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Kovacs CJ, Antonacci A, Graham A, Jessup F, Rankin W, Brasko B, Maguire F, Washington MA, Kua SC, Burpo FJ, Barnhill JC. Comparing Methods to Genetically Engineer Bacteriophage and Increase Host Range. Mil Med 2024; 189:e1488-e1496. [PMID: 38780999 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibacterial resistance is an emerging problem in military medicine. Disruptions to the health care systems in war-torn countries that result from ongoing conflict can potentially exacerbate this problem and increase the risk to U.S. forces in the deployed environment. Therefore, novel therapies are needed to mitigate the impact of these potentially devastating infections on military operations. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. They can be delivered as therapeutic agents and offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotic chemotherapy. There are several potential benefits to their use, including high specificity and comparative ease of use in the field setting. However, the process of engineering phages for military medical applications can be a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. This review examines available techniques and compares their efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review evaluates the scientific literature on the development and application of four methods of bacteriophage genome engineering and their consideration in the context of military applications. Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for a systematic review of available literature that met criteria for analysis and inclusion. The research completed for this review article originated from the United States Military Academy's library "Scout" search engine, which compiles results from 254 available databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder). Particular attention was focused on identifying useful mechanistic insight into the nature of the engineering technique, the ease of use, and the applicability of the technique to countering the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the military setting. RESULTS A total of 52 studies were identified that met inclusion criteria following PRISMA guidelines. The bioengineering techniques analyzed included homologous recombination (12 articles), in vivo recombineering (9 articles), bacteriophage recombineering of electroporated DNA (7 articles), and the CRISPR-Cas system (10 articles). Rates of success and fidelity varied across each platform, and comparative benefits and drawbacks are considered. CONCLUSIONS Each of the phage engineering techniques addressed herein varies in amount of effort and overall success rate. CRISPR-Cas-facilitated modification of phage genomes presents a highly efficient method that does not require a lengthy purification and screening process. It therefore appears to be the method best suited for military medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Alessia Antonacci
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Abigail Graham
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Faye Jessup
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - William Rankin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Brianna Brasko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Fiona Maguire
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Michael A Washington
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
| | - Siang C Kua
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
| | - F John Burpo
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Jason C Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
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2
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Berkson JD, Wate CE, Allen GB, Schubert AM, Dunbar KE, Coryell MP, Sava RL, Gao Y, Hastie JL, Smith EM, Kenneally CR, Zimmermann SK, Carlson PE. Phage-specific immunity impairs efficacy of bacteriophage targeting Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus in a murine model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2993. [PMID: 38582763 PMCID: PMC10998888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is a promising approach to address antimicrobial infections though questions remain regarding the impact of the immune response on clinical effectiveness. Here, we develop a mouse model to assess phage treatment using a cocktail of five phages from the Myoviridae and Siphoviridae families that target Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus gut colonization. Phage treatment significantly reduces fecal bacterial loads of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. We also characterize immune responses elicited following administration of the phage cocktail. While minimal innate responses are observed after phage administration, two rounds of treatment induces phage-specific neutralizing antibodies and accelerate phage clearance from tissues. Interestingly, the myophages in our cocktail induce a more robust neutralizing antibody response than the siphophages. This anti-phage immunity reduces the effectiveness of the phage cocktail in our murine model. Collectively, this study shows phage-specific immune responses may be an important consideration in the development of phage cocktails for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Berkson
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Claire E Wate
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Garrison B Allen
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Alyxandria M Schubert
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Kristin E Dunbar
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Michael P Coryell
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Rosa L Sava
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Yamei Gao
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Viral Products, Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Jessica L Hastie
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Emily M Smith
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Charlotte R Kenneally
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Sally K Zimmermann
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA
| | - Paul E Carlson
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20832, USA.
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3
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Young J, Lee SW, Shariyate MJ, Cronin A, Wixted JJ, Nazarian A, Rowley CF, Rodriguez EK. Bacteriophage therapy and current delivery strategies for orthopedic infections: A SCOPING review. J Infect 2024; 88:106125. [PMID: 38373574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interest in phages as adjunctive therapy to treat difficult infections has grown in the last decade. However, phage dosing and delivery for orthopedic infections have not been systematically summarized. METHODS Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a SCOPING review through September 1st, 2023, of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central. RESULTS In total, 77 studies were included, of which 19 (24.7%) were in vitro studies, 17 (22.1%) were animal studies, and 41 (53.2%) were studies in humans. A total of 137 contemporary patients receiving phage therapy are described. CONCLUSIONS Direct phage delivery remains the most studied form of phage therapy, notably in prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot ulcers. Available evidence describing phage therapy in humans suggests favorable outcomes for orthopedic infections, though this evidence is composed largely of low-level descriptive studies. Several phage delivery devices have been described, though a lack of comparative and in-human evidence limits their therapeutic application. Limitations to the use of phage therapy for orthopedic infections that need to be overcome include a lack of understanding related to optimal dosing and phage pharmacokinetics, bacterial heterogeneity in an infection episode, and phage therapy toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Young
- Harvard Combined Orthopedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad J Shariyate
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John J Wixted
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Christopher F Rowley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Aljabali AAA, Aljbaly MBM, Obeid MA, Shahcheraghi SH, Tambuwala MM. The Next Generation of Drug Delivery: Harnessing the Power of Bacteriophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:279-315. [PMID: 37966606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials, such as bacteriophages, as drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) has gained increasing interest in recent years due to their potential to address the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Bacteriophages offer several advantages as drug carriers, such as high specificity for targeting bacterial cells, low toxicity, and the ability to be engineered to express specific proteins or peptides for enhanced targeting and drug delivery. In addition, bacteriophages have been shown to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern in the field of antimicrobial therapy. Many initiatives have been taken to take up various payloads selectively and precisely by surface functionalization of the outside or interior of self-assembling viral protein capsids. Bacteriophages have emerged as a promising platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes, and imaging agents. They possess several properties that make them attractive as drug delivery vehicles, including their ability to specifically target bacterial cells, their structural diversity, their ease of genetic manipulation, and their biocompatibility. Despite the potential advantages of using bacteriophages as drug carriers, several challenges and limitations need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is the limited host range of bacteriophages, which restricts their use to specific bacterial strains. However, this can also be considered as an advantage, as it allows for precise and targeted drug delivery to the desired bacterial cells. The use of biomaterials, including bacteriophages, as drug delivery vehicles has shown promising potential to address the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of these biomaterials and address the challenges and limitations associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | | | - Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
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5
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Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Interaction of Bacteriophages with the Immune System: Induction of Bacteriophage-Specific Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:183-196. [PMID: 38066370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In all cases when a bacteriophage makes a direct contact with a mammalian organism, it may challenge the mammalian immunological system. Its major consequence is the production of antibodies specific to the bacteriophage, particularly IgM, IgG, and IgA as the typical response. Here we present protocols applicable in studies of the ability of bacteriophage to induce specific antibodies; immunization to whole virions or to isolated phage proteins has been included. The protocols have been divided into three parts: purification, immunization, and detection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gembara
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Chen B, Benavente LP, Chittò M, Wychowaniec JK, Post V, D'Este M, Constant C, Zeiter S, Feng W, Moreno MG, Trampuz A, Wagemans J, Onsea J, Richards RG, Lavigne R, Moriarty TF, Metsemakers WJ. Alginate microbeads and hydrogels delivering meropenem and bacteriophages to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa fracture-related infections. J Control Release 2023; 364:159-173. [PMID: 37866403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has shown promise in treating fracture-related infection (FRI); however, questions remain regarding phage efficacy against biofilms, phage-antibiotic interaction, administration routes and dosing, and the development of phage resistance. The goal of this study was to develop a dual antibiotic-phage delivery system containing hydrogel and alginate microbeads loaded with a phage cocktail plus meropenem and evaluate efficacy against muti-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two phages (FJK.R9-30 and MK.R3-15) displayed enhanced antibiotic activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms when tested in combination with meropenem. The antimicrobial activity of both antibiotic and phage was retained for eight days at 37 °C in dual phage and antibiotic loaded hydrogel with microbeads (PA-HM). In a mouse FRI model, phages were recovered from all tissues within all treatment groups receiving dual PA-HM. Moreover, animals that received the dual PA-HM either with or without systemic antibiotics had less incidence of phage resistance and less serum neutralization compared to phages in saline. The dual PA-HM could reduce bacterial load in soft tissue when combined with systemic antibiotics, although the infection was not eradicated. The use of alginate microbeads and injectable hydrogel for controlled release of phages and antibiotics, leads to the reduced development of phage resistance and lower exposure to the adaptive immune system, which highlights the translational potential of the dual PA-HM. However, further optimization of phage therapy and its delivery system is necessary to achieve higher bacterial killing activity in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixing Chen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Luis Ponce Benavente
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenli Feng
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes González Moreno
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jolien Onsea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Willem-Jan Metsemakers
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Bosco K, Lynch S, Sandaradura I, Khatami A. Therapeutic Phage Monitoring: A Review. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S384-S394. [PMID: 37932121 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global rise in antimicrobial resistance, there has been a renewed interest in the application of therapeutic phages to treat bacterial infections. Therapeutic phage monitoring (TPM) is proposed as an essential element of phage therapy (PT) protocols to generate data and fill knowledge gaps regarding the in vivo efficacy of therapeutic phages, patients' immune responses to PT, and the wider ecological effects of PT. By monitoring phage concentrations in blood and tissues, together with immune responses and possible ecological changes during PT, TPM may enable the optimization of dosing and the implementation of precision medicine approaches. Furthermore, TPM can validate diagnostic surrogates of efficacy, direct research efforts, and establish quality assurance indicators for therapeutic phage products. Thus, TPM holds great potential for enhancing our understanding of the multidirectional phage-bacteria-host interactions and advancing "best practice" PT, ultimately improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bosco
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lynch
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Indy Sandaradura
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ameneh Khatami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Malik DJ, Goncalves-Ribeiro H, GoldSchmitt D, Collin J, Belkhiri A, Fernandes D, Weichert H, Kirpichnikova A. Advanced Manufacturing, Formulation and Microencapsulation of Therapeutic Phages. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S370-S383. [PMID: 37932112 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing and formulation of stable, high purity, and high dose bacteriophage drug products (DPs) suitable for clinical usage would benefit from improved process monitoring and control of critical process parameters that affect product quality attributes. Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) for both upstream (USP) and downstream processes (DSP) need mapping of critical process parameters (CPP) and linking these to critical quality attributes (CQA) to ensure quality and consistency of phage drug substance (DS) and DPs development. Single-use technologies are increasingly becoming the go-to manufacturing option with benefits both for phage bioprocess development at the engineering run research stage and for final manufacture of the phage DS. Future phage DPs under clinical development will benefit from implementation of process analytical technologies (PAT) for better process monitoring and control. These are increasingly being used to improve process robustness (to reduce batch-to-batch variability) and productivity (yielding high phage titers). Precise delivery of stable phage DPs that are suitably formulated as liquids, gels, solid-oral dosage forms, and so forth, could significantly enhance efficacy of phage therapy outcomes. Pre-clinical development of phage DPs must include at an early stage of development, considerations for their formulation including their characterization of physiochemical properties (size, charge, etc.), buffer pH and osmolality, compatibility with regulatory approved excipients, storage stability (packaging, temperature, humidity, etc.), ease of application, patient compliance, ease of manufacturability using scalable manufacturing unit operations, cost, and regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish J Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dirk GoldSchmitt
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Collin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Aouatif Belkhiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Nanomaterials Characterisation, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Weichert
- Process Analytical Technology, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Germany
| | - Anya Kirpichnikova
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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9
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Chung KM, Nang SC, Tang SS. The Safety of Bacteriophages in Treatment of Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1347. [PMID: 37895818 PMCID: PMC10610463 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the urgency due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, bacteriophages (phages), which are viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, are rising as a potential alternative to antibiotics. In recent years, researchers have begun to elucidate the safety aspects of phage therapy with the aim of ensuring safe and effective clinical applications. While phage therapy has generally been demonstrated to be safe and tolerable among animals and humans, the current research on phage safety monitoring lacks sufficient and consistent data. This emphasizes the critical need for a standardized phage safety assessment to ensure a more reliable evaluation of its safety profile. Therefore, this review aims to bridge the knowledge gap concerning phage safety for treating MDR bacterial infections by covering various aspects involving phage applications, including phage preparation, administration, and the implications for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Mun Chung
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sue C Nang
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Swee Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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10
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Alkhalil SS. The role of bacteriophages in shaping bacterial composition and diversity in the human gut. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232413. [PMID: 37795308 PMCID: PMC10546012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of the gut has continued to co-evolve alongside their human hosts conferring considerable health benefits including the production of nutrients, drug metabolism, modulation of the immune system, and playing an antagonistic role against pathogen invasion of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The gut is said to provide a habitat for diverse groups of microorganisms where they all co-habit and interact with one another and with the immune system of humans. Phages are bacterial parasites that require the host metabolic system to replicate via the lytic or lysogenic cycle. The phage and bacterial populations are regarded as the most dominant in the gut ecosystem. As such, among the various microbial interactions, the phage-bacteria interactions, although complex, have been demonstrated to co-evolve over time using different mechanisms such as predation, lysogenic conversion, and phage induction, alongside counterdefense by the bacterial population. With the help of models and dynamics of phage-bacteria interactions, the complexity behind their survival in the gut ecosystem was demystified, and their roles in maintaining gut homeostasis and promoting the overall health of humans were elucidated. Although the treatment of various gastrointestinal infections has been demonstrated to be successful against multidrug-resistant causative agents, concerns about this technique are still very much alive among researchers owing to the potential for phages to evolve. Since a dearth of knowledge exists regarding the use of phages for therapeutic purposes, more studies involving experimental models and clinical trials are needed to widen the understanding of bacteria-phage interactions and their association with immunological responses in the gut of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Harhala MA, Gembara K, Rybicka I, Kaźmierczak ZM, Miernikiewicz P, Majewska JM, Budziar W, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Nelson DC, Owczarek B, Dąbrowska K. Immunogenic epitope scanning in bacteriolytic enzymes Pal and Cpl-1 and engineering Pal to escape antibody responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1075774. [PMID: 37781366 PMCID: PMC10540205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1075774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriolytic enzymes are promising antibacterial agents, but they can cause a typical immune response in vivo. In this study, we used a targeted modification method for two antibacterial endolysins, Pal and Cpl-1. We identified the key immunogenic amino acids, and designed and tested new, bacteriolytic variants with altered immunogenicity. One new variant of Pal (257-259 MKS → TFG) demonstrated decreased immunogenicity while a similar mutant (257-259 MKS → TFK) demonstrated increased immunogenicity. A third variant (280-282 DKP → GGA) demonstrated significantly increased antibacterial activity and it was not cross-neutralized by antibodies induced by the wild-type enzyme. We propose this variant as a new engineered endolysin with increased antibacterial activity that is capable of escaping cross-neutralization by antibodies induced by wild-type Pal. We show that efficient antibacterial enzymes that avoid cross-neutralization by IgG can be developed by epitope scanning, in silico design, and substitutions of identified key amino acids with a high rate of success. Importantly, this universal approach can be applied to many proteins beyond endolysins and has the potential for design of numerous biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Adam Harhala
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rybicka
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Maria Kaźmierczak
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Marta Majewska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Budziar
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel C. Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Jo SJ, Kwon J, Kim SG, Lee SJ. The Biotechnological Application of Bacteriophages: What to Do and Where to Go in the Middle of the Post-Antibiotic Era. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2311. [PMID: 37764155 PMCID: PMC10534921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid the escalating challenges of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections have emerged as a global threat. Bacteriophages (phages), viral entities capable of selectively infecting bacteria, are gaining momentum as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Their distinctive attributes, including host specificity, inherent self-amplification, and potential synergy with antibiotics, render them compelling candidates. Phage engineering, a burgeoning discipline, involves the strategic modification of bacteriophages to enhance their therapeutic potential and broaden their applications. The integration of CRISPR-Cas systems facilitates precise genetic modifications, enabling phages to serve as carriers of functional genes/proteins, thereby enhancing diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. Phage engineering holds promise in transforming precision medicine, addressing antibiotic resistance, and advancing diverse applications. Emphasizing the profound therapeutic potential of phages, this review underscores their pivotal role in combatting bacterial diseases and highlights their significance in the post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan City 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheong-ju City 28674, Republic of Korea
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13
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de Souza EB, Pinto AR, Fongaro G. Bacteriophages as Potential Clinical Immune Modulators. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2222. [PMID: 37764066 PMCID: PMC10535580 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages for short) are bacteria-specific viruses that have been drawing attention when it comes to countering the ever-growing antibiotic bacterial resistance, and are being seen as one of the most promising technologies against multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although bacteriophages are commonly regarded only as anti-bacterial objects unable to directly interact with eukaryotic cell metabolism, an increasing quantity of evidence has indicated that bacteriophages can directly affect cells bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo applications, influencing the behavior of tissues and immune systems. In sight of this new range of applications, several authors have expressed enthusiasm in phage therapy as direct modulators of eukaryotic cells for clinical usage, highlighting the need for further investigations covering the pharmacology of these new "eukaryotic-viruses", as even harmful interactions with eukaryotic cells were detected after phage therapy. The present review aims to cover and highlight mechanisms through which bacteriophages may interact with immune cells, analyzing potential clinical applications and obstacles presented in the use of bacteriophages as anti-inflammatory tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estêvão Brasiliense de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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14
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Ichikawa M, Nakamoto N, Kredo-Russo S, Weinstock E, Weiner IN, Khabra E, Ben-Ishai N, Inbar D, Kowalsman N, Mordoch R, Nicenboim J, Golembo M, Zak N, Jablonska J, Sberro-Livnat H, Navok S, Buchshtab N, Suzuki T, Miyamoto K, Teratani T, Fujimori S, Aoto Y, Konda M, Hayashi N, Chu PS, Taniki N, Morikawa R, Kasuga R, Tabuchi T, Sugimoto S, Mikami Y, Shiota A, Bassan M, Kanai T. Bacteriophage therapy against pathological Klebsiella pneumoniae ameliorates the course of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3261. [PMID: 37277351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by progressive biliary inflammation and fibrosis. Although gut commensals are associated with PSC, their causative roles and therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Here we detect abundant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Enterococcus gallinarum in fecal samples from 45 PSC patients, regardless of intestinal complications. Carriers of both pathogens exhibit high disease activity and poor clinical outcomes. Colonization of PSC-derived Kp in specific pathogen-free (SPF) hepatobiliary injury-prone mice enhances hepatic Th17 cell responses and exacerbates liver injury through bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. We developed a lytic phage cocktail that targets PSC-derived Kp with a sustained suppressive effect in vitro. Oral administration of the phage cocktail lowers Kp levels in Kp-colonized germ-free mice and SPF mice, without off-target dysbiosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that oral and intravenous phage administration successfully suppresses Kp levels and attenuates liver inflammation and disease severity in hepatobiliary injury-prone SPF mice. These results collectively suggest that using a lytic phage cocktail shows promise for targeting Kp in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Fujimori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Aoto
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Konda
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corp., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Morikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kasuga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Tabuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Microbiopharm Japan, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Liu H, Kheirvari M, Tumban E. Potential Applications of Thermophilic Bacteriophages in One Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8222. [PMID: 37175929 PMCID: PMC10179064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have a wide range of applications such as combating antibiotic resistance, preventing food contamination for food safety, and as biomarkers to indirectly assess the quality of water. Additionally, bacteriophage components (endolysins and coat proteins) have a lot of applications in food processing, vaccine design, and the delivery of cargo to the body. Therefore, bacteriophages/components have a multitude of applications in human, plant/veterinary, and environmental health (One Health). Despite their versatility, bacteriophage/component use is mostly limited to temperatures within 4-40 °C. This limits their applications (e.g., in food processing conditions, pasteurization, and vaccine design). Advances in thermophilic bacteriophage research have uncovered novel thermophilic endolysins (e.g., ΦGVE2 amidase and MMPphg) that can be used in food processing and in veterinary medicine. The endolysins are thermostable at temperatures > 65 °C and have broad antimicrobial activities. In addition to thermophilic endolysins, enzymes (DNA polymerase and ligases) derived from thermophages have different applications in molecular biology/biotechnology: to generate DNA libraries and develop diagnostics for human and animal pathogens. Furthermore, coat proteins from thermophages are being explored to develop virus-like particle platforms with versatile applications in human and animal health. Overall, bacteriophages, especially those that are thermophilic, have a plethora of applications in One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebenezer Tumban
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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16
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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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17
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Detection and Level Evaluation of Antibodies Specific to Environmental Bacteriophage I11mO19 and Related Coliphages in Non-Immunized Human Sera. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030586. [PMID: 36978455 PMCID: PMC10044619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses infecting bacteria. They are widely present in the environment, food, and normal microflora. The human microbiome is a mutually interdependent network of bacteria, bacteriophages, and human cells. The stability of these tri-kingdom interactions may be essential for maintaining immunologic and metabolic health. Phages, as with each other’s antigens, may evoke an immune response during a human’s lifetime and induce specific antibody generation. In this manuscript, we labeled these antibodies as naturally generated. Naturally generated antibodies may be one of the most important factors limiting the efficacy of phage therapy. Herein, we attempted to determine the physiological level of these antibodies specific to a population bacteriophage named I11mO19 in human sera, using an ELISA-based assay. First, we purified the phage particles and assessed the immunoreactivity of phage proteins. Then, affinity chromatography was performed on columns with immobilized phage proteins to obtain a fraction of human polyclonal anti-phage antibodies. These antibodies were used as a reference to elaborate an immunoenzymatic test that was used to determine the level of natural anti-phage antibodies. We estimated the average level of anti-I11mO19 phage antibodies at 190 µg per one milliliter of human serum. However, immunoblotting revealed that cross-reactivity occurs between some proteins of I11mO19 and two other coliphages: T4 and ΦK1E. The antigens probably share common epitopes, suggesting that the determined level of anti-I11mO19 phage might be overestimated and reflects a group of antibodies reactive to a broad range of other E. coli phages. Anti-I11mO19 antibodies did not react with Pseudomonas bacteriophage F8, confirming specificity to the coliphage group. In this work, we wanted to show whether it is possible to determine the presence and level of anti-phage antibodies in nontargeted-immunized sera, using an immunoenzymatic assay. The conclusion is that it is possible, and specific antibodies can be determined. However, the specificity refers to a broader coliphage group of phages, not only the single phage strain.
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18
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Cui K, Li P, Huang J, Lin F, Li R, Cao D, Hao G, Sun S. Salmonella Phage CKT1 Effectively Controls the Vertical Transmission of Salmonella Pullorum in Adult Broiler Breeders. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020312. [PMID: 36829587 PMCID: PMC9952982 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy is widely being reconsidered as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including salmonellosis caused by Salmonella. As facultative intracellular parasites, Salmonella could spread by vertical transmission and pose a great threat to both human and animal health; however, whether phage treatment might provide an optional strategy for controlling bacterial vertical infection remains unknown. Herein, we explored the effect of phage therapy on controlling the vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum), a poultry pathogen that causes economic losses worldwide due to high mortality and morbidity. A Salmonella phage CKT1 with lysis ability against several S. enterica serovars was isolated and showed that it could inhibit the proliferation of S. Pullorum in vitro efficiently. We then evaluated the effect of phage CKT1 on controlling the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum in an adult broiler breeder model. The results demonstrated that phage CKT1 significantly alleviated hepatic injury and decreased bacterial load in the liver, spleen, heart, ovary, and oviduct of hens, implying that phage CKT1 played an active role in the elimination of Salmonella colonization in adult chickens. Additionally, phage CKT1 enabled a reduction in the Salmonella-specific IgG level in the serum of infected chickens. More importantly, the decrease in the S. Pullorum load on eggshells and in liquid whole eggs revealed that phage CKT1 effectively controlled the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum from hens to laid eggs, indicating the potential ability of phages to control bacterial vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketong Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Peiyong Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ruibo Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Poultry Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Guijuan Hao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-182-5202-6546 (G.H.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-182-5202-6546 (G.H.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
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19
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Repetitive Exposure to Bacteriophage Cocktails against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli Provokes Marginal Humoral Immunity in Naïve Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020387. [PMID: 36851601 PMCID: PMC9964535 DOI: 10.3390/v15020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is of great interest due to the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. However, natural or therapy-induced immunity against therapeutic phages remains a potential concern. In this study, we investigated the innate and adaptive immune responses to two different phage cocktails targeting either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli-two VAP-associated pathogens-in naïve mice without the confounding effects of a bacterial infection. Active or UV-inactivated phage cocktails or buffers were injected intraperitoneally daily for 7 days in C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Blood cell analysis, flow cytometry analysis, assessment of phage distribution and histopathological analysis of spleens were performed at 6 h, 10 days and 21 days after treatment start. Phages reached the lungs and although the phage cocktails were slightly immunogenic, phage injections were well tolerated without obvious adverse effects. No signs of activation of innate or adaptive immune cells were observed; however, both active phage cocktails elicited a minimal humoral response with secretion of phage-specific antibodies. Our findings show that even repetitive injections lead only to a minimal innate and adaptive immune response in naïve mice and suggest that systemic phage treatment is thus potentially suitable for treating bacterial lung infections.
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Abd-El Wahab A, Basiouni S, El-Seedi HR, Ahmed MFE, Bielke LR, Hargis B, Tellez-Isaias G, Eisenreich W, Lehnherr H, Kittler S, Shehata AA, Visscher C. An overview of the use of bacteriophages in the poultry industry: Successes, challenges, and possibilities for overcoming breakdowns. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1136638. [PMID: 37025628 PMCID: PMC10071031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1136638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary contaminants in poultry are Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Their pathogenicity together with the widespread of these bacteria, contributes to many economic losses and poses a threat to public health. With the increasing prevalence of bacterial pathogens being resistant to most conventional antibiotics, scientists have rekindled interest in using bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents. Bacteriophage treatments have also been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry. Bacteriophages' high specificity may allow them only to target a specific bacterial pathogen in the infected animal. However, a tailor-made sophisticated cocktail of different bacteriophages could broaden their antibacterial activity in typical situations with multiple clinical strains infections. Bacteriophages may not only be used in terms of reducing bacterial contamination in animals but also, under industrial conditions, they can be used as safe disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses. Nevertheless, bacteriophage therapies have not been developed sufficiently for widespread use. Problems with resistance, safety, specificity, and long-term stability must be addressed in particular. This review highlights the benefits, challenges, and current limitations of bacteriophage applications in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd-El Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. E. Ahmed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lisa R. Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Billy Hargis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- PTC Phage Technology Center GmbH, a Part of Finktec Group, Bönen, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, An der Trift, Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, Bönen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Awad A. Shehata,
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Christian Visscher,
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21
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Mitropoulou G, Koutsokera A, Csajka C, Blanchon S, Sauty A, Brunet JF, von Garnier C, Resch G, Guery B. Phage therapy for pulmonary infections: lessons from clinical experiences and key considerations. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/166/220121. [PMID: 36198417 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0121-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections lead to significant morbidity and mortality. They are increasingly caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, notably in individuals with cystic fibrosis, hospital-acquired pneumonia and lung transplantation. The use of bacteriophages (phages) to treat bacterial infections is gaining growing attention, with numerous published cases of compassionate treatment over the last few years. Although the use of phages appears safe, the lack of standardisation, the significant heterogeneity of published studies and the paucity of robust efficacy data, alongside regulatory hurdles arising from the existing pharmaceutical legislation, are just some of the challenges phage therapy has to overcome. In this review, we discuss the lessons learned from recent clinical experiences of phage therapy for the treatment of pulmonary infections. We review the key aspects, opportunities and challenges of phage therapy regarding formulations and administration routes, interactions with antibiotics and the immune system, and phage resistance. Building upon the current knowledge base, future pre-clinical studies using emerging technologies and carefully designed clinical trials are expected to enhance our understanding and explore the therapeutic potential of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Mitropoulou
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland .,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Shared first authorship
| | - Angela Koutsokera
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Shared first authorship
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Blanchon
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Paediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Paediatrics, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sauty
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Pulmonology, Neuchâtel Hospital Network, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Francois Brunet
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cell Production Centre, Dept of Interdisciplinary Centres, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Shared last authorship
| | - Benoit Guery
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Shared last authorship
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22
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DuPont HL, Jiang ZD, Alexander AS, DuPont AW, Brown EL. Intestinal IgA-Coated Bacteria in Healthy- and Altered-Microbiomes (Dysbiosis) and Predictive Value in Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010093. [PMID: 36677385 PMCID: PMC9862469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA-coated bacteria in the gut (IgA-biome) provide a homeostatic function in healthy people through inhibition of microbial invaders and by protecting the epithelial monolayer of the gut. The laboratory methods used to detect this group of bacteria require flow cytometry and DNA sequencing (IgA-Seq). With dysbiosis (reduced diversity of the microbiome), the IgA-biome also is impaired. In the presence of enteric infection, oral vaccines, or an intestinal inflammatory disorder, the IgA-biome focuses on the pathogenic bacteria or foreign antigens, while in other chronic diseases associated with dysbiosis, the IgA-biome is reduced in capacity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the use of fecal product from well-screened, healthy donors administered to patients with dysbiosis, has been successful in engrafting the intestine with healthy microbiota and metabolites leading to improve health. Through FMT, IgA-coated bacteria have been transferred to recipients retaining their immune coating. The IgA-biome should be evaluated in FMT studies as these mucosal-associated bacteria are more likely to be associated with successful transplantation than free luminal organisms. Studies of the microbiome pre- and post-FMT should employ metagenomic methods that identify bacteria at least at the species level to better identify organisms of interest while allowing comparisons of microbiota data between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-500-9366
| | - Zhi-Dong Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrew W. DuPont
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric L. Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Prolongation of Fate of Bacteriophages In Vivo by Polylactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid/Alginate-Composite Encapsulation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091264. [PMID: 36140043 PMCID: PMC9495427 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With concern growing over antibiotics resistance, the use of bacteriophages to combat resistant bacteria has been suggested as an alternative strategy with which to enable the selective control of targeted pathogens. One major challenge that restrains the therapeutic application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents is their short lifespan, which limits their antibacterial effect in vivo. Here, we developed a polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/alginate-composite microsphere for increasing the lifespan of bacteriophages in vivo. The alginate matrix in PLGA microspheres encapsulated the bacteriophages and protected them against destabilization by an organic solvent. Encapsulated bacteriophages were detected in the tissue for 28 days post-administration, while the bacteriophages administered without advanced encapsulation survived in vivo for only 3–5 days. The bacteriophages with extended fate showed prophylaxis against the bacterial pathogens for 28 days post-administration. This enhanced prophylaxis is presumed to have originated from the diminished immune response against these encapsulated bacteriophages because of their controlled release. Collectively, composite encapsulation has prophylactic potential against bacterial pathogens that threaten food safety and public health.
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24
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Determination of anti-phage antibodies in calf sera following application of Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica-specific bacteriophages. J Vet Res 2022; 66:353-360. [PMID: 36349127 PMCID: PMC9597941 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria has increased interest in alternatives to antibiotics for combatting bacterial infections, among which bacteriophages play an important role. The ability of phage proteins to induce an anti-phage immune response can significantly limit the effectiveness of treatment, which was the basis for the study described in this article. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of bacteriophages on the induction of an anti-phage humoral response in calves. Material and Methods The study was conducted using phage components of experimental preparations and sera from calves treated and not treated with phages. Levels of G, M and A immunoglobulins were analysed by ELISA. The assay plates were coated with whole Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica phages and selected phage proteins obtained in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Neutralisation of phages by immunoglobulins was assessed by determining phage titres using double-layer plates. Results The results confirmed an increased anti-phage response affecting all immunoglobulin classes in the calf sera. The highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) level of antibodies was observed for IgG in the sera of calves receiving phages. The phage neutralisation test showed a significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the reduction of phage titres in comparison to untreated calves. Conclusion Despite the induction of an anti-phage response, no significant negative effect on the antibacterial activity of phages was observed in vitro.
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25
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Targeted suppression of human IBD-associated gut microbiota commensals by phage consortia for treatment of intestinal inflammation. Cell 2022; 185:2879-2898.e24. [PMID: 35931020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut commensals are increasingly suggested to impact non-communicable diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), yet their targeted suppression remains a daunting unmet challenge. In four geographically distinct IBD cohorts (n = 537), we identify a clade of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) strains, featuring a unique antibiotics resistance and mobilome signature, to be strongly associated with disease exacerbation and severity. Transfer of clinical IBD-associated Kp strains into colitis-prone, germ-free, and colonized mice enhances intestinal inflammation. Stepwise generation of a lytic five-phage combination, targeting sensitive and resistant IBD-associated Kp clade members through distinct mechanisms, enables effective Kp suppression in colitis-prone mice, driving an attenuated inflammation and disease severity. Proof-of-concept assessment of Kp-targeting phages in an artificial human gut and in healthy volunteers demonstrates gastric acid-dependent phage resilience, safety, and viability in the lower gut. Collectively, we demonstrate the feasibility of orally administered combination phage therapy in avoiding resistance, while effectively inhibiting non-communicable disease-contributing pathobionts.
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26
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Development of a Monoclonal Antibody to a Vibriophage as a Proxy for Vibrio cholerae Detection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0016122. [PMID: 35862704 PMCID: PMC9387236 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00161-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is an acute watery, diarrheal disease that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality without treatment. Early detection of the etiologic agent of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is important to mobilize treatment and mitigate outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) enable early detection in settings without laboratory capacity. However, the odds of an RDT testing positive are reduced by nearly 90% when the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 is present. We hypothesize that adding a mAb for the common, and specific, virulent bacteriophage ICP1 as a proxy for V. cholerae to an RDT will increase diagnostic sensitivity when virulent ICP1 phage is present. In this study, we used an in-silico approach to identify immunogenic ICP1 protein targets that were conserved across disparate time periods and locations. Specificity of targets to cholera patients with known ICP1 was determined, and specific targets were used to produce mAbs in a murine model. Candidate mAbs to the head protein demonstrated specificity to ICP1 by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an ICP1 phage neutralization assay. The limit of detection of the final mAb candidate for ICP1 phage particles spiked into cholera stool matrix was 8 × 105 PFU by Western blotting analysis. This mAb will be incorporated into a RDT prototype for evaluation in a future diagnostic study to test the guiding hypothesis behind this study.
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27
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Serwer P. A Perspective on Studies of Phage DNA Packaging Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147854. [PMID: 35887200 PMCID: PMC9324371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue “DNA Packaging Dynamics of Bacteriophages” is focused on an event that is among the physically simplest known events with biological character. Thus, phage DNA (and RNA) packaging is used as a relatively accessible model for physical analysis of all biological events. A similar perspective motivated early phage-directed work, which was a major contributor to early molecular biology. However, analysis of DNA packaging encounters the limitation that phages vary in difficulty of observing various aspects of their packaging. If a difficult-to-access aspect arises while using a well-studied phage, a counterstrategy is to (1) look for and use phages that provide a better access “window” and (2) integrate multi-phage-accessed information with the help of chemistry and physics. The assumption is that all phages are characterized by the same evolution-derived themes, although with variations. Universal principles will emerge from the themes. A spin-off of using this strategy is the isolation and characterization of the diverse phages needed for biomedicine. Below, I give examples in the areas of infectious disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Serwer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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28
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Rehabilitation of a misbehaving microbiome: phages for the remodeling of bacterial composition and function. iScience 2022; 25:104146. [PMID: 35402871 PMCID: PMC8991392 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered an adjunct metabolic organ owing to its health impact. Recent studies have shown correlations between gut phage composition and host health. Whereas phage therapy has popularized virulent phages as antimicrobials, both virulent and temperate phages have a natural ecological relationship with their cognate bacteria. Characterization of this evolutionary coadaptation has led to other emergent therapeutic phage applications that do not necessarily rely on bacterial eradication or target pathogens. Here, we present an overview of the tripartite relationship between phages, bacteria, and the mammalian host, and highlight applications of the wildtype and genetically engineered phage for gut microbiome remodeling. In light of new and varied strategies, we propose to categorize phage applications aiming to modulate bacterial composition or function as “phage rehabilitation.” By delineating phage rehab from phage therapy, we believe it will enable greater nuance and understanding of these new phage-based technologies.
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29
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Kowalski J, Górska R, Cieślik M, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. What Are the Potential Benefits of Using Bacteriophages in Periodontal Therapy? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040446. [PMID: 35453197 PMCID: PMC9027636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which may result in tooth loss, constitutes both a serious medical and social problem. This pathology, if not treated, can contribute to the development of, among others, pancreatic cancer, cardiovascular diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. The available treatment methods are expensive but not always fully effective. For this reason, the search for and isolation of bacteriophages specific to bacterial strains causing periodontitis seems to be a great opportunity to target persistent colonization by bacterial pathogens and lower the use of antibiotics consequently limiting further development of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a growing challenge in periodontal therapy as resistant pathogens may be isolated from more than 70% of patients with periodontitis. The aim of this review is to present the perspective of phage application in the prevention and/or treatment of periodontitis alongside its complicated multifactorial aetiology and emphasize the challenges connecting composition and application of effective phage preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kowalski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (R.G.)
| | - Martyna Cieślik
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and medical device-related infections have led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or adjunct to conventional antimicrobials. Expanded access and compassionate use cases have risen exponentially but have varied widely in approach, methodology, and clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered. Large gaps in knowledge contribute to heterogeneity in approach and lack of consensus in many important clinical areas. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has convened a panel of experts in phage therapy, clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology, who worked with regulatory experts and a funding agency to identify questions based on a clinical framework and divided them into three themes: potential clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered, laboratory testing, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Suggestions are provided as answers to a series of questions intended to inform clinicians considering experimental phage therapy for patients in their clinical practices.
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31
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Diacon AH, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Rosenkranz B, Rubio Pomar FJ, Vanker N, Hatfull GF. Mycobacteriophages to Treat Tuberculosis: Dream or Delusion? Respiration 2021; 101:1-15. [PMID: 34814151 DOI: 10.1159/000519870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of antimicrobial resistance are increasing globally while the pipeline of new antibiotics is drying up, putting patients with disease caused by drug-resistant bacteria at increased risk of complications and death. The growing costs for diagnosis and management of drug resistance threaten tuberculosis control where the disease is endemic and resources limited. Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria. Phage preparations served as anti-infective agents long before antibiotics were discovered. Though small in size, phages are the most abundant and diverse biological entity on earth. Phages have co-evolved with their hosts and possess all the tools needed to infect and kill bacteria, independent of drug resistance. Modern biotechnology has improved our understanding of the biology of phages and their possible uses. Phage preparations are available to treat meat, fruit, vegetables, and dairy products against parasites or to prevent contamination with human pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus. Such phage-treated products are considered fit for human consumption. A number of recent case reports describe in great detail the successful treatment of highly drug-resistant infections with individualized phage preparations. Formal clinical trials with standardized products are slowly emerging. With its highly conserved genome and relative paucity of natural phage defence mechanisms Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears to be a suitable target for phage treatment. A phage cocktail with diverse and strictly lytic phages that kill all lineages of M. tuberculosis, and can be propagated on Mycobacterium smegmatis, has been assembled and is available for the evaluation of optimal dosage and suitable routes of administration for tuberculosis in humans. Phage treatment can be expected to be safe and active on extracellular organisms, but phage penetration to intracellular and granulomatous environments as well as synergistic effects with antibiotics are important questions to address during further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Pharmacology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Graham F Hatfull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Alomari MMM, Dec M, Urban-Chmiel R. Bacteriophages as an Alternative Method for Control of Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogens. Viruses 2021; 13:2348. [PMID: 34960617 PMCID: PMC8709489 DOI: 10.3390/v13122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in multidrug-resistant infections caused by various pathogens has raised concerns in human and veterinary medicine. This has renewed interest in the development of alternative methods to antibiotics, including the use of bacteriophages for controlling bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to present potential uses of bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria posing a risk to humans, with particular emphasis on foodborne and zoonotic pathogens. A varied therapeutic and immunomodulatory (activation or suppression) effect of bacteriophages on humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms has been demonstrated. The antibiotic resistance crisis caused by global antimicrobial resistance among bacteria creates a compelling need for alternative safe and selectively effective antibacterial agents. Bacteriophages have many properties indicating their potential suitability as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents. In many cases, bacteriophages can also be used in food quality control against microorganisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Campylobacter and others. Future research will provide potential alternative solutions using bacteriophages to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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33
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Abstract
Mediators of the initiation, development, and recurrence of periodontitis include the oral microbiome embedded in subgingival plaque and the host immune response to a dysbiosis within this dynamic and complex microbial community. Although mediators have been studied extensively, researchers in the field have been unable to fully ascribe certain clinical presentations of periodontitis to their nature. Emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has resulted in better characterization of the microbial oral dysbiosis that extends beyond the extensively studied putative bacterial periodontopathogens to a shift in the oral virome composition during disease conditions. Although the biological dark matter inserted by retroviruses was once believed to be nonfunctional, research has revealed that it encodes historical viral-eukaryotic interactions and influences host development. The objective of this review is to evaluate the proposed association of herpesviruses to the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease and survey the highly abundant prokaryotic viruses to delineate their potential roles in biofilm dynamics, as well as their interactions with putative bacterial periodontopathogens and eukaryotic cells. The findings suggest that potential novel periodontal therapies targeting or utilizing the oral virome can alleviate certain clinical presentations of periodontitis. Perhaps it is time to embrace the viral dark matter within the periodontal environment to fully comprehend the pathogenesis and systemic implications of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Martínez
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Life Science DentistryThe Nippon Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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34
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Podlacha M, Grabowski Ł, Kosznik-Kawśnicka K, Zdrojewska K, Stasiłojć M, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms-Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8937. [PMID: 34445641 PMCID: PMC8396182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these viruses were for a long time considered to be neutral to animals and humans. However, studies of recent years provided clear evidence that bacteriophages can interact with eukaryotic cells, significantly influencing the functions of tissues, organs, and systems of mammals, including humans. In this review article, we summarize and discuss recent discoveries in the field of interactions of phages with animal and human organisms. Possibilities of penetration of bacteriophages into eukaryotic cells, tissues, and organs are discussed, and evidence of the effects of phages on functions of the immune system, respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, and reproductive system are presented and discussed. Modulations of cancer cells by bacteriophages are indicated. Direct and indirect effects of virulent and temperate phages are discussed. We conclude that interactions of bacteriophages with animal and human organisms are robust, and they must be taken under consideration when using these viruses in medicine, especially in phage therapy, and in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kawśnicka
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Karolina Zdrojewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (M.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.G.); (K.K.-K.)
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35
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Liu D, Van Belleghem JD, de Vries CR, Burgener E, Chen Q, Manasherob R, Aronson JR, Amanatullah DF, Tamma PD, Suh GA. The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:1268. [PMID: 34209836 PMCID: PMC8310247 DOI: 10.3390/v13071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of infection by antibiotic resistant bacteria have led to a resurgence of interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Several phage therapy studies in animals and humans have been completed over the last two decades. We conducted a systematic review of safety and toxicity data associated with phage therapy in both animals and humans reported in English language publications from 2008-2021. Overall, 69 publications met our eligibility criteria including 20 animal studies, 35 clinical case reports or case series, and 14 clinical trials. After summarizing safety and toxicity data from these publications, we discuss potential approaches to optimize safety and toxicity monitoring with the therapeutic use of phage moving forward. In our systematic review of the literature, we found some adverse events associated with phage therapy, but serious events were extremely rare. Comprehensive and standardized reporting of potential toxicities associated with phage therapy has generally been lacking in the published literature. Structured safety and tolerability endpoints are necessary when phages are administered as anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Burn, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.D.V.B.); (C.R.d.V.); (Q.C.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Jonas D. Van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.D.V.B.); (C.R.d.V.); (Q.C.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Christiaan R. de Vries
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.D.V.B.); (C.R.d.V.); (Q.C.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Elizabeth Burgener
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.D.V.B.); (C.R.d.V.); (Q.C.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Robert Manasherob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.M.); (D.F.A.)
| | - Jenny R. Aronson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.D.V.B.); (C.R.d.V.); (Q.C.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Derek F. Amanatullah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.M.); (D.F.A.)
| | - Pranita D. Tamma
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Gina A. Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chechushkov A, Kozlova Y, Baykov I, Morozova V, Kravchuk B, Ushakova T, Bardasheva A, Zelentsova E, Allaf LA, Tikunov A, Vlassov V, Tikunova N. Influence of Caudovirales Phages on Humoral Immunity in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:1241. [PMID: 34206836 PMCID: PMC8310086 DOI: 10.3390/v13071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents. Although they have been recognized as bacterial viruses and are considered to be non-interacting with eukaryotic cells, there is growing evidence that phages may have a significant impact on the immune system via interactions with macrophages, neutrophils, and T-cell polarization. In this study, the influence of phages of podovirus, siphovirus, and myovirus morphotypes on humoral immunity of CD-1 mice was investigated. In addition, tissue distribution of the phages was tested in these mice. No common patterns were found either in the distribution of phages in mice or in changes in the levels of cytokines in the sera of mice once injected with phages. Importantly, pre-existing IgM-class antibodies directed against capsid proteins of phages with myovirus and siphovirus morphotypes were identified in mice before immunization. After triple immunization of CD1-mice with phages without any adjuvant, levels of anti-phage serum polyclonal IgG antibodies increased. Immunogenic phage proteins recognized by IgM and/or IgG antibodies were identified using Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry. In addition, mice serum collected after immunization demonstrated neutralizing properties, leading to a substantial decrease in infectivity of investigated phages with myovirus and siphovirus morphotypes. Moreover, serum samples collected before administration of these phages exhibited some ability to reduce the phage infectivity. Furthermore, Proteus phage PM16 with podovirus morphotype did not elicit IgM or IgG antibodies in immunized mice, and no neutralizing activities against PM16 were revealed in mouse serum samples before and after immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Chechushkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Yuliya Kozlova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Ivan Baykov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Vera Morozova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Bogdana Kravchuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Tatyana Ushakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Alevtina Bardasheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Zelentsova
- International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Lina Al Allaf
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem Tikunov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.C.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (L.A.A.); (A.T.); (V.V.)
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Ramirez-Sanchez C, Gonzales F, Buckley M, Biswas B, Henry M, Deschenes MV, Horne B, Fackler J, Brownstein MJ, Schooley RT, Aslam S. Successful Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection with Bacteriophage Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:1182. [PMID: 34205687 PMCID: PMC8233819 DOI: 10.3390/v13061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful joint replacement is a life-enhancing procedure with significant growth in the past decade. Prosthetic joint infection occurs rarely; it is a biofilm-based infection that is poorly responsive to antibiotic alone. Recent interest in bacteriophage therapy has made it possible to treat some biofilm-based infections, as well as those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, successfully when conventional antibiotic therapy has failed. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who was successfully treated after a second cycle of bacteriophage therapy administered at the time of a two-stage exchange procedure for a persistent methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) prosthetic knee-joint infection. We highlight the safety and efficacy of both intravenous and intra-articular infusions of bacteriophage therapy, a successful outcome with a single lytic phage, and the development of serum neutralization with prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.R.-S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Francis Gonzales
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (F.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Maureen Buckley
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (F.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Biswajit Biswas
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (B.B.); (M.H.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Matthew Henry
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (B.B.); (M.H.); (M.V.D.)
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Michael V. Deschenes
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (B.B.); (M.H.); (M.V.D.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Bri’Anna Horne
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (B.H.); (J.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Joseph Fackler
- Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (B.H.); (J.F.); (M.J.B.)
| | | | - Robert T. Schooley
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.R.-S.); (R.T.S.)
- Center for Innovative Phage Therapy and Applications, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saima Aslam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.R.-S.); (R.T.S.)
- Center for Innovative Phage Therapy and Applications, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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38
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Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Nowak S, Harhala M, Lecion D, Kęska W, Owczarek B, Ciekot J, Drab M, Kędzierski P, Mazurkiewicz-Kania M, Górski A, Dąbrowska K. Immune Response to Therapeutic Staphylococcal Bacteriophages in Mammals: Kinetics of Induction, Immunogenic Structural Proteins, Natural and Induced Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639570. [PMID: 34194425 PMCID: PMC8236893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are able to affect the human immune system. Phage-specific antibodies are considered as major factors shaping phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. So far, general knowledge of phage antigenicity nevertheless remains extremely limited. Here we present comparative studies of immunogenicity in two therapeutic bacteriophages, A3R and 676Z, active against Staphylococcus aureus, routinely applied in patients at the Phage Therapy Unit, Poland. Comparison of the overall ability of whole phages to induce specific antibodies in a murine model revealed typical kinetics of IgM and IgG induction by these two phages. In further studies we identified the location of four phage proteins in the virions, with the focus on the external capsid head (Mcp) or tail sheath (TmpH) or an unidentified precise location (ORF059 and ORF096), and we confirmed their role as structural proteins of these viruses. Next, we compared the immune response elicited by these proteins after phage administration in mice. Similar to that in T4 phage, Mcp was the major element of the capsid that induced specific antibodies. Studies of protein-specific sera revealed that antibodies specific to ORF096 were able to neutralize antibacterial activity of the phages. In humans (population level), none of the studied proteins plays a particular role in the induction of specific antibodies; thus none potentially affects in a particular way the effectiveness of A3R and 676Z. Also in patients subjected to phage therapy, we did not observe increased specific immune responses to the investigated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kęska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Drab
- Unit of Nano-Structural Bio-Interactions, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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39
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Abstract
Bacteriophages-viruses that infect bacteria-are abundant within our bodies, but their significance to human health is only beginning to be explored. Here, we synthesize what is currently known about our phageome and its interactions with the immune system. We first review how phages indirectly affect immunity via bacterial expression of phage-encoded proteins. We next review how phages directly influence innate immunity and bacterial clearance. Finally, we discuss adaptive immunity against phages and its implications for phage/bacterial interactions. In light of these data, we propose that our microbiome can be understood as an interconnected network of bacteria, bacteriophages, and human cells and that the stability of these tri-kingdom interactions may be important for maintaining our immunologic and metabolic health. Conversely, the disruption of this balance, through exposure to exogenous phages, microbial dysbiosis, or immune dysregulation, may contribute to disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medeea Popescu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Jonas D Van Belleghem
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Arya Khosravi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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40
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Li Y, Handley SA, Baldridge MT. The dark side of the gut: Virome-host interactions in intestinal homeostasis and disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201044. [PMID: 33760921 PMCID: PMC8006857 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse enteric viral communities that infect microbes and the animal host collectively constitute the gut virome. Although recent advances in sequencing and analysis of metaviromes have revealed the complexity of the virome and facilitated discovery of new viruses, our understanding of the enteric virome is still incomplete. Recent studies have uncovered how virome-host interactions can contribute to beneficial or detrimental outcomes for the host. Understanding the complex interactions between enteric viruses and the intestinal immune system is a prerequisite for elucidating their role in intestinal diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the enteric virome composition and summarize recent findings about how enteric viruses are sensed by and, in turn, modulate host immune responses during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott A. Handley
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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41
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Aghaee BL, Khan Mirzaei M, Alikhani MY, Mojtahedi A, Maurice CF. Improving the Inhibitory Effect of Phages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from a Burn Patient Using a Combination of Phages and Antibiotics. Viruses 2021; 13:334. [PMID: 33670028 PMCID: PMC7926668 DOI: 10.3390/v13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance causes around 700,000 deaths a year worldwide. Without immediate action, we are fast approaching a post-antibiotic era in which common infections can result in death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of nosocomial infection and is also one of the three bacterial pathogens in the WHO list of priority bacteria for developing new antibiotics against. A viable alternative to antibiotics is to use phages, which are bacterial viruses. Yet, the isolation of phages that efficiently kill their target bacteria has proven difficult. Using a combination of phages and antibiotics might increase treatment efficacy and prevent the development of resistance against phages and/or antibiotics, as evidenced by previous studies. Here, in vitro populations of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a burn patient were treated with a single phage, a mixture of two phages (used simultaneously and sequentially), and the combination of phages and antibiotics (at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MIC levels). In addition, we tested the stability of these phages at different temperatures, pH values, and in two burn ointments. Our results show that the two-phages-one-antibiotic combination had the highest killing efficiency against the P. aeruginosa strain. The phages tested showed low stability at high temperatures, acidic pH values, and in the two ointments. This work provides additional support for the potential of using combinations of phage-antibiotic cocktails at sub-MIC levels for the treatment of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Lashtoo Aghaee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 65178-38678, Iran;
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University of Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 65178-38678, Iran;
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41938-33697, Iran
| | - Corinne F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
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42
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Azeredo J, Pirnay JP, Pires DP, Kutateladze M, Dabrowska K, Lavigne R, Blasdel B. Phage Therapy. WIKIJOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy refers to the use of bacteriophages (phages - bacterial viruses) as therapeutic agents against infectious bacterial diseases. This therapeutic approach emerged in the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the second world war. More recently however, the alarming rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the consequent need for antibiotic alternatives has renewed interest in phages as antimicrobial agents. Several scientific, technological and regulatory advances have supported the credibility of a second revolution in phage therapy. Nevertheless, phage therapy still faces many challenges that include: i) the need to increase phage collections from reference phage banks; ii) the development of efficient phage screening methods for the fast identification of the therapeutic phage(s); iii) the establishment of efficient phage therapy strategies to tackle infectious biofilms; iv) the validation of feasible phage production protocols that assure quality and safety of phage preparations; and (v) the guarantee of stability of phage preparations during manufacturing, storage and transport. Moreover, current maladapted regulatory structures represent a significant hurdle for potential commercialization of phage therapeutics. This article describes the past and current status of phage therapy and presents the most recent advances in this domain.
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43
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Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Phage-specific antibodies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 68:186-192. [PMID: 33388538 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific to phage virions have been observed many times, both in animals and in humans. Phages induce the T-dependent type of immune response, which is fundamental for immunological memory and long retention of abilities to recognize and respond to foreign epitopes. Experimental models have shown that phage-specific antibodies can be devastating for a phage in vivo. Observations from phage treatment in humans demonstrate however that antibodies do not necessarily hinder phage therapy. Controlling effective doses may help in controlling the immune response to phage and to create 'therapeutic windows' for the phage. Phage therapy design may also benefit from understanding phage antigenicity and predicting possible cross-reactions between antibodies specific to different phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gembara
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
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44
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Bodner K, Melkonian AL, Covert MW. The Enemy of My Enemy: New Insights Regarding Bacteriophage-Mammalian Cell Interactions. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:528-541. [PMID: 33243546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entity in the human body, but until recently the role that phages play in human health was not well characterized. Although phages do not cause infections in human cells, phages can alter the severity of bacterial infections by the dissemination of virulence factors amongst bacterial hosts. Recent studies, made possible with advances in genome engineering and microscopy, have uncovered a novel role for phages in the human body - the ability to modulate the physiology of the mammalian cells that can harbor intracellular bacteria. In this review, we synthesize key results on how phages traverse through mammalian cells - including uptake, distribution, and interaction with intracellular receptors - highlighting how these steps in turn influence host cell killing of bacteria. We discuss the implications of the growing field of phage-mammalian cell interactions for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bodner
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Systems Modeling of Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Arin L Melkonian
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Systems Modeling of Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Markus W Covert
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Systems Modeling of Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Luong T, Salabarria AC, Roach DR. Phage Therapy in the Resistance Era: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Clin Ther 2020; 42:1659-1680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Kaźmierczak Z, Majewska J, Sillankorva S, Miernikiewicz P, Międzybrodzki R, Górski A, Azeredo J, Lavigne R, Lecion D, Nowak S, Harhala M, Waśko P, Owczarek B, Gembara K, Dąbrowska K. Natural and Induced Antibodies Against Phages in Humans: Induction Kinetics and Immunogenicity for Structural Proteins of PB1-Related Phages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:91-99. [DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Institute, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorota Lecion
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Nowak
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Harhala
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Waśko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Żbikowska K, Michalczuk M, Dolka B. The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E872. [PMID: 32443410 PMCID: PMC7278383 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists' interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Żbikowska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Ż.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Michalczuk
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Ż.); (M.M.)
| | - Beata Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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