1
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Ye C, Liu X, Liu Z, Pan C, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Sun H. Fusobacterium nucleatum in tumors: from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis and tumor resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306676. [PMID: 38289287 PMCID: PMC10829845 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in cancer progression and prognosis. While extensive research has revealed mechanistic links between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a comprehensive review spanning its presence and metastatic implications in cancers beyond colorectal origin is conspicuously absent. This paper broadens our perspective from colorectal cancer to various malignancies associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, including oral, pancreatic, esophageal, breast, and gastric cancers. Our central focus is to unravel the mechanisms governing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonization, initiation, and promotion of metastasis across diverse cancer types. Additionally, we explore Fusobacterium nucleatum's adverse impacts on cancer therapies, particularly within the domains of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, this paper underscores the clinical research significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, offering a novel outlook on its applicability in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilun Liu
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxuan Pan
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanyi Zhao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central People’s Hospital of Ji’an, Shanghai East Hospital of Ji’an, Ji’an, China
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2
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Zhao J, Gu M, Zhang Y, Jia X, Xiao W, Lu G, Chen W, Gong W. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment reduce uncoupling protein 1 expression to boost immunosuppressive activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150408. [PMID: 39032414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is located at the inner membrane of mitochondria and mediates nonshivering thermogenesis. Its abnormal expression is associated with metabolic diseases, cancer, and acute kidney injury. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with immunosuppressive activity accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, decreased UCP1 expression in MDSCs was observed in the peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer and transplanted mouse tumors. Aggravated tumor progression was observed in UCP1-knockout mice and conditional knockout mice (UCP1fl/fl-S100A8cre). The number of G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs increased in the transplanted tumor tissues from UCP1-deficient mice compared with those from wild-type mice. The tumor-promoting effect disappeared when the tumor-bearing mice were depleted of MDSCs by the α-DR5 administration. Adoptive transfer of tumor-derived MDSCs sharply promoted the tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, these tumor-derived MDSCs enhanced the proliferation, reduced death, inhibited IFN-γ production of CD4+ and CD8+T cells, and induced Treg cells ex vivo. In conclusion, MDSCs in the TME alter the metabolic pattern by decreasing UCP1 expression to enhance immunosuppressive activity for tumor escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Jingjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, 214504, China
| | - Min Gu
- Univeristy Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Univeristy Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Univeristy Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Univeristy Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Nucleic Acid & Cell Fate Regulation (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225001, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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3
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Rajkumari S, Singh J, Agrawal U, Agrawal S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:112949. [PMID: 39236460 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are crucial for immune system evasion in cancer. They accumulate in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment, suppressing immune cells like T-cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. They promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by secreting cytokines and growth factors and contribute to a tumor-promoting environment. The accumulation of MDSCs in cancer patients has been linked to poor prognosis and resistance to various cancer therapies. Targeting MDSCs and their immunosuppressive mechanisms may improve treatment outcomes and enhance immune surveillance by developing drugs that inhibit MDSC function, by preventing their accumulation and by disrupting the tumor-promoting environment. This review presents a detailed overview of the MDSC research in cancer with regulation of their development and function. The relevance of MDSC as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in different types of cancers, along with recent advancements on the therapeutic approaches to target MDSCs are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Rajkumari
- ICMR National Institute of Medical Statistics, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- ICMR National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- Asian Institute of Public Health University (AIPH) University, 1001 Haridamada, Jatani, Near IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751002, India
| | - Sandeep Agrawal
- Discovery Research Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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4
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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5
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Luo M, Li Q, Gu Q, Zhang C. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a novel regulator of antitumor immune checkpoint blockade therapy in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3962-3975. [PMID: 39267665 PMCID: PMC11387864 DOI: 10.62347/myza2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved significant success in treating various cancers, leading to improved therapeutic responses and survival rates among patients. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), ICB has yielded poor results in tumors that are mismatch repair proficient, microsatellite-stable, or have low levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-L), which account for up to 95% of CRC cases. The underlying mechanisms behind the lack of immune response in MSI-negative CRC to immune checkpoint inhibitors remain an open conundrum. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore the intrinsic mechanisms and related biomarkers to enhance the intratumoral immune response and render the tumor "immune-reactive". Intestinal microbes, such as the oral microbiome member Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), have recently been thought to play a crucial role in regulating effective immunotherapeutic responses. Herein, we advocate the idea that a complex interplay involving F. nucleatum, the local immune system, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences ICB responses. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including the regulation of immune cell proliferation, inhibition of T lymphocyte, natural killer (NK) cell function, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell function, as well as modification of the TME. This review aims to summarize the latest potential roles and mechanisms of F. nucleatum in antitumor immunotherapies for CRC. Additionally, it discusses the clinical application value of F. nucleatum as a biomarker for CRC and explores novel strategies, such as nano-delivery systems, for modulating F. nucleatum to enhance the efficacy of ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518081, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518081, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingdan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518081, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518081, Guangdong, China
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6
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Valdez-Salazar F, Jiménez-Del Rio LA, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Valle Y, Muñoz-Valle JF, Valdés-Alvarado E. Advances in Melanoma: From Genetic Insights to Therapeutic Innovations. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1851. [PMID: 39200315 PMCID: PMC11351162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, such as mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT, and melanoma pathogenesis. The MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are highlighted for their roles in tumor growth and resistance mechanisms. Additionally, this review delves into the impact of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, on melanoma progression. The tumor microenvironment, characterized by immune cells, stromal cells, and soluble factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating tumor behavior and treatment responses. Emerging technologies like single-cell sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, and AI-driven diagnostics are transforming melanoma research, offering precise and personalized approaches to treatment. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized mRNA vaccines, has revolutionized melanoma therapy by enhancing the body's immune response. Despite these advances, resistance mechanisms remain a challenge, underscoring the need for combined therapies and ongoing research to achieve durable therapeutic responses. This comprehensive overview aims to highlight the current state of melanoma research and the transformative impacts of these advancements on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Valdés-Alvarado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.V.-S.)
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7
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Sinkarevs S, Strumfs B, Volkova S, Strumfa I. Tumour Microenvironment: The General Principles of Pathogenesis and Implications in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38920685 PMCID: PMC11201569 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, constituting around 30-40% of all cases. Almost 60% of patients develop relapse of refractory DLBCL. Among the reasons for the therapy failure, tumour microenvironment (TME) components could be involved, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and different subtypes of cytotoxic CD8+ cells and T regulatory cells, which show complex interactions with tumour cells. Understanding of the TME can provide new therapeutic options for patients with DLBCL and improve their prognosis and overall survival. This review provides essentials of the latest understanding of tumour microenvironment elements and discusses their role in tumour progression and immune suppression mechanisms which result in poor prognosis for patients with DLBCL. In addition, we point out important markers for the diagnostic purposes and highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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8
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Bakkerus L, Subtil B, Bontkes HJ, Gootjes EC, Reijm M, Vullings M, Verrijp K, Bokhorst JM, Woortman C, Nagtegaal ID, Jonker MA, van der Vliet HJ, Verhoef C, Gorris MA, de Vries IJM, de Gruijl TD, Verheul HM, Buffart TE, Tauriello DVF. Exploring immune status in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in association with survival in patients with multi-organ metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2361971. [PMID: 38868078 PMCID: PMC11168219 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2361971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises considerable clinical challenges, including a high mortality rate once the tumor spreads to distant sites. At this advanced stage, more accurate prediction of prognosis and treatment outcome is urgently needed. The role of cancer immunity in metastatic CRC (mCRC) is poorly understood. Here, we explore cellular immune cell status in patients with multi-organ mCRC. We analyzed T cell infiltration in primary tumor sections, surveyed the lymphocytic landscape of liver metastases, and assessed circulating mononuclear immune cells. Besides asking whether immune cells are associated with survival at this stage of the disease, we investigated correlations between the different tissue types; as this could indicate a dominant immune phenotype. Taken together, our analyses corroborate previous observations that higher levels of CD8+ T lymphocytes link to better survival outcomes. Our findings therefore extend evidence from earlier stages of CRC to indicate an important role for cancer immunity in disease control even after metastatic spreading to multiple organs. This finding may help to improve predicting outcome of patients with mCRC and suggests a future role for immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bakkerus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Subtil
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J. Bontkes
- Department Laboratory Medicine, LGDO, Section Medical Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske C. Gootjes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Reijm
- Department Laboratory Medicine, LGDO, Section Medical Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiek Verrijp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John-Melle Bokhorst
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Woortman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne A. Jonker
- Department of IQ Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgery, ErasmusMC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A.J. Gorris
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M.W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke E. Buffart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele V. F. Tauriello
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Gu Y, Liu Q, He Q, Wu Q, Li L, Xu D, Zheng L, Xie L, Cheng S, Shen H, Zhou Y, Yang J, Jin H, Zhang X. LC3-dependent extracellular vesicles promote M-MDSC accumulation and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer. iScience 2024; 27:109272. [PMID: 38706868 PMCID: PMC11066428 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
For a long time, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) dilated in circulation system of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have been puzzling clinicians. Various evidence shows that MDSCs constitute the bulk of immunosuppression in CRC, which is related to tumor growth, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, and immune escape. However, the mechanisms underlying these cells formation remain incompletely understood. In this study, we reported that CRC cell-derived LC3-dependent extracellular vesicles (LDEVs)-mediated M-MDSCs formation via TLR2-MYD88 pathway. Furthermore Hsp60 was the LDEVs surface ligand that triggered these MDSCs induction. In clinical studies, we reported that accumulation of circulating M-MDSCs as well as IL-10 and arginase1 secretion were reliant upon the levels of tumor cell-derived LDEVs in CRC patients. These findings indicated how local tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles influence distal hematopoiesis and provided novel justification for therapeutic targeting of LDEVs in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoxian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiangsheng Wu
- Department of Assay Development, EOTOBio TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu 310006, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Dongchao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Sile Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hangbin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Hangzhou Hospital & Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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10
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Li M, Lu M, Li J, Gui Q, Xia Y, Lu C, Shu H. Classification of molecular subtypes for colorectal cancer and development of a prognostic model based on necroptosis-related genes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26781. [PMID: 38439879 PMCID: PMC10909728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis could regulate immunity in cancers, and stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes based on key genes related to necroptosis might be a novel strategy for CRC treatment. Method The RNA-sequencing data of CRC and other 31 types of cancers were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Consensus clustering was performed based on protein-coding genes (PCGs) related to necroptosis score calculated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Module genes showing a significant positive correlation with the necroptosis score were identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and further used to develop a risk stratification model applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analysis. The risks score for each sample in CRC cohorts, immunotherapy cohorts and pan-cancer study cohorts was calculated. Result Two subgroups (C1 cluster and C2 cluster) of CRC were identified based on the necroptosis score. Compared with C1 cluster, the survival possibility of C2 cluster was greatly reduced, the levels of necroptosis score, immune cell infiltration, immune score and expression of immune checkpoint molecules were significantly increased and immunotherapy response was less active. Low-risk patients defined by the risk model had a significant survival advantage than high-risk counterparts in both CRC and the other 31 cancer types. Furthermore, the risk model was also more efficient than the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) tool in predicting OS and immunotherapy response for the samples in the immunotherapy cohort. Conclusion CRC patients were classified by necroptosis score-related PCGs, and a risk model was designed to evaluate the immunotherapy and prognosis of patients with CRC. The current molecular subtype and prognostic model could help stratify patients with different risks and predict their prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Li
- Department of General Practice, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Health Service Center, Shangrao Municipal Health Commission, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Physical Examination Center, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Qingqing Gui
- Academic Department, HaploX Genomics Center, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Yibin Xia
- Academic Department, HaploX Genomics Center, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Academic Department, HaploX Genomics Center, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Hongchun Shu
- Digestive System Department, Shangrao People's Hospital, 334000, China
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11
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Jiang J, Lin C, Chang T, Lo L, Lin C, Lu R, Yang C. Decreased interleukin-17RA expression is associated with good prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and inhibits tumor growth and vascularity in mice. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7059. [PMID: 38491831 PMCID: PMC10943367 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in the promotion of tumorigenesis in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Based on current evidence, IL-17 binds to interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA); however, the role of IL-17RA has not been elucidated in previous studies on CRC. In this study, we explored the role of IL-17RA in human CRC tissues and the progression of CRC in humans and mice. METHODS The expressions of IL-17RA and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes were examined in CRC cells and tissue samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The role of IL-17RA in pathogenesis and prognosis was evaluated using a Chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analysis in 133 CRC patients. A tumor-bearing mice model was executed to evaluate the role of IL-17RA in tumor growth, vascularity and population of infiltrating immune cells. RESULTS IL-17RA expression was found to be significantly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of IL-17RA in Stage IV patients was significantly higher than that in Stages I and II patients. Patients with high IL-17RA expression exhibited significantly worse overall and CRC-specific survival than those with low IL-17RA expression. Functional assessment suggested that the knockdown of IL-17RA expression distinctly suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT-related gene expression. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, decreased IL-17RA expression significantly repressed tumor growth and vascularity and reduced the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). CONCLUSION Reduced IL-17RA expression also suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the expression of EMT genes. Knockdown of IL-17RA inhibited tumor growth and vascularity and decreased the population of Tregs and MDSCs in mouse tumors. Overall, IL-17RA expression was identified to be independently associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng‐Kai Jiang
- School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of SurgeryTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and ImmunologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science and TechnologyNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Cancer Progression Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ting‐An Chang
- Department of Pathology, Ren‐Ai BranchTaipei City HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Chuan Lo
- National Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications, Cancer and Immunology Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Ping Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of SurgeryTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ruey‐Hwa Lu
- Department of Surgery, Zhongxing BranchTaipei City HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yung Yang
- Commission for General EducationNational United UniversityMiaoliTaiwan
- General Education CenterUniversity of TaipeiTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Education and ResearchTaipei City HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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12
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Chen L, Wang F, Zhang H, Cao B. Exploring potential causal associations between autoimmune diseases and colorectal cancer using bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1557. [PMID: 38238429 PMCID: PMC10796354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Several observational studies have revealed an association between autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC), although their causal association remained controversial. Therefore, our study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to verify the causal association between AIDs and CRC. We employed three common MR approaches, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, to assess the causal association between type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, celiac disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and CRC. The reverse MR analysis was performed to assess the possibility of reverse causation. To evaluate the validity of the analysis, we also performed sensitivity analysis, such as the heterogeneity test, the horizontal pleiotropy test, and the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, and validated the results in the validation cohort. Our results showed that genetically predicted T1D was nominally associated with a lower risk of CRC (IVW OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.939-0.992, P = 0.012). However, genetic susceptibility to psoriasis nominally increased the risk of CRC (IVW OR = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.002-1.050, P = 0.037). Genetically predicted PSC had a significant causal effect on the increasing risk of CRC (IVW OR = 1.038, 95% CI = 1.016-1.060, P = 5.85 × 10-4). Furthermore, the MR analysis between PSC and the CRC validation cohort indicated consistent results. We found no causal association between genetically predicted other five AIDs and CRC (P > 0.05). The results of reverse MR analysis showed that genetically predicted CRC had no causal effect on T1D, psoriasis, and PSC (P > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of the MR analysis were reliable. Our findings help to understand the causal association between AIDs and CRC, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baoshan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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13
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Sumagin R. Phenotypic and Functional Diversity of Neutrophils in Gut Inflammation and Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:2-12. [PMID: 37918801 PMCID: PMC10768535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)] execute important effector functions protecting the host against invading pathogens. However, their activity in tissue can exacerbate inflammation and inflammation-associated tissue injury and tumorigenesis. Until recently, PMNs were considered to be short-lived, terminally differentiated phagocytes. However, this view is rapidly changing with the emerging evidence of increased PMN lifespan in tissues, PMN plasticity, and phenotypic heterogeneity. Specialized PMN subsets have been identified in inflammation and in developing tumors, consistent with both beneficial and detrimental functions of PMNs in these conditions. Because PMN and tumor-associated neutrophil activity and the resulting beneficial/detrimental impacts primarily occur after homing to inflamed tissue/tumors, studying the underlying mechanisms of PMN/tumor-associated neutrophil trafficking is of high interest and clinical relevance. This review summarizes some of the key findings from over a decade of work from my laboratory and others on the regulation of PMN recruitment and identification of phenotypically and functionally diverse PMN subtypes as they pertain to gut inflammation and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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14
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Zhang Y, He S, Yu L, Shi C, Zhang Y, Tang S. Prognostic significance of HLA-G in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1024. [PMID: 37875821 PMCID: PMC10594707 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its prognostic value remains controversial. Hence, our meta-analysis aims to assess the prognostic value of HLA-G in CRC patients based on published literature and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on relevant studies retrieved from four electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded to be applied as effective values. Fixed-effects models or random-effects models were applied on the basis of the value of heterogeneity (I 2). Publication bias was analyzed by Begg's and Egger's tests. In addition, the results were validated by using TCGA datasets. RESULTS Thirteen studies comprising 3896 patients were incorporated into this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that HLA-G expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in both the univariate analysis (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.14-1.83, P = 0.002) and the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-1.95, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the expression of HLA-G is not related to age, sex, tumor type, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, or distant metastasis but lymph node metastasis. Notably, the prognosis of colorectal cancer was not consistent with the analysis result from TCGA data. CONCLUSION HLA-G expression was significantly related to poor OS in CRC according to the results of our meta-analysis. However, we found that the prognostic significance was inconsistent with our results according to the TCGA data in CRC. Hence, more research is still needed to further illustrate the prognostic role of HLA-G in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.
| | - Siying He
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanyue Zhang
- Department of clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shiyue Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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15
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Xie Q, Wang J, Peng X. Dysregulated Forkhead Box (FOX) Genes Association with Survival Prognosis, Anti-tumor Immunity, and Key Targeting Drugs in Colon Adenocarcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:510-528. [PMID: 38310407 PMCID: PMC10862056 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that the aberrant expressions of forkhead box (FOX) genes are associated with carcinogenesis. However, the crucial biological functions of the FOX gene in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain unknown. METHODS The TCGA-COAD dataset (n=328) was utilized for determining the deregulated FOX genes and their association with functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), survival prognosis, anti-tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biological processes in COAD. In addition, we used GSE166427 (GPL13667) as a validation cohort (n=196). Molecular docking studies were applied to perform the drug interactions. RESULTS The FOX genes are deregulated in the COAD (Log2 FC>0.50, P<0.05), and the PPI network of FOX members is substantially related to the enrichment of cancerous signaling, immune responses, and cellular development (FDR<0.05). A worse prognosis for overall survival in COAD individuals is connected with the subgroup of FOX transcripts (P≤0.05). FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 were identified as predictive variables in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression models (P≤0.05). FOXH1 and FOXS1 are substantially linked to the deregulated immunity in COAD (R>0.20, P<0.01). Furthermore, FOXS1 expression regulates cancer-associated pathways and biological processes (P<0.05). Moreover, FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 are genetically altered and showed diagnostic efficacy in COAD. We revealed that FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 are consistently deregulated in GSE166427 (P<0.05). Finally, molecular docking revealed that FOXH1 interacted with various drugs, including belinostat, entinostat, and panobinostat. CONCLUSION The FOX genes have a strong correlation with the poor prognosis for survival, tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biochemical processes that cause the pathogenesis of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- International Medical Center/Ward of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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16
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Chauvin C, Alvarez-Simon D, Radulovic K, Boulard O, Laine W, Delacre M, Waldschmitt N, Segura E, Kluza J, Chamaillard M, Poulin LF. NOD2 in monocytes negatively regulates macrophage development through TNFalpha. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181823. [PMID: 37415975 PMCID: PMC10320732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is believed that intestinal recruitment of monocytes from Crohn's Disease (CD) patients who carry NOD2 risk alleles may repeatedly give rise to recruitment of pathogenic macrophages. We investigated an alternative possibility that NOD2 may rather inhibit their differentiation from intravasating monocytes. Design The monocyte fate decision was examined by using germ-free mice, mixed bone marrow chimeras and a culture system yielding macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs). Results We observed a decrease in the frequency of mo-DCs in the colon of Nod2-deficient mice, despite a similar abundance of monocytes. This decrease was independent of the changes in the gut microbiota and dysbiosis caused by Nod2 deficiency. Similarly, the pool of mo-DCs was poorly reconstituted in a Nod2-deficient mixed bone marrow (BM) chimera. The use of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of NOD2 during monocyte-derived cell development, dominantly inhibits mTOR-mediated macrophage differentiation in a TNFα-dependent manner. These observations were supported by the identification of a TNFα-dependent response to muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is specifically lost when CD14-expressing blood cells bear a frameshift mutation in NOD2. Conclusion NOD2 negatively regulates a macrophage developmental program through a feed-forward loop that could be exploited for overcoming resistance to anti-TNF therapy in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chauvin
- U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo- Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Simon
- U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo- Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katarina Radulovic
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes CEDEX, France
| | | | - William Laine
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Delacre
- U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inserm, Centre Hospitalo- Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nadine Waldschmitt
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Elodie Segura
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jérome Kluza
- UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, Lille, France
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17
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Poveda C, Cabrera G. Editorial: The regulatory immune system as a target to improve adjuvants and novel vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1223689. [PMID: 37342243 PMCID: PMC10277800 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1223689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe Capital, Argentina
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18
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Waldner MJ, Neurath MF. TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37190048 PMCID: PMC10137236 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of the most important molecules involved is the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). TGFβ is released by various cells in the TME, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and it modulates cancer cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Mutations in components of the TGF pathway, including TGFβ receptor type 2 or SMAD4, are among the most frequently detected mutations in CRC and have been associated with the clinical course of disease. Within this review, we will discuss our current understanding about the role of TGFβ in the pathogenesis of CRC. This includes novel data on the molecular mechanisms of TGFβ signaling in TME, as well as possible strategies for CRC therapy targeting the TGFβ pathway, including potential combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J. Waldner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Shin AE, Giancotti FG, Rustgi AK. Metastatic colorectal cancer: mechanisms and emerging therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:222-236. [PMID: 36828759 PMCID: PMC10365888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a lethal disease with an approximately 14% 5-year survival rate. While early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) can be cured by surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, mCRC cannot be eradicated due to a large burden of disseminated cancer cells comprising therapy-resistant metastasis-competent cells. To address this gap, recent studies have focused on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal metastasis and recognizing the limitations of available therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss newfound factors that regulate CRC cell dissemination and colonization of distant organs, such as genetic mutations, identification of metastasis-initiating cells (MICs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). We also review current treatments for mCRC, therapeutic regimens undergoing clinical trials, and trending preclinical studies being investigated to target treatment-resistant mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Shin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Tang C, Sun H, Kadoki M, Han W, Ye X, Makusheva Y, Deng J, Feng B, Qiu D, Tan Y, Wang X, Guo Z, Huang C, Peng S, Chen M, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Trombetta S, Iwakura Y. Blocking Dectin-1 prevents colorectal tumorigenesis by suppressing prostaglandin E2 production in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhancing IL-22 binding protein expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1493. [PMID: 36932082 PMCID: PMC10023663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 (gene Clec7a), a receptor for β-glucans, plays important roles in the host defense against fungi and immune homeostasis of the intestine. Although this molecule is also suggested to be involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, the role in intestinal tumor development remains to be elucidated. In this study, we find that azoxymethane-dextran-sodium-sulfate-induced and ApcMin-induced intestinal tumorigenesis are suppressed in Clec7a-/- mice independently from commensal microbiota. Dectin-1 is preferentially expressed on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In the Clec7a-/- mouse colon, the proportion of MDSCs and MDSC-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels are reduced, while the expression of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP; gene Il22ra2) is upregulated. Dectin-1 signaling induces PGE2-synthesizing enzymes and PGE2 suppresses Il22ra2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Administration of short chain β-glucan laminarin, an antagonist of Dectin-1, suppresses the development of mouse colorectal tumors. Furthermore, in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the expression of CLEC7A is also observed in MDSCs and correlated with the death rate and tumor severity. Dectin-1 signaling upregulates PGE2-synthesizing enzyme expression and PGE2 suppresses IL22RA2 expression in human CRC-infiltrating cells. These observations indicate a role of the Dectin-1-PGE2-IL-22BP axis in regulating intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting Dectin-1 as a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
| | - Haiyang Sun
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kadoki
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Wei Han
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Xiaoqi Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yulia Makusheva
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Jianping Deng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ding Qiu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zehao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chanyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Sergio Trombetta
- Boehringer Ingelheim USA, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
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21
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Wang Q, Shen X, Chen G, Du J. How to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: From mechanisms to translation. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 36752642 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has shown advantages in cancer treatment and is a new hope for patients who have failed multiline therapy. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the benefit is limited to a small subset of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic CRC (mCRC). In addition, 45% to 60% of dMMR/MSI-H mCRC patients showed primary or acquired resistance to ICIs. This means that these patients may have potential unknown pathways mediating immune escape. Almost all mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) or microsatellite-stable (MSS) mCRC patients do not benefit from ICIs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ICIs and their current status in CRC. We then discuss the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to ICIs in CRC. Finally, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to ICIs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Wang
- Medical Department of General Surgery, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Medical Department of General Surgery, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The 7th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Du
- Medical Department of General Surgery, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The 7th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Che J, Yu S. Ecological niches for colorectal cancer stem cell survival and thrival. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135364. [PMID: 37124519 PMCID: PMC10134776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, colorectal cancer is still ranking top three cancer types severely threatening lives. According to cancer stem cell hypothesis, malignant colorectal lumps are cultivated by a set of abnormal epithelial cells with stem cell-like characteristics. These vicious stem cells are derived from intestinal epithelial stem cells or transformed by terminally differentiated epithelial cells when they accumulate an array of transforming genomic alterations. Colorectal cancer stem cells, whatever cell-of-origin, give rise to all morphologically and functionally heterogenous tumor daughter cells, conferring them with overwhelming resilience to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. On the other hand, colorectal cancer stem cells and their daughter cells continuously participate in constructing ecological niches for their survival and thrival by communicating with adjacent stromal cells and circulating immune guardians. In this review, we first provide an overview of the normal cell-of-origin populations contributing to colorectal cancer stem cell reservoirs and the niche architecture which cancer stem cells depend on at early stage. Then we survey recent advances on how these aberrant niches are fostered by cancer stem cells and their neighbors. We also discuss recent research on how niche microenvironment affects colorectal cancer stem cell behaviors such as plasticity, metabolism, escape of immune surveillance as well as resistance to clinical therapies, therefore endowing them with competitive advantages compared to their normal partners. In the end, we explore therapeutic strategies available to target malignant stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Che
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 9 Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, 9 Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, 9 Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyan Yu,
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23
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Spagnardi M, Paredes J, Zabaleta J, Garai J, Reyes T, Martello LA, Williams JL. IL-1β enhances cell viability and decreases 5-FU sensitivity in novel colon cancer cell lines derived from African American patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1010380. [PMID: 36531053 PMCID: PMC9754664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn the U.S., African Americans (AAs) present with the highest incidence and mortality rates for Colorectal Cancer (CRC). When compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients, AAs also have reduced response to the first line standard of care chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Previously, we observed differential gene expression between the two populations, suggesting that colon tumors from AA patients display a decreased antitumor immune response and an increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in inflammatory processes, such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Here, we investigate the role of IL-1β in modifying chemotherapeutic response and altering expression of proteins in novel AA and well-established CA colon cancer cell lines.MethodsRNA sequencing analysis was performed to detect expression of genes involved in inflammation in AA and CA colon cancer cells. The effects of IL-1β on 5-FU response was evaluated by assessing cell viability (MTS assay) and apoptosis (flow cytometry analysis) following treatment with 5-FU alone or in combination with the cytokine. Further, we used an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to inhibit IL-1β-induced effects on 5-FU sensitivity and NF-kB pathway activation.ResultsAA colon cancer cell lines present significant increase in expression of genes IL1R2 (373-fold change (FC), IRAK1 (3.24 FC), IKBKB, (5.33 FC) NF-KB IA (5.95 FC), MYD88, (3.72 FC), IRAK3 (161 FC), TRAF5 (4.1 FC). A significant decrease in the response to 5-FU treatment, as well as a significant increase in phosphorylation of IκBα and secretion of IL-8, was seen following IL-1β treatment, in both AA and CA cell lines. Finally, treatment with IL-1Ra was able to reverse the effects induced by IL-1β, by increasing the cells sensitivity to 5-FU. IL-1Ra also inhibited phosphorylation of IκBα and IL-8 secretion.ConclusionsOur results suggest a differential expression of inflammatory genes and proteins that might regulate the different response to IL-1β between AA and CA colon cancer cell lines. Our data also demonstrates that IL-1β is involved in modulating 5-FU response in both AA and CA colon cancer cell lines. Further investigation of these mechanisms might help elucidate the differences seen in incidence, mortality and response to therapy in AA colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Spagnardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Jenny Paredes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tiana Reyes
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, NY, United States
| | - Laura A. Martello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura A. Martello, ; Jennie L. Williams,
| | - Jennie L. Williams
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura A. Martello, ; Jennie L. Williams,
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24
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Xiao T, Sun M, Chang Y, Kang J, Zhao C, Zhu R, Chen H, Qiang Y. Butyrate impeded the conscription of MDSCs to reduce CAC formation by blocking the TLR2 signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Lim YJ, Koh J, Choi M, Kim S, Chie EK. Prognostic stratification based on the levels of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and PD-1/PD-L1 axis in locally advanced rectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018700. [PMID: 36387259 PMCID: PMC9641101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rectal cancer remains somewhat sanctuary to the contemporary immunotherapy, there is increasing knowledge on clinical implications of anti-tumor immunity. This study evaluated the prognostic relevance of two immune-inhibitory functions, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. METHODS Study cohort is comprised of 165 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by definitive resection. Using postsurgical tissue microarrays, the number of MDSCs, PD-1+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) ratio, and PD-L1 expression scores in stromal immune cells and tumor cells were assessed. RESULTS Positive correlation was observed between the PD-1+/CD8+ TIL ratio and number of MDSCs (P < 0.001). The greater the immune infiltrates, the higher the PD-L1 immune cell score (P < 0.001). MDSCHigh, PD-1+/CD8+ TILHigh, PD-L1 immune cell scoreLow, and PD-L1 tumor H-scoreHigh were associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001, P = 0.042, 0.047, and P < 0.001, respectively). To integrate the adverse effects of MDSCHigh, PD-1+/CD8+ TILHigh, and either PD-L1 immune cell scoreLow (set I) or tumor H-scoreHigh (set II), prognostic risks were stratified according to the number of factors: 0, 1, and 2-3 (P < 0.001 for I and II). On multivariate analyses, patients with multiple risk factors for set I and II had worse prognosis (P < 0.001; 2-3 vs. 0 for models I and II), and the two prognostic models had acceptable predictability. CONCLUSION In this study, integration of the prognostic impact of MDSCs and PD-1/PD-L1 stratified the long-term risks of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Thus, further exploration could be focused to the identified subset of patients carrying worse prognosis, where potential benefits could be derived by targeting the two components contributing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Kudo-Saito C, Boku N, Hirano H, Shoji H. Targeting myeloid villains in the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009701. [PMID: 36211375 PMCID: PMC9539086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical outcomes being extremely limited, blocking immune inhibitory checkpoint pathways has been in the spotlight as a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal cancer. However, a distinct strategy for the successful treatment is obviously needed in the clinical settings. Myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells, are the majority of cellular components in the human immune system, but have received relatively less attention for the practical implementation than T cells and NK cells in cancer therapy because of concentration of the interest in development of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody inhibitors (ICIs). Abnormality of myeloid cells must impact on the entire host, including immune responses, stromagenesis, and cancer cells, leading to refractory cancer. This implies that elimination and reprogramming of the tumor-supportive myeloid villains may be a breakthrough to efficiently induce potent anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of current situation of the IC-blocking therapy of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. Also, we highlight the possible oncoimmunological components involved in the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the ICI therapy, particularly focusing on myeloid cells, including unique subsets expressing IC molecules. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants may facilitate its practical implementation of targeting myeloid villains, and improve the clinical outcomes in the ICI therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chie Kudo-Saito,
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Oncology and General Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Al-Mterin MA, Elkord E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer: prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:497-510. [PMID: 36081407 PMCID: PMC9448663 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature myeloid cells, which are expanded in most cancer patients. MDSCs suppress host immune responses, leading to cancer growth and progression. Several studies demonstrated that there was a relationship between levels of MDSCs and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MDSCs are now being investigated for their role as possible therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. This review summarizes available studies that investigated MDSC expansion in CRC patients, as well as their role in CRC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and targeting. Based on the available studies, there is a possible relationship between high levels of MDSCs and CRC progression. Additionally, targeting MDSCs in CRC patients selectively represents a significant challenge for the development of targeted treatments. Targeting of MDSCs could be exploited in different ways including MDSC depletion, inhibition of MDSC function and recruitment, and enhancing MDSC differentiation. Overall, MDSCs could be exploited as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT Manchester, UK
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28
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Bhat AA, Nisar S, Singh M, Ashraf B, Masoodi T, Prasad CP, Sharma A, Maacha S, Karedath T, Hashem S, Yasin SB, Bagga P, Reddy R, Frennaux MP, Uddin S, Dhawan P, Haris M, Macha MA. Cytokine- and chemokine-induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:689-715. [PMID: 35791509 PMCID: PMC9395317 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant life-threatening cancer, with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death. Intestinal inflammation, a known CRC risk factor, nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, and secretory growth factors. The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties, drug resistance, invasion, and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs, promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth. A deeper understanding of the cytokine- and chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine- and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which drives immunosuppression, resistance to therapeutics, and metastasis during CRC progression. We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC. The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic ImagingCancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic ImagingCancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical OncologyDr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)New Delhi110029India
| | - Bazella Ashraf
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of KashmirGanderbalJammu & Kashmir191201India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic ImagingCancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
| | - Chandra P. Prasad
- Department of Medical OncologyDr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)New Delhi110029India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical OncologyDr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)New Delhi110029India
| | - Selma Maacha
- Division of Translational MedicineResearch BranchSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
| | | | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic ImagingCancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
| | - Syed Besina Yasin
- Department of PathologySher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarJammu & Kashmir190011India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN38105USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision MedicineDepartment of RadiologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research InstituteHamad Medical CorporationDoha3050Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic ImagingCancer Research DepartmentSidra MedicineDoha26999Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterQatar UniversityDoha2713Qatar
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson‐Crick Centre for Molecular MedicineIslamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJammu & Kashmir192122India
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Zhao W, Jin L, Chen P, Li D, Gao W, Dong G. Colorectal cancer immunotherapy-Recent progress and future directions. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215816. [PMID: 35810989 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has changed the treatment prospects of various solid tumors and has recently become the main treatment method for metastatic or recurrent solid tumors, including malignant melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has yielded satisfactory results in terms of safety and efficacy, and several immunotherapeutic agents, including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab, have been approved for the treatment of advanced CRC. The advent of other immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells or cancer vaccines, have also contributed to the development of immunotherapy for CRC. Here, we summarize the findings of recent clinical trials on the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC and briefly describe the mechanisms associated with tumor-intrinsic resistance to ICIs. We then discuss potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lujia Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Mutant RAS and the tumor microenvironment as dual therapeutic targets for advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102433. [PMID: 35905558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RAS genes are the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer. These mutations occur in roughly half of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). RAS mutant tumors are resistant to therapy with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, patients with RAS mutant CRC currently have few effective therapy options. RAS mutations lead to constitutively active RAS GTPases, involved in multiple downstream signaling pathways. These alterations are associated with a tumor microenvironment (TME) that drives immune evasion and disease progression by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on the available evidence in the literature explaining the potential effects of RAS mutations on the CRC microenvironment. Ongoing efforts to influence the TME by targeting mutant RAS and thereby sensitizing these tumors to immunotherapy will be discussed as well.
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Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer-Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126664. [PMID: 35743107 PMCID: PMC9224428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.
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Madecassic acid alleviates colitis-associated colorectal cancer by blocking the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the inhibition of IL-17 expression in γδT17 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115138. [PMID: 35700756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Madecassic acid (MA), a triterpene compound isolated from Centella Asiatica herbs, has previously been shown to attenuate colitis induced by DSS in mice. In the present study, we address whether and how MA ameliorates colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), which accounts for a considerable proportion of colorectal cancer. METHODS CAC was induced by AOM/DSS in mice, and MA was administered orally once a day. To identify the source cells of IL-17 and the target cells for MA reducing the expression of IL-17 in the colons of CAC mice, single-cell suspensions were prepared from the colons of CAC mice and analyzed by flow cytometry. An adoptive transfer experiment was performed to verify the importance of the decreasing γδT17 cell population in the anti-CAC effect of MA. RESULTS Oral administration of MA reduced the burden and incidence of tumors in the CAC mice. MA decreased the number of MDSCs in the colon tissues of CAC mice and ameliorated anti-tumor immune responses. MA could prevent the migration of MDSCs by inhibiting the activation of γδT17 cells and the expression of chemokines. The population of activated-γδT17 cells in the tumor microenvironment of CAC mice positively correlated with the number of MDSCs and tumors as well as tumor load. Moreover, the anti-CAC effect of MA was significantly counteracted by the adoptive transfer of γδT17 cells. CONCLUSIONS MA alleviates CAC by blocking the recruitment of MDSCs to increase the population of anti-tumor immune cells in tumor microenvironment via inhibition of the activation of γδT17 cells.
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Wang Y, Wang J, Zhu F, Wang H, Yi L, Huang K, Zhai Z. Elevated circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells associated with poor prognosis in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e616. [PMID: 35478441 PMCID: PMC9017625 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with the ability to suppress immune responses. MDSCs usually cluster in cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Although there have been some studies on MDSCs in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the correlation between the peripheral levels of MDSCs in patients with various subtypes of B cell NHL and clinical features and prognosis remains inconclusive. This study aimed at the issue. Methods 101 patients with B cell NHL and 15 age‐matched healthy controls were included in this study. Flow cytometric detection of monocytic‐MDSCs (M‐MDSCs) and granulocytic‐MDSCs (G‐MDSCs) was done. Results In this study, we found that counts of circulating M‐MDSCs and G‐MDSCs were significantly increased in different clinical statuses of B‐NHL patients compared to healthy controls. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of M‐MDSCs and G‐MDSCs was found among the diverse types of B‐NHL compared with healthy donors. Stratification studies indicated MDSCs expansion was closely associated with disease progression (tumor stage, LDH levels and B syndromes). Moreover, the overall survival time of patients with G‐MDSCs (%) ≥ 98.70% was shorter than patients with G‐MDSCs (%) < 98.70% in newly diagnosed B‐NHL subgroup, meanwhile, there was a significant difference in survival of patients with M‐MDSCs (%) ≥ 7.19% compared to patients with M‐MDSCs (%) < 7.19% in relapsed B‐NHL subgroup. Conclusion Our results suggested that M‐MDSCs and G‐MDSCs may be a potential and efficient index to evaluate the prognosis of B‐NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liuying Yi
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen T, Wang Z, Zhong J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang D, Xu X, Zhong X, Wang J, Li H. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside induces pyroptosis by activating caspase-1 to cleave GSDMD in colorectal cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1152-1166. [PMID: 35472101 PMCID: PMC9543314 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main component of lignans with various biological activities, including anticancer activity. However, whether SDG has obvious anticancer effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has received increasing attention in cancer‐related research. In this study, we aimed to test the anticancer properties and relatecd functional mechanisms of SDG. we found that SDG not only inhibited the cell viability of HCT116 cells, but also induced HCT116 cells to swell with apparent large bubbles, which are typical signs of pyroptosis. Furthermore, SDG induced cell pyroptosis by enhancing cleavage of the N‐terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD) in CRC cells, accompanied by increased caspase‐1 cleavage. Consistent with this, SDG‐induced GSDMD‐N‐terminal fragment cleavage and pyroptosis were reduced by siRNA‐mediated silencing of caspase‐1 or treatment with the specific caspase‐1 inhibitor VX‐765 treatment, suggesting that active caspase‐1 further induces pyroptosis. A mechanistic study showed that SDG induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation and increases pyroptosis, while increasing GSDMD and caspase‐1 cleavage and enhancing expression of BCL2‐associated X (BAX), which could be rescued by the ROS scavenger (NAC), suggesting that SDG‐induced GSDME‐dependent pyroptosis is related to the ROS/PI3K/AKT/BAX‐mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In vivo results showed that SDG significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the HCT116‐CRC nude mouse model. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the anticancer activity of SDG in CRC is associated with the induction of GSDMD‐dependent pyroptosis by SDG through the generation of ROS/P13K/AKT/BAK‐mitochondrail apoptosis pathway, providing insights into SDG in its potential new application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbo Zhong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yanzhou Branch of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianfei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi'an Medical University School of Stomatolog, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Ma T, Renz BW, Ilmer M, Koch D, Yang Y, Werner J, Bazhin AV. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Solid Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020310. [PMID: 35053426 PMCID: PMC8774531 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main suppressive cell population of the immune system. They play a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the context of cancers or other pathological conditions, MDSCs can differentiate, expand, and migrate in large quantities during circulation, inhibiting the cytotoxic functions of T cells and NK cells. This process is regulated by ROS, iNOS/NO, arginase-1, and multiple soluble cytokines. The definition of MDSCs and their phenotypes in humans are not as well represented as in other organisms such as mice, owing to the absence of the cognate molecule. However, a comprehensive understanding of the differences between different species and subsets will be beneficial for clarifying the immunosuppressive properties and potential clinical values of these cells during tumor progression. Recently, experimental evidence and clinical investigations have demonstrated that MDSCs have a close relationship with poor prognosis and drug resistance, which is considered to be a leading marker for practical applications and therapeutic methods. In this review, we summarize the remarkable position of MDSCs in solid tumors, explain their classifications in different models, and introduce new treatment approaches to target MDSCs to better understand the advancement of new approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmiao Ma
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Bernhard W. Renz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Ilmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.M.); (B.W.R.); (M.I.); (D.K.); (J.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Czajka-Francuz P, Cisoń-Jurek S, Czajka A, Kozaczka M, Wojnar J, Chudek J, Francuz T. Systemic Interleukins' Profile in Early and Advanced Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:124. [PMID: 35008550 PMCID: PMC8745135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by mutual interactions of the tumor, stromal and immune cells. Early and advanced colorectal tumors differ in structure and present altered serum cytokine levels. Mutual crosstalk among TME infiltrating cells may shift the balance into immune suppressive or pro-inflammatory, antitumor response this way influencing patients' prognosis. Cancer-related inflammation affects all the body and this way, the systemic level of cytokines could reflect TME processes. Despite numerous studies, it is still not known how systemic cytokines levels change during colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor development. Better understanding tumor microenvironment processes could help in planning therapeutic interventions and more accurate patient prognosis. To contribute to the comprehension of these processes within TME, we reviewed cytokines levels from clinical trials in early and advanced colorectal cancer. Presented data were analyzed in the context of experimental studies and studies analyzing tumor infiltration with immune cells. The review summarizes clinical data of cytokines secreted by tumor microenvironment cells: lymphocytes T helper 1 (Th1), lymphocytes T helper 2 (Th2), lymphocytes T helper 17 (Th17), regulatory T cells (Treg cells), regulatory T cells (Breg cells), M1/M2 macrophages, N1/N2 neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), dendritic cells (DC), innate lymphoid cells (ILC) natural killer (NK) cells and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Aleksander Czajka
- Department of General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kozaczka
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Public Research Institute in Gliwice, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.C.-J.); (J.W.); (J.C.); (T.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Chen K, Zeng Z, Ma C, Dang Y, Zhang H. Commentary on: Screening of immunosuppressive cells from colorectal adenocarcinoma and identification of prognostic markers. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211096. [PMID: 34850851 PMCID: PMC8685636 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one subtype of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), whose development is associated with genetics, inappropriate immune response, and environmental factors. Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of COAD, the mortality rate remains high. It is a pressing need to explore novel therapeutic targets of COAD. Available evidence indicated that immune cell infiltration was correlated with cancer prognosis. To reveal the roles of immune cells in the COAD prognosis, a study published in Bioscience Reports by Li et al. (Bioscience Reports (2021) 41, https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20203496) analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. It demonstrated a beneficial effect of Th17 cells in COAD prognosis. In addition, six hub genes (KRT23, ULBP2, ASRGL1, SERPINA1, SCIN, and SLC28A2) were identified to correlate with Th17 cells and COAD prognosis, suggesting one new therapy strategy and some predictive biomarkers of COAD. These findings reported by Li et al. may pave one way to explore the molecular mechanism of COAD further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang S, Tan Q, Hou Y, Dou H. Emerging Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:798320. [PMID: 34975496 PMCID: PMC8716856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia with or without insulin resistance. Its etiology is attributed to the combined action of genes, environment and immune cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is a heterogeneous population of immature cells with immunosuppressive ability. In recent years, different studies have debated the quantity, activity changes and roles of MDSC in the diabetic microenvironment. However, the emerging roles of MDSC have not been fully documented with regard to their interactions with diabetes. Here, the manifestations of MDSC and their subsets are reviewed with regard to the incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications. The possible drugs targeting MDSC are discussed with regard to their potential of treating diabetes. We believe that understanding MDSC will offer opportunities to explain pathological characteristics of different diabetes. MDSC also will be used for personalized immunotherapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Etwebi Z, Goldsmith JR, Bou-Dargham M, Tian Y, Hood R, Spitofsky N, Li M, Sun H, Lou Y, Liu S, Lengner C, Chen YH. TIPE2 Promotes Tumor Initiation But Inhibits Tumor Progression in Murine Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:764-774. [PMID: 34894222 PMCID: PMC9074867 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer in the United States, and inflammatory bowel disease patients have an increased risk of developing CRC due to chronic intestinal inflammation with it being the cause of death in 10% to 15% of inflammatory bowel disease patients. TIPE2 (TNF-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2) is a phospholipid transporter that is highly expressed in immune cells and is an important regulator of immune cell function. METHODS The azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium murine model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) was employed in Tipe2 -/- and wild-type mice, along with colonoid studies, to determine the role of TIPE2 in CAC. RESULTS Early on, loss of TIPE2 led to significantly less numbers of visible tumors, which was in line with its previously described role in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, as time went on, loss of TIPE2 promoted tumor progression, with larger tumors appearing in Tipe2 -/- mice. This was associated with increased interleukin-22/STAT3 phosphorylation signaling. Similar effects were also observed in primary colonoid cultures, together demonstrating that TIPE2 also directly regulated colonocytes in addition to immune cells. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that TIPE2 has dual effects in CAC. In the colonocytes, it works as a tumor suppressor. However, in the immune system, TIPE2 may promote tumorigenesis through suppressor cells or inhibit it through IL-22 secretion. Going forward, this work suggests that targeting TIPE2 for CRC therapy requires cell- and pathway-specific approaches and serves as a cautionary tale for immunotherapy approaches in general in terms of colon cancer, as intestinal inflammation can both promote and inhibit cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Etwebi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason R Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Address correspondence to: Jason Rosenbaum Goldsmith, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ()
| | - Mayassa Bou-Dargham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Hood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nina Spitofsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunwei Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Christopher Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAS Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Dang Y, Yu J, Zhao S, Jin L, Cao X, Wang Q. GOLM1 Drives Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Regulating Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:7158-7166. [PMID: 34729117 PMCID: PMC8558645 DOI: 10.7150/jca.61567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common digestive neoplasms worldwide, metastasis and recurrence still account for the leading cause for the high mortality rate, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. More and more evidence has indicated that the deregulation of GOLM1 plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Here, we reported a novel role of GOLM1 in promoting CRC metastasis. In this study, the expression of GOLM1 was detected in human CRC cohort. The function of GOLM1 in CRC metastasis was analyzed by in vivo cecum orthotopic model. We found that the expression of GOLM1 was significantly increased in CRC tissues than adjacent nontumor. Overexpression GOLM1 can promote CRC immune escape and metastasis by recruiting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) at the same time. PF-04136309, a small molecule and specific inhibitor of CCR2 can largely suppressed GOLM1-mediated CRC metastasis. These results suggest that GOLM1 can promote CRC metastasis and is a prognostic biomarker in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710086, China
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Dutta R, Khalil R, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Howell M, Bharadwaj S, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Combination Therapy of Mithramycin A and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706133. [PMID: 34381456 PMCID: PMC8350740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The axis of Programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) in escaping immune surveillance, and blocking this axis has been found to be effective in a subset of patients. Although blocking PD-L1 has been shown to be effective in 5-10% of patients, the majority of the cohorts show resistance to this checkpoint blockade (CB) therapy. Multiple factors assist in the growth of resistance to CB, among which T cell exhaustion and immunosuppressive effects of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role along with other tumor intrinsic factors. We have previously shown the polyketide antibiotic, Mithramycin-A (Mit-A), an effective agent in killing cancer stem cells (CSCs) in vitro and in vivo in a subcutaneous murine model. Since TME plays a pivotal role in CB therapy, we tested the immunomodulatory efficacy of Mit-A with anti-PD-L1 mAb (αPD-L1) combination therapy in an immunocompetent MC38 syngeneic orthotopic CRC mouse model. Tumors and spleens were analyzed by flow cytometry for the distinct immune cell populations affected by the treatment, in addition to RT-PCR for tumor samples. We demonstrated the combination treatment decreases tumor growth, thus increasing the effectiveness of the CB. Mit-A in the presence of αPD-L1 significantly increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and decreased immunosuppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages in the TME. Our results revealed Mit-A in combination with αPD-L1 has the potential for augmented CB therapy by turning an immunologically "cold" into "hot" TME in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Dutta
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Roukiah Khalil
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Green
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mark Howell
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Srinivas Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center for Research and Education in Nano-Bioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Mechanisms of Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies in Mismatch Repair Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112638. [PMID: 34072037 PMCID: PMC8199207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) is characterized by a mismatch repair deficiency that is frequently associated with microsatellite instability (MSI). The compromised DNA repair machinery leads to the accumulation of tumor neoantigens affecting the sensitivity of MSI metastatic CRC to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), both upfront and in later lines of treatment. However, up to 30% of MSI CRCs exhibit primary resistance to frontline immune based therapy, and an additional subset develops acquired resistance. Here, we first discuss the clinical and molecular features of MSI CRCs and then we review how the loss of antigenicity, immunogenicity, and a hostile tumor microenvironment could influence primary and acquired resistance to CPIs. Finally, we describe strategies to improve the outcome of MSI CRC patients upon CPI treatment. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) represent an effective therapeutic strategy for several different types of solid tumors and are remarkably effective in mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The prevalent view is that the elevated and dynamic neoantigen burden associated with the mutator phenotype of MMRd fosters enhanced immune surveillance of these cancers. In addition, recent findings suggest that MMRd tumors have increased cytosolic DNA, which triggers the cGAS STING pathway, leading to interferon-mediated immune response. Unfortunately, approximately 30% of MMRd CRC exhibit primary resistance to CPIs, while a substantial fraction of tumors acquires resistance after an initial benefit. Profiling of clinical samples and preclinical studies suggests that alterations in the Wnt and the JAK-STAT signaling pathways are associated with refractoriness to CPIs. Intriguingly, mutations in the antigen presentation machinery, such as loss of MHC or Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), are implicated in initial immune evasion but do not impair response to CPIs. In this review, we outline how understanding the mechanistic basis of immune evasion and CPI resistance in MMRd CRC provides the rationale for innovative strategies to increase the subset of patients benefiting from CPIs.
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Gallo G, Vescio G, De Paola G, Sammarco G. Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112295. [PMID: 34070480 PMCID: PMC8197564 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is an important factor affecting targeted cancer therapy. The TME has a dynamic composition including various cell types, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as extracellular factors that surround cancer cells and have functional and structural roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the TME can limit the efficacy of therapeutic agents through high interstitial pressure, fibrosis, and the degradation of the therapeutic agents by enzymatic activity. For this reason, the TME is a fertile ground for the discovery of new drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the TME composition based on strategies for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppina Vescio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Gilda De Paola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Fouad MA, Salem SE, Osman AS, Badr DM, Hussein MM, Zekri AN, Hafez HF, Kamel MM, Shouman SA. Fluoropyrimdine therapy induced alterations in interleukins expression in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211008332. [PMID: 33832346 PMCID: PMC8040557 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211008332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the changes in the expression of inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1β during the treatment period of Fluoropyrimidine (FP) based therapy. RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 102 CRC patients before treatment with FP therapy, and from 48 and 32 patients after 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. The genetic transcription of IL-6 and IL-1β was determined by real time PCR. Patients were stratified according to their levels of IL-6 and IL-1β genes expression for subgroup and survival analyses. Baseline CRC patients showed overexpression of IL-6 and IL-1β compared to healthy control. FP therapy significantly induced IL-6 and IL-1β expression. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with right colon tumors had significant elevation in both IL-6 and IL-1β with FP therapy. FP therapy significantly induced IL-1β expression in patients ⩽45 years, smokers, with high baseline level of CA19.9, right colon tumors, low grade pathology, T3 tumors and positive lymph nodes. Survival analysis showed that baseline levels of interleukins expression had insignificant effect on overall survival and event free survival. FP therapy has an impact on the level of interleukins expression declared in certain clinicopathological subgroups of CRC patients, but without a prognostic significance on patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salem E Salem
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf S Osman
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Badr
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Hussein
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Siemińska I, Poljańska E, Baran J. Granulocytes and Cells of Granulocyte Origin-The Relevant Players in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073801. [PMID: 33917620 PMCID: PMC8038777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancy and cause of cancer death worldwide, and it still remains a therapeutic challenge for western medicine. There is strong evidence that, in addition to genetic predispositions, environmental factors have also a substantial impact in CRC development. The risk of CRC is attributed, among others to dietary habits, alcohol consumption, whereas physical activity, food containing dietary fiber, dairy products, and calcium supplements have a protective effect. Despite progress in the available therapies, surgery remains a basic treatment option for CRC. Implementation of additional methods of treatment such as chemo- and/or targeted immunotherapy, improved survival rates, however, the results are still far from satisfactory. One of the reasons may be the lack of deeper understanding of the interactions between the tumor and different types of cells, including tumor infiltrating granulocytes. While the role of neutrophils is quite well explored in many cancers, role of eosinophils and basophils is often underestimated. As part of this review, we focused on the function of different granulocyte subsets in CRC, emphasizing the beneficial role of eosinophils and basophils, as well as dichotomic mode of neutrophils action. In addition, we addressed the current knowledge on cells of granulocyte origin, specifically granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (Gr-MDSCs) and their role in development and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siemińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Poljańska
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Kasprzak A. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment Cells in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041565. [PMID: 33557173 PMCID: PMC7913937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome in patients with advanced cancer characterized by weight loss via skeletal-muscle and adipose-tissue atrophy, catabolic activity, and systemic inflammation. CC is correlated with functional impairment, reduced therapeutic responsiveness, and poor prognosis, and is a major cause of death in cancer patients. In colorectal cancer (CRC), cachexia affects around 50–61% of patients, but remains overlooked, understudied, and uncured. The mechanisms driving CC are not fully understood but are related, at least in part, to the local and systemic immune response to the tumor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a significant role of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts) in both cancer progression and tumor-induced cachexia, through the production of multiple procachectic factors. The most important role in CRC-associated cachexia is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), originally known as cachectin, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and certain chemokines (e.g., IL-8). Heterogeneous CRC cells themselves also produce numerous cytokines (including chemokines), as well as novel factors called “cachexokines”. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of TME cellular components in CRC-associated cachexia, as well as discusses the potential role of selected mediators secreted by colorectal cancer cells in cooperation with tumor-associated immune and non-immune cells of tumor microenvironment in inducing or potentiating cancer cachexia. This knowledge serves to aid the understanding of the mechanisms of this process, as well as prevent its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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Shang J, Zha H, Sun Y. Phenotypes, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Regulatory B Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582657. [PMID: 33193391 PMCID: PMC7649814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In immune system, B cells are classically positive modulators that regulate inflammation and immune responses. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells which play crucial roles in various conditions, including infection, allergies, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and tumors. Until now, unequivocal surface markers for Bregs still lack consensus, although numerous Breg subsets have been identified. Generally, Bregs exert their immunoregulatory functions mainly through cytokine secretion and intercellular contact. In the tumor microenvironment, Bregs suppress effector T cells, induce regulatory T cells and target other tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, to hamper anti-tumor immunity. Meanwhile, the cross-regulations between Bregs and tumor cells often result in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that Bregs are closely associated with many clinicopathological factors of cancer patients and might be potential biomarkers for accessing patient survival. Thus, Bregs are potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy in cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the phenotypes, functions, and clinical relevance of Bregs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Health Service, Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Central Military Commission of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zha
- Department of Oncology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Sun
- Department of Health Service, Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Central Military Commission of PLA, Beijing, China
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