1
|
Shafaghat Z, Ghomi AHK, Khorramdelazad H, Safari E. Purinergic signaling: decoding its role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and promising treatment strategies. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3005-3020. [PMID: 37805959 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), is complex and involves dysregulated immune responses, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Purinergic signaling, mediated by extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, has emerged as a significant player in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), released from damaged or infected cells, is a danger signal triggering immune responses. It activates immune cells, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 cases. ATP also promotes platelet activation and thrombus formation, contributing to the hypercoagulability seen in COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, adenosine, an immunosuppressive nucleoside, can impair anti-viral immune responses and promote tissue damage through its anti-inflammatory effects. Modulating purinergic receptors represents a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Understanding the role of purinergic signaling in COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing targeted therapeutic approaches can potentially improve patient outcomes. This review focuses on the part of purinergic signaling in COVID-19 pathogenesis and highlights potential therapeutic approaches targeting purinergic receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schake P, Dishnica K, Kaiser F, Leberecht C, Haupt VJ, Schroeder M. An interaction-based drug discovery screen explains known SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and predicts new compound scaffolds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9204. [PMID: 37280244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown the necessity for fast and broad drug discovery methods to enable us to react quickly to novel and highly infectious diseases. A well-known SARS-CoV-2 target is the viral main 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (Mpro), known to control coronavirus replication, which is essential for the viral life cycle. Here, we applied an interaction-based drug repositioning algorithm on all protein-compound complexes available in the protein database (PDB) to identify Mpro inhibitors and potential novel compound scaffolds against SARS-CoV-2. The screen revealed a heterogeneous set of 692 potential Mpro inhibitors containing known ones such as Dasatinib, Amodiaquine, and Flavin mononucleotide, as well as so far untested chemical scaffolds. In a follow-up evaluation, we used publicly available data published almost two years after the screen to validate our results. In total, we are able to validate 17% of the top 100 predictions with publicly available data and can furthermore show that predicted compounds do cover scaffolds that are yet not associated with Mpro. Finally, we detected a potentially important binding pattern consisting of 3 hydrogen bonds with hydrogen donors of an oxyanion hole within the active side of Mpro. Overall, these results give hope that we will be better prepared for future pandemics and that drug development will become more efficient in the upcoming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schake
- Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Schroeder
- Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Korb VG, Schultz IC, Beckenkamp LR, Wink MR. A Systematic Review of the Role of Purinergic Signalling Pathway in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097865. [PMID: 37175571 PMCID: PMC10178215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health concern. Three years since its origin, despite the approval of vaccines and specific treatments against this new coronavirus, there are still high rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality in some countries. COVID-19 is characterised by a high inflammatory state and coagulation disturbances that may be linked to purinergic signalling molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine (ADO), and purinergic receptors (P1 and P2). These nucleotides/nucleosides play important roles in cellular processes, such as immunomodulation, blood clot formation, and vasodilation, which are affected during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, drugs targeting this purinergic pathway, currently used for other pathologies, are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials for COVID-19. In this review, we focus on the potential of these drugs to control the release, degradation, and reuptake of these extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides to treat COVID-19. Drugs targeting the P1 receptors could have therapeutic efficacy due to their capacity to modulate the cytokine storm and the immune response. Those acting in P2X7, which is linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation, are also valuable candidates as they can reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, according to the available preclinical and clinical data, the most promising medications to be used for COVID-19 treatment are those that modulate platelets behaviour and blood coagulation factors, mainly through the P2Y12 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitoria Guero Korb
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Iago Carvalho Schultz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Raquel Beckenkamp
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Sala 304 Centro, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Integrated multiomics analysis to infer COVID-19 biological insights. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1802. [PMID: 36720931 PMCID: PMC9888750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three years after the pandemic, we still have an imprecise comprehension of the pathogen landscape and we are left with an urgent need for early detection methods and effective therapy for severe COVID-19 patients. The implications of infection go beyond pulmonary damage since the virus hijacks the host's cellular machinery and consumes its resources. Here, we profiled the plasma proteome and metabolome of a cohort of 57 control and severe COVID-19 cases using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We analyzed their proteome and metabolome profiles with multiple depths and methodologies as conventional single omics analysis and other multi-omics integrative methods to obtain the most comprehensive method that portrays an in-depth molecular landscape of the disease. Our findings revealed that integrating the knowledge-based and statistical-based techniques (knowledge-statistical network) outperformed other methods not only on the pathway detection level but even on the number of features detected within pathways. The versatile usage of this approach could provide us with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind any biological system and provide multi-dimensional therapeutic solutions by simultaneously targeting more than one pathogenic factor.
Collapse
|
5
|
Safety of Adenosine for the Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030969. [PMID: 36769617 PMCID: PMC9917992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with pulmonary involvement and cardiac arrhythmias, including supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Adenosine is commonly used to treat SVT and is generally safe, but is rarely associated with bronchospasm. There are no data regarding the safety of adenosine use in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and physicians may hesitate to use it in such patients. We surveyed resident physicians and cardiology attendings regarding their level of comfort in administering adenosine to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We compared a study group of 42 COVID-19 hospitalized patients who received adenosine for SVT to a matched (for age, sex, and co-morbidities) control group of 42 non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients during the same period, all of whom received IV adenosine for SVT. Escalation of care following intravenous adenosine administration was defined as increased/new pressor requirement, need for higher O2 flow rates, need for endotracheal intubation, new nebulizer therapy, or transfer to intensive care unit within 2 h of adenosine administration. Survey results showed that 82% (59/72) of residents and 62% (16/26) of cardiologists expressed hesitation/significant concerns regarding administering adenosine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Adenosine use was associated with escalation of care in 47.6% (20/42) COVID-19 as compared to 50% (21/42) non-COVID-19 patients (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.45-2.01, p = NS). Escalation of care was more likely in patients who were on higher FiO2, on prior nebulizer therapy, required supplemental oxygen, or were already on a ventilator. In conclusion, we identified significant hesitation among physicians regarding the use of adenosine for SVT in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this study, there was no evidence of increased harm from administering adenosine to patients with SVT and COVID-19. This finding needs to be confirmed in larger studies. Based on the current evidence, adenosine for treatment of SVT in this setting should not be avoided. Key Points: Question: Given the known bronchospastic effects of adenosine, is the use of adenosine safe for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19? Findings: A survey of residents and cardiology attending identified that a majority expressed some level of apprehension in using adenosine for SVT in COVID-19 patients. In our matched cohort study, we found adenosine use to be comparably safe in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Meaning: Based on current evidence, adenosine for treatment of SVT in this setting should not be avoided.
Collapse
|
6
|
Baldassarri M, Zguro K, Tomati V, Pastorino C, Fava F, Croci S, Bruttini M, Picchiotti N, Furini S, Pedemonte N, Gabbi C, Renieri A, Fallerini C. Gain- and Loss-of-Function CFTR Alleles Are Associated with COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244096. [PMID: 36552859 PMCID: PMC9776607 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriers of single pathogenic variants of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and 14-day death. The machine learning post-Mendelian model pinpointed CFTR as a bidirectional modulator of COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that the rare complex allele [G576V;R668C] is associated with a milder disease via a gain-of-function mechanism. Conversely, CFTR ultra-rare alleles with reduced function are associated with disease severity either alone (dominant disorder) or with another hypomorphic allele in the second chromosome (recessive disorder) with a global residual CFTR activity between 50 to 91%. Furthermore, we characterized novel CFTR complex alleles, including [A238V;F508del], [R74W;D1270N;V201M], [I1027T;F508del], [I506V;D1168G], and simple alleles, including R347C, F1052V, Y625N, I328V, K68E, A309D, A252T, G542*, V562I, R1066H, I506V, I807M, which lead to a reduced CFTR function and thus, to more severe COVID-19. In conclusion, CFTR genetic analysis is an important tool in identifying patients at risk of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Kristina Zguro
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomati
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Pastorino
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Picchiotti
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- University of Siena, DIISM-SAILAB, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Pedemonte
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-010-5636-3178 (N.P.); +39-0577-233303 (A.R.); Fax: +39-0577-233325 (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Gabbi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.P.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-010-5636-3178 (N.P.); +39-0577-233303 (A.R.); Fax: +39-0577-233325 (A.R.)
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitehead GS, Karcz TP, Tosh DK, Jung YH, Wen Z, Campbell RG, Gopinatth V, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Cook DN. Effects of Purinergic Receptor Deletion or Pharmacologic Modulation on Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:973-984. [PMID: 36268115 PMCID: PMC9578140 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease is associated with progressive accumulation of SARS-CoV-2-specific mRNA, which is recognized by innate immune receptors, such as TLR3. This in turn leads to dysregulated production of multiple cytokines, including IL-6, IFN-γ, CXCL1, and TNF-α. Excessive production of these cytokines leads to acute lung injury (ALI), which consequently compromises alveolar exchange of O2 and CO2. It is therefore of considerable interest to develop novel therapies that reduce pulmonary inflammation and stem production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially for COVID-19 patients that are at high risk of developing severe disease. Purinergic signaling has a central role in fine-tuning the innate immune system, with P2 (nucleotide) receptor antagonists and adenosine receptor agonists having anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, we focused here on the potential role of purinergic receptors in driving neutrophilic inflammation and cytokine production in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation. To mimic the effects of SARS-CoV-2-specific RNA accumulation in mice, we administered progressively increasing daily doses of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] into the airways of mice over the course of 1 week. Some mice also received increasing daily doses of ovalbumin to mimic virus-encoded protein accumulation. Animals receiving both poly(I:C) and ovalbumin displayed particularly high cytokine levels and neutrophilia, suggestive of both innate and antigen-specific, adaptive immune responses. The extent of these responses was diminished by genetic deletion (P2Y14R, P2X7R) or pharmacologic modulation (P2Y14R antagonists, A3AR agonists) of purinergic receptors. These results suggest that pharmacologic modulation of select purinergic receptors might be therapeutically useful in treating COVID-19 and other pulmonary infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Whitehead
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tadeusz P Karcz
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakoẃ, Poland
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Young-Hwan Jung
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhiwei Wen
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ryan G Campbell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Varun Gopinatth
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Recognition Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pietrobon AJ, Andrejew R, Custódio RWA, Oliveira LDM, Scholl JN, Teixeira FME, de Brito CA, Glaser T, Kazmierski J, Goffinet C, Turdo AC, Yendo T, Aoki V, Figueiró F, Battastini AM, Ulrich H, Benard G, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Dysfunctional purinergic signaling correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012027. [PMID: 36248842 PMCID: PMC9562777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases modulate inflammatory responses by balancing extracellular ATP and adenosine (ADO) and might be involved in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. Here, we explored the contribution of extracellular nucleotide metabolism to COVID-19 severity in mild and severe cases of the disease. We verified that the gene expression of ectonucleotidases is reduced in the whole blood of patients with COVID-19 and is negatively correlated to levels of CRP, an inflammatory marker of disease severity. In line with these findings, COVID-19 patients present higher ATP levels in plasma and reduced levels of ADO when compared to healthy controls. Cell type-specific analysis revealed higher frequencies of CD39+ T cells in severely ill patients, while CD4+ and CD8+ expressing CD73 are reduced in this same group. The frequency of B cells CD39+CD73+ is also decreased during acute COVID-19. Interestingly, B cells from COVID-19 patients showed a reduced capacity to hydrolyze ATP into ADP and ADO. Furthermore, impaired expression of ADO receptors and a compromised activation of its signaling pathway is observed in COVID-19 patients. The presence of ADO in vitro, however, suppressed inflammatory responses triggered in patients’ cells. In summary, our findings support the idea that alterations in the metabolism of extracellular purines contribute to immune dysregulation during COVID-19, possibly favoring disease severity, and suggest that ADO may be a therapeutic approach for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca Custódio
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyro Alves de Brito
- Technical Division of Medical Biology, Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Claudia Turdo
- Department and Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Yendo
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Figueiró
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Battastini
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gill Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Notomi Sato,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alegría-Arcos M, Barbosa T, Sepúlveda F, Combariza G, González J, Gil C, Martínez A, Ramírez D. Network pharmacology reveals multitarget mechanism of action of drugs to be repurposed for COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952192. [PMID: 36052135 PMCID: PMC9424758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic accelerated drug/vaccine development processes, integrating scientists all over the globe to create therapeutic alternatives against this virus. In this work, we have collected information regarding proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and humans and how these proteins interact. We have also collected information from public databases on protein–drug interactions. We represent this data as networks that allow us to gain insights into protein–protein interactions between both organisms. With the collected data, we have obtained statistical metrics of the networks. This data analysis has allowed us to find relevant information on which proteins and drugs are the most relevant from the network pharmacology perspective. This method not only allows us to focus on viral proteins as the main targets for COVID-19 but also reveals that some human proteins could be also important in drug repurposing campaigns. As a result of the analysis of the SARS-CoV-2–human interactome, we have identified some old drugs, such as disulfiram, auranofin, gefitinib, suloctidil, and bromhexine as potential therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 deciphering their potential complex mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Alegría-Arcos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tábata Barbosa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Sepúlveda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - German Combariza
- Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Matemáticas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: David Ramírez,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shivshankar P, Karmouty-Quintana H, Mills T, Doursout MF, Wang Y, Czopik AK, Evans SE, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Host Response, Immunity, and Therapeutic Targets. Inflammation 2022; 45:1430-1449. [PMID: 35320469 PMCID: PMC8940980 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global pandemic with severe socioeconomic effects. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells triggers host inflammatory pathways that lead to pathophysiological changes. Proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in alveolar epithelial cells counter barrier disruption, modulate host innate immune response to induce chemotaxis, and initiate the resolution of inflammation. Here, we discuss experimental models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, molecular pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and viral hijacking of anti-inflammatory pathways, such as delayed type-I IFN response. Mechanisms of alveolar adaptation to hypoxia, adenosinergic signaling, and regulatory microRNAs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saha T, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Das SC. Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122042. [PMID: 35868481 PMCID: PMC9296254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has outspread at full tilt across the world. Although several effective vaccines continue to be deployed, reliable antiviral treatments have yet to be developed against this disease. Currently, available therapeutics for COVID-19 include repurposed, and a few novel drugs. Many drugs have been promising in preclinical studies, but a majority of these drugs have shown little or no efficacy in clinical studies. One of the major reasons is the insufficient drug concentration in the lung, the primary target site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, from the administration of drugs through oral or intravenous routes. Higher effective doses administered through these routes could also lead to adverse side effects. For this reason, inhaled treatments are being tested as an efficient approach for COVID-19, allowing lower doses of drugs ensuring higher concentrations of the drug(s) in the lung. The inhaled treatment combining two or more antiviral drugs will increase potency and reduce the possibility of selecting for SARS-CoV-2 variants with reduced drug susceptibility. Finally, the appropriate drug combination needs to be delivered using a suitable system. Here, we review the current treatment for COVID-19 and their limitations, discussing the advantages of mono and combinational inhaled therapy with a brief outline of the recently reformulated anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents as inhaled formulations. The selection of appropriate delivery devices for inhalation and associated key considerations including the formulation challenges are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Saha
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Webster Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dorneles GP, Teixeira PC, da Silva IM, Schipper LL, Santana Filho PC, Rodrigues Junior LC, Bonorino C, Peres A, Fonseca SG, Monteiro MC, Boeck CR, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Wendland EM, Romão PRT. Alterations in CD39/CD73 axis of T cells associated with COVID-19 severity. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3394-3407. [PMID: 35754396 PMCID: PMC9349448 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling modulates immune function and is involved in the immunopathogenesis of several viral infections. This study aimed to investigate alterations in purinergic pathways in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Mild and severe COVID‐19 patients had lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine levels, and higher cytokines than healthy controls. Mild COVID‐19 patients presented lower frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD39+ (activated/memory regulatory T cell [mTreg]) and increased frequencies of high‐differentiated (CD27−CD28−) CD8+ T cells compared with healthy controls. Severe COVID‐19 patients also showed higher frequencies of CD4+CD39+, CD4+CD25−CD39+ (memory T effector cell), and high‐differentiated CD8+ T cells (CD27−CD28−), and diminished frequencies of CD4+CD73+, CD4+CD25+CD39+ mTreg cell, CD8+CD73+, and low‐differentiated CD8+ T cells (CD27+CD28+) in the blood in relation to mild COVID‐19 patients and controls. Moreover, severe COVID‐19 patients presented higher expression of PD‐1 on low‐differentiated CD8+ T cells. Both severe and mild COVID‐19 patients presented higher frequencies of CD4+Annexin‐V+ and CD8+Annexin‐V+ T cells, indicating increased T‐cell apoptosis. Plasma samples collected from severe COVID‐19 patients were able to decrease the expression of CD73 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of a healthy donor. Interestingly, the in vitro incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell from severe COVID‐19 patients with adenosine reduced the nuclear factor‐κB activation in T cells and monocytes. Together, these data add new knowledge to the COVID‐19 immunopathology through purinergic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula C Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor M da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Schipper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Rodrigues Junior
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone G Fonseca
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marta C Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carina R Boeck
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences and Health Sciences and Life, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Pharmacosciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Wendland
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nadeali Z, Mohammad-Rezaei F, Aria H, Nikpour P. Possible role of pannexin 1 channels and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic potential of targeting them in COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 297:120482. [PMID: 35288174 PMCID: PMC8915746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is pivotal for developing new effective therapeutic or preventive strategies for COVID-19. Pannexins (PANX) are ATP-release channels in the plasma membrane essential in many physiological and immune responses. Activation of pannexin channels and downstream purinergic receptors play dual roles in viral infection, either by facilitating viral replication and infection or inducing host antiviral defense. The current review provides a hypothesis demonstrating the possible contribution of the PANX1 channel and purinergic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and mechanism of action. Moreover, we discuss whether targeting these signaling pathways may provide promising preventative therapies and treatments for patients with progressive COVID-19 resulting from excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production. Several inhibitors of this pathway have been developed for the treatment of other viral infections and pathological consequences. Specific PANX1 inhibitors could be potentially included as part of the COVID-19 treatment regimen if, in future, studies demonstrate the role of PANX1 in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Of note, any ATP therapeutic modulation for COVID-19 should be carefully designed and monitored because of the complex role of extracellular ATP in cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Nadeali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad-Rezaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng H, Chen Y, Li J, Li H, Zhao X, Li J, Yang F, Li Y, Liu C, Qin L, Zuo Y, Zhang Q, He Z, Shi H, Li Q, Liu L. Longitudinal analyses reveal distinct immune response landscapes in lung and intestinal tissues from SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110864. [PMID: 35594870 PMCID: PMC9080054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological and immune response of individuals with COVID-19 display different dynamics in lung and intestine. Here, we depict the single-cell transcriptional atlas of longitudinally collected lung and intestinal tissue samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected monkeys at 3 to 10 dpi. We find that intestinal enterocytes are degraded at 3 days post-infection but recovered rapidly, revealing that infection has mild effects on the intestine. Crucially, we observe suppression of the inflammatory response and tissue damage related to B-cell and Paneth cell accumulation in the intestines, although T cells are activated in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared with that in the lung, the expression of interferon response-related genes is inhibited, and inflammatory factor secretion is reduced in the intestines. Our findings indicate an imbalance of immune dynamic in intestinal mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may underlie ongoing rectal viral shedding and mild tissue damage.
Collapse
|
15
|
High levels of extracellular ATP lead to different inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients according to the severity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:645-663. [PMID: 35249135 PMCID: PMC8898096 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Du P, Wang G, Hu T, Li H, An Z. Integration Analysis of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics to Predict Metabolic Phenotype and Drug Exposure of Remdesivir. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:779135. [PMID: 35069201 PMCID: PMC8766850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir has displayed pharmacological activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, no pharmacometabolomics (PM) or correlation analysis with pharmacokinetics (PK) was revealed. Rats were intravenously administered remdesivir, and a series of blood samples were collected before and after treatment. Comprehensive metabolomics profile and PK were investigated and quantitated simultaneously using our previous reliable HPLC-MS/MS method. Both longitudinal and transversal metabolic analyses were conducted, and the correlation between PM and PK parameters was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis and the PLS model. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed for discovering candidate biomarkers which predicted drug exposure or toxicity of remdesivir. The prominent metabolic profile variation was observed between pre- and posttreatment, and significant changes were found in 65 metabolites. A total of 15 metabolites-12 carnitines, one N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, one allantoin, and one corticosterone-were significantly correlated with the concentration of Nuc (active metabolite of remdesivir). Adenosine, spermine, guanosine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and l-homoserine may be considered potential biomarkers for predicting drug exposure or toxicity. This study is the first attempt to apply PM and PK to study remdesivir response/toxicity, and the identified candidate biomarkers might be used to predict the AUC and Cmax, indicating capability of discriminating good or poor responders. Currently, this study originally offers considerable evidence to metabolite reprogramming of remdesivir and sheds light on precision therapy development in fighting COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Department of Pharmacy/Phase I Clinical Trial and Research Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhuoling An
- Department of Pharmacy/Phase I Clinical Trial and Research Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Halpin-Veszeleiova K, Hatfield SM. Therapeutic Targeting of Hypoxia-A2-Adenosinergic Pathway in COVID-19 Patients. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:46-52. [PMID: 34486395 PMCID: PMC8742736 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-A2-adenosinergic pathway protects tissues from inflammatory damage during antipathogen immune responses. The elimination of this physiological tissue-protecting mechanism by supplemental oxygenation may contribute to the high mortality of oxygen-ventilated COVID-19 patients by exacerbating inflammatory lung damage. Restoration of this pathway with hypoxia-adenosinergic drugs may improve outcomes in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Halpin-Veszeleiova
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen M Hatfield
- New England Inflammation and Tissue Protection Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu W, Wei Z, Han C, Weng X. Nanomaterials as Promising Theranostic Tools in Nanomedicine and Their Applications in Clinical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3346. [PMID: 34947695 PMCID: PMC8707825 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been widely used in the medical field, showing great potential due to their unique physical and chemical properties including minimal size and functionalized surface characteristics. Nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively studied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that seriously threaten human life and health, and are regarded to significantly improve the disadvantages of traditional diagnosis and treatment platforms, such as poor effectiveness, low sensitivity, weak security and low economy. In this review, we report and discuss the development and application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases based mainly on published research in the last five years. We first briefly introduce the improvement of several nanomaterials in imaging diagnosis and genomic sequencing. We then focus on the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of diseases, and select three diseases that people are most concerned about and that do the most harm: tumor, COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. First, we introduce the characteristics of nanoparticles according to the excellent effect of nanoparticles as delivery carriers of anti-tumor drugs. We then review the application of various nanoparticles in tumor therapy according to the classification of nanoparticles, and emphasize the importance of functionalization of nanomaterials. Second, COVID-19 has been the hottest issue in the health field in the past two years, and nanomaterials have also appeared in the relevant treatment. We enumerate the application of nanomaterials in various stages of viral pathogenesis according to the molecular mechanism of the complete pathway of viral infection, pathogenesis and transmission, and predict the application prospect of nanomaterials in the treatment of COVID-19. Third, aiming at the most important causes of human death, we focus on atherosclerosis, aneurysms and myocardial infarction, three of the most common and most harmful cardiovascular diseases, and prove that nanomaterials could be involved in a variety of therapeutic approaches and significantly improve the therapeutic effect in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we believe nanotechnology will become more widely involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the future, potentially helping to overcome bottlenecks under existing medical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Zhanqi Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang G, Huang M, Luo Y, Liu W, Lin Q, Mao L, Wu S, Xiong Z, Hou H, Sun Z, Wang F. The Dynamic Immunological Parameter Landscape in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With Different Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697622. [PMID: 34777333 PMCID: PMC8586656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The longitudinal and systematic evaluation of immunity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is rarely reported. Methods Parameters involved in innate, adaptive, and humoral immunity were continuously monitored in COVID-19 patients from onset of illness until 45 days after symptom onset. Results This study enrolled 27 mild, 47 severe, and 46 deceased COVID-19 patients. Generally, deceased patients demonstrated a gradual increase of neutrophils and IL-6 but a decrease of lymphocytes and platelets after the onset of illness. Specifically, sustained low numbers of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells were noted in deceased patients, while these cells gradually restored in mild and severe patients. Furthermore, deceased patients displayed a rapid increase of HLA-DR expression on CD4+ T cells in the early phase, but with a low level of overall CD45RO and HLA-DR expressions on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. Notably, in the early phase, deceased patients showed a lower level of plasma cells and antigen-specific IgG, but higher expansion of CD16+CD14+ proinflammatory monocytes and HLA-DR−CD14+ monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) than mild or severe patients. Among these immunological parameters, M-MDSCs showed the best performance in predicting COVID-19 mortality, when using a cutoff value of ≥10%. Cluster analysis found a typical immunological pattern in deceased patients on day 9 after onset, which was characterized as the increase of inflammatory markers (M-MDSCs, neutrophils, CD16+CD14+ monocytes, and IL-6) but a decrease of host immunity markers. Conclusions This study systemically characterizes the kinetics of immunity of COVID-19, highlighting the importance of immunity in patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Silva-Lagos LA, Pillay J, van Meurs M, Smink A, van der Voort PHJ, de Vos P. DAMPening COVID-19 Severity by Attenuating Danger Signals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720192. [PMID: 34456928 PMCID: PMC8397524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 might lead to multi-organ failure and, in some cases, to death. The COVID-19 severity is associated with a “cytokine storm.” Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are proinflammatory molecules that can activate pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). DAMPs and TLRs have not received much attention in COVID-19 but can explain some of the gender-, weight- and age-dependent effects. In females and males, TLRs are differentially expressed, likely contributing to higher COVID-19 severity in males. DAMPs and cytokines associated with COVID-19 mortality are elevated in obese and elderly individuals, which might explain the higher risk for severer COVID-19 in these groups. Adenosine signaling inhibits the TLR/NF-κB pathway and, through this, decreases inflammation and DAMPs’ effects. As vaccines will not be effective in all susceptible individuals and as new vaccine-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants might develop, it remains mandatory to find means to dampen COVID-19 disease severity, especially in high-risk groups. We propose that the regulation of DAMPs via adenosine signaling enhancement might be an effective way to lower the severity of COVID-19 and prevent multiple organ failure in the absence of severe side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Silva-Lagos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|