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Grant M, Ni Lee L, Chinnakannan S, Tong O, Kwok J, Cianci N, Tillman L, Saha A, Pereira Almeida V, Leung C. Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2331486. [PMID: 38564321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?
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Tamura R, Yamanobe Y, Fujioka M, Morimoto Y, Fukumura M, Nakaya M, Oishi Y, Sato M, Ueda R, Fujiwara H, Hikichi T, Noji S, Oishi N, Ozawa H, Ogawa K, Kawakami Y, Ohira T, Yoshida K, Toda M. Phase I/II Study of a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Vaccine in Patients With NF2-Related Schwannomatosis. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:2578-2587. [PMID: 38776485 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The humanized antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab (Bev) is efficacious for the treatment of NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2), previously known as neurofibromatosis type 2. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a VEGF receptor (VEGFR) vaccine containing VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 peptides in patients with NF2 with progressive schwannomas (jRCTs031180184). MATERIALS AND METHODS VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 peptides were injected subcutaneously into infra-axillary and inguinal regions, once a week for 4 weeks and then once a month for 4 months. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points included tolerability, hearing response, imaging response, and immunologic response. RESULTS Sixteen patients with NF2 with progressive schwannomas completed treatment and were assessed. No severe vaccine-related adverse events occurred. Among the 13 patients with assessable hearing, word recognition score improved in five patients at 6 months and two at 12 months. Progression of average hearing level of pure tone was 0.168 dB/mo during the year of treatment period, whereas long-term progression was 0.364 dB/mo. Among all 16 patients, a partial response was observed in more than one schwannoma in four (including one in which Bev had not been effective), minor response in 5, and stable disease in 4. Both VEGFR1-specific and VEGFR2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced in 11 patients. Two years after vaccination, a radiologic response was achieved in nine of 20 assessable schwannomas. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the safety and preliminary efficacy of VEGFR peptide vaccination in patients with NF2. Memory-induced CTLs after VEGFR vaccination may persistently suppress tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Yamanobe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yukina Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Fukumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuto Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ueda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinobu Noji
- Division of Cellular Signaling Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Lorenzo G, Illescas-Amo M, Benavides J, Moreno S, Marín-López A, Nogales A, Ortego J. Co-expression of VP2, NS1 and NS2-Nt proteins by an MVA viral vector induces complete protection against bluetongue virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1440407. [PMID: 39072326 PMCID: PMC11272488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bluetongue (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is an important arthropod-borne livestock disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health. Live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines have permitted to control BT but they do not simultaneously protect against the myriad of BTV serotypes. Recently, we identified the highly conserved BTV nonstructural protein NS1 and the N-terminal region of NS2 as antigens capable of conferring multiserotype protection against BTV. Methods Here, we designed Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viral vectors that expressed BTV-4 proteins VP2 or VP7 along with NS1 and NS2-Nt as well as MVAs that expressed proteins VP2, VP7 or NS1 and NS2-Nt. Results Immunization of IFNAR(-/-) mice with two doses of MVA-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt protected mice from BTV-4M infection by the induction of an antigen-specific T cell immune response. Despite rMVA expressing VP7 alone were not protective in the IFNAR(-/-) mouse model, inclusion of VP7 in the vaccine formulation amplified the cell-mediated response induced by NS1 and NS2-Nt. Expression of VP2 elicited protective non-cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in immunized animals and improved the protection observed in the MVA-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt immunized mice when these three BTV antigens were co-expressed. Moreover, vaccines candidates co-expressing VP2 or VP7 along with NS1 and NS2-Nt provided multiserotype protection. We assessed protective efficacy of both vaccine candidates in sheep against virulent challenge with BTV-4M. Discussion Immunization with MVA-VP7-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt partially dumped viral replication and clinical disease whereas administration of MVA-VP2-NS1-2A-NS2-Nt promoted a complete protection, preventing viraemia and the pathology produced by BTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jiménez-Cabello
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Utrilla-Trigo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Lorenzo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Illescas-Amo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Marín-López
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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García-López L, Zamora-Vélez A, Vargas-Montes M, Sanchez-Arcila JC, Fasquelle F, Betbeder D, Gómez-Marín JE. Human T-cell activation with Toxoplasma gondii antigens loaded in maltodextrin nanoparticles. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302486. [PMID: 38724195 PMCID: PMC11082450 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is the most prevalent parasitic zoonosis worldwide, causing ocular and neurological diseases. No vaccine has been approved for human use. We evaluated the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to a novel construct of Toxoplasma gondii total antigen in maltodextrin nanoparticles (NP/TE) in individuals with varying infectious statuses (uninfected, chronic asymptomatic, or ocular toxoplasmosis). We analyzed the concentration of IFN-γ after NP/TE ex vivo stimulation using ELISA and the immunophenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations using flow cytometry. In addition, serotyping of individuals with toxoplasmosis was performed by ELISA using GRA6-derived polypeptides. Low doses of NP/TE stimulation (0.9 μg NP/0.3 μg TE) achieved IFN-γ-specific production in previously exposed human PBMCs without significant differences in the infecting serotype. Increased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ effector memory cell subsets was found in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis with NP/TE but not with TE alone. This is the first study to show how T-cell subsets respond to ex vivo stimulation with a vaccine candidate for human toxoplasmosis, providing crucial insights for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-López
- https://ror.org/01358s213 GEPAMOL Group, Center for Biomedical Research CIBM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Zamora-Vélez
- https://ror.org/01358s213 GEPAMOL Group, Center for Biomedical Research CIBM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Mónica Vargas-Montes
- https://ror.org/01358s213 GEPAMOL Group, Center for Biomedical Research CIBM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
- https://ror.org/01358s213 GEPAMOL Group, Center for Biomedical Research CIBM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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Cheung IY, Mauguen A, Modak S, Basu EM, Feng Y, Kushner BH, Cheung NK. Long Prime-Boost Interval and Heightened Anti-GD2 Antibody Response to Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:587. [PMID: 38932316 PMCID: PMC11209353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate ganglioside GD2/GD3 cancer vaccine adjuvanted by β-glucan stimulates anti-GD2 IgG1 antibodies that strongly correlate with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Thirty-two patients who relapsed on the vaccine (first enrollment) were re-treated on the same vaccine protocol (re-enrollment). Titers during the first enrollment peaked by week 32 at 751 ± 270 ng/mL, which plateaued despite vaccine boosts at 1.2-4.5 month intervals. After a median wash-out interval of 16.1 months from the last vaccine dose during the first enrollment to the first vaccine dose during re-enrollment, the anti-GD2 IgG1 antibody rose to a peak of 4066 ± 813 ng/mL by week 3 following re-enrollment (p < 0.0001 by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test). Yet, these peaks dropped sharply and continually despite repeated boosts at 1.2-4.5 month intervals, before leveling off by week 20 to the first enrollment peak levels. Despite higher antibody titers, patients experienced no pain or neuropathic side effects, which were typically associated with immunotherapy using monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies. By the Kaplan-Meier method, PFS was estimated to be 51%, and OS was 81%. The association between IgG1 titer during re-enrollment and β-glucan receptor dectin-1 SNP rs3901533 was significant (p = 0.01). A longer prime-boost interval could significantly improve antibody responses in patients treated with ganglioside conjugate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Cheung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Ellen M. Basu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Yi Feng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Nai Kong Cheung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
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Mietzner R, Barbey C, Lehr H, Ziegler CE, Peterhoff D, Wagner R, Goepferich A, Breunig M. Prolonged delivery of HIV-1 vaccine nanoparticles from hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124131. [PMID: 38643811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunization is a straightforward concept but remains for some pathogens like HIV-1 a challenge. Thus, new approaches towards increasing the efficacy of vaccines are required to turn the tide. There is increasing evidence that antigen exposure over several days to weeks induces a much stronger and more sustained immune response compared to traditional bolus injection, which usually leads to antigen elimination from the body within a couple of days. Therefore, we developed a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel platform to investigate the principal feasibility of a sustained release of antigens to mimic natural infection kinetics. Eight-and four-armed PEG macromonomers of different MWs (10, 20, and 40 kDa) were end-group functionalized to allow for hydrogel formation via covalent cross-linking. An HIV-1 envelope (Env) antigen in its trimeric (Envtri) or monomeric (Envmono) form was applied. The soluble Env antigen was compared to a formulation of Env attached to silica nanoparticles (Env-SiNPs). The latter are known to have a higher immunogenicity compared to their soluble counterparts. Hydrogels were tunable regarding the rheological behavior allowing for different degradation times and release timeframes of Env-SiNPs over two to up to 50 days. Affinity measurements of the VCR01 antibody which specifically recognizes the CD4 binding site of Env, revealed that neither the integrity nor the functionality of Envmono-SiNPs (Kd = 2.1 ± 0.9 nM) and Envtri-SiNPs (Kd = 1.5 ± 1.3 nM), respectively, were impaired after release from the hydrogel (Kd before release: 2.1 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 5.3 nM, respectively). Finally, soluble Env and Env-SiNPs which are two physico-chemically distinct compounds, were co-delivered and shown to be sequentially released from one hydrogel which could be beneficial in terms of heterologous immunization or single dose vaccination. In summary, this study presents a tunable, versatile applicable, and effective delivery platform that could improve vaccination effectiveness also for other infectious diseases than HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Mietzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clara Barbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heike Lehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian E Ziegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Breunig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Tepale-Segura A, Gajón JA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Castro-Escamilla O, Bonifaz LC. The cholera toxin B subunit induces trained immunity in dendritic cells and promotes CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362289. [PMID: 38812523 PMCID: PMC11133619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immune training is a metabolic, functional, and epigenetic long-term reprogramming of innate cells triggered by different stimuli. This imprinting also reaches hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow to sustain a memory-like phenotype. Dendritic cells (DCs) can exhibit memory-like responses, enhanced upon subsequent exposure to a pathogen; however, whether this imprinting is lineage and stimulus-restricted is still being determined. Nevertheless, the functional consequences of DCs training on the adaptive and protective immune response against non-infectious diseases remain unresolved. Methods We evaluated the effect of the nontoxic cholera B subunit (CTB), LPS and LTA in the induction of trained immunity in murine DCs revealed by TNFa and LDH expression, through confocal microscopy. Additionally, we obtained bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) from mice treated with CTB, LPS, and LTA and evaluated training features in DCs and their antigen-presenting cell capability using multiparametric cytometry. Finally, we design an experimental melanoma mouse model to demonstrate protection induced by CTB-trained DCs in vivo. Results CTB-trained DCs exhibit increased expression of TNFa, and metabolic reprogramming indicated by LDH expression. Moreover, CTB training has an imprint on DC precursors, increasing the number and antigen-presenting function in BMDCs. We found that training by CTB stimulates the recruitment of DC precursors and DCs infiltration at the skin and lymph nodes. Interestingly, training-induced by CTB promotes a highly co-stimulatory phenotype in tumor-infiltrating DCs (CD86+) and a heightened functionality of exhausted CD8 T cells (Ki67+, GZMB+), which were associated with a protective response against melanoma challenge in vivo. Conclusion Our work indicates that CTB can induce innate immune training on DCs, which turns into an efficient adaptive immune response in the melanoma model and might be a potential immunotherapeutic approach for tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Tepale-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julián A. Gajón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Castro-Escamilla
- División de Investigación Clínica, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C. Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bhargavi G, Subbian S. The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365127. [PMID: 38665915 PMCID: PMC11043514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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10
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Song J, Jeong S, Choi S, Oh YH, Park SJ, Chang JY, Cho Y, Byeon K, Choi JY, Lee S, Jung J, Park SM. Inverse association with COVID-19 vaccination status of the incidence of pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:650-656. [PMID: 38430718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although one of the characteristics of COVID-19 is accompanied by acute pneumonia immediately after infection, large-scale cohort studies focused on this issue are lacking. In addition, there is interest in how COVID-19 vaccinations reduce the incidence of acute pneumonia for people infected with different strains of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we assess the short-term incidence of pneumonia after COVID-19 with the vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 variants. METHODS As data for 2136,751 COVID-19 patients between January 01, 2020 and February 28, 2022 was collected, they were observed for one month from the day of infection. Patients in retrospective cohort study were classified according to doses of the received vaccine and the epidemic phase when SARS-CoV-2 variants prevailed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the pneumonia risk. RESULTS In B.1.1.7-B.1.351, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.2 variants, the aORs (95% CIs; p-value) for incidence of pneumonia were 0.93 (0.89-0.98; <0.001), 0.74 (0.70-0.78; <0.001), and 0.04 (0.038-0.043; <0.001), respectively, compared to the original strain. More than 80% of patients have received the second and more doses of the vaccine (average age=44.67 years). The aORs (95% CIs; p-value) for pneumonia were 0.61 (0.58-0.64; <0.001), 0.39 (0.38-0.40; <0.001), and 0.18 (0.166-0.184; <0.001) in patients who received the first (N = 68,216), second (N = 898,838), and ≥ third doses (N = 836,173), respectively, compared to unvaccinated patients. According to the received vaccine (second dose of mRNA or viral vector), those who received BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 (N = 787,980) had lower risk of pneumonia, compared to that in those who received h ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and AD26. COV2-S (N = 89,024). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the second and ≥ third doses (61% and 82% of risk aversion effect increased, respectively) of the COVID-19 vaccine can prevent the COVID-19-related pneumonia, regardless of the variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong©, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghyang Byeon
- Associate Research Fellow, Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seju Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Alonso-Rodríguez N, Vianello E, van Veen S, Jenum S, Tonby K, van Riessen R, Lai X, Mortensen R, Ottenhoff THM, Dyrhol-Riise AM. Whole blood RNA signatures in tuberculosis patients receiving H56:IC31 vaccine as adjunctive therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350593. [PMID: 38433842 PMCID: PMC10904528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic vaccination in tuberculosis (TB) represents a Host Directed Therapy strategy which enhances immune responses in order to improve clinical outcomes and shorten TB treatment. Previously, we have shown that the subunit H56:IC31 vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses when administered to TB patients adjunctive to standard TB treatment (TBCOX2 study, NCT02503839). Here we present the longitudinal whole blood gene expression patterns in H56:IC31 vaccinated TB patients compared to controls receiving standard TB treatment only. Methods The H56:IC31 group (N=11) and Control group (N=7) underwent first-line TB treatment for 182 days. The H56:IC31 group received 5 micrograms of the H56:IC31 vaccine (Statens Serum Institut; SSI, Valneva Austria GmbH) intramuscularly at day 84 and day 140. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples collected in PAXgene tubes on days 0, 84, 98, 140, 154, 182 and 238. The expression level of 183 immune-related genes was measured by high-throughput microfluidic qPCR (Biomark HD system, Standard BioTools). Results The targeted gene expression profiling unveiled the upregulation of modules such as interferon (IFN) signalling genes, pattern recognition receptors and small nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-ases in the vaccinated group compared to controls two weeks after administration of the first H56:IC31 vaccine. Additionally, the longitudinal analysis of the Adolescent Cohort Study-Correlation of Risk (ACS-COR) signature showed a progressive downregulation in both study arms towards the end of TB treatment, in congruence with reported treatment responses and clinical improvements. Still, two months after the end of TB treatment, vaccinated patients, and especially those developing both cellular and humoral vaccine responses, showed a lower expression of the ACS-COR genes compared to controls. Discussion Our data report gene expression patterns following H56:IC31 vaccination which might be interpreted as a lower risk of relapse in therapeutically vaccinated patients. Further studies are needed to conclude if these gene expression patterns could be used as prognostic biosignatures for therapeutic TB vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Vianello
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosalie van Riessen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoran Lai
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Deptartment of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Razali SA, Shamsir MS, Ishak NF, Low CF, Azemin WA. Riding the wave of innovation: immunoinformatics in fish disease control. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16419. [PMID: 38089909 PMCID: PMC10712311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of infectious illnesses has been a significant factor restricting aquaculture production. To maximise aquatic animal health, vaccination tactics are very successful and cost-efficient for protecting fish and aquaculture animals against many disease pathogens. However, due to the increasing number of immunological cases and their complexity, it is impossible to manage, analyse, visualise, and interpret such data without the assistance of advanced computational techniques. Hence, the use of immunoinformatics tools is crucial, as they not only facilitate the management of massive amounts of data but also greatly contribute to the creation of fresh hypotheses regarding immune responses. In recent years, advances in biotechnology and immunoinformatics have opened up new research avenues for generating novel vaccines and enhancing existing vaccinations against outbreaks of infectious illnesses, thereby reducing aquaculture losses. This review focuses on understanding in silico epitope-based vaccine design, the creation of multi-epitope vaccines, the molecular interaction of immunogenic vaccines, and the application of immunoinformatics in fish disease based on the frequency of their application and reliable results. It is believed that it can bridge the gap between experimental and computational approaches and reduce the need for experimental research, so that only wet laboratory testing integrated with in silico techniques may yield highly promising results and be useful for the development of vaccines for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisyah Razali
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farahin Ishak
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Atirah Azemin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Russi RC, del Balzo D, Reidel IG, Alonso Bivou M, Flor N, Lujan A, Sanchez D, Damiani MT, Veaute C. Evaluation of three formulations based on Polymorphic membrane protein D in mice infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267684. [PMID: 38045697 PMCID: PMC10690417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant impact of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infections worldwide highlights the need to develop a prophylactic vaccine that elicits effective immunity and protects the host from the immunopathological effects of Ct infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a vaccine based on a fragment of the Polymorphic membrane protein D (FPmpD) of C. trachomatis as an immunogen using a heterologous DNA prime-protein boost strategy in female mice Three different formulations were evaluated as protein boost: free recombinant FPmpD (rFPmpD) or rFPmpD formulated with a liposomal adjuvant alternatively supplemented with CpG or a cationic gemini lipopeptide as immunostimulants. The three candidates induced an increase in the cervicovaginal and systemic titers of anti-rFPmpD antibodies in two strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6), with no evidence of fertility alterations. The three formulations induced a rapid and robust humoral immune response upon the Ct challenge. However, the booster with free rFPmpD more efficiently reduced the shedding of infective Ct and prevented the development of immunopathology. The formulations containing adjuvant induced a strong inflammatory reaction in the uterine tissue. Hence, the prime-boost strategy with the adjuvant-free FPmpD vaccine formulation might constitute a promissory candidate to prevent C. trachomatis intravaginal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cecilia Russi
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego del Balzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mariano Alonso Bivou
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Noelia Flor
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustín Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMBECUCONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Peled Y, Afek A, Patel JK, Raanani E, Segev A, Ram E, Atari N, Kliker L, Elkader BA, Mandelboim M. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by the combination of vaccination and natural infection in heart transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15092. [PMID: 37565618 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Peled
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ehud Raanani
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Segev
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilon Ram
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bayan Abd Elkader
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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15
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Wang Y, Ji W, Li D, Sun T, Zhu P, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Chen S, Jin Y, Duan G. Active inoculation with an inactivated Coxsackievirus A2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and protects mice against lethal infection. Vaccine 2023; 41:6470-6482. [PMID: 37718187 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) is one of the causative agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which poses a great challenge for global public health. However, presently, there are no available commercial vaccines or antivirals to prevent CVA2 infection. Here, we present an inactivated Vero cell-based whole CVA2 vaccine candidate and evaluate its safety and efficacy in this study. Neonatal BALB/c mice were vaccinated at 5 and 7 days old, respectively, and then challenged with either homologous or heterologous strain of CVA2 at a lethal dose at 10 days old. The inactivated whole CVA2 vaccine candidate showed a high protective efficacy. Additionally, our inactivated vaccine stimulated the production of CVA2-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in vivo and high titers of neutralization antibodies (NtAbs) in the serum of immunized mice. Maternal immunization with the inactivated CVA2 vaccine provided full protection to pups against lethal infection. Compared with mice inoculated with only alum, the viral loads were decreased, and pathological changes were relieved in tissue samples of immunized mice. Moreover, the transcription levels of some genes related to cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, CXCL-10 etc.) were significantly reduced. The number of immune cells and levels of cytokines in peripheral blood of mice inoculated with only alum were higher than that of immunized mice. It is noteworthy that this vaccine showed a good cross-immunity efficacy against Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) challenge. In conclusion, our findings suggest that this experimental inactivated CVA2 vaccine is a promising component of polyvalent vaccines related to HFMD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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16
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Contreras C, Alegría-Moran R, Duchens M, Ábalos P, López R, Retamal P. Specific and non-specific effects of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in dairy calves. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1278329. [PMID: 37869491 PMCID: PMC10588636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1278329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a zoonotic pathogen with economic significance as it leads to reduced milk and meat production, and high costs for control measures. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, primarily used to prevent tuberculosis in humans, has also been studied for controlling bTB. While showing effectiveness in preventing M. bovis infection and disease in cattle, the BCG vaccine can induce non-specific effects on the immune system, enhancing responses to infections caused by unrelated pathogens, and also having non-specific effects on lactation. The aim of this study is to describe both the specific and non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in calves from a commercial dairy herd in central Chile. Diagnosis of M. bovis infection was performed through the IFNγ release assay (IGRA) using ESAT6/CFP-10 and Rv3615c antigens. The records of milk production, somatic cell count (SCC), clinical mastitis (CM) and retained placenta (RP) during the first lactation were compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. The breed (Holstein Friesian [HF] v/s HF × Swedish Red crossbred [HFSR]) and the season (warm v/s cold) were also analyzed as categorical explanatory variables. Results of IGRA showed significant differences between vaccinated and control groups, indicating a vaccine efficacy of 58.5% at 18 months post vaccination in HFSR crossbred animals. Although milk production did not vary, SCC and CM showed differences between groups, associated to the breed and the season, respectively. When analyzing CM and RP as a whole entity of disease, BCG showed protection in all but the cold season variables. Overall, the BCG vaccine induced protective specific and non-specific effects on health parameters, which may be influenced by the breed of animals and the season. These results provide new features of BCG protection, supporting initiatives for its implementation as a complementary tool in bTB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría-Moran
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Duchens
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ábalos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renata López
- Magister en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Retamal
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang H, Ren J, Li J, Zhai C, Mao F, Yang S, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Fu X. Comparison of heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies with DNA and recombinant vaccinia virus co-expressing GP3 and GP5 of European type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106328. [PMID: 37661073 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is principally used to control and treat porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. This study investigated immunogenicity and protective efficacy of heterologous prime-boost regimens in pigs, including recombinant DNA and vaccinia virus vectors coexpressing PRRSV European genotype (EU) isolate GP3 and GP5: group A, pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 prime and rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 boost; group B, rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 prime and pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 boost; group C, empty vector pVAX1; group D, E3L gene-deleted vaccinia virus E3L- VTT. Vaccine efficacy was tested in an EU-type PRRSV (Lelystad virus strain) challenge pig model based on evaluating PRRSV-specific antibody responses, neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, T lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, clinical symptoms, viremia and tissue virus loads. Plasmid DNA was delivered as chitosan-DNA nanoparticles, and Quil A (Quillaja) was used to increase vaccine efficiency. All piglets were boosted 21 days post the initial inoculation (dpi) and then challenged 14 days later. At 14, 21, 28 and 35 dpi, groups A and B developed significantly higher PRRSV-specific antibody responses compared with control groups C and D. Two weeks after the boost, significant differences in neutralizing antibody and IFN-γ levels were observed between groups A, C, D and B. At 49 dpi, groups A and B had markedly increased peripheral blood CD3+CD4+ T cell levels. Following virus challenge, group A showed viremia, but organ virus loads were lower than those in other groups. Thus, a heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimen (rddVTT-EU-GP3-GP5 prime, pVAX1-EU-GP3-GP5 boost) can improve humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses to provide resistance to EU-type PRRSV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Zhang
- The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, 471031, China; College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jingqiang Ren
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China; Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Jiachen Li
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Chongkai Zhai
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Fuchao Mao
- College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shaozhe Yang
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- The 989th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, 471031, China; College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luo Yang, 471000, China; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Xiuhong Fu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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Kiszel P, Sík P, Miklós J, Kajdácsi E, Sinkovits G, Cervenak L, Prohászka Z. Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13166. [PMID: 37574522 PMCID: PMC10423719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reduce the risk of developing serious COVID-19 disease. Monitoring spike-specific IgG subclass levels after vaccinations may provide additional information on SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response. Here, we examined the presence and levels of spike-specific IgG antibody subclasses in health-care coworkers vaccinated with vector- (Sputnik, AstraZeneca) or mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. We found that vector-based vaccines elicited lower total spike-specific IgG levels than mRNA vaccines. The pattern of spike-specific IgG subclasses in individuals infected before mRNA vaccinations resembled that of vector-vaccinated subjects or unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. However, the pattern of mRNA-vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 preinfection showed a markedly different pattern. In addition to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses presented in all groups, a switch towards distal IgG subclasses (spike-specific IgG4 and IgG2) appeared almost exclusively in individuals who received only mRNA vaccines or were infected after mRNA vaccinations. In these subjects, the magnitude of the spike-specific IgG4 response was comparable to that of the spike-specific IgG1 response. These data suggest that the priming of the immune system either by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by vector- or mRNA-based vaccinations has an important impact on the characteristics of the developed specific humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| | - Pál Sík
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - János Miklós
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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19
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Chen M, Venturi V, Munier CML. Dissecting the Protective Effect of CD8 + T Cells in Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and the Potential Link with Lymph Node CD8 + T Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1035. [PMID: 37508464 PMCID: PMC10376827 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a crucial role in effectively reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with a new generation of vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology being administered globally. Neutralizing antibodies have featured as the heroes of vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells may have a significant impact on the early protective effects of the mRNA vaccine, which are evident 12 days after initial vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells have been shown to respond to multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit polyfunctionality in the periphery at the early stage, even when neutralizing antibodies are scarce. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce diverse subsets of memory CD8+ T cells that persist for more than six months following vaccination. However, the protective role of CD8+ T cells in response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remains a topic of debate. In addition, our understanding of CD8+ T cells in response to vaccination in the lymph nodes, where they first encounter antigen, is still limited. This review delves into the current knowledge regarding the protective role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in controlling the virus, the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, and the contribution to supporting B cell activity and promoting immune protection in the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Hein S, Sabino C, Benz NI, Görgülü E, Maier TJ, Oberle D, Hildt E. The fourth vaccination with a non-SARS-CoV-2 variant adapted vaccine fails to increase the breadth of the humoral immune response. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10820. [PMID: 37402816 PMCID: PMC10319856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Escape mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a major reason for Omicron breakthrough infections. After basal vaccination only very low titers of Omicron neutralizing antibodies are present. However, booster vaccinations induce higher titers against the Omicron variant. The neutralization of the Delta and Omicron variants by sera obtained 6 months after 3rd vaccination and 2 weeks or 6 months after 4th vaccination with a monovalent RNA vaccine (Spikevax) was analyzed. It was observed for the Omicron variant that 6 months after the fourth vaccination, the titer returns to the same very low neutralizing capacity as 6 months after the third vaccination. The Delta variant neutralizing capacity wanes with a comparable kinetic although the titers are higher as compared to the Omicron variant. This indicates that the fourth vaccination with a monovalent vaccine based on the ancestral isolate neither affects the kinetic of the waning nor the breadth of the humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Hein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Catarina Sabino
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Nuka Ivalu Benz
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Esra Görgülü
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Jürgen Maier
- Division of Pharmacovigilance, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63325, Langen, Germany
| | - Doris Oberle
- Division of Pharmacovigilance, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63325, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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21
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Lee MH, Seo H, Lee MS, Kim BJ, Kim HL, Lee DH, Oh J, Shin JY, Jin JY, Jeong DH, Kim BJ. Protection against tuberculosis achieved by dissolving microneedle patches loaded with live Mycobacterium paragordonae in a BCG prime-boost strategy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178688. [PMID: 37398665 PMCID: PMC10312308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin vaccination using dissolving microneedle patch (MNP) technology for transdermal delivery is a promising vaccine delivery strategy to overcome the limitations of the existing vaccine administration strategies using syringes. To improve the traditional microneedle mold fabrication technique, we introduced droplet extension (DEN) to reduce drug loss. Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide, and BCG revaccination had failed to increase the protective efficacy against tuberculosis. We developed an MNP with live Mycobacterium paragordonae (Mpg) (Mpg-MNP) as a candidate of tuberculosis booster vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost strategy to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy. Materials and methods The MNPs were fabricated by the DEN method on a polyvinyl alcohol mask film and hydrocolloid-adhesive sheet with microneedles composed of a mixture of mycobacteria and hyaluronic acid. We assessed the transdermal delivery efficiency by comparing the activation of the dermal immune system with that of subcutaneous injection. A BCG prime Mpg-MNP boost regimen was administered to a mouse model to evaluate the protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis. Results We demonstrated the successful transdermal delivery achieved by Mpg-MNP compared with that observed with BCG-MNP or subcutaneous vaccination via an increased abundance of MHCII-expressing Langerin+ cells within the dermis that could migrate into draining lymph nodes to induce T-cell activation. In a BCG prime-boost regimen, Mpg-MNP was more protective than BCG-only immunization or BCG-MNP boost, resulting in a lower bacterial burden in the lungs of mice infected with virulent M. tuberculosis. Mpg-MNP-boosted mice showed higher serum levels of IgG than BCG-MNP-boosted mice. Furthermore, Ag85B-specific T-cells were activated after BCG priming and Mpg-MNP boost, indicating increased production of Th1-related cytokines in response to M. tuberculosis challenge, which is correlated with enhanced protective efficacy. Discussion The MNP fabricated by the DEN method maintained the viability of Mpg and achieved effective release in the dermis. Our data demonstrate a potential application of Mpg-MNP as a booster vaccine to enhance the efficacy of BCG vaccination against M. tuberculosis. This study produced the first MNP loaded with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) to be used as a heterologous booster vaccine with verified protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Su Lee
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeop Shin
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Jin
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Jeong
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lamrayah M, Phelip C, Rovera R, Coiffier C, Lazhar N, Bartolomei F, Colomb E, Verrier B, Monge C, Richard S. Poloxamers Have Vaccine-Adjuvant Properties by Increasing Dissemination of Particulate Antigen at Distant Lymph Nodes. Molecules 2023; 28:4778. [PMID: 37375333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine technology is still facing challenges regarding some infectious diseases, which can be addressed by innovative drug delivery systems. In particular, nanoparticle-based vaccines combined with new types of adjuvants are actively explored as a platform for improving the efficacy and durability of immune protection. Here, biodegradable nanoparticles carrying an antigenic model of HIV were formulated with two combinations of poloxamers, 188/407, presenting or not presenting gelling properties, respectively. The study aimed to determine the influence of poloxamers (as a thermosensitive hydrogel or a liquid solution) on the adaptive immune response in mice. The results showed that poloxamer-based formulations were physically stable and did not induce any toxicity using a mouse dendritic cell line. Then, whole-body biodistribution studies using a fluorescent formulation highlighted that the presence of poloxamers influenced positively the dissemination profile by dragging nanoparticles through the lymphatic system until the draining and distant lymph nodes. The strong induction of specific IgG and germinal centers in distant lymph nodes in presence of poloxamers suggested that such adjuvants are promising components in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lamrayah
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Capucine Phelip
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Coiffier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Nora Lazhar
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Bartolomei
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Evelyne Colomb
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Monge
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Richard
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305, CNRS/Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
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23
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Vázquez ME, Mesías AC, Acuña L, Spangler J, Zabala B, Parodi C, Thakur M, Oh E, Walper SA, Brandán CP. Exploring the performance of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles as a tool for vaccine development against Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220263. [PMID: 37222309 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine development is a laborious craftwork in which at least two main components must be defined: a highly immunogenic antigen and a suitable delivery method. Hence, the interplay of these elements could elicit the required immune response to cope with the targeted pathogen with a long-lasting protective capacity. OBJECTIVES Here we evaluate the properties of Escherichia coli spherical proteoliposomes - known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) - as particles with natural adjuvant capacities and as antigen-carrier structures to assemble an innovative prophylactic vaccine for Chagas disease. METHODS To achieve this, genetic manipulation was carried out on E. coli using an engineered plasmid containing the Tc24 Trypanosoma cruzi antigen. The goal was to induce the release of OMVs displaying the parasite protein on their surface. FINDINGS As a proof of principle, we observed that native OMVs - as well as those carrying the T. cruzi antigen - were able to trigger a slight, but functional humoral response at low immunization doses. Of note, compared to the non-immunized group, native OMVs-vaccinated animals survived the lethal challenge and showed minor parasitemia values, suggesting a possible involvement of innate trained immunity mechanism. MAIN CONCLUSION These results open the range for further research on the design of new carrier strategies focused on innate immunity activation as an additional immunization target and venture to seek for alternative forms in which OMVs could be used for optimizing vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Vázquez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cecilia Mesías
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Acuña
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Joseph Spangler
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Brenda Zabala
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Parodi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Meghna Thakur
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Optical Science Division, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Scott Allan Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
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24
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Weber ND, Odriozola L, Ros-Gañán I, García-Porrero G, Salas D, Argemi J, Combal JP, Kishimoto TK, González-Aseguinolaza G. Rescue of infant progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 mice by repeated dosing of AAV gene therapy. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100713. [PMID: 37096142 PMCID: PMC10121466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector carrying multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3) coding sequence (AAV8-MDR3) represents a potential curative treatment for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), which presents in early childhood. However, patients with the severest form of PFIC3 should receive treatment early after detection to prevent irreversible hepatic fibrosis leading ultimately to liver transplantation or death. This represents a challenge for rAAV-based gene therapy because therapeutic efficacy is expected to wane as rAAV genomes are lost owing to hepatocyte division, and the formation of AAV-specific neutralising antibodies precludes re-administration. Here, we tested a strategy of vector re-administration in infant PFIC3 mice with careful evaluation of its oncogenicity - a particular concern surrounding rAAV treatment. Methods AAV8-MDR3 was re-administered to infant Abcb4 -/- mice 2 weeks after a first dose co-administered with tolerogenic nanoparticles carrying rapamycin (ImmTOR) given at 2 weeks of age. Eight months later, long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed with special attention paid to the potential oncogenicity of rAAV treatment. Results Co-administration with ImmTOR mitigated the formation of rAAV-specific neutralising antibodies and enabled an efficacious second administration of AAV8-MDR3, resulting in stable correction of the disease phenotype, including a restoration of bile phospholipid content and healthy liver function, as well as the prevention of liver fibrosis, hepatosplenomegaly, and gallstones. Furthermore, efficacious repeat rAAV administration prevented the appearance of liver malignancies in an animal model highly prone to developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions These outcomes provide strong evidence for rAAV redosing through co-administration with ImmTOR, as it resulted in a long-term therapeutic effect in a paediatric liver metabolic disorder, including the prevention of oncogenesis. Impact and implications Redosing of gene therapy for inborn hepatobiliary disorders may be essential as effect wanes during hepatocyte division and renewal, particularly in paediatric patients, but the approach may carry long-term risks of liver cancer. Viral vectors carrying a therapeutic gene exerted a durable cure of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 in infant mice and reduced the risk of liver cancer only following a second administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Weber
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L., Pamplona, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Address: Vivet Therapeutics S.L., Av. Pio XII, 33, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Tel.: +34-948-194700 x816022.
| | - Leticia Odriozola
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - David Salas
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Hepatology Program, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER-Ehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Vivet Therapeutics S.L., Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Address: Vivet Therapeutics S.L., Av. Pio XII, 33, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Tel.: +34-948-194700 x816022.
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25
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De Luca R, Pollicino P, Rifici C, Mondo N, Iorio S, Cassaniti A, Ferrara D, Caminiti A, Famà F, Bonanno M, Calabrò RS. Psycho-Emotional Well-Being in Caregivers of People with Acquired Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study on the Human Immersion Model during the Omicron Wave. Clin Pract 2023; 13:487-496. [PMID: 37530721 PMCID: PMC10137299 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a "human immersion model" (HIM) in improving psychological well-being in caregivers of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the Omicron wave in Italy. Fifteen subjects affected by ABI, who attended our intensive neurorehabilitation unit from January to March 2022 and their caregivers were submitted to the HIM. This novel approach consisted of "real" long-lasting meetings between the patients and their careers in a hospital setting (1-72 h meeting per week for 8 weeks). Each ABI caregiver was assessed through the administration of a short psychometric battery before starting the first immersion session with their family member and at the end of the HIM. We found significant changes in the caregivers' scores analyzed for anxiety, as per SAS (p < 0.0007, d = 1.02), burden and stress (ZBI-22; p < 0.001, d = 0.65), and emotive intelligence (TEIQue-SF; p < 0.0007, d = 0.82). Our data suggest that the HIM may be useful to promote ABI caregivers' psycho-emotional well-being in the context of critical periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria De Luca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Rifici
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Natale Mondo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Iorio
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Caminiti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Famà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital "G. Martino", 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirjam Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", 98123 Messina, Italy
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26
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Liu J, Lu X, Li X, Huang W, Fang E, Li W, Liu X, Liu M, Li J, Li M, Zhang Z, Song H, Ying B, Li Y. Construction and immunogenicity of an mRNA vaccine against chikungunya virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129118. [PMID: 37006310 PMCID: PMC10050897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) has spread to more than 100 countries worldwide, with frequent outbreaks in Europe and the Americas in recent years. Despite the relatively low lethality of infection, patients can suffer from long-term sequelae. Until now, no available vaccines have been approved for use; however, increasing attention is being paid to the development of vaccines against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and the World Health Organization has included vaccine development in the initial blueprint deliverables. Here, we developed an mRNA vaccine using the nucleotide sequence encoding structural proteins of CHIKV. And immunogenicity was evaluated by neutralization assay, Enzyme-linked immunospot assay and Intracellular cytokine staining. The results showed that the encoded proteins elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody titers and T cell-mediated cellular immune responses in mice. Moreover, compared with the wild-type vaccine, the codon-optimized vaccine elicited robust CD8+ T-cell responses and mild neutralizing antibody titers. In addition, higher levels of neutralizing antibody titers and T-cell immune responses were obtained using a homologous booster mRNA vaccine regimen of three different homologous or heterologous booster immunization strategies. Thus, this study provides assessment data to develop vaccine candidates and explore the effectiveness of the prime-boost approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xishan Lu
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Enyue Fang
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Minglei Liu
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Ying
- Department of Preclinical Vaccine Research, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhua Li, ; Bo Ying,
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Arboviral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhua Li, ; Bo Ying,
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Dagenais A, Villalba-Guerrero C, Olivier M. Trained immunity: A “new” weapon in the fight against infectious diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147476. [PMID: 36993966 PMCID: PMC10040606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells can potentiate the response to reinfection through an innate form of immunological memory known as trained immunity. The potential of this fast-acting, nonspecific memory compared to traditional adaptive immunological memory in prophylaxis and therapy has been a topic of great interest in many fields, including infectious diseases. Amidst the rise of antimicrobial resistance and climate change—two major threats to global health—, harnessing the advantages of trained immunity compared to traditional forms of prophylaxis and therapy could be game-changing. Here, we present recent works bridging trained immunity and infectious disease that raise important discoveries, questions, concerns, and novel avenues for the modulation of trained immunity in practice. By exploring the progress in bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases, we equally highlight future directions with a focus on particularly problematic and/or understudied pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dagenais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos Villalba-Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Martin Olivier,
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Immunogenicity and Safety of the Third Booster Dose with mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine after Receiving Two Doses of Inactivated or Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030553. [PMID: 36992137 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the tapering of immunity after vaccination have propelled the need for a booster dose vaccine. We aim to evaluate B and T cell immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine (100 µg) as a third booster dose after receiving either two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) or two doses of viral vector vaccine (AZD1222) in adults not previously infected with COVID-19. The anti-receptor-binding-domain IgG (anti-RBD IgG), surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against the Delta variant, and Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) level were measured at baseline, day (D)14 and D90 after vaccination. In D14 and D90, the geometric means of sVNT were significantly increased to 99.4% and 94.5% inhibition in CoronaVac, respectively, whereas AZD1222 showed inhibition of 99.1% and 93%, respectively. Anti-RBD IgG levels were 61,249 to 9235 AU/mL in CoronaVac and 38,777 to 5877 AU/mL in AZD1222 after D14 and D90 vaccination. Increasing median frequencies of S1-specific T cell response by IFN-γ concentration were also elevated in D14 and were not significantly different between CoronaVac (107.8–2035.4 mIU/mL) and AZD1222 (282.5–2001.2 mIU/mL). This study provides evidence for the high immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 booster after two doses of CoronaVac or AZD1222 in the Thai population.
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Generation of a single-cell B cell atlas of antibody repertoires and transcriptomes to identify signatures associated with antigen specificity. iScience 2023; 26:106055. [PMID: 36852274 PMCID: PMC9958373 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although new genomics-based pipelines have potential to augment antibody discovery, these methods remain in their infancy due to an incomplete understanding of the selection process that governs B cell clonal selection, expansion, and antigen specificity. Furthermore, it remains unknown how factors such as aging and reduction of tolerance influence B cell selection. Here we perform single-cell sequencing of antibody repertoires and transcriptomes of murine B cells following immunizations with a model therapeutic antigen target. We determine the relationship between antibody repertoires, gene expression signatures, and antigen specificity across 100,000 B cells. Recombinant expression and characterization of 227 monoclonal antibodies revealed the existence of clonally expanded and class-switched antigen-specific B cells that were more frequent in young mice. Although integrating multiple repertoire features such as germline gene usage and transcriptional signatures failed to distinguish antigen-specific from nonspecific B cells, other features such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtype and sequence composition correlated with antigen specificity.
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30
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Murphy DM, Cox DJ, Connolly SA, Breen EP, Brugman AA, Phelan JJ, Keane J, Basdeo SA. Trained immunity is induced in humans after immunization with an adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162581. [PMID: 36282571 PMCID: PMC9843058 DOI: 10.1172/jci162581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHeterologous effects of vaccines are mediated by "trained immunity," whereby myeloid cells are metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed, resulting in heightened responses to subsequent insults. Adenovirus vaccine vector has been reported to induce trained immunity in mice. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222), which uses an adenoviral vector, could induce trained immunity in vivo in humans.MethodsTen healthy volunteers donated blood on the day before receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and on days 14, 56, and 83 after vaccination. Monocytes were purified from PBMCs, cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry, expression of metabolic enzymes was quantified by RT-qPCR, and production of cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation ex vivo was analyzed by multiplex ELISA.ResultsMonocyte frequency and count were increased in peripheral blood up to 3 months after vaccination compared with their own prevaccine controls. Expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 was enhanced on monocytes for up to 3 months following vaccination. Moreover, monocytes had increased expression of glycolysis-associated enzymes 2 months after vaccination. Upon stimulation ex vivo with unrelated antigens, monocytes produced increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL1, and MIP-1α and decreased TNF, compared with prevaccine controls. Resting monocytes produced more IFN-γ, IL-18, and MCP-1 up to 3 months after vaccination compared with prevaccine controls.ConclusionThese data provide evidence for the induction of trained immunity following a single dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.FundingThis work was funded by the Health Research Board (EIA-2019-010) and Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnership Programme (proposal ID 20/SPP/3685).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donal J. Cox
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
| | | | - Eamon P. Breen
- Core Facilities, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - James J. Phelan
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
| | - Joseph Keane
- Tuberculosis Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, and
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31
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Tripp RA. Understanding immunity to influenza: implications for future vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:871-875. [PMID: 37794732 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2266033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza virus changes its genotype through antigenic drift or shift making it difficult to develop immunity to infection or vaccination. Zoonotic influenza A virus (IAV) strains can become established in humans. Several impediments to human infection and transmission include sialic acid expression, host anti-viral factors (including interferons), and other elements that govern viral replication. Controlling influenza infection, replication, and transmission is important because IAVs cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Effective seasonal influenza vaccines exist, but these vaccines do not fully protect against novel or pandemic strains. AREAS COVERED With new vaccine production technology, vaccines can be produced rapidly. Universal IAV vaccines are being developed to protect against seasonal, novel, and zoonotic IAVs. These efforts are being enhanced and accelerated by a better understanding the host immune response to influenza viruses. EXPERT OPINION This review discusses several implications for future influenza vaccine development. Host immune responses to influenza virus infection or vaccination can guide vaccine development as anti-influenza immunity is affected by responses influenced by the previous immune history including first and subsequent exposures to influenza virus infections and vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Tripp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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32
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Heinen N, Marheinecke CS, Bessen C, Blazquez-Navarro A, Roch T, Stervbo U, Anft M, Plaza-Sirvent C, Busse S, Klöhn M, Schrader J, Vidal Blanco E, Urlaub D, Watzl C, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Tenbusch M, Steinmann E, Todt D, Hagenbeck C, Zimmer G, Schmidt WE, Quast DR, Babel N, Schmitz I, Pfänder S. In-depth analysis of T cell immunity and antibody responses in heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccine regimens against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1062210. [PMID: 36618413 PMCID: PMC9811676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern (VOCs), vaccination studies that elucidate the efficiency and effectiveness of a vaccination campaign are critical to assess the durability and the protective immunity provided by vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been found to induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity in individuals vaccinated with homologous vaccination regimens. Recent studies also suggest improved immune response against SARS-CoV-2 when heterologous vaccination strategies are employed. Yet, few data exist on the extent to which heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccinations with two different vaccine platforms have an impact on the T cell-mediated immune responses with a special emphasis on the currently dominantly circulating Omicron strain. In this study, we collected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 57 study participants of median 35-year old's working in the health care field, who have received different vaccination regimens. Neutralization assays revealed robust but decreased neutralization of Omicron VOC, including BA.1 and BA.4/5, compared to WT SARS-CoV-2 in all vaccine groups and increased WT SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies titers in homologous mRNA prime-boost-boost study participants. By investigating cytokine production, we found that homologous and heterologous prime-boost-boost-vaccination induces a robust cytokine response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our results indicate robust humoral and T cell mediated immunity against Omicron in homologous and heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccinated study participants, which might serve as a guide for policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Heinen
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Clara Bessen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arturo Blazquez-Navarro
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Moritz Anft
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Busse
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jil Schrader
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elena Vidal Blanco
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Urlaub
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagenbeck
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Robert Quast
- Department of Medicine I, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,*Correspondence: Ingo Schmitz, ; Stephanie Pfänder,
| | - Stephanie Pfänder
- Department of Molecular & Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,*Correspondence: Ingo Schmitz, ; Stephanie Pfänder,
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Cohen G, Jungsomsri P, Sangwongwanich J, Tawinprai K, Siripongboonsitti T, Porntharukchareon T, Wittayasak K, Thonwirak N, Soonklang K, Sornsamdang G, Auewarakul C, Mahanonda N. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity after heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac and ChAdox1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2052525. [PMID: 35323079 PMCID: PMC9115782 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2052525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination with a safe and effective vaccine may be the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with the CoronaVac and AZD1222 vaccines may increase the immunogenicity elicited by either vaccine alone. This study sought to compare the immunogenicity of a heterologous CoronaVac and AZD1222 prime-boost with a homologous CoronaVac prime-boost. From July 13 to September 2, 2021, 88 participants were enrolled in the study. Half (n = 44) of the participants were assigned to the AZD1222/CoronaVac cohort and half were assigned to the CoronaVac/AZD1222 cohort. Both cohorts had a prime-boost interval of 4 weeks. A control group of 136 health care personnel who received the homologous CoronaVac/CoronaVac prime-boost was matched by age and sex to the experimental cohorts. The primary endpoint was the geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody concentration 4 weeks after the booster dose was administered. The CoronaVac/CoronaVac cohort served as the reference group. Baseline age and sex were similar, and the median age was 42.5 years. The GMR was 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–3.71) and 8.69 (95% CI 6.05–12.47) in the AZD1222/CoronaVac and CoronaVac/AZD1222 cohorts, respectively. Reactogenicity was similar following prime and booster doses with the same vaccine. Findings indicated that the heterologous CoronaVac and AZD1222 prime-boost combination elicited a more robust immune response than the homologous CoronaVac prime-boost. While both heterologous prime-boost combinations showed similar reactogenicity, the immunogenicity of the CoronaVac/AZD1222 cohort was higher, indicating that the order of prime-boost vaccine administration was important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawornrath Jungsomsri
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirath Sangwongwanich
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kasiruck Wittayasak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Thonwirak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gaidganok Sornsamdang
- Central Laboratory Center, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60th Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nithi Mahanonda
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Garcia-Dominguez D, Henry C, Ma L, Jani H, Amato NJ, Manning T, Freyn A, Davis H, Hsiao CJ, Li M, Koch H, Elbashir S, DiPiazza A, Carfi A, Edwards D, Bahl K. Altering the mRNA-1273 dosing interval impacts the kinetics, quality, and magnitude of immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948335. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For a vaccine to achieve durable immunity and optimal efficacy, many require a multi-dose primary vaccination schedule that acts to first “prime” naive immune systems and then “boost” initial immune responses by repeated immunizations (ie, prime-boost regimens). In the context of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 2-dose primary vaccination regimens were often selected with short intervals between doses to provide rapid protection while still inducing robust immunity. However, emerging post-authorization evidence has suggested that longer intervals between doses 1 and 2 for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may positively impact robustness and durability of immune responses. Here, the dosing interval for mRNA-1273, a messenger RNA based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered on a 2-dose primary schedule with 4 weeks between doses, was evaluated in mice by varying the dose interval between 1 and 8 weeks and examining immune responses through 24 weeks after dose 2. A dosing interval of 6 to 8 weeks generated the highest level of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G binding antibody titers. Differences in binding antibody titers between mRNA-1273 1 µg and 10 µg decreased over time for dosing intervals of ≥4 weeks, suggesting a potential dose-sparing effect. Longer intervals (≥4 weeks) also increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity and numbers of antibody-secreting cells (including long-lived plasma cells) after the second dose. An interval of 6 to 8 weeks elicited the strongest CD8+ T-cell responses, while an interval of 3 weeks elicited the strongest CD4+ T-cell response. Overall, these results suggest that in a non-pandemic setting, a longer interval (≥6 weeks) between the doses of the primary series for mRNA-1273 may induce more durable immune responses.
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35
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Wei Z, He J, Wang C, Bao J, Leng T, Chen F. The importance of booster vaccination in the context of Omicron wave. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977972. [PMID: 36159796 PMCID: PMC9498215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omicron (B.1.1.529) was first detected in a sample collected in Botswana on November 11, 2021, and has rapidly replaced Delta as the dominant global variant given the robust transmissibility. Moreover, it displays a lower virulence than other variants. However, the pathogenicity of Omicron appears to be underestimated in view of the increasing levels of herd immunity through natural infection or vaccination. Additionally, the volume of hospitalizations and deaths increase in proportion to the number of cases due to the high transmissibility of Omicron. Therefore, vaccination remains an important public health priority. Notably, a series of important mutations in the Omicron spike protein, especially in the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain, appears to be associated with immune escape capacity, reducing the willingness of people to receive vaccines. Herein, we provide an in-depth discussion to assess the effectiveness of the second and third vaccination against Omicron variant. On the one hand, the two-dose vaccination program adopted by many countries is insufficient to prevent Omicron infection given the mutations correlated with immune escape and the decline in vaccine efficacy over time. On the other hand, booster dose significantly increases the protective efficacy against Omicron infection. Most importantly, heterologous third dose vaccination induces a more robust immune response than homologous booster dose. Therefore, under the special background of this pandemic, there is an urgent need to accelerate the third dose of vaccination, especially providing better booster vaccination strategies, to combat emerging Omicron variant.
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36
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Li X, Wichai N, Wang J, Liu X, Yan H, Wang Y, Luo M, Zhou S, Wang K, Li L, Miao L. Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity using herbal medicine: benefits for the COVID-19 vaccination. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:196-206. [PMID: 37808346 PMCID: PMC9746255 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a major achievement that has become an effective prevention strategy against infectious diseases and active control of emerging pathogens worldwide. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several diverse vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been developed and deployed for use in a large number of individuals, and have been reported to protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, the application of vaccines has a series of limitations, including protective failure for variants of concern, unavailability of individuals due to immune deficiency, and the disappearance of immune protection for increasing infections in vaccinated individuals. These aspects raise the question of how to modulate the immune system that contributes to the COVID-19 vaccine protective effects. Herbal medicines are widely used for their immune regulatory abilities in clinics. More attractively, herbal medicines have been well accepted for their positive role in the COVID-19 prevention and suppression through regulation of the immune system. This review presents a brief overview of the strategy of COVID-19 vaccination and the response of the immune system to vaccines, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine in immune-related macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes T and B cells, and how they help vaccines work. Later in the article, the potential role and application of herbal medicines in the most recent COVID-19 vaccination are discussed. This article provides new insights into herbal medicines as promising alternative supplements that may benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nuttapong Wichai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingchi Luo
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Bigay J, Le Grand R, Martinon F, Maisonnasse P. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease in humans and animal models: Lessons and challenges for vaccine development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932408. [PMID: 36033843 PMCID: PMC9399815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases calls for the development of safe and effective vaccines that generate long-lasting protective immunity. In a few situations, vaccine-mediated immune responses may have led to exacerbated pathology upon subsequent infection with the pathogen targeted by the vaccine. Such vaccine-associated enhanced disease (VAED) has been reported, or at least suspected, in animal models, and in a few instances in humans, for vaccine candidates against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus (MV), dengue virus (DENV), HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although alleviated by clinical and epidemiological evidence, a number of concerns were also initially raised concerning the short- and long-term safety of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon are not yet completely understood, the individual and/or collective role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), complement-dependent enhancement, and cell-dependent enhancement have been highlighted. Here, we review mechanisms that may be associated with the risk of VAED, which are important to take into consideration, both in the assessment of vaccine safety and in finding ways to define models and immunization strategies that can alleviate such concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Martinon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud-INSERM U1184, CEA, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Khan MS, Kim E, McPherson A, Weisel FJ, Huang S, Kenniston TW, Percivalle E, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Meisel M, Gambotto A. Adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine expressing S1-N fusion protein. Antib Ther 2022; 5:177-191. [PMID: 35967905 PMCID: PMC9372896 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Additional COVID-19 vaccines that are safe and immunogenic are needed for global vaccine equity. Here, we developed a recombinant type 5 adenovirus vector encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen and nucleocapsid as a fusion protein (Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1N). A single subcutaneous immunization with Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1N induced a similar humoral response, along with a significantly higher S1-specific cellular response, as a recombinant type 5 adenovirus vector encoding for S1 alone (Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1). Immunogenicity was improved by homologous prime-boost vaccination, and further improved through intramuscular heterologous prime-boost vaccination using subunit recombinant S1 protein. Priming with low dose (1 × 1010 v.p.) of Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1N and boosting with either wild-type recombinant rS1 or B.1.351 recombinant rS1 induced a robust neutralizing response, which was sustained against Beta and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants. This novel Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate showed promising immunogenicity in mice and supports the further development of COVID-19-based vaccines incorporating the nucleoprotein as a target antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alex McPherson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Florian J Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Thomas W Kenniston
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Poh XY, Lee IR, Lim C, Teo J, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Lin RJH, Ng LFP, Ren EC, Lin RTP, Wang LF, Renia L, Lye DC, Young BE. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine combinations in healthy individuals: study protocol for a randomized, subject-blinded, controlled phase 3 trial [PRIBIVAC]. Trials 2022; 23:498. [PMID: 35710572 PMCID: PMC9201789 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 2021, COVID-19 vaccination programs worldwide focused on raising population immunity through the primary COVID-19 vaccine series. In Singapore, two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac are currently authorized under the National Vaccination Programme for use as the primary vaccination series. More than 90% of the Singapore population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine as of December 2021. With the demonstration that vaccine effectiveness wanes in the months after vaccination, and the emergence of Omicron which evades host immunity from prior infection and/or vaccination, attention in many countries has shifted to how best to maintain immunity through booster vaccinations. METHODS The objectives of this phase 3, randomized, subject-blinded, controlled clinical trial are to assess the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine regimens (intervention groups 1-4) compared with a homologous boost regimen (control arm) in up to 600 adult volunteers. As non-mRNA vaccine candidates may enter the study at different time points depending on vaccine availability and local regulatory approval, participants will be randomized at equal probability to the available intervention arms at the time of randomization. Eligible participants will have received two doses of a homologous mRNA vaccine series with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 at least 6 months prior to enrolment. Participants will be excluded if they have a history of confirmed SARS or SARS-CoV-2 infection, are immunocompromised, or are pregnant. Participants will be monitored for adverse events and serious adverse events by physical examinations, laboratory tests and self-reporting. Blood samples will be collected at serial time points [pre-vaccination/screening (day - 14 to day 0), day 7, day 28, day 180, day 360 post-vaccination] for assessment of antibody and cellular immune parameters. Primary endpoint is the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulins at day 28 post-booster and will be measured against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Comprehensive immune profiling of the humoral and cellular immune response to vaccination will be performed. DISCUSSION This study will provide necessary data to understand the quantity, quality, and persistence of the immune response to a homologous and heterologous third booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. This is an important step in developing COVID-19 vaccination programs beyond the primary series. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05142319 . Registered on 2 Dec 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ying Poh
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I Russel Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jefanie Teo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ray J H Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Lab, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang X, Sang S, Guan Q, Tao H, Wang Y, Liu C. Oral Administration of a Shigella 2aT32-Based Vaccine Expressing UreB-HspA Fusion Antigen With and Without Parenteral rUreB-HspA Boost Confers Protection Against Helicobacter pylori in Mice Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894206. [PMID: 35769459 PMCID: PMC9234132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen classified as a class I carcinogen. The H. pylori urease B subunit (UreB) and heat shock protein A (HspA) are two important vaccine candidate antigens. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect of the attenuated Shigella vector vaccine SH02 expressing the UreB-HspA fusion protein of H. pylori in a mouse model. Oral SH02 with or without subcutaneous injection of rUreB-HspA induced antigen-specific serum IgG, mucosal sIgA, and T cells immune response. Subcutaneous injection of the candidate antigen rUreB-HspA enhanced the level of serum antigen-specific IgG antibodies (p < 0.0001) and the levels of IgG1/IgG2a/IgG2b subtypes. In addition, injection boost also increased the proportion of spleen antigen-specific CD4+CD154+ T cells (p < 0.001), and the proportion of CD4+CD154+ T cells that secrete IFN-γ and IL-17A. Following the H. pylori challenge, the levels of H. pylori colonization in the two experimental groups (Groups A and B) significantly reduced compared with the control group (p < 0.001), indicating that the candidate vaccine yielded a preventive effect of anti-H.pylori infection. Compared with the non-subcutaneous booster injection group (Group A), the subcutaneous booster injection group (Group B) exhibited less gastric inflammation, but there was no significant difference in the level of colonization (p > 0.05). These results lay a foundation for the development of a vaccine against H. pylori and the optimization of immunization methods and procedures to prevent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Liu, ; Yanchun Wang,
| | - Chunjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Liu, ; Yanchun Wang,
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Vaccination for the Prevention of Infection among Immunocompromised Patients: A Concise Review of Recent Systematic Reviews. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050800. [PMID: 35632555 PMCID: PMC9144891 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial for avoiding infection-associated morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. However, immunocompromised patients respond less well to vaccinations compared to healthy people, and little is known about the relative efficacy of various vaccines among different immunocompromised states. A total of 54 systematic reviews (22 COVID-19; 32 non-COVID-19) published within the last 5 years in Pubmed® were reviewed. They demonstrated similar patterns within three seroconversion response categories: good (about >60% when compared to healthy controls), intermediate (~40−60%), and poor (about <40%). Good vaccine responses would be expected for patients with chronic kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection (normal CD4 counts), immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, post-splenectomy states, and solid tumors. Intermediate vaccine responses would be expected for patients with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 therapy, hematologic cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (low CD4 counts). Poor vaccine responses would be expected for patients with B-cell-depleting agents (e.g., anti-CD20 therapy), hematopoietic stem-cell transplant, solid organ transplant, and liver cirrhosis. For all vaccine response categories, vaccination should be timed when patients are least immunosuppressed. For the intermediate and poor vaccine response categories, high-dose vaccine, revaccination when patients are less immunosuppressed, checking for seroconversion, additional booster doses, and long-acting monoclonal antibodies may be considered, supplemented by shielding measures.
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Cheng H, Peng Z, Si S, Alifu X, Zhou H, Chi P, Zhuang Y, Mo M, Yu Y. Immunogenicity and Safety of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization with COVID-19 Vaccine: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:798. [PMID: 35632554 PMCID: PMC9142990 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prime-boost strategy of COVID-19 vaccines brings hope to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while the immunogenicity of the vaccines is waning over time. Whether a booster dose of vaccine is needed has become a widely controversial issue. However, no published meta-analysis has focused on the issue. Therefore, this study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the different combinations of prime-boost vaccinations. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, medRxiv, Wanfang and CNKI were used to retrieve the original studies. A total of 28 studies, 9 combinations of prime-boost vaccinations and 5870 subjects were included in the meta-analysis, and random effect models were used to estimate pooled immunogenicity and safety. The immunity against COVID-19 after the prime vaccination waned over time, especially in the populations primed with inactivated vaccines, in which the seropositive rate of antibodies was only 28% (95% CI: 17-40%). Booster vaccination could significantly increase the antibody responses, and heterologous immunization was more effective than homologous immunization (neutralization titers: 1.65 vs. 1.27; anti-RBD IgG: 1.85 vs. 1.15); in particular, the combination of inactivated-mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody responses (neutralization titers: MRAW = 3.64, 95% CI: 3.54-3.74; anti-RBD IgG: 3.73, 95% CI: 3.59-3.87). Moreover, compared with the initial two doses of vaccines, a booster dose did not induce additional or severe adverse events. The administration of the booster dose effectively recalled specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and increased antibody levels, especially in heterologous immunization. Considering the long-term immunogenicity and vaccine equity, we suggest that now, only individuals primed with inactivated vaccines require a booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuting Si
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xialidan Alifu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peihan Chi
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Minjia Mo
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (H.C.); (Z.P.); (S.S.); (X.A.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Tian S, Guo Y, Fu J, Li Z, Li J, Tian X. Prognostic Value of Immunotyping Combined with Targeted Therapy in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Establishment of Nomogram Model. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3049619. [PMID: 35607647 PMCID: PMC9124071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3049619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze non-small-cell lung cancer gene chip data, screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), explore biomarkers related to NSCLC prognosis, provide new targets for the treatment of NSCLC, and build immunotyping and line-map model. Methods NSCLC-related gene chip data were downloaded from the GEO database, and the common DEGs of the two datasets were screened by using the GEO2R tool and FunRich 3.1.3 software. DAVID database was used for GO analysis and KEGG analysis of DEGs, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software, and the top 20 hub genes were analyzed and screened out. The expression of pivot genes and their relationship with prognosis were verified by multiple external databases. Results 159 common DEGs were screened from the two datasets. PPI network was constructed and analyzed, and the genes with the top 20 connectivity were selected as the pivotal genes of this study. The results of survival analysis and the patients' survival curve was reflected in the line graph model of NSCLC. Conclusion Through the screening and identification of the VIM-AS1 gene, as well as the analysis of immune infiltration and immune typing, the successful establishment of the rosette model has a certain guiding value for the molecular targeted therapy of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yinmei Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiajun Fu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Di Genaro MS, Kalergis AM. Trained Immunity Contribution to Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868343. [PMID: 35464438 PMCID: PMC9028757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response toward self-antigens characterizes autoimmune and autoinflammatory (AIF) disorders. Autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases, while autoinflammation results from a hyper-functional innate immune system. Aside from their differences, many studies suggest that monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Ma) significantly contribute to the development of both types of disease. Mo/Ma are innate immune cells that promote an immune-modulatory, pro-inflammatory, or repair response depending on the microenvironment. However, understanding the contribution of these cells to different immune disorders has been difficult due to their high functional and phenotypic plasticity. Several factors can influence the function of Mo/Ma under the landscape of autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, or infections. For instance, some vaccines and microorganisms can induce epigenetic changes in Mo/Ma, modifying their functional responses. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity. Trained immunity can be mediated by Mo/Ma and NK cells independently of T and B cell function. It is defined as the altered innate immune response to the same or different microorganisms during a second encounter. The improvement in cell function is related to epigenetic and metabolic changes that modify gene expression. Although the benefits of immune training have been highlighted in a vaccination context, the effects of this type of immune response on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation still remain controversial. Induction of trained immunity reprograms cellular metabolism in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), transmitting a memory-like phenotype to the cells. Thus, trained Mo/Ma derived from HSCs typically present a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, which leads to the modification of the chromatin architecture. During trained immunity, the epigenetic changes facilitate the specific gene expression after secondary challenge with other stimuli. Consequently, the enhanced pro-inflammatory response could contribute to developing or maintaining autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. However, the prediction of the outcome is not simple, and other studies propose that trained immunity can induce a beneficial response both in AIF and autoimmune conditions by inducing anti-inflammatory responses. This article describes the metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in trained immunity that affect Mo/Ma, contraposing the controversial evidence on how it may impact autoimmune/autoinflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C. Funes
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariana Rios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María S. Di Genaro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alexis M. Kalergis,
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[Vaccinations for the immunologic memory-Repeatedly or once only?]. Internist (Berl) 2022; 63:476-483. [PMID: 35376975 PMCID: PMC8978485 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dank der Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffen sind einige besonders bedrohliche Infektionskrankheiten selten geworden. Allerdings sind Impfstoffe inzwischen Opfer ihres eigenen Erfolgs. Aufgrund unzureichender Zustimmung und unzureichender Impfquoten besteht die Gefahr, dass die Wirksamkeit von Impfungen als Präventionsmaßnahme immer mehr schwindet. Im Jahr 2019 stufte die Weltgesundheitsorganisation daher Zweifel an der Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffen als eine der zehn größten Gesundheitsgefahren weltweit ein. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf wichtige Fragen zu Impfungen und Impfstoffen sowie zu ihren Wirkungen im Wechselspiel mit dem Immunsystem eingegangen. Behandelt werden folgende Themen: Vergleich der natürlichen und der durch Impfung erworbenen Immunität; Faktoren, die eine Auffrischungsimpfung erforderlich machen; Rolle der Herdenimmunität; Voraussetzungen für das Gelingen einer Erkrankungseradikation; Einfluss verschiedener T‑Zellen auf die Impfwirkung; Rolle des Immungedächtnisses; Faktoren, die den Impfschutz beeinflussen; Impfungen bei Immundefizienz; Potenzial und Einsatzbereiche der passiven Immunisierung. Im Angesicht der Coronapandemie und der laufenden Impfkampagne ist zu hoffen, dass eine allgemeine Renaissance der Impfungen gegen Infektionskrankheiten einsetzt.
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Oriol-Tordera B, Esteve-Codina A, Berdasco M, Rosás-Umbert M, Gonçalves E, Duran-Castells C, Català-Moll F, Llano A, Cedeño S, Puertas MC, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS, Clotet B, Martínez-Picado J, Hanke T, Combadiere B, Paredes R, Hartigan-O'Connor D, Esteller M, Meulbroek M, Calle ML, Sanchez-Pla A, Moltó J, Mothe B, Brander C, Ruiz-Riol M. Epigenetic landscape in the kick-and-kill therapeutic vaccine BCN02 clinical trial is associated with antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) outcome. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103956. [PMID: 35325780 PMCID: PMC8938861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BCN02-trial combined therapeutic vaccination with a viral latency reversing agent (romidepsin, RMD) in HIV-1-infected individuals and included a monitored antiretroviral pause (MAP) as an efficacy read-out identifying individuals with an early or late (< or > 4weeks) viral-rebound. Integrated -omics analyses were applied prior treatment interruption to identify markers of virus control during MAP. METHODS PBMC, whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptomics were assessed in 14 BCN02 participants, including 8 Early and 4 Late viral-rebound individuals. Chromatin state, histone marks and integration analysis (histone-3 acetylation (H3Ac), viral load, proviral levels and HIV-specific T cells responses) were included. REDUC-trial samples (n = 5) were included as a control group for RMD administration alone. FINDINGS DNA methylation imprints after receiving the complete intervention discriminated Early versus Late viral-rebound individuals before MAP. Also, differential chromatin accessibility and histone marks at DNA methylation level were detected. Importantly, the differential DNA methylation positions (DMPs) between Early and Late rebounders before MAP were strongly associated with viral load, proviral levels as well as the HIV-specific T-cell responses. Most of these DMPs were already present prior to the intervention and accentuated after RMD infusion. INTERPRETATION This study identifies host DNA methylation profiles and epigenetic cascades that are predictive of subsequent virus control in a kick-and-kill HIV cure strategy. FUNDING European Union Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under Grant Agreement N°681137-EAVI2020 and N°847943-MISTRAL, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2017_89726_R), and the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Program Grant P01-AI131568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oriol-Tordera
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona Science Park - Tower I, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Vinguda de la Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain; Epigenetic Therapies Group, Experimental and Clinical Hematology Program (PHEC), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Ctra de Can Ruti - Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Míriam Rosás-Umbert
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, East Jutland, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Elena Gonçalves
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Sorbonne Université, Bd de l'Hôpital 91, Paris, Île de France 75013, France
| | - Clara Duran-Castells
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Av. de Can Domènech 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Francesc Català-Moll
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Maria C Puertas
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, East Jutland, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, East Jutland, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra del Canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Carrer Miquel Martí i Pol, 1, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Carrer Miquel Martí i Pol, 1, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK; Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto City, Chuo-ku 860-0811, Japan
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Sorbonne Université, Bd de l'Hôpital 91, Paris, Île de France 75013, France
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra del Canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Carrer Miquel Martí i Pol, 1, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain
| | - Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Veterinary Medicine 3A, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBCL), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Ctra de Can Ruti - Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Michael Meulbroek
- Projecte dels NOMS-Hispanosida, BCN Checkpoint, Carrer del Comte Borrell, 164-166, Barcelona 08015, Spain
| | - María Luz Calle
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13 - Torre dels Frares, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain
| | - Alex Sanchez-Pla
- Statistics Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - José Moltó
- CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra del Canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain; Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra del Canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Carrer Miquel Martí i Pol, 1, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Carrer Miquel Martí i Pol, 1, Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Riol
- IrsiCaixa, AIDS Research Institute, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 2nd floor, Ctra del canyet s/n, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
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Nanthapisal S, Puthanakit T, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Nantanee R, Sodsai P, Himananto O, Sophonphan J, Suchartlikitwong P, Hiransuthikul N, Angkasekwinai P, Tangsathapornpong A, Hirankarn N. A randomized clinical trial of a booster dose with low versus standard dose of AZD1222 in adult after 2 doses of inactivated vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:2551-2560. [PMID: 35341647 PMCID: PMC8947780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has waning antibody over time. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, which requires higher neutralizing antibody to prevent infection, a booster dose is needed. Objective To evaluate immunogenicity and reactogenicity of standard- versus low-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine booster after CoronaVac in healthy adults. Methods A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of adult, aged 18–59 years, with completion of 2-dose CoronaVac at 21–28 days apart for more than 2 months was conducted. Participants were randomized to receive AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) intramuscularly; standard dose (SD, 5x1010 viral particles) or low dose (LD, 2.5x1010 viral particles). Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against wild type and delta variant, and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) were compared as geometric mean ratio (GMR) at day 14 and 90 between LD and SD arms. Results From July-August 2021, 422 adults with median age of 44 (IQR 36–51) years were enrolled. The median interval from CoronaVac to AZD1222 booster was 77 (IQR 64–95) days. At baseline, geometric means (GMs) of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG were 18.1%inhibition (95% CI 16.4–20.0) and 111.5 (105.1–118.3) BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in SD were 95.6%inhibition (95% CI 94.3–97.0) and 1975.1 (1841.7–2118.2) BAU/ml at day 14, and 89.4%inhibition (86.4–92.4) and 938.6 (859.9–1024.4) BAU/ml at day 90, respectively. GMRs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in LD compared to SD were 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.02) and 0.84 (0.76–0.93) at day 14, and 0.98 (0.94–1.03) and 0.89 (0.79–1.00) at day 90, respectively. LD recipients had significantly lower rate of fever (6.8% vs 25.0%) and myalgia (51.9% vs 70.7%) compared to SD. Conclusion Half-dose AZD1222 booster after 2-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had non-inferior immunogenicity, yet lower systemic reactogenicity. Fractional low-dose AZD1222 booster should be considered especially in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira Nanthapisal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Peera Jaru-Ampornpan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Rapisa Nantanee
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Himananto
- Monoclonal Antibody Production and Application Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pintip Suchartlikitwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narin Hiransuthikul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Auchara Tangsathapornpong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Haghdoust S, Noroozbeygi M, Hajimollahoseini M, Masooleh MM, Yeganeh F. A candidate vaccine composed of live nonpathogenic Iranian Lizard Leishmania mixed with Chitin microparticles protects mice against Leishmania major infection. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106298. [PMID: 34971566 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective effect of immunization using Iranian Lizard Leishmania (ILL) mixed with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) was demonstrated in a previous study. Here, we report the effect of leishmanization using ILL mixed with chitin microparticles (CMPs) as an adjuvant against L. major infection in BALB/c mice. METHODS Briefly, 2 × 107 live ILL were mixed with 10 µg CMPs (<40 μm in size) (ILL+CMP) and were injected subcutaneously into the right footpad of BALB/c mice. Three control groups were included in the study and received ILL, chitin, and PBS respectively. Three weeks later, mice were challenged with 2 × 105 live L. majorEGFP promastigotes, which were inoculated into the left footpad. The infection course was monitored using footpad swelling measurement and in vivo imaging. Eleven weeks after the challenge, all mice were sacrificed and parasite burden was measured in the spleen and the draining lymph node using three different methods including real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and direct fluorescent microscopy. In addition, cytokines levels (IFN-γ and IL-10), and nitric oxide production were assayed in splenocytes. RESULTS Mice immunized with ILL+CMP had a smaller footpad diameter in comparison to control groups and notably, no lesion was developed at the inoculation site. Additionally, in vivo imaging study revealed that there was no detectable fluorescence in the ILL+CMP group footpad by the end of the tenth week. This finding was confirmed by three methods used for parasite burden assays. Moreover, higher IFN-γ level was observed in mice immunized with ILL+CMP in comparison with other groups. On the other hand, nitric oxide concentration was higher in the ILL control group. CONCLUSION ILL mixed with chitin microparticles is an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. This vaccine is able to induce an adequate immune response to decrease the parasite burden and prevent lesion formation. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-lasting immunity, especially in experimental outbreed models.
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Feraoun Y, Palgen JL, Joly C, Tchitchek N, Marcos-Lopez E, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Gallouet AS, Contreras V, Lévy Y, Martinon F, Le Grand R, Beignon AS. The Route of Vaccine Administration Determines Whether Blood Neutrophils Undergo Long-Term Phenotypic Modifications. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784813. [PMID: 35058925 PMCID: PMC8764446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity modulates adaptive immunity and defines the magnitude, quality, and longevity of antigen-specific T- and B- cell immune memory. Various vaccine and administration factors influence the immune response to vaccination, including the route of vaccine delivery. We studied the dynamics of innate cell responses in blood using a preclinical model of non-human primates immunized with a live attenuated vaccinia virus, a recombinant Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing a gag-pol-nef fusion of HIV-1, and mass cytometry. We previously showed that it induces a strong, early, and transient innate response, but also late phenotypic modifications of blood myeloid cells after two months when injected subcutaneously. Here, we show that the early innate effector cell responses and plasma inflammatory cytokine profiles differ between subcutaneous and intradermal vaccine injection. Additionally, we show that the intradermal administration fails to induce more highly activated/mature neutrophils long after immunization, in contrast to subcutaneous administration. Different batches of antibodies, staining protocols and generations of mass cytometers were used to generate the two datasets. Mass cytometry data were analyzed in parallel using the same analytical pipeline based on three successive clustering steps, including SPADE, and categorical heatmaps were compared using the Manhattan distance to measure the similarity between cell cluster phenotypes. Overall, we show that the vaccine per se is not sufficient for the late phenotypic modifications of innate myeloid cells, which are evocative of innate immune training. Its route of administration is also crucial, likely by influencing the early innate response, and systemic inflammation, and vaccine biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Feraoun
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Louis Palgen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candie Joly
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université and Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Ernesto Marcos-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris East, Créteil, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Nguyen TT, Quach THT, Tran TM, Phuoc HN, Nguyen HT, Vo TK, Vo GV. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost immunization with COVID-19 vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112650. [PMID: 35066301 PMCID: PMC8767802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present work was to assess the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens in clinical trials and observational studies. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, MedRxiv, BioRxiv databases were searched in September 29, 2021. The PRISMA instruction for systemic review was followed. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. The quality of studies was evaluated using the New Castle-Ottawa and Cochrane risk of instrument. The characteristics and study outcome (e.g., adverse events, immune response, and variant of concern) were extracted. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the final data synthesis with 5 clinical trials and 14 observational studies. Heterologous vaccine administration showed a trend toward more frequent systemic reactions. However, the total reactogenicity was tolerable and manageable. Importantly, the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens provided higher immunogenic effect either vector/ mRNA-based vaccine or vector/ inactivated vaccine in both humoral and cellular immune response. Notably, the heterologous regimens induced the potential protection against the variant of concern, even to the Delta variant. CONCLUSIONS The current findings provided evidence about the higher induction of robust immunogenicity and tolerated reactogenicity of heterologous vaccination regimens (vector-based/mRNA vaccine or vector-based/inactivated vaccine). Also, this study supports the application of heterologous regimens against COVID-19 which may provide more opportunities to speed up the global vaccination campaign and maximize the capacity to control the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Trang Ho Thu Quach
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Global Health Institute, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thanh Mai Tran
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University -Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Phuoc
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University -Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Thi Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University -Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Vietnam Sports Hospital, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University -Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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