1
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Naaz A, Turnquist HR, Gorantla VS, Little SR. Drug delivery strategies for local immunomodulation in transplantation: Bridging the translational gap. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 213:115429. [PMID: 39142608 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Drug delivery strategies for local immunomodulation hold tremendous promise compared to current clinical gold-standard systemic immunosuppression as they could improve the benefit to risk ratio of life-saving or life-enhancing transplants. Such strategies have facilitated prolonged graft survival in animal models at lower drug doses while minimizing off-target effects. Despite the promising outcomes in preclinical animal studies, progression of these strategies to clinical trials has faced challenges. A comprehensive understanding of the translational barriers is a critical first step towards clinical validation of effective immunomodulatory drug delivery protocols proven for safety and tolerability in pre-clinical animal models. This review overviews the current state-of-the-art in local immunomodulatory strategies for transplantation and outlines the key challenges hindering their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Naaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States.
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States; Departments of Surgery, Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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2
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Owen MC, Kopecky BJ. Targeting Macrophages in Organ Transplantation: A Step Toward Personalized Medicine. Transplantation 2024; 108:2045-2056. [PMID: 38467591 PMCID: PMC11390981 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ transplantation remains the most optimal strategy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, prevailing methods of immunosuppression are marred by adverse side effects, and allograft rejection remains common. It is imperative to identify and comprehensively characterize the cell types involved in allograft rejection, and develop therapies with greater specificity. There is increasing recognition that processes mediating allograft rejection are the result of interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages are heterogeneous innate immune cells with diverse functions that contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, and chronic rejection. Macrophages are inflammatory cells capable of innate allorecognition that strengthen their responses to secondary exposures over time via "trained immunity." However, macrophages also adopt immunoregulatory phenotypes and may promote allograft tolerance. In this review, we discuss the roles of macrophages in rejection and tolerance, and detail how macrophage plasticity and polarization influence transplantation outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of macrophages in transplant will guide future personalized approaches to therapies aimed at facilitating tolerance or mitigating the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macee C Owen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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3
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Jacobs MME, Maas RJF, Jonkman I, Negishi Y, Tielemans Zamora W, Yanginlar C, van Heck J, Matzaraki V, Martens JHA, Baltissen M, Vermeulen M, Morla-Folch J, Ranzenigo A, Wang W, Umali M, Ochando J, van der Vlag J, Hilbrands LB, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Mulder WJM, van Leent MMT, Mhlanga MM, Teunissen AJP, Rother N, Duivenvoorden R. Trained immunity is regulated by T cell-induced CD40-TRAF6 signaling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114664. [PMID: 39178113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is characterized by histone modifications and metabolic changes in innate immune cells following exposure to inflammatory signals, leading to heightened responsiveness to secondary stimuli. Although our understanding of the molecular regulation of trained immunity has increased, the role of adaptive immune cells herein remains largely unknown. Here, we show that T cells modulate trained immunity via cluster of differentiation 40-tissue necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (CD40-TRAF6) signaling. CD40-TRAF6 inhibition modulates functional, transcriptomic, and metabolic reprogramming and modifies histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation associated with trained immunity. Besides in vitro studies, we reveal that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximity of CD40 are linked to trained immunity responses in vivo and that combining CD40-TRAF6 inhibition with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig)-mediated co-stimulatory blockade induces long-term graft acceptance in a murine heart transplantation model. Combined, our results reveal that trained immunity is modulated by CD40-TRAF6 signaling between myeloid and adaptive immune cells and that this can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike M E Jacobs
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne J F Maas
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Jonkman
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yutaka Negishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Tielemans Zamora
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia van Heck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Baltissen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Morla-Folch
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Ranzenigo
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Wang
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Umali
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Steggerda JA, Heeger PS. The Promise of Complement Therapeutics in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:1882-1894. [PMID: 38361233 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation is the ideal therapy for end-stage organ failure, but outcomes for all transplant organs are suboptimal, underscoring the need to develop novel approaches to improve graft survival and function. The complement system, traditionally considered a component of innate immunity, is now known to broadly control inflammation and crucially contribute to induction and function of adaptive T-cell and B-cell immune responses, including those induced by alloantigens. Interest of pharmaceutical industries in complement therapeutics for nontransplant indications and the understanding that the complement system contributes to solid organ transplantation injury through multiple mechanisms raise the possibility that targeting specific complement components could improve transplant outcomes and patient health. Here, we provide an overview of complement biology and review the roles and mechanisms through which the complement system is pathogenically linked to solid organ transplant injury. We then discuss how this knowledge has been translated into novel therapeutic strategies to improve organ transplant outcomes and identify areas for future investigation. Although the clinical application of complement-targeted therapies in transplantation remains in its infancy, the increasing availability of new agents in this arena provides a rich environment for potentially transformative translational transplant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Steggerda
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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5
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Guinn MT, Fernandez R, Lau S, Loor G. Transcriptomic Signatures in Lung Allografts and Their Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1793. [PMID: 39200257 PMCID: PMC11351513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a well-established method of lung preservation in clinical transplantation. Transcriptomic analyses of cells and tissues uncover gene expression patterns which reveal granular molecular pathways and cellular programs under various conditions. Coupling EVLP and transcriptomics may provide insights into lung allograft physiology at a molecular level with the potential to develop targeted therapies to enhance or repair the donor lung. This review examines the current landscape of transcriptional analysis of lung allografts in the context of state-of-the-art therapeutics that have been developed to optimize lung allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tyler Guinn
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.T.G.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ramiro Fernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.T.G.)
| | - Sean Lau
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gabriel Loor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.T.G.)
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6
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Shao X. Roles of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in post-renal transplant antibody-mediated rejection. Transpl Immunol 2024; 85:102076. [PMID: 38955248 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the roles of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in post-renal transplant antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). METHODS A total of 102 recipients who underwent renal allotransplant from January 2020 to February 2023 were divided into an immune tolerance group (n = 56) and a rejection group (n = 46). The transplant renal biopsy specimens were harvested by ultrasound-guided puncture. The M1 and M2 macrophages in renal tissues were counted, and the M1/M2 ratio was calculated. The numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratios in patients with different severities of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) and different degrees of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were compared. The predictive values of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for post-renal transplant AMR were clarified. RESULTS The rejection group had significantly more M1 and M2 macrophages and higher M1/M2 ratio than those of the immune tolerance group (P < 0.05). In the rejection group, infiltrating macrophages were mainly distributed in the glomerular and interstitial capillaries, with M1 macrophages being the predominant type. With increasing severity of IF/TA, the numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio rose in patients with post-renal transplant AMR (P < 0.05). The numbers and ratio had significant positive correlations with the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (P < 0.05). The areas under the curves (AUCs) of numbers and M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for predicting post-renal transplant AMR were 0.856, 0.839 and 0.887, respectively. The combined detection had AUC of 0.911 (95% CI: 0.802-0.986), sensitivity of 90.43% and specificity of 83.42%. CONCLUSIONS Significant macrophage infiltration is present in the case of post-renal transplant AMR, and closely related to the severity of IF/TA and the degree of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shao
- The Second People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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7
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Lu X, Xu Z, Shu F, Wang Y, Han Y, Yang X, Shi P, Fan C, Wang L, Yu F, Sun Q, Cheng F, Chen H. Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Multifunctional Fusion Extracellular Nanovesicles: Prospective Treatments for Acute Heart Transplant Rejection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406758. [PMID: 38949397 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Heart transplantation offers life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure; however, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and subsequent immune responses remain significant challenges. Current therapies primarily target adaptive immunity, with limited options available for addressing IRI and innate immune activation. Although plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles show promise in managing diseases, their application in organ transplantation complications is unexplored. Here, this work develops a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive multifunctional fusion extracellular nanovesicles carrying rapamycin (FNVs@RAPA) to address early IRI and Ly6C+Ly6G- inflammatory macrophage-mediated rejection in heart transplantation. The FNVs comprise Exocarpium Citri grandis-derived extracellular nanovesicles with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and mesenchymal stem cell membrane-derived nanovesicles expressing calreticulin with macrophage-targeting ability. A novel ROS-responsive bio-orthogonal chemistry approach facilitates the active targeting delivery of FNVs@RAPA to the heart graft site, effectively alleviating IRI and promoting the polarization of Ly6C+Ly6G- inflammatory macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Hence, FNVs@RAPA represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating early transplantation complications and immune rejection. The fusion-targeted delivery strategy offers superior heart graft site enrichment and macrophage-specific targeting, promising improved transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhanxue Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fan Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuhang Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Peilin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chuanqiang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Linglu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qipeng Sun
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Nasic S, Mölne J, Eriksson M, Stegmayr B, Afghahi H, Peters B. Changes in Numbers of Glomerular Macrophages Between Two Consecutive Biopsies and the Association With Renal Transplant Graft Survival. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15384. [PMID: 38967592 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are involved in kidney transplants. The aim of the study was to investigate if changes exist in the levels of glomerular macrophage index (GMI) between two consecutive kidney transplant biopsies, and if so to determine their potential impact on graft survival. METHODS Two consecutive biopsies were performed on the same renal graft in 623 patients. GMI was categorized into three GMI classes: ≤1.8 Low, 1.9-4.5 Medium, and ≥4.6 High. This division yielded nine possible switches between the first and second biopsies (Low-Low, Low-Medium, etc.). Cox-regressions were used and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented. RESULTS The worst graft survival was observed in the High-High group, and the best graft survival was observed in the Low-Low and High-Low groups. Compared to the High-High group, a reduction of risk was observed in nearly all other decreasing groups (reductions between 65% and 80% of graft loss). After adjustment for covariates, the risk for graft-loss was lower in the Low-Low (HR = 0.24, CI 0.13-0.46), Low-Medium (HR = 0.25, CI 0.11-0.55), Medium-Low (HR = 0.29, CI 0.11-0.77), and the High-Low GMI (HR = 0.31, CI 0.10-0.98) groups compared to the High-High group as the reference. CONCLUSIONS GMI may change dynamically, and the latest finding is of most prognostic importance. GMI should be considered in all evaluations of biopsy findings since high or increasing GMI levels are associated with shorter graft survival. Future studies need to consider therapeutic strategies to lower or maintain a low GMI. A high GMI besides a vague histological finding should be considered as a warning sign requiring more frequent clinical follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmir Nasic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research, Education, Development and Innovation Department, Skaraborg Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Eriksson
- Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernd Stegmayr
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henri Afghahi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Skaraborg Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Björn Peters
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Skaraborg Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Skövde, Sweden
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9
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Hirai T, Kondo A, Shimizu T, Fukuda H, Tokita D, Takagi T, Mayer AT, Ishida H. Unveiling Spatial Immune Cell Profile in Kidney Allograft Rejections Using 36-plex Immunofluorescence Imaging. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00800. [PMID: 38913785 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney allograft rejections are orchestrated by a variety of immune cells. Because of the complex histopathologic features, accurate pathological diagnosis poses challenges even for expert pathologists. The objective of this study was to unveil novel spatial indices associated with transplant rejection by using a spatial bioinformatic approach using 36-plex immunofluorescence image data. METHODS The image obtained from 11 T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and 12 antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) samples were segmented into 753 737 single cells using DeepCell's Mesmer algorithm. These cells were categorized into 13 distinct cell types through unsupervised clustering based on their biomarker expression profiles. Cell neighborhood analysis allowed us to stratify kidney tissue into 8 distinct neighborhood components consisting of unique cell type enrichment profiles. RESULTS In contrast to TCMR samples, AMR samples exhibited a higher frequency of neighborhood components that were characterized by an enrichment of CD31+ endothelial cells. Although the overall frequency of CD68+ macrophages in AMR samples was not significantly high, CD68+ macrophages within endothelial cell-rich lesions exhibited a significantly higher frequency in AMR samples than TCMR samples. Furthermore, the frequency of interactions between CD31+ cells and CD68+ cells was significantly increased in AMR samples, implying the pivotal role of macrophages in AMR pathogenesis. Importantly, patients demonstrating a high frequency of CD31:CD68 interactions experienced significantly poorer outcomes in terms of chronic AMR progression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data indicate the potential of spatial bioinformatic as a valuable tool for aiding in pathological diagnosis and for uncovering new insights into the mechanisms underlying transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Hirai
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomokazu Shimizu
- Division of Organ Transplant Management, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokita
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Takagi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Ishida
- Division of Organ Transplant Management, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Zhang J, Pei J, Yu C, Luo J, Hong Y, Hua Y, Wei G. CCR7 and CD48 as Predicted Targets in Acute Rejection Related to M1 Macrophage after Pediatric Kidney Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:6908968. [PMID: 38957433 PMCID: PMC11217580 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6908968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease. Although long and short-term survival rates for the graft have improved significantly with the development of immunosuppressants, acute rejection (AR) remains a major risk factor attacking the graft and patients. The innate immune response plays an important role in rejection. Therefore, our objective is to determine the biomarkers of congenital immunity associated with AR after KT and provide support for future research. Materials and Methods A differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis was performed based on the dataset GSE174020 from the NCBI gene Expression Synthesis Database (GEO) and then combined with the GSE5099 M1 macrophage-related gene identified in the Molecular Signatures Database. We then identified genes in DEGs associated with M1 macrophages defined as DEM1Gs and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Cibersort was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration during AR. At the same time, we used the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software to determine the key genes. Dataset, GSE14328 derived from pediatric patients, GSE138043 and GSE9493 derived from adult patients, were used to verify Hub genes. Additional verification was the rat KT model, which was used to perform HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western Blot. Hub genes were searched in the HPA database to confirm their expression. Finally, we construct the interaction network of transcription factor (TF)-Hub genes and miRNA-Hub genes. Results Compared to the normal group, 366 genes were upregulated, and 423 genes were downregulated in the AR group. Then, 106 genes related to M1 macrophages were found among these genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine binding, antigen binding, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activation of immune receptors and immune response, and activation of the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway. Two Hub genes, namely CCR7 and CD48, were identified by PPI and Cytoscape analysis. They have been verified in external validation sets, originated from both pediatric patients and adult patients, and animal experiments. In the HPA database, CCR7 and CD48 are mainly expressed in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and tissues where these immune cells are distributed. In addition to immunoinfiltration, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK cells, NKT cells, and monocytes increased significantly in the AR group, which was highly consistent with the results of Hub gene screening. Finally, we predicted that 19 TFs and 32 miRNAs might interact with the Hub gene. Conclusions Through a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, our findings may provide predictive and therapeutic targets for AR after KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjun Yu
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing, China
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11
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Saravanan PB, Kalivarathan J, McClintock K, Mohammed S, Burch E, Morecock C, Liu J, Khan A, Levy MF, Kanak MA. Inflammatory and hypoxic stress-induced islet exosomes released during isolation are associated with poor transplant outcomes in islet autotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:967-982. [PMID: 38364959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Islets experience enormous stress during the isolation process, leading to suboptimal endocrine function after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). Our investigation focused on inducing isolation stress in islets ex vivo, where proinflammatory cytokines and hypoxia prompted the release of stress exosomes (exoS) sized between 50 and 200 nm. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed 3 distinct subgroups of immunogenic proteins within these exoS: damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chaperones, and autoantigens. The involvement of endosomal-sorting complex required for transport proteins including ras-associated binding proteins7A, ras-associated binding protein GGTA, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 45, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 26B, and the tetraspanins CD9 and CD63, in exoS biogenesis was confirmed through immunoblotting. Next, we isolated similar exoS from the islet infusion bags of TPIAT recipients (N = 20). The exosomes from infusion bags exhibited higher DAMP (heat shock protein family A [Hsp70] member 1B and histone H2B) levels, particularly in the insulin-dependent TPIAT group. Additionally, elevated DAMP protein levels in islet infusion bag exosomes correlated with increased insulin requirements (P = .010) and higher hemoglobin A1c levels 1-year posttransplant. A deeper exploration into exoS functionality revealed their potential to activate monocytes via the toll-like receptor 3/7: DAMP axis. This stimulation resulted in the induction of inflammatory phenotypes marked by increased levels of CD68, CD80, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. This activation mechanism may impact the successful engraftment of transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathab Balaji Saravanan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Jagan Kalivarathan
- VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kaeden McClintock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Elijah Burch
- VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christiane Morecock
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Aamir Khan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Marlon F Levy
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mazhar A Kanak
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Hume-Lee Islet Cell Transplant Lab, VCU Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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12
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Ashraf MI, Mengwasser J, Reutzel-Selke A, Polenz D, Führer K, Lippert S, Tang P, Michaelis E, Catar R, Pratschke J, Witzel C, Sauer IM, Tullius SG, Kern B. Depletion of donor dendritic cells ameliorates immunogenicity of both skin and hind limb transplants. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395945. [PMID: 38799435 PMCID: PMC11116604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection remains a significant obstacle affecting successful outcomes of organ transplantation including vascularized composite tissue allografts (VCA). Donor antigen presenting cells (APCs), particularly dendritic cells (DCs), orchestrate early alloimmune responses by activating recipient effector T cells. Employing a targeted approach, we investigated the impact of donor-derived conventional DCs (cDCs) and APCs on the immunogenicity of skin and skin-containing VCA grafts, using mouse models of skin and hind limb transplantation. By post-transplantation day 6, skin grafts demonstrated severe rejections, characterized by predominance of recipient CD4 T cells. In contrast, hind limb grafts showed moderate rejection, primarily infiltrated by CD8 T cells. Notably, the skin component exhibited heightened immunogenicity when compared to the entire VCA, evidenced by increased frequencies of pan (CD11b-CD11c+), mature (CD11b-CD11c+MHCII+) and active (CD11b-CD11c+CD40+) DCs and cDC2 subset (CD11b+CD11c+ MHCII+) in the lymphoid tissues and the blood of skin transplant recipients. While donor depletion of cDC and APC reduced frequencies, maturation and activation of DCs in all analyzed tissues of skin transplant recipients, reduction in DC activities was only observed in the spleen of hind limb recipients. Donor cDC and APC depletion did not impact all lymphocyte compartments but significantly affected CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T in lymph nodes of skin recipients. Moreover, both donor APC and cDC depletion attenuated the Th17 immune response, evident by significantly reduced Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) cells in the spleen of skin recipients and reduced levels of IL-17E and lymphotoxin-α in the serum samples of both skin and hind limb recipients. In conclusion, our findings underscore the highly immunogenic nature of skin component in VCA. The depletion of donor APCs and cDCs mitigates the immunogenicity of skin grafts while exerting minimal impact on VCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Mengwasser
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Reutzel-Selke
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich Polenz
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Führer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Lippert
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward Michaelis
- Department of Pathology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Witzel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M. Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Einstein Berlin Institute of Health Visiting Fellow, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Barbetta A, Rocque B, Bangerth S, Street K, Weaver C, Chopra S, Kim J, Sher L, Gaudilliere B, Akbari O, Kohli R, Emamaullee J. Spatially resolved immune exhaustion within the alloreactive microenvironment predicts liver transplant rejection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8841. [PMID: 38608023 PMCID: PMC11014454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Allograft rejection is common following clinical organ transplantation, but defining specific immune subsets mediating alloimmunity has been elusive. Calcineurin inhibitor dose escalation, corticosteroids, and/or lymphocyte depleting antibodies have remained the primary options for treatment of clinical rejection episodes. Here, we developed a highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry panel to study the immune response in archival biopsies from 79 liver transplant (LT) recipients with either no rejection (NR), acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), or chronic rejection (CR). This approach generated a spatially resolved proteomic atlas of 461,816 cells (42 phenotypes) derived from 96 pathologist-selected regions of interest. Our analysis revealed that regulatory (HLADR+ Treg) and PD1+ T cell phenotypes (CD4+ and CD8+ subsets), combined with variations in M2 macrophage polarization, were a unique signature of active TCMR. These data provide insights into the alloimmune microenvironment in clinical LT, including identification of potential targets for focused immunotherapy during rejection episodes and suggestion of a substantial role for immune exhaustion in TCMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Barbetta
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Rocque
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Bangerth
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Street
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carly Weaver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet Kim
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Sher
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Cheung MD, Asiimwe R, Erman EN, Fucile CF, Liu S, Sun CW, Hanumanthu VS, Pal HC, Wright ED, Ghajar-Rahimi G, Epstein D, Orandi BJ, Kumar V, Anderson DJ, Greene ME, Bell M, Yates S, Moore KH, LaFontaine J, Killian JT, Baker G, Perry J, Khan Z, Reed R, Little SC, Rosenberg AF, George JF, Locke JE, Porrett PM. Spatiotemporal immune atlas of a clinical-grade gene-edited pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3140. [PMID: 38605083 PMCID: PMC11009229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pig-to-human xenotransplantation is rapidly approaching the clinical arena; however, it is unclear which immunomodulatory regimens will effectively control human immune responses to pig xenografts. Here, we transplant a gene-edited pig kidney into a brain-dead human recipient on pharmacologic immunosuppression and study the human immune response to the xenograft using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. Human immune cells are uncommon in the porcine kidney cortex early after xenotransplantation and consist of primarily myeloid cells. Both the porcine resident macrophages and human infiltrating macrophages express genes consistent with an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory phenotype. No significant infiltration of human B or T cells into the porcine kidney xenograft is detectable. Altogether, these findings provide proof of concept that conventional pharmacologic immunosuppression may be able to restrict infiltration of human immune cells into the xenograft early after compatible pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Cheung
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Asiimwe
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elise N Erman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harish C Pal
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emma D Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Epstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Babak J Orandi
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vineeta Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas J Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Morgan E Greene
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Markayla Bell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefani Yates
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyle H Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer LaFontaine
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John T Killian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gavin Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jackson Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zayd Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rhiannon Reed
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shawn C Little
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James F George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayme E Locke
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paige M Porrett
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Bera KD, Tabak J, Ploeg RJ. No Evidence of Progressive Proinflammatory Cytokine Storm in Brain-dead Organ Donors-A Time-course Analysis Using Clinical Samples. Transplantation 2024; 108:923-929. [PMID: 38192028 PMCID: PMC10962432 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation is a cost-effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. Organ donation after brain death is an important source of transplanted organs. Data are limited on the effects of brain injury or donor management on grafts. The consensus view has been that brain death creates a progressively proinflammatory environment. We aimed to investigate time-course changes across a range of cytokines in a donation after brain death cohort of donors who died of intracranial hemorrhage without any other systemic source of inflammation. METHODS A donor cohort was defined using the UK Quality in Organ Donation biobank. Serum levels of proteins involved in proinflammatory and brain injury pathways (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, complement C5a, neuron-specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were measured from admission to organ recovery. Moving median analysis was used to combine donor trajectories and delineate a time-course. RESULTS A cohort of 27 donors with brain death duration between 10 and 30 h was created, with 24 donors contributing to the time-course analysis. We observed no increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6 throughout the donor management period. Neuronal injury marker and complement C5a remain high from admission to organ recovery, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein rises around the confirmation of brain death. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of a progressive rise of proinflammatory mediators with prolonged duration of brain death, questioning the hypothesis of a progressively proinflammatory environment. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows us to study chronological changes and identify biomarkers or target pathways when logistical or ethical considerations limit sample availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D. Bera
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Transplant Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Tabak
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rutger J. Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Transplant Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Aiello S, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Solid Organ Transplantation: Harmful or Protective? JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1051-1061. [PMID: 38498808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Transplanted organs carry donor immune cells into the recipient, the majority of which are tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). The role they play in guiding the fate of the transplanted organ toward acceptance or rejection remains elusive. TRMs originate from both embryonic and bone marrow-derived precursors. Embryo-derived TRMs retain the embryonic capability to proliferate, so they are able to self-renew and, theoretically, persist for extended periods of time after transplantation. Bone marrow-derived TRMs do not proliferate and must constantly be replenished by adult circulating monocytes. Recent studies have aimed to clarify the different roles and interactions between donor TRMs, recipient monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MFs) after organ transplantation. This review aims to shed light on how MFs affect the fate of a transplanted organ by differentiating between the role of donor TRMs and that of MFs derived from graft infiltrating monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sistiana Aiello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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17
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Xu Z, Mao X, Lu X, Shi P, Ye J, Yang X, Fu Q, He C, Su D, Nie Y, Liu L, Wang C, Zhou B, Luo W, Cheng F, Chen H. Dual-Targeting Nanovesicles Carrying CSF1/CD47 Identified from Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Innate Immune Cells in Heart Transplant for Alleviating Acute Rejection. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302443. [PMID: 37962054 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Although immunosuppressive drugs for targeting T cells are the standard of care in acute transplantation rejection, the role of innate immune cells should not be ignored. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry are performed to reveal the dynamic changes of innate immune cells within the acute rejection time and find a significantly-increased presence of Ly6G- Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophages and decreased presence of neutrophils among all types of immune cells. Next, to further explore potential targets regulating Ly6G- Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophages, scRNA-seq is used to analyze the reciprocal signaling of both neutrophils and macrophages, along with the surface genes of macrophages. It is found that activating colony-stimulating factor 1/ colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1/CSF1R) andcluster of differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein α (CD47/SIRPα) signaling may serve as a strategy to relieve Ly6G- Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophage-mediated early graft rejection. To investigate this hypothesis, CSF1/CD47 dual-targeting nanovesicles (NVs) derived from IFN-γ-stimulated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( iPSC-MSCs )are designed and constructed. It is confirmed that CSF1/CD47 NVs synergistically induce the differentiation of Ly6G- Ly6C- M2 inhibitory macrophages by the CSF1/CSF1R pathway, and inhibit the phagocytosis of inflammatory macrophages and inflammatory response by the CD47/SIRPα pathway, ultimately relieving immune rejection. This study highlights the power of dual-targeting CSF1/CD47 NVs as an immunosuppressant against early innate immune responses with the potential for broad clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxue Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xiaofan Mao
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Peilin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jingping Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Centre for Stem Cell Clinical Research and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Chao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, NO. 81 North of Lingnan Avenue, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
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Zhao S, Hu Y, Yang B, Zhang L, Xu M, Jiang K, Liu Z, Wu M, Huang Y, Li P, Liang SJ, Sun X, Hide G, Lun ZR, Wu Z, Shen J. The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:75. [PMID: 38242872 PMCID: PMC10798984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The anti-foreign tissue (transplant rejection) response, mediated by the immune system, has been the biggest obstacle to successful organ transplantation. There are still many enigmas regarding this process and some aspects of the underlying mechanisms driving the immune response against foreign tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we found that a large number of neutrophils and macrophages were attached to the graft during skin transplantation. Furthermore, both types of cells could autonomously adhere to and damage neonatal rat cardiomyocyte mass (NRCM) in vitro. We have demonstrated that Complement C3 and the receptor CR3 participated in neutrophils/macrophages-mediated adhesion and damage this foreign tissue (NRCM or skin grafts). We have provided direct evidence that the damage to these tissues occurs by a process referred to as trogocytosis, a damage mode that has never previously been reported to directly destroy grafts. We further demonstrated that this process can be regulated by NFAT, in particular, NFATc3. This study not only enriches an understanding of host-donor interaction in transplant rejection, but also provides new avenues for exploring the development of novel immunosuppressive drugs which prevent rejection during transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunyi Hu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bicheng Yang
- The Andrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiyining Xu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefeng Jiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhun Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingrou Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Zhang P, Wu P, Khan UZ, Zhou Z, Sui X, Li C, Dong K, Liu Y, Qing L, Tang J. Exosomes derived from LPS-preconditioned bone marrow-derived MSC modulate macrophage plasticity to promote allograft survival via the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:332. [PMID: 37716974 PMCID: PMC10504750 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether exosomes from LPS pretreated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (LPS pre-MSCs) could prolong skin graft survival. METHODS The exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of MSCs pretreated with LPS. LPS pre-Exo and rapamycin were injected via the tail vein into C57BL/6 mice allografted with BALB/c skin; graft survival was observed and evaluated. The accumulation and polarization of macrophages were examined by immunohistochemistry. The differentiation of macrophages in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. For in vitro, an inflammatory model was established. Specifically, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated and cultured with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 3 h, and were further treated with LPS pre-Exo for 24 h or 48 h. The molecular signaling pathway responsible for modulating inflammation was examined by Western blotting. The expressions of downstream inflammatory cytokines were determined by Elisa, and the polarization of macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS LPS pre-Exo could better ablate inflammation compared to untreated MSC-derived exosomes (BM-Exo). These loaded factors inhibited the expressions of inflammatory factors via a negative feedback mechanism. In vivo, LPS pre-Exo significantly attenuated inflammatory infiltration, thus improving the survival of allogeneic skin graft. Flow cytometric analysis of BMDMs showed that LPS pre-Exo were involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization and immune homeostasis during inflammation. Further investigation revealed that the NF-κB/NLRP3/procaspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway played a key role in LPS pre-Exo-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization. Inhibiting NF-κB in BMDMs could abolish the LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways and the polarization of M1 macrophages while increasing the proportion of M2 cells. CONCLUSION LPS pre-Exo are able to switch the polarization of macrophages and enhance the resolution of inflammation. This type of exosomes provides an improved immunotherapeutic potential in prolonging graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiYao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Umar Zeb Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zekun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xinlei Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kangkang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangy Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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20
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Serafini E, Corti A, Gallo D, Chiastra C, Li XC, Casarin S. An agent-based model of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: toward a better understanding of chronic rejection dynamics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190409. [PMID: 37771577 PMCID: PMC10523786 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a coronary artery disease affecting 50% of heart transplant (HTx) recipients, and it is the major cause of graft loss. CAV is driven by the interplay of immunological and non-immunological factors, setting off a cascade of events promoting endothelial damage and vascular dysfunction. The etiology and evolution of tissue pathology are largely unknown, making disease management challenging. So far, in vivo models, mostly mouse-based, have been widely used to study CAV, but they are resource-consuming, pose many ethical issues, and allow limited investigation of time points and important biomechanical measurements. Recently, agent-based models (ABMs) proved to be valid computational tools for deciphering mechanobiological mechanisms driving vascular adaptation processes at the cell/tissue level, augmenting cost-effective in vivo lab-based experiments, at the same time guaranteeing richness in observation time points and low consumption of resources. We hypothesize that integrating ABMs with lab-based experiments can aid in vivo research by overcoming those limitations. Accordingly, this work proposes a bidimensional ABM of CAV in a mouse coronary artery cross-section, simulating the arterial wall response to two distinct stimuli: inflammation and hemodynamic disturbances, the latter considered in terms of low wall shear stress (WSS). These stimuli trigger i) inflammatory cell activation and ii) exacerbated vascular cell activities. Moreover, an extensive analysis was performed to investigate the ABM sensitivity to the driving parameters and inputs and gain insights into the ABM working mechanisms. The ABM was able to effectively replicate a 4-week CAV initiation and progression, characterized by lumen area decrease due to progressive intimal thickening in regions exposed to high inflammation and low WSS. Moreover, the parameter and input sensitivity analysis highlighted that the inflammatory-related events rather than the WSS predominantly drive CAV, corroborating the inflammatory nature of the vasculopathy. The proof-of-concept model proposed herein demonstrated its potential in deepening the pathology knowledge and supporting the in vivo analysis of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Serafini
- PolitoMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- LaSIE, UMR 7356 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
- Center for Precision Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Corti
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics (LaBS), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Gallo
- PolitoMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiastra
- PolitoMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stefano Casarin
- LaSIE, UMR 7356 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
- Center for Precision Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Strizova Z, Benesova I, Bartolini R, Novysedlak R, Cecrdlova E, Foley L, Striz I. M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps - myth or reality? Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1067-1093. [PMID: 37530555 PMCID: PMC10407193 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations adopt distinct activation states. M1 and M2 macrophages are two polarized forms of mononuclear phagocyte in vitro differentiation with distinct phenotypic patterns and functional properties, but in vivo, there is a wide range of different macrophage phenotypes in between depending on the microenvironment and natural signals they receive. In human infections, pathogens use different strategies to combat macrophages and these strategies include shaping the macrophage polarization towards one or another phenotype. Macrophages infiltrating the tumours can affect the patient's prognosis. M2 macrophages have been shown to promote tumour growth, while M1 macrophages provide both tumour-promoting and anti-tumour properties. In autoimmune diseases, both prolonged M1 activation, as well as altered M2 function can contribute to their onset and activity. In human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages expressing both M1 and M2 profiles have been detected as one of the potential factors affecting occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In allergic inflammation, T2 cytokines drive macrophage polarization towards M2 profiles, which promote airway inflammation and remodelling. M1 macrophages in transplantations seem to contribute to acute rejection, while M2 macrophages promote the fibrosis of the graft. The view of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages suppressing inflammation seems to be an oversimplification because these cells exploit very high level of plasticity and represent a large scale of different immunophenotypes with overlapping properties. In this respect, it would be more precise to describe macrophages as M1-like and M2-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Benesova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Rene Novysedlak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cecrdlova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lily Koumbas Foley
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, U.K
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Mak ML, Reid KT, Crome SQ. Protective and pathogenic functions of innate lymphoid cells in transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:23-39. [PMID: 37119279 PMCID: PMC10324558 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of lymphocytes with essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Along with other tissue-resident immune populations, distinct subsets of ILCs have important roles in either promoting or inhibiting immune tolerance in a variety of contexts, including cancer and autoimmunity. In solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, both donor and recipient-derived ILCs could contribute to immune tolerance or rejection, yet understanding of protective or pathogenic functions are only beginning to emerge. In addition to roles in directing or regulating immune responses, ILCs interface with parenchymal cells to support tissue homeostasis and even regeneration. Whether specific ILCs are tissue-protective or enhance ischemia reperfusion injury or fibrosis is of particular interest to the field of transplantation, beyond any roles in limiting or promoting allograft rejection or graft-versus host disease. Within this review, we discuss the current understanding of ILCs functions in promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair at homeostasis and in the context of transplantation and highlight where targeting or harnessing ILCs could have applications in novel transplant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Mak
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kyle T Reid
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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23
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Li X, Wu J, Zhu S, Wei Q, Wang L, Chen J. Intragraft immune cells: accomplices or antagonists of recipient-derived macrophages in allograft fibrosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:195. [PMID: 37395809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis caused by chronic allograft rejection is a major concern in the field of transplantation. Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition plays a critical role in chronic allograft fibrosis. Adaptive immune cells (such as B and CD4+ T cells) and innate immune cells (such as neutrophils and innate lymphoid cells) participate in the occurrence of recipient-derived macrophages transformed to myofibroblasts by secreting cytokines, which eventually leads to fibrosis of the transplanted organ. This review provides an update on the latest progress in understanding the plasticity of recipient-derived macrophages in chronic allograft rejection. We discuss here the immune mechanisms of allograft fibrosis and review the reaction of immune cells in allograft. The interactions between immune cells and the process of myofibroblast formulation are being considered for the potential therapeutic targets of chronic allograft fibrosis. Therefore, research on this topic seems to provide novel clues for developing strategies for preventing and treating allograft fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China.
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24
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Barbetta A, Rocque B, Bangerth S, Street K, Weaver C, Chopra S, Kim J, Sher L, Gaudilliere B, Akbari O, Kohli R, Emamaullee J. Spatially resolved immune exhaustion within the alloreactive microenvironment predicts liver transplant rejection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044385. [PMID: 37461437 PMCID: PMC10350170 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044385/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection is a frequent complication following solid organ transplantation, but defining specific immune subsets mediating alloimmunity has been elusive due to the scarcity of tissue in clinical biopsy specimens. Single cell techniques have emerged as valuable tools for studying mechanisms of disease in complex tissue microenvironments. Here, we developed a highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry panel, single cell analysis pipeline, and semi-supervised immune cell clustering algorithm to study archival biopsy specimens from 79 liver transplant (LT) recipients with histopathological diagnoses of either no rejection (NR), acute T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR), or chronic rejection (CR). This approach generated a spatially resolved proteomic atlas of 461,816 cells derived from 98 pathologist-selected regions of interest relevant to clinical diagnosis of rejection. We identified 41 distinct cell populations (32 immune and 9 parenchymal cell phenotypes) that defined key elements of the alloimmune microenvironment (AME), identified significant cell-cell interactions, and established higher order cellular neighborhoods. Our analysis revealed that both regulatory (HLA-DR+ Treg) and exhausted T-cell phenotypes (PD1+CD4+ and PD1+CD8+ T-cells), combined with variations in M2 macrophage polarization, were a unique signature of TCMR. TCMR was further characterized by alterations in cell-to-cell interactions among both exhausted immune subsets and inflammatory populations, with expansion of a CD8 enriched cellular neighborhood comprised of Treg, exhausted T-cell subsets, proliferating CD8+ T-cells, and cytotoxic T-cells. These data enabled creation of a predictive model of clinical outcomes using a subset of cell types to differentiate TCMR from NR (AUC = 0.96 ± 0.04) and TCMR from CR (AUC = 0.96 ± 0.06) with high sensitivity and specificity. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insights into the AME in clinical LT, including a substantial role for immune exhaustion in TCMR with identification of novel targets for more focused immunotherapy in allograft rejection. Our study also offers a conceptual framework for applying spatial proteomics to study immunological diseases in archival clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda Sher
- University of Southern California Keck School of Mdicine
| | | | - Omid Akbari
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine
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25
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Gokaltun AA, Fan L, Mazzaferro L, Byrne D, Yarmush ML, Dai T, Asatekin A, Usta OB. Supramolecular hybrid hydrogels as rapidly on-demand dissoluble, self-healing, and biocompatible burn dressings. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:415-429. [PMID: 37056249 PMCID: PMC10087110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of efforts, state-of-the-art synthetic burn dressings to treat partial-thickness burns are still far from ideal. Current dressings adhere to the wound and necessitate debridement. This work describes the first "supramolecular hybrid hydrogel (SHH)" burn dressing that is biocompatible, self-healable, and on-demand dissoluble for easy and trauma-free removal, prepared by a simple, fast, and scalable method. These SHHs leverage the interactions of a custom-designed cationic copolymer via host-guest chemistry with cucurbit[7]uril and electrostatic interactions with clay nanosheets coated with an anionic polymer to achieve enhanced mechanical properties and fast on-demand dissolution. The SHHs show high mechanical strength (>50 kPa), self-heal rapidly in ∼1 min, and dissolve quickly (4-6 min) using an amantadine hydrochloride (AH) solution that breaks the supramolecular interactions in the SHHs. Neither the SHHs nor the AH solution has any adverse effects on human dermal fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. The SHHs also do not elicit any significant cytokine response in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo murine experiments show no immune or inflammatory cell infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue and no change in circulatory cytokines compared to sham controls. Thus, these SHHs present excellent burn dressing candidates to reduce the time of pain and time associated with dressing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02474, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Letao Fan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Luca Mazzaferro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02474, USA
| | - Delaney Byrne
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02474, USA
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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26
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Han L, Zhang L. CCL21/CCR7 axis as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110431. [PMID: 37331295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is a G protein-coupled receptor containing 7 transmembrane domains that is expressed on various cells, such as naive T/B cells, central memory T cells, regulatory T cells, immature/mature dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells, and a minority of tumor cells. Chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) is the known high-affinity ligand that binds to CCR7 and drives cell migration in tissues. CCL21 is mainly produced by stromal cells and lymphatic endothelial cells, and its expression is significantly increased under inflammatory conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown a strong association between CCL21/CCR7 axis and disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, ankylosing spondylitis, and asthma. Disrupting CCL21/CCR7 interaction with antibodies or inhibitors prevents the migration of CCR7-expressing immune and non-immune cells at the site of inflammation and reduces disease severity. This review emphasizes the importance of the CCL21 /CCR7 axis in autoimmune diseases and evaluates its potential as a novel therapeutic target for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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27
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Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Xu H, Xiao GG, Rao L, Duo Y. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:207. [PMID: 37211559 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 301.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers. Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings, which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and, therefore, must be precisely regulated. Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered. In addition, the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology. Moreover, they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Herein, we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling, mechanical stresses and modulation, metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial and transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions. Moreover, we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Li YR, Dunn ZS, Yu Y, Li M, Wang P, Yang L. Advancing cell-based cancer immunotherapy through stem cell engineering. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:592-610. [PMID: 36948187 PMCID: PMC10164150 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cell-based therapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy, have transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies. Although an important step forward for the field, autologous CAR-T therapies are hindered by high costs, manufacturing challenges, and limited efficacy against solid tumors. With ongoing progress in gene editing and culture techniques, engineered stem cells and their application in cell therapy are poised to address some of these challenges. Here, we review stem cell-based immunotherapy approaches, stem cell sources, gene engineering and manufacturing strategies, therapeutic platforms, and clinical trials, as well as challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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29
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Lackner K, Ebner S, Watschinger K, Maglione M. Multiple Shades of Gray-Macrophages in Acute Allograft Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8257. [PMID: 37175964 PMCID: PMC10179242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term results following solid organ transplantation do not mirror the excellent short-term results achieved in recent decades. It is therefore clear that current immunosuppressive maintenance protocols primarily addressing the adaptive immune system no longer meet the required clinical need. Identification of novel targets addressing this shortcoming is urgently needed. There is a growing interest in better understanding the role of the innate immune system in this context. In this review, we focus on macrophages, which are known to prominently infiltrate allografts and, during allograft rejection, to be involved in the surge of the adaptive immune response by expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and direct cytotoxicity. However, this active participation is janus-faced and unspecific targeting of macrophages may not consider the different subtypes involved. Under this premise, we give an overview on macrophages, including their origins, plasticity, and important markers. We then briefly describe their role in acute allograft rejection, which ranges from sustaining injury to promoting tolerance, as well as the impact of maintenance immunosuppressants on macrophages. Finally, we discuss the observed immunosuppressive role of the vitamin-like compound tetrahydrobiopterin and the recent findings that suggest the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, as its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lackner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (K.L.); (S.E.)
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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30
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Ma J, Xu Z, Duan C, Wang Y, Li X, Han J, Zhuang R. Competitive binding of CD226/TIGIT with PVR regulates macrophage polarization and is involved in vascularized skin graft rejection. Am J Transplant 2023:S1600-6135(23)00404-5. [PMID: 37054890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
End-stage organ failure often requires solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, transplant rejection remains an unresolved issue. The induction of donor-specific tolerance is the ultimate goal in transplantation research. Here, an allograft vascularized skin rejection model using BALB/c-C57/BL6 mice was established to evaluate the regulation of the poliovirus receptor signaling pathway via CD226 knockout (KO) or TIGIT-Fc recombinant protein treatment. In the TIGIT-Fc-treated and CD226KO groups, graft survival time was significantly prolonged, with a Treg cell proportion increase and M2-type macrophage polarization. Donor-reactive recipient T cells became hyporesponsive while responding normally after a third-party antigen challenge. In both groups, serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels decreased, and the IL-10 level increased. In vitro, M2 markers, such as Arg1 and IL-10, were markedly increased by TIGIT-Fc, whereas iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels decreased. CD226-Fc had the opposite effect. TIGIT suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation by inhibiting macrophage SHP-1 phosphorylation and enhanced ERK1/2-MSK1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CREB. In conclusion, CD226 and TIGIT competitively bind to PVR with activating and inhibitory functions, respectively. Mechanistically, TIGIT promotes IL-10 transcription from macrophages by activating the ERK1/2-MSK1-CREB pathway and enhancing M2-type polarization. CD226/TIGIT-PVR are crucial regulatory molecules of allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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31
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Iglesias-Escudero M, Arias-González N, Martínez-Cáceres E. Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 36739406 PMCID: PMC9898962 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response. These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs) and other regulatory cell types such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These regulatory cells, known for their ability to suppress immune responses, can also suppress the anti-tumor immune response. The infiltration of many regulatory cells into tumor tissues is therefore associated with a poor prognosis. There is growing evidence that elimination of Tregs enhances anti-tumor immune responses. However, the systemic depletion of Treg cells can simultaneously cause deleterious autoimmunity. Furthermore, since regulatory cells are characterized by their high level of expression of immune checkpoints, it is also expected that immune checkpoint inhibitors perform part of their function by blocking these molecules and enhancing the immune response. This indicates that immunotherapy does not only act by activating specific effector T cells but can also directly or indirectly attenuate the suppressive activity of regulatory cells in tumor tissues. This review aims to draw together our current knowledge about the effect of immunotherapy on the various types of regulatory cells, and how these effects may be beneficial in the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Iglesias-Escudero
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Noelia Arias-González
- grid.411438.b0000 0004 1767 6330Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Cáceres
- Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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32
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Cheung MD, Asiimwe R, Erman EN, Fucile CF, Liu S, Sun CW, Hanumanthu VS, Pal HC, Wright ED, Ghajar-Rahimi G, Epstein D, Orandi BJ, Kumar V, Anderson DJ, Greene ME, Bell M, Yates S, Moore KH, LaFontaine J, Killian JT, Baker G, Perry J, Reed R, Little SC, Rosenberg AF, George JF, Locke JE, Porrett PM. Spatiotemporal immune atlas of the first clinical-grade, gene-edited pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2382345. [PMID: 36711785 PMCID: PMC9882594 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2382345/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pig-to-human xenotransplantation is rapidly approaching the clinical arena; however, it is unclear which immunomodulatory regimens will effectively control human immune responses to pig xenografts. We transplanted a gene-edited pig kidney into a brain-dead human recipient on pharmacologic immunosuppression and studied the human immune response to the xenograft using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing. Human immune cells were uncommon in the porcine kidney cortex early after xenotransplantation and consisted of primarily myeloid cells. Both the porcine resident macrophages and human infiltrating macrophages expressed genes consistent with an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory phenotype. No significant infiltration of human B or T cells into the porcine kidney xenograft was detected. Altogether, these findings provide proof of concept that conventional pharmacologic immunosuppression is sufficient to restrict infiltration of human immune cells into the xenograft early after compatible pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca Asiimwe
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elise N. Erman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harish C. Pal
- Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emma D. Wright
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Epstein
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Babak J. Orandi
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vineeta Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas J. Anderson
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Morgan E. Greene
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Markayla Bell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefani Yates
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyle H. Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer LaFontaine
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John T. Killian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gavin Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jackson Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rhiannon Reed
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shawn C. Little
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jayme E. Locke
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
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33
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Farshbafnadi M, Razi S, Rezaei N. Transplantation. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bindu S, Dandapat S, Manikandan R, Dinesh M, Subbaiyan A, Mani P, Dhawan M, Tiwari R, Bilal M, Emran TB, Mitra S, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2040238. [PMID: 35240935 PMCID: PMC9009931 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and transcriptional events to enable them to provide nonspecific defense against the subsequent encounters with a range of pathogens and acquire a quicker and more robust immune response, but different from the adaptive immune memory. Reversing the epigenetic changes or targeting the immunological pathways may be considered potential therapeutic approaches to counteract the hyper-responsive or hypo-responsive state of trained immunity. The efficient regulation of immune homeostasis and promotion or inhibition of immune responses is required for a balanced response. Trained immunity-based vaccines can serve as potent immune stimuli and help in the clearance of pathogens in the body through multiple or heterologous effects and confer protection against nonspecific and specific pathogens. This review highlights various features of trained immunity and its applications in developing novel therapeutics and vaccines, along with certain detrimental effects, challenges as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pashupathi Mani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangldesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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35
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Wang J, Mao K, Cong X, Tan H, Wu C, Hu Z, Yang YG, Sun T. Nanoparticle delivery of CD40 siRNA suppresses alloimmune responses by inhibiting activation and differentiation of DCs and macrophages. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3699. [PMID: 36542700 PMCID: PMC9770959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CD40 is an important costimulatory molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and plays a critical role for APC activation, offering a promising therapeutic target for preventing allograft rejection. Here, we developed a biodegradable nanoparticle small interfering RNA delivery system (siCD40/NPs) to effectively deliver CD40 siRNA (siCD40) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), myeloid progenitors, and mature dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Injection of siCD40/NPs not only down-regulated CD40 expression in DCs and macrophages but also inhibited the differentiation of HSCs and/or myeloid progenitors into functional DCs and macrophages. Furthermore, siCD40/NPs treatment significantly prolonged allograft survival in mouse models of skin allotransplantation. In addition to reiteration of the role of CD40 in APC activation, our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role of CD40 in DC and macrophage differentiation from their progenitors. Furthermore, our results support the effectiveness of siCD40/NPs in suppressing alloimmune responses, providing a potential means of facilitating tolerance induction and preventing allotransplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kuirong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Cong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huizhu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Meissner TB, Schulze HS, Dale SM. Immune Editing: Overcoming Immune Barriers in Stem Cell Transplantation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:206-218. [PMID: 36406259 PMCID: PMC9643905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of inborn and degenerative diseases, including aging and autoimmunity. A major barrier to their wider adoption in cell therapies is immune rejection. Genome editing allows for tinkering of the human genome in stem and progenitor cells and raises the prospect for overcoming the immune barriers to transplantation. Recent Findings Initial attempts have focused primarily on the major histocompatibility barrier that is formed by the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, CD47, or HLA-G, are being explored both, in the presence or absence of HLA, to mitigate immune rejection by the various cellular components of the immune system. Summary In this review, we discuss progress in surmounting immune barriers to cell transplantation, with a particular focus on genetic engineering of human pluripotent stem and progenitor cells and the therapeutic cell types derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten B. Meissner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henrike S. Schulze
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stanley M. Dale
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Cureus 2022; 14:e30982. [PMID: 36337306 PMCID: PMC9624478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.
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Farina FM, Santovito D, Weber C. Two-Faced Janus: CCR2-Expressing Macrophages and Their Dual Role in Allograft Rejection of the Transplanted Heart. Circulation 2022; 146:639-642. [PMID: 35994560 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana M Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council, Unit of Milan, Italy (D.S.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (F.M.F., D.S., C.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (C.W.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (C.W.)
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Zou Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Yu J, Xu H, Cui J, Li Y, Niu Y, Zhou C, Xia J, Wu J. Targeting PCSK9 Ameliorates Graft Vascular Disease in Mice by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894789. [PMID: 35720337 PMCID: PMC9204514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graft vascular disease (GVD), which limits the long-term survival of patients after solid-organ transplantation, is associated with both immune responses and nonimmune factors, including dyslipidemia. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a U.S. Federal Drug Administration-approved treatment for hyperlipidemia, reduces cardiovascular events, regulates inflammatory responses, and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer treatment through a cholesterol-independent mechanism. However, whether targeting PCSK9 is a potential therapeutic strategy for GVD remains unknown. Methods Serum samples and grafts were harvested from male mice undergoing abdominal aortic transplantation. The pathological alterations in the aortic grafts were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Verhoeff’s Van Gieson staining, and Masson staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the aortic grafts were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. The regulatory effects of PCSK9 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation were examined by transwell, EdU, and western blot assays. The effect of Evolocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, on GVD in humanized PCSK9 mice was also evaluated. Results PCSK9 was upregulated in the serum, grafts, and liver of mice in the allograft group subjected to abdominal aortic transplantation. Pcsk9 knockout significantly reduced vascular stenosis, the intimal hyperplasia area and collagen deposition. Pcsk9 depletion also inhibited macrophage recruitment and the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in aortic grafts. Furthermore, Pcsk9 knockout suppressed the migration and proliferation of VSMCs, which was related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, Evolocumab significantly ameliorated GVD in humanized PCSK9 mice. Conclusion PCSK9 is upregulated in a mouse model of GVD, and Pcsk9 knockout reduces vascular occlusion, suggesting that PCSK9 may be a promising target for the treatment of GVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jikai Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Cao X, Lai SWT, Chen S, Wang S, Feng M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:61-108. [PMID: 35636930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune components in the tumor microenvironment and play a plethora of roles in regulating tumorigenesis. Therefore, the therapeutic targeting of TAMs has emerged as a new paradigm for immunotherapy of cancer. Herein, the review summarizes the origin, polarization, and function of TAMs in the progression of malignant diseases. The understanding of such knowledge leads to several distinct therapeutic strategies to manipulate TAMs to battle cancer, which include those to reduce TAM abundance, such as depleting TAMs or inhibiting their recruitment and differentiation, and those to harness or boost the anti-tumor activities of TAMs such as blocking phagocytosis checkpoints, inducing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and reprogramming TAM polarization. In addition, modulation of TAMs may reshape the tumor microenvironment and therefore synergize with other cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the rational combination of TAM-targeting therapeutics with conventional therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other immunotherapies is also reviewed. Overall, targeting TAMs presents itself as a promising strategy to add to the growing repertoire of treatment approaches in the fight against cancer, and it is hopeful that these approaches currently being pioneered will serve to vastly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Seigmund W T Lai
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sadira Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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Campos-Mora M, De Solminihac J, Rojas C, Padilla C, Kurte M, Pacheco R, Kaehne T, Wyneken Ú, Pino-Lagos K. Neuropilin-1 is present on Foxp3+ T regulatory cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and mediates immunity against skin transplantation. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12237. [PMID: 35676234 PMCID: PMC9177693 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the mechanisms of suppression that T regulatory (Treg) cells exert to control the immune responses, the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) has been recently proposed as a novel contact‐independent immunomodulatory mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that Treg cells produce sEV, including exosomes, able to modulate the effector function of CD4+ T cells, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) through the transfer of microRNA, cytokines, the production of adenosine, among others. Previously, we have demonstrated that Neuropilin‐1 (Nrp1) is required for Tregs‐mediated immunosuppression mainly by impacting on the phenotype and function of effector CD4+ T cells. Here, we show that Foxp3+ Treg cells secrete sEV, which bear Nrp1 in their membrane. These sEV modulate effector CD4+ T cell phenotype and proliferation in vitro in a Nrp1‐dependent manner. Proteomic analysis indicated that sEV obtained from wild type (wt) and Nrp1KO Treg cells differed in proteins related to immune tolerance, finding less representation of CD73 and Granzyme B in sEV obtained from Nrp1KO Treg cells. Likewise, we show that Nrp1 is required in Treg cell‐derived sEV for inducing skin transplantation tolerance, since a reduction in graft survival and an increase on M1/M2 ratio were found in animals treated with Nrp1KO Treg cell‐derived sEV. Altogether, this study describes for the first time that Treg cells secrete sEV containing Nrp1 and that this protein, among others, is necessary to promote transplantation tolerance in vivo via sEV local administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Campos-Mora
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera De Solminihac
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Padilla
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Kurte
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Úrsula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Martinez-Castillo M, León-Mancilla B, Ramírez-Rico G, Alfaro A, Pérez-Torres A, Díaz-Infante D, García-Loya J, Medina-Avila Z, Sanchez-Hernandez J, Piña-Barba C, Gutierrez-Reyes G. Xenoimplant of Collagen Matrix Scaffold in Liver Tissue as a Niche for Liver Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:808191. [PMID: 35463025 PMCID: PMC9022037 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.808191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus-induced liver damage, chronic liver damage due to alcohol, and non-alcoholic liver disease-induced cellular alterations promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The recommended therapeutic option for advanced liver damage is liver transplantation. Extracellular matrix scaffolds have been evaluated as an alternative for tissue restoration. Studies on the biocompatibility and rejection of synthetic and natural scaffolds as an alternative to organ transplantation have been evaluated. Our group has recently described the xenoimplant of collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) in a rat model. However, no complete macroscopic and histological description of the liver parenchyma at the initial (day 3), intermediate (day 14), and advanced (day 21) stages has been obtained. In this study, we described and compared liver tissue from the CMS zone (CZ, CMS, and liver parenchyma), liver tissue from the normal zone (liver parenchyma close to the CMS), and basal tissue (resected tissue from the CMS implantation site). Our data strongly suggest that the collagen matrix xenoimplant is a good niche for hepatocytes, with no rejection, and does not affect liver function tests. The liver can regenerate after damage, but this capacity is inhibited in a chronic injury. At present, the use of CMS after liver damage has not been reported. This biomaterial could be a novel alternative in the field of regenerative medicine for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín León-Mancilla
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Ana Alfaro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cells and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Díaz-Infante
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge García-Loya
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zaira Medina-Avila
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sanchez-Hernandez
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Piña-Barba
- Materials Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes,
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Toyama C, Maeda A, Kogata S, Takase K, Kodama T, Masahata K, Ueno T, Kamiyama M, Tazuke Y, Eguchi H, Matsunami K, Miyagawa S, Okuyama H. Effect of a C5a receptor antagonist on macrophage function in an intestinal transplant rat model. Transpl Immunol 2022; 72:101559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yu S, Lu J. Macrophages in transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101536. [PMID: 35017096 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplant rejection is one of the primary factors leading to loss of allograft function, and macrophages are involved in allograft rejection. Macrophages polarize into different phenotypes according to stimulation by different external factors. Different types of macrophages play distinct roles in inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases and are involved in transplant rejection. In this review, we introduce the origin and migration of macrophages, outline the classification of macrophages and their polarization mechanisms, and review the currently understood mechanisms of their involvement in transplant rejection. Finally, we discuss the regulation of macrophage polarization and miRNA expression with respect to transplant rejection, which is important for the development of new anti-rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Parsons RF, Baquerizo A, Kirchner VA, Malek S, Desai CS, Schenk A, Finger EB, Brennan TV, Parekh KR, MacConmara M, Brayman K, Fair J, Wertheim JA. Challenges, highlights, and opportunities in cellular transplantation: A white paper of the current landscape. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3225-3238. [PMID: 34212485 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular transplantation remains a relatively small field compared to solid organ transplantation, the prospects for advancement in basic science and clinical care remain bountiful. In this review, notable historical events and the current landscape of the field of cellular transplantation are reviewed with an emphasis on islets (allo- and xeno-), hepatocytes (including bioartificial liver), adoptive regulatory immunotherapy, and stem cells (SCs, specifically endogenous organ-specific and mesenchymal). Also, the nascent but rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional bioprinting is highlighted, including its major processing steps and latest achievements. To reach its full potential where cellular transplants are a more viable alternative than solid organ transplants, fundamental change in how the field is regulated and advanced is needed. Greater public and private investment in the development of cellular transplantation is required. Furthermore, consistent with the call of multiple national transplant societies for allo-islet transplants, the oversight of cellular transplants should mirror that of solid organ transplants and not be classified under the unsustainable, outdated model that requires licensing as a drug with the Food and Drug Administration. Cellular transplantation has the potential to bring profound benefit through progress in bioengineering and regenerative medicine, limiting immunosuppression-related toxicity, and providing markedly reduced surgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angeles Baquerizo
- Scripps Center for Cell and Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sayeed Malek
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chirag S Desai
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin Schenk
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erik B Finger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Malcolm MacConmara
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth Brayman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey Fair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Habal MV. Current Desensitization Strategies in Heart Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702186. [PMID: 34504489 PMCID: PMC8423343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart transplant candidates sensitized to HLA antigens wait longer for transplant, are at increased risk of dying while waiting, and may not be listed at all. The increasing prevalence of HLA sensitization and limitations of current desensitization strategies underscore the urgent need for a more effective approach. In addition to pregnancy, prior transplant, and transfusions, patients with end-stage heart failure are burdened with unique factors placing them at risk for HLA sensitization. These include homograft material used for congenital heart disease repair and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Moreover, these risks are often stacked, forming a seemingly insurmountable barrier in some cases. While desensitization protocols are typically implemented uniformly, irrespective of the mode of sensitization, the heterogeneity in success and post-transplant outcomes argues for a more tailored approach. Achieving this will require progress in our understanding of the immunobiology underlying the innate and adaptive immune response to these varied allosensitizing exposures. Further attention to B cell activation, memory, and plasma cell differentiation is required to establish methods that durably abrogate the anti-HLA antibody response before and after transplant. The contribution of non-HLA antibodies to the net state of sensitization and the potential implications for graft longevity also remain to be comprehensively defined. The aim of this review is to first bring forth select issues unique to the sensitized heart transplant candidate. The current literature on desensitization in heart transplantation will then be summarized providing context within the immune response. Building on this, newer approaches with therapeutic potential will be discussed emphasizing the importance of not only addressing the short-term pathogenic consequences of circulating HLA antibodies, but also the need to modulate alloimmune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena V. Habal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Hermsen M, Volk V, Bräsen JH, Geijs DJ, Gwinner W, Kers J, Linmans J, Schaadt NS, Schmitz J, Steenbergen EJ, Swiderska-Chadaj Z, Smeets B, Hilbrands LB, Feuerhake F, van der Laak JAWM. Quantitative assessment of inflammatory infiltrates in kidney transplant biopsies using multiplex tyramide signal amplification and deep learning. J Transl Med 2021; 101:970-982. [PMID: 34006891 PMCID: PMC8292146 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is a strong risk factor for development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in kidney transplants. Quantitative assessment of inflammatory infiltrates in kidney biopsies of DGF patients can reveal predictive markers for IFTA development. In this study, we combined multiplex tyramide signal amplification (mTSA) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to assess the inflammatory microenvironment in kidney biopsies of DGF patients (n = 22) taken at 6 weeks post-transplantation. Patients were stratified for IFTA development (<10% versus ≥10%) from 6 weeks to 6 months post-transplantation, based on histopathological assessment by three kidney pathologists. One mTSA panel was developed for visualization of capillaries, T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages and a second mTSA panel for T-helper cell and macrophage subsets. The slides were multi spectrally imaged and custom-made python scripts enabled conversion to artificial brightfield whole-slide images (WSI). We used an existing CNN for the detection of lymphocytes with cytoplasmatic staining patterns in immunohistochemistry and developed two new CNNs for the detection of macrophages and nuclear-stained lymphocytes. F1-scores were 0.77 (nuclear-stained lymphocytes), 0.81 (cytoplasmatic-stained lymphocytes), and 0.82 (macrophages) on a test set of artificial brightfield WSI. The CNNs were used to detect inflammatory cells, after which we assessed the peritubular capillary extent, cell density, cell ratios, and cell distance in the two patient groups. In this cohort, distance of macrophages to other immune cells and peritubular capillary extent did not vary significantly at 6 weeks post-transplantation between patient groups. CD163+ cell density was higher in patients with ≥10% IFTA development 6 months post-transplantation (p < 0.05). CD3+CD8-/CD3+CD8+ ratios were higher in patients with <10% IFTA development (p < 0.05). We observed a high correlation between CD163+ and CD4+GATA3+ cell density (R = 0.74, p < 0.001). Our study demonstrates that CNNs can be used to leverage reliable, quantitative results from mTSA-stained, multi spectrally imaged slides of kidney transplant biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyke Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valery Volk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daan J Geijs
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfried Gwinner
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Linmans
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine S Schaadt
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric J Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zaneta Swiderska-Chadaj
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jeroen A W M van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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48
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Suuring M, Moreau A. Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie—UMR1064, INSERM—ITUN, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
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49
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Chen P, Zhou L, Chen J, Lu Y, Cao C, Lv S, Wei Z, Wang L, Chen J, Hu X, Wu Z, Zhou X, Su D, Deng X, Zeng C, Wang H, Pu Z, Diao R, Mou L. The Immune Atlas of Human Deciduas With Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689019. [PMID: 34168655 PMCID: PMC8218877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common fertility problem that affects 1%-2% of couples all over the world. Despite exciting discoveries regarding the important roles of the decidual natural killer cell (dNK) and regulatory T cell in pregnancy, the immune heterogeneity in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) remains elusive. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of 13,953 CD45+ cells from three normal and three URPL deciduas. Based on our data, the cellular composition revealed three major populations of immune cells including dNK cell, T cell, and macrophage, and four minor populations including monocytes, dendritic cell (DC), mast cell, and B cell. Especially, we identified a subpopulation of CSF1+ CD59+ KIRs-expressing dNK cells in normal deciduas, while the proportion of this subpopulation was decreased in URPL deciduas. We also identified a small subpopulation of activated dDCs that were accumulated mainly in URPL deciduas. Furthermore, our data revealed that in decidua at early pregnancy, CD8+ T cells exhibited cytotoxic properties. The decidual macrophages expressed high levels of both M1 and M2 feature genes, which made them unique to the conventional M1/M2 classification. Our single-cell data revealed the immune heterogeneity in decidua and the potentially pathogenic immune variations in URPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaoxia Cao
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangli Lv
- Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan People's Hospital (Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinglin Hu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danna Su
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiying Diao
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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50
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von Vietinghoff S, Kurts C. Regulation and function of CX3CR1 and its ligand CX3CL1 in kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:335-344. [PMID: 34009468 PMCID: PMC8523406 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attraction, retention, and differentiation of leukocytes to and within the kidney are governed by chemokines. The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 are exemplary in this regard as they are highly expressed and further upregulated in a range of kidney diseases. CX3CL1 is chiefly produced by renal endothelium and tubular epithelium, where it promotes leukocyte attraction. Recent data suggest that in addition to established soluble mediators, cellular interactions may enhance CX3CL1 expression. The receptor CX3CR1 is essential in myeloid phagocyte homing to the kidney at homeostasis, after acute cell depletion and in inflammation. CX3CR1 and its ligand are highly regulated in human kidney diseases such as IgA nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory conditions such as transplant rejection. A mechanistic role of CX3CR1 has been established in experimental models of nephrotoxic nephritis and renal candidiasis. It is debated in fibrosis. Recent publications demonstrate a role for CX3CR1+ myeloid cells in radio-contrast-agent and sepsis-induced kidney damage. Systemically, circulating CX3CR1+ monocytes reversibly increase in individuals with renal impairment and correlate with their cardiovascular risk. In this review, we discuss role and regulatory mechanisms of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in both localized and systemic effects of renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- First Medical Clinic, Nephrology Section, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Biomedical Center II, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Biomedical Center II, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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