R & D Center) Laboratory for Drug Discovery from Natural Resource, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- (R & D Center) Laboratory for Drug Discovery from Natural Resource, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- (R & D Center) Laboratory for Drug Discovery from Natural Resource, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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3
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Doukbi E, Ancel P, Dutour A, Soghomonian A, Ahmed S, Castejon V, Piperoglou C, Gariboldi V, Lenoir M, Lechevallier E, Gondran-Tellier B, Boissier R, Ebbo M, Vély F, Gaborit B. Human epicardial fat has a beige profile and contains higher type 2 innate lymphoid cells than subcutaneous fat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1302-1314. [PMID: 38747118 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat that has been associated with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. Previous work has revealed that EAT exhibits beige features. METHODS First, a new pan-genomic microarray analysis was performed on previously collected paired human EAT and thoracic subcutaneous AT (thSAT) from the EPICAR study (n = 31) to decipher a specific immune signature and its link with browning genes. Then, adaptive (T and B cells) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) immunophenotyping assay panels, including CD127, CD117, and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2, were performed on prospectively collected paired human multiorgan donors (n = 18; INTERFACE study). RESULTS In the EPICAR study, a positive correlation between the T helper cell subtype Th2 immune pathway and browning genes was found in EAT versus thSAT (r = 0.82; p < 0.0001). In the INTERFACE study, this correlation was also observed (r = 0.31; p = 0.017), and a preponderance of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and a few B cells was observed in all ATs (p < 0.0001). An increase in ILCs was observed in visceral AT (VAT) (i.e., EAT + VAT; 30 ± 5 ILCs per gram of AT) compared with subcutaneous counterparts (i.e., thSAT + abdominal SAT; 8 ± 2 ILCs per gram of AT; p = 0.001), with ILC1 being the most frequent (ILC1 > ILC3 > ILC2). Numbers of ILCs per gram of AT correlated with several Th2 or browning genes (IL-13, TNF receptor superfamily member 9 [TNFRSF9], and alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated [ALPL]). Interestingly, a specific increase in EAT-ILC2 compared with other ATs was observed, including a significant proportion expressing CD69 and/or CD25 activation markers (97.9% ± 1.2%; p < 0.0001). Finally, more natural killer cells were observed in EAT + VAT than in thSAT + abdominal SAT (p = 0.01). Exclusion of patients with coronary artery disease in the EPICAR and INTERFACE studies did not modify the main findings. Gene expression phenotyping confirmed specific upregulation of Th2 pathway and browning genes (IL-33 and uncoupling protein 1 [UCP-1]) in EAT. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study, to our knowledge, to provide a comparison between innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in human EAT. Further studies are ongoing to decipher whether these cells could be involved in EAT beiging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Doukbi
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pole Endocrinology-Nutrition-Diabetes-Obesity, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Astrid Soghomonian
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pole Endocrinology-Nutrition-Diabetes-Obesity, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Shaista Ahmed
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Heart Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Castejon
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Piperoglou
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Marseille-Luminy Immunology Center (CIML), Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Vlad Gariboldi
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Marien Lenoir
- Division of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Lechevallier
- Department of Urology Surgery, Conception Hospital, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Gondran-Tellier
- Department of Urology Surgery, Conception Hospital, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Boissier
- Department of Urology Surgery, Conception Hospital, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Mikael Ebbo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Marseille-Luminy Immunology Center (CIML), Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille Immunopole, Marseille, France
- Internal Medicine Department, Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Vély
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Marseille-Luminy Immunology Center (CIML), Marseille University Hospital Timone, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille University, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Center (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pole Endocrinology-Nutrition-Diabetes-Obesity, Public Assistance Marseille Hospitals, Marseille, France
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Song Y, Tan Y, Deng M, Shan W, Zheng W, Zhang B, Cui J, Feng L, Shi L, Zhang M, Liu Y, Sun Y, Yi W. Epicardial adipose tissue, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases: recent advances classified by research methodologies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e413. [PMID: 37881786 PMCID: PMC10594046 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium. The unique anatomy and physiology of the EAT determines its great potential in locally influencing adjacent tissues such as the myocardium and coronary arteries. Classified by research methodologies, this study reviews the latest research progress on the role of EAT in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly in patients with metabolic disorders. Studies based on imaging techniques demonstrated that increased EAT amount in patients with metabolic disorders is associated with higher risk of CVDs and increased mortality. Then, in-depth profiling studies indicate that remodeled EAT may serve as a local mediator of the deleterious effects of cardiometabolic conditions and plays a crucial role in CVDs. Further, in vitro coculture studies provided preliminary evidence that the paracrine effect of remodeled EAT on adjacent cardiomyocytes can promote the occurrence and progression of CVDs. Considering the important role of EAT in CVDs, targeting EAT might be a potential strategy to reduce cardiovascular risks. Several interventions have been proved effective in reducing EAT amount. Our review provides valuable insights of the relationship between EAT, metabolic disorders, and CVDs, as well as an overview of the methodological constructs of EAT-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of General MedicineXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenju Shan
- Department of General MedicineXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenying Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lele Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General MedicineXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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5
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Armandi A, Bugianesi E. Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:239-250. [PMID: 37024205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, including carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The risk is partially due to shared risk factors, but it may vary according to liver injury. A fatty liver may induce an atherogenic profile, the local necro-inflammatory changes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may enhance systemic metabolic inflammation, and fibrogenesis can run parallel in the liver and in the myocardium and precedes heart failure. The detrimental impact of a Western diet combines with polymorphisms in genes associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Shared clinical/diagnostic algorithms are needed to manage the cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.
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Xue X, Li X, Zhao S, Chen K, Hua W, Su YG, Liang Z, Xu W, Zhang S. Sex Differences in the Relationship between Abdominal Obesity and Cardiovascular Death in Elderly Patients with Permanent Pacemakers Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:4383508. [PMID: 36846050 PMCID: PMC9957648 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4383508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the association between waist circumference (WC) and cardiovascular death in patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that enrolled patients who underwent PPM implantation in Fuwai Hospital from May 2010 to April 2014, according to the BIOTRONIK Home Monitoring database. The WC was treated as sex-specific quartiles, and patients were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal (≤22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥25 kg/m2). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cardiovascular death according to WC and BMI in patients. Results 492 patients with PPMs implantation were analyzed (mean age: 71.9 ± 10.8 years; 55.1% men (n = 271)). Data showed that after a mean follow-up 67.2 ± 17.5 months, 24 (4.9%) patients had experienced cardiovascular death and 71 (14.4%) were cases of all-cause mortality. Men in the third quartile of WC had an HR of 10.67 (Model 4, 95% CI: 1.00-115.21, p trend = 0.04) for cardiovascular death. However, the association disappeared in female patients (Model 4, HR = 3.99, 95% CI: 0.37-42.87, p trend = 0.25). There was no association between BMI and cardiovascular death or all-cause mortality in both male and female patients. Conclusions Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in patients with PPMs, and this relationship was only in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xue
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Gang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoguang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Arrhythmia Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhang XZ, Chen XL, Tang TT, Zhang S, Li QL, Xia N, Nie SF, Zhang M, Zhu ZF, Zhou ZH, Dong NG, Cheng X. T lymphocyte characteristics and immune repertoires in the epicardial adipose tissue of heart failure patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126997. [PMID: 36960061 PMCID: PMC10027920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) acts as an active immune organ and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). However, the characteristics of immune cells in EAT of HF patients have rarely been elucidated. Methods To identify key immune cells in EAT, an integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed on public datasets. EAT samples with paired subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), heart, and peripheral blood samples from HF patients were collected in validation experiments. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was assessed by high-throughput sequencing. The phenotypic characteristics and key effector molecules of T lymphocytes in EAT were assessed by flow cytometry and histological staining. Results Compared with SAT, EAT was enriched for immune activation-related genes and T lymphocytes. Compared with EAT from the controls, activation of T lymphocytes was more pronounced in EAT from HF patients. T lymphocytes in EAT of HF patients were enriched by highly expanded clonotypes and had greater TCR clonotype sharing with cardiac tissue relative to SAT. Experiments confirmed the abundance of IFN-γ+ effector memory T lymphocytes (TEM) in EAT of HF patients. CCL5 and GZMK were confirmed to be associated with T lymphocytes in EAT of HF patients. Conclusion EAT of HF patients was characterized by pronounced immune activation of clonally expanded IFN-γ+ TEM and a generally higher degree of TCR clonotypes sharing with paired cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Li Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Fang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
| | - Nian-Guo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Cheng, ; Nian-Guo Dong, ; Zi-Hua Zhou,
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Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness Is Related to Plaque Composition in Coronary Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112836. [PMID: 36428896 PMCID: PMC9689801 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Currently, limited data are available regarding the relationship between epicardial fat and plaque composition. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between visceral fat surrounding the heart and the lipid core burden in patients with coronary artery diseases; (2) Methods: Overall, 331 patients undergoing coronary angiography with combined near-infrared spectroscopy and intravascular ultrasound imaging were evaluated for epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness using transthoracic echocardiography. Patients were divided into thick EAT and thin EAT groups according to the median value; (3) Results: There was a positive correlation between EAT thickness and maxLCBI4mm, and maxLCBI4mm was significantly higher in the thick EAT group compared to the thin EAT group (437 vs. 293, p < 0.001). EAT thickness was an independent predictor of maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400 along with age, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, acute coronary syndrome presentation, and plaque burden in a multiple linear regression model. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that EAT thickness was a predictor for maxLCBI4mm ≥ 400; (4) Conclusions: In the present study, EAT thickness is related to the lipid core burden assessed by NIRS-IVUS in patients with CAD which suggests that EAT may affect the stability of the plaques in coronary arteries.
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Hosseini M, Bagheri R, Nikkar H, Baker JS, Jaime SJ, Mosayebi Z, Zouraghi MR, Wong A. The effect of interval training on adipokine plasmatic levels in rats with induced myocardial infarction. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1249-1253. [PMID: 32412814 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1764049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Context: Exercise has been demonstrated to reduce pro-inflammatory while boosting anti-inflammatory adipokines; yet research in relation to Myocardial infarction (MI) is limited.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interval exercise-training programme on concentrations of Lipocalin-2 and Adiponectin plasmatic levels in rats with induced MI.Materials and methods: The experimental study design comprised of three groups, including: a control group, MI control group and MI training group that participated in an interval training protocol for six weeks.Results: There was a significant increase in Lipocalin-2 levels in the MI interval training group when compared to the other groups.Discussion and conclusion: Although interval training has beneficial effects on adiponectin, it also increases Lipocalin-2 concentrations. Because Lipocalin-2 significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and adverse cardiac conditions, our findings suggest that interval training might be a counterproductive strategy to improve MI-related cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hosseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hussein Nikkar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Zahra Mosayebi
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasoul Zouraghi
- Neyshabur Branch, Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
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10
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Shi H, Wu H, Winkler MA, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Lee R, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Perivascular adipose tissue in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106354. [PMID: 35842184 PMCID: PMC10184774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) resides at the outermost boundary of the vascular wall, surrounding most conduit blood vessels, except for the cerebral vessels, in humans. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation localized within PVAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc., exhibit heightened systemic inflammation and are at increased risk for CVD. Data from clinical studies in patients with ARDs support a linkage between dysfunctional adipose tissue, and PVAT in particular, in disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the data linking PVAT to the pathogenesis of CVD in patients with ARDs, focusing on the role of novel PVAT imaging techniques in defining disease risk and responses to biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hanping Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael A Winkler
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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11
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Shibasaki I, Nakajima T, Fukuda T, Hasegawa T, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya G, Takei Y, Tezuka M, Kato T, Kanazawa Y, Kano Y, Kuwata T, Ouchi M, Toyoda S, Aso Y, Fukuda H. Serum and Adipose Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients: Influence of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154333. [PMID: 35893426 PMCID: PMC9331841 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a novel adipokine and may be involved in the association between adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. We investigated DPP-4 and adiponectin levels in the serum, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and their relationship with preoperative factors, as well as comparing the DPP-4 levels in SAT and EAT with and without DPP-4 inhibitors. This study included 40 patients (25 men, age 67.5 ± 13.8 years). The serum adipokine, DPP-4, and adiponectin levels in SAT and EAT were measured using ELISA and Western blotting. The DPP-4 and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the SAT than in the EAT. The serum DPP-4 and DPP-4 activity levels had no correlation with the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT, but the DPP-4 levels in the SAT and EAT had a positive correlation. The DPP-4 levels in the SAT were positively correlated with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, DPP-4-inhibitor use, and fasting blood glucose. The DPP-4 levels in the EAT showed a negative correlation with eGFR and a positive correlation with atrial fibrillation. The DPP-4 activity in the serum had a lower tendency in the group taking DPP-4 inhibitors than in the group not taking them. DPP-4 inhibitors may suppress angiogenesis and adipose-tissue hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Medical KAATSU Training, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8522, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Medical KAATSU Training, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (T.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Hironaga Ogawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Go Tsuchiya
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Masahiro Tezuka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Gunma, Japan; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuta Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Yasuyuki Kano
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kuwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Gunma, Japan; (T.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (H.O.); (G.T.); (Y.T.); (M.T.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.); (H.F.)
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Kaya E, Yilmaz Y. Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): A Multi-systemic Disease Beyond the Liver. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:329-338. [PMID: 35528971 PMCID: PMC9039705 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic clinical condition that presents with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, extrahepatic malignancies, cognitive disorders, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Among NAFLD patients, the most common mortality etiology is cardiovascular disorders, followed by extrahepatic malignancies, diabetes mellitus, and liver-related complications. Furthermore, the severity of extrahepatic diseases is parallel to the severity of NAFLD. In clinical practice, awareness of the associations of concomitant diseases is of major importance for initiating prompt and timely screening and multidisciplinary management of the disease spectrum. In 2020, a consensus from 22 countries redefined the disease as metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which resulted in the redefinition of the corresponding population. Although the patients diagnosed with MAFLD and NAFLD mostly overlap, the MAFLD and NAFLD populations are not identical. In this review, we compared the associations of key extrahepatic diseases between NAFLD and MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Liver Research Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Doukbi E, Soghomonian A, Sengenès C, Ahmed S, Ancel P, Dutour A, Gaborit B. Browning Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:991. [PMID: 35326442 PMCID: PMC8947372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart which is highly plastic and in direct contact with myocardium and coronary arteries. Because of its singular proximity with the myocardium, the adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by this tissue may directly affect the metabolism of the heart and coronary arteries. Its accumulation, measured by recent new non-invasive imaging modalities, has been prospectively associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in humans. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, and express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. However, this thermogenic potential could be lost with age, obesity and CAD. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EAT and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties may serve as a target for obesity therapeutic management with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in this beiging phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Doukbi
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Astrid Soghomonian
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- Stromalab, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, University of Toulouse, F-31100 Toulouse, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paul Sabatier, F-31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaista Ahmed
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Patricia Ancel
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Dutour
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
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Patel KHK, Hwang T, Se Liebers C, Ng FS. Epicardial adipose tissue as a mediator of cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H129-H144. [PMID: 34890279 PMCID: PMC8742735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00565.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with higher risks of cardiac arrhythmias. Although this may be partly explained by concurrent cardiometabolic ill-health, growing evidence suggests that increasing adiposity independently confers risk for arrhythmias. Among fat depots, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exhibits a proinflammatory secretome and, given the lack of fascial separation, has been implicated as a transducer of inflammation to the underlying myocardium. The present review explores the mechanisms underpinning adverse electrophysiological remodeling as a consequence of EAT accumulation and the consequent inflammation. We first describe the physiological and pathophysiological function of EAT and its unique secretome and subsequently discuss the evidence for ionic channel and connexin expression modulation as well as fibrotic remodeling induced by cytokines and free fatty acids that are secreted by EAT. Finally, we highlight how weight reduction and regression of EAT volume may cause reverse remodeling to ameliorate arrhythmic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taesoon Hwang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis Se Liebers
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Brel NK, Gruzdeva OV, Kokov AN, Masenko VL, Dyleva YA, Belik EV, Barbarash OL. Relationship of visceral obesity and coronary calcinosis in ischemic heart disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 93:1428-1434. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To assess the relationship between the prevalence of visceral obesity (VO) and the severity of coronary calcification (CC) in patients with verified coronary artery disease (CAD).
Materials and methods. 125 patients with CAD were examined. Assessment of the morphometric characteristics of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and CC was perform using multislice computed tomography (MSCT). The calcium index (CI) of the coronary arteries (CA) was determine by the Agatston method. Statistical analysis was perform using Statistica 10.0.
Results. VO was detect in 82 (65.6%) patients with CAD. In the presence of VO, higher CC values were observed in the projection of the envelope (p=0.00014), right coronary (p=0.00002) arteries, total CI (p=0.0003), and the prevalence of massive CC. Correlation analysis showed the relationship between the area of VAT and the CC of all the studied localizations. According to the ROC analysis, VO is a significant predictor of massive CC (area under the ROC curve AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.560.89), in contrast to body mass index BMI (AUC 0.56, 95% CI 0.310.82).
Conclusion. The index of the ratio of VAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT), but not BMI, had a direct correlation with CC. Morphology of VAT may be a significant diagnostic sign of massive CC in patients with CAD, as a factor affecting treatment and prognosis.
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Moradi N, Fouani FZ, Vatannejad A, Bakhti Arani A, Shahrzad S, Fadaei R. Serum levels of Asprosin in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD): a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:88. [PMID: 34419063 PMCID: PMC8380384 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as a multi-faceted chronic inflammatory disease involving reduced blood supply to the myocardium as a result of accumulating lipids in the atrial walls. Visceral adiposity with disrupted release of adipokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. Asprosin is a newly identified fasting-induced glucogenic adipokine that has been related with metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome. The preset study sought to assess circulating asprosin in context of CAD. Methods In this study, serum levels of asprosin were determined in 88 CAD patients and 88 non-CAD healthy controls. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, asprosin and adiponectin were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum asprosin was found to be higher in CAD patients when compared to non-CAD subjects (7.84 ± 2.08 versus 5.02 ± 1.29 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Similarly, serum TNF-α, and IL-6 elevated in CAD group significantly (p < 0.001). However, circulating adiponectin diminished in CAD group when compared with non-CAD subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, serum asprosin levels directly correlated with BMI, FBG, HOMA-IR, TG and TC. Logistic regression analyses showed that asprosin levels were associated with increased risk of developing CAD (odds ratio: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.16, 4.20 and p < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex and BMI). Conclusions The present study findings suggested a possible relation of serum asprosin with the pathogenesis of CAD, in particular through insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatima Zahraa Fouani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bakhti Arani
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Shariatee training and research Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahrzad
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Shariatee training and research Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Monti M, Marchetti R, Vincentelli GM. Epicardial fat, gender, and cardiovascular risk. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2021.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial fat (EF) is considered an important risk factor and an active player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. EF is an endocrine organ that releases hormones and mediators, including the circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), and plays a vital role in modifying the vascular endothelial function and promoting the growth of coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CRP concentrations and EF in a cohort of patients with metabolic syndrome at risk for coronary artery disease. In our study, carried out in primary prevention, we enrolled 36 subjects (M/F: 21/15; age: 59.3±0.79 yrs) diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. We have classified the patients into two groups: Men and Women. Besides anthropometric characterization and screening laboratory tests, the subjects performed a multidetector computed tomography scan, which allowed the EF quantification. Mean EF was 115.1 cc in the study population. The average EF of women was 111 cc; the average EF of men was 118 cc (P=0.18). CRP levels were strongly positively correlated with EF area in women (P=0.01), while the correlation was not found in men (P=0.4). Our findings suggest that, in women, the EF produces a greater amount of acute-phase proteins and increases the pro-inflammatory state in the epicardial region. For this reason, we can hypothesize, in women, a different role in the development of atherosclerotic plaque of the epicardial fat compared to men.
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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19
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Yuan M, Wu B, Zhang L, Wang H, Yang Y. CD40L/CD40 regulates adipokines and cytokines by H3K4me3 modification in epicardial adipocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:228-234. [PMID: 34029270 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) dysfunction mediates chronic inflammation by regulating inflammation-related adipokines and cytokines, and further promotes coronary artery disease (CAD) development. CD40L/CD40 is involved in multiple inflammatory pathways that contribute to various pathophysiological processes. However, the function of CD40L/CD40 in adipokine and cytokine expression and production in epicardial adipocytes remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of CD40L/CD40 in adipokine and cytokine expression and production. We isolated adipocytes from EAT tissues of CAD and non-CAD patients. We noticed that CD40 was dramatically increased in EAT tissues of CAD patients. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies were performed. The results showed that CD40 silencing reduced recombinant CD40 ligand (rCD40L)-induced up-regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA levels and secretion. Overexpression of CD40 displayed the opposite results. In addition, rCD40L triggered mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1) expression both in mRNA and protein levels. CD40 depletion apparently blocked MLL1 expression, whereas gain of function of CD40 resulted in augmentation of MLL1 levels. Interestingly, ChIP-qCPR analysis revealed that CD40 elimination dampened histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) enrichment at PAI-1, leptin, IL-6 and MCP-1 promoter regions in the presence of rCD40L. The reverse pattern was observed upon ectopic expression of CD40. Most important, MLL1 silencing effectively reversed the promotive effects of CD40 on adipokine and cytokine secretion. Taken together, our findings suggest that CD40L/CD40 regulates adipokine and cytokine expression by H3K4me3 modification in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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20
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Wang QC, Wang ZY, Xu Q, Li RB, Zhang GG, Shi RZ. Exploring the Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Coronary Artery Disease From the Difference of Gene Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:605811. [PMID: 33859569 PMCID: PMC8042318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.605811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is closely adjacent to the coronary arteries and myocardium, its role as an endocrine organ to affect the pathophysiological processes of the coronary arteries and myocardium has been increasingly recognized. However, the specific gene expression profiles of EAT in coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well characterized. Our aim was to investigate the role of EAT in CAD at the gene level. Methods Here, we compared the histological and gene expression difference of EAT between CAD and non-CAD. We investigated the gene expression profiles in the EAT of patients with CAD through the high-throughput RNA sequencing. We performed bioinformatics analysis such as functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction to obtain and verify the hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the EAT of CAD. Results Our results showed that the size of epicardial adipocytes in the CAD group was larger than in the control group. Our findings on the EAT gene expression profiles of CAD showed a total of 747 DEGs (fold change >2, p value <0.05). The enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that more pro-inflammatory and immunological genes and pathways were involved in CAD. Ten hub DEGs (GNG3, MCHR1, BDKRB1, MCHR2, CXCL8, CXCR5, CCR8, CCL4L1, TAS2R10, and TAS2R41) were identified. Conclusion Epicardial adipose tissue in CAD shows unique gene expression profiles and may act as key regulators in the CAD pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruo-Bing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Zheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Monti CB, Capra D, Malavazos A, Florini G, Parietti C, Schiaffino S, Sardanelli F, Secchi F. Subcutaneous, Paracardiac, and Epicardial Fat CT Density Before/After Contrast Injection: Any Correlation with CAD? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040735. [PMID: 33673256 PMCID: PMC7918165 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, in particular epicardial adipose tissue, has been identified as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD) in the light of its metabolic activity and close anatomic and pathophysiologic relationship to the heart. Our purpose was to evaluate epicardial adipose tissue density at both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), along with CT densities of paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as the relations of such densities with CAD. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cardiac CT at our institution for CAD assessment. We segmented regions of interest on epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced scans. A total of 480 patients were included, 164 of them presenting with CAD. Median epicardial adipose tissue density measured on contrast-enhanced scans (−81.5 HU; interquartile range −84.9 to −78.0) was higher than that measured on unenhanced scans (−73.4 HU; −76.9 to −69.4) (p < 0.001), whereas paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue densities were not (p ≥ 0.055). Patients with or without CAD, did not show significant differences in density of epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue either on unenhanced or contrast-enhanced scans (p ≥ 0.092). CAD patients may experience different phenomena (inflammation, fibrosis, increase in adipose depots) leading to rises or drops in epicardial adipose tissue density, resulting in variations that are difficult to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Beatrice Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.M.); (D.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Davide Capra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.M.); (D.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Alexis Malavazos
- Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit and High Specialty Center for Dietetics, Nutritional Education and Cardiometabolic Prevention, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Florini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Parietti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Simone Schiaffino
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.M.); (D.C.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.M.); (D.C.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Chiriac S, Stanciu C, Girleanu I, Cojocariu C, Sfarti C, Singeap AM, Cuciureanu T, Huiban L, Muzica CM, Zenovia S, Nastasa R, Trifan A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Heart of the Matter. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:6696857. [PMID: 33505944 PMCID: PMC7815392 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most frequent cause of liver disease worldwide, comprising a plethora of conditions, ranging from steatosis to end-stage liver disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been associated with NAFLD and CVD-related events represent the main cause of death in patients with NAFLD, surpassing liver-related mortality. This association is not surprising as NAFLD has been considered a part of the metabolic syndrome and has been related to numerous CVD risk factors, namely, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, both NAFLD and CVD present similar pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased visceral adiposity, altered lipid metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation that could explain their association. Whether NAFLD increases the risk for CVD or these diagnostic entities represent distinct manifestations of the metabolic syndrome has not yet been clarified. This review focuses on the relation between NAFLD and the spectrum of CVD, considering the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, current evidence, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Chiriac
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Irina Girleanu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Camelia Cojocariu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Catalin Sfarti
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Singeap
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Tudor Cuciureanu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Muzica
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Sebastian Zenovia
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Robert Nastasa
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Anca Trifan
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
- 2Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207711. [PMID: 33081064 PMCID: PMC7589803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
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Kasper P, Martin A, Lang S, Kütting F, Goeser T, Demir M, Steffen HM. NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases: a clinical review. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:921-937. [PMID: 32696080 PMCID: PMC8238775 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver DISEASE (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries and affects approximately 25% of the adult population. Since NAFLD is frequently associated with further metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, it is generally considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In addition to its potential to cause liver-related morbidity and mortality, NAFLD is also associated with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at substantial risk for the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias, which clinically result in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The natural history of NAFLD is variable and the vast majority of patients will not progress from simple steatosis to fibrosis and end stage liver disease. However, patients with progressive forms of NAFLD, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or advanced fibrosis, as well as NAFLD patients with concomitant types 2 diabetes are at highest risk for CVD. This review describes the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking NAFLD and CVD, discusses the role of NAFLD as a metabolic dysfunction associated cardiovascular risk factor, and focuses on common cardiovascular manifestations in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kasper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Martin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, USA
| | - Fabian Kütting
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Steffen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Hypertension Center, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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25
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Targeting perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue inflammation: therapeutic opportunities for cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:827-851. [PMID: 32271386 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major shifts in human lifestyle and dietary habits toward sedentary behavior and refined food intake triggered steep increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders including obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Patients with metabolic disease are at a high risk of cardiovascular complications ranging from microvascular dysfunction to cardiometabolic syndromes including heart failure. Despite significant advances in the standards of care for obese and diabetic patients, current therapeutic approaches are not always successful in averting the accompanying cardiovascular deterioration. There is a strong relationship between adipose inflammation seen in metabolic disorders and detrimental changes in cardiovascular structure and function. The particular importance of epicardial and perivascular adipose pools emerged as main modulators of the physiology or pathology of heart and blood vessels. Here, we review the peculiarities of these two fat depots in terms of their origin, function, and pathological changes during metabolic deterioration. We highlight the rationale for pharmacological targeting of the perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue or associated signaling pathways as potential disease modifying approaches in cardiometabolic syndromes.
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