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Li CC, Liu SL, Lien TS, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Hamid H, Chen HP, Ho TJ, Lin IH, Wu WS, Hu CT, Tsai KW, Chang HH. Therapeutic Potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza Root Extract in Alleviating Cold-Induced Immunosuppression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9432. [PMID: 39273376 PMCID: PMC11395648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between environmental stressors, such as cold exposure, and immune function significantly impacts human health. Research on effective therapeutic strategies to combat cold-induced immunosuppression is limited, despite its importance. In this study, we aim to investigate whether traditional herbal medicine can counteract cold-induced immunosuppression. We previously demonstrated that cold exposure elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in mice, similar to the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatments. This cold-induced rise in circulating IgG was mediated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and linked to vascular constriction. In our mouse model, the cold-exposed groups (4 °C) showed significantly elevated plasma IgG levels and reduced bacterial clearance compared with the control groups maintained at room temperature (25 °C), both indicative of immunosuppression. Using this model, with 234 mice divided into groups of 6, we investigated the potential of tanshinone IIA, an active compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanolic root extract (SMERE), in alleviating cold-induced immunosuppression. Tanshinone IIA and SMERE treatments effectively normalized elevated plasma IgG levels and significantly improved bacterial clearance impaired by cold exposure compared with control groups injected with a vehicle control, dimethyl sulfoxide. Notably, bacterial clearance, which was impaired by cold exposure, showed an approximately 50% improvement following treatment, restoring immune function to levels comparable to those observed under normal temperature conditions (25 °C, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of traditional herbal medicine in counteracting cold-induced immune dysregulation, offering valuable insights for future strategies aimed at modulating immune function in cold environments. Further research could focus on isolating tanshinone IIA and compounds present in SMERE to evaluate their specific roles in mitigating cold-induced immunosuppression.
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Grants
- 104-2320-B-320 -009 -MY3, 107-2311-B-320-002-MY3, 111-2320-B320-006-MY3, 112-2320-B-320-007 National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- TCMMP104-06, TCMMP108-04, TCMMP 111-01, TCAS111-02, TCAS-112-02, TCAS113-04, TCRD112-033, TCRD113-041 Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Song-Lin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hussana Hamid
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University Hualien, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Center for Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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2
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Wu J, Shyy M, Shyy JYJ, Xiao H. Role of inflammasomes in endothelial dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38952037 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium dynamically responds to environmental cues and plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vasomotor tone, blood cell trafficking, permeability and immune responses. However, endothelial dysfunction results in various pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are large intracellular multimeric complexes activated by pathogens or cellular damage. Inflammasomes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) initiate innate immune responses, which have emerged as significant mediators in endothelial dysfunction, contributing to the pathophysiology of an array of diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms and ramifications of inflammasomes in ECs and related vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, and lung and kidney diseases. We also discuss potential drugs targeting EC inflammasomes and their applications in treating vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing, China
| | - Melody Shyy
- Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Beijing, China
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3
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Sun DS, Chang HH. Extracellular vesicles: Function, resilience, biomarker, bioengineering, and clinical implications. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:251-259. [PMID: 38993825 PMCID: PMC11236075 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_28_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in intercellular communication, disease pathology, and therapeutic innovation. Initially overlooked as cellular debris, EVs are now recognized as vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication, ferrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, providing cellular resilience in response to stresses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EVs, focusing on their role as biomarkers in disease diagnosis, their functional significance in physiological and pathological processes, and the potential of bioengineering for therapeutic applications. EVs offer a promising avenue for noninvasive disease diagnosis and monitoring, reflecting the physiological state of originating cells. Their diagnostic potential spans a spectrum of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Moreover, their presence in bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid enhances their diagnostic utility, presenting advantages over traditional methods. Beyond diagnostics, EVs mediate crucial roles in intercellular communication, facilitating the transfer of bioactive molecules between cells. This communication modulates various physiological processes such as tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and neuronal communication. Dysregulation of EV-mediated communication is implicated in diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Bioengineering techniques offer avenues for manipulating EVs for therapeutic applications, from isolation and purification to engineering cargo and targeted delivery systems. These approaches hold promise for developing novel therapeutics tailored to specific diseases, revolutionizing personalized medicine. However, challenges such as standardization, scalability, and regulatory approval need addressing for successful clinical translation. Overall, EVs represent a dynamic frontier in biomedical research with vast potential for diagnostics, therapeutics, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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4
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Munalisa R, Lien TS, Tsai PY, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Wu WS, Li CC, Hu CT, Tsai KW, Lee YL, Chou YC, Chang HH. Restraint Stress-Induced Neutrophil Inflammation Contributes to Concurrent Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5261. [PMID: 38791301 PMCID: PMC11121713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases risk of gastrointestinal tract diseases. However, the mechanism behind stress-induced gastrointestinal injury is not well understood. The objective of our study is to elucidate the putative mechanism of stress-induced gastrointestinal injury and develop an intervention strategy. To achieve this, we employed the restraint stress mouse model, a well-established method to study the pathophysiological changes associated with psychological stress in mice. By orally administering gut-nonabsorbable Evans blue dye and monitoring its plasma levels, we were able to track the progression of gastrointestinal injury in live mice. Additionally, flow cytometry was utilized to assess the viability, death, and inflammatory status of splenic leukocytes, providing insights into the stress-induced impact on the innate immune system associated with stress-induced gastrointestinal injury. Our findings reveal that neutrophils represent the primary innate immune leukocyte lineage responsible for stress-induced inflammation. Splenic neutrophils exhibited elevated expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, cellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial burden, and cell death following stress challenge compared to other innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Regulated cell death analysis indicated that NETosis is the predominant stress-induced cell death response among other analyzed regulated cell death pathways. NETosis culminates in the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps, which play a crucial role in modulating inflammation by binding to pathogens. Treatment with the NETosis inhibitor GSK484 rescued stress-induced neutrophil extracellular trap release and gastrointestinal injury, highlighting the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps in stress-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. Our results suggest that neutrophil NETosis could serve as a promising drug target for managing psychological stress-induced gastrointestinal injuries.
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Grants
- 104-2320-B-320 -009 -MY3, 107-2311-B-320-002-MY3, 111-2320-B320-006-MY3, 112-2320-B-320-007 National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- TCMMP104-06, TCMMP108-04, TCMMP 111-01, TCAS111-02, TCAS-112-02, TCAS113-04, TCRD112-033, TCRD113-041 Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Munalisa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Ping-Yeh Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddha Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddha Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Center for Hepatology and Department of Gastroenterology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (T.-S.L.); (P.-Y.T.); (D.-S.S.)
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5
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Latanova A, Karpov V, Starodubova E. Extracellular Vesicles in Flaviviridae Pathogenesis: Their Roles in Viral Transmission, Immune Evasion, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2144. [PMID: 38396820 PMCID: PMC10889558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the Flaviviridae family are becoming an emerging threat for public health, causing an increasing number of infections each year and requiring effective treatment. The consequences of these infections can be severe and include liver inflammation with subsequent carcinogenesis, endothelial damage with hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, and, in some cases, death. The mechanisms of Flaviviridae pathogenesis are being actively investigated, but there are still many gaps in their understanding. Extracellular vesicles may play important roles in these mechanisms, and, therefore, this topic deserves detailed research. Recent data have revealed the involvement of extracellular vesicles in steps of Flaviviridae pathogenesis such as transmission, immune evasion, and inflammation, which is critical for disease establishment. This review covers recent papers on the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae and includes examples of clinical applications of the accumulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (E.S.)
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6
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Shrivastava G, Valenzuela-Leon PC, Botello K, Calvo E. Aedes aegypti saliva modulates inflammasome activation and facilitates flavivirus infection in vitro. iScience 2024; 27:108620. [PMID: 38188518 PMCID: PMC10770497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito borne flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika represent a major public health problem due to globalization and propagation of susceptible vectors worldwide. Vertebrate host responses to dengue and Zika infections include the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the activation of inflammasomes, resulting in disease severity and fatality. Mosquito saliva can facilitate pathogen infection by downregulating the host's immune response. However, the role of mosquito saliva in modulating host innate immune responses remains largely unknown. Here, we show that mosquito salivary gland extract (SGE) inhibits dengue and Zika virus-induced inflammasome activation by reducing NLRP3 expression, Caspase-1 activation, and 1L-1β secretion in cultured human and mice macrophages. As a result, we observe that SGE inhibits virus detection in the early phase of infection. This study provides important insights into how mosquito saliva modulates host innate immunity during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paola Carolina Valenzuela-Leon
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Botello
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Sun DS, Lien TS, Chang HH. Restraint stress-associated gastrointestinal injury and implications from the Evans blue-fed restraint stress mouse model. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:23-29. [PMID: 38406572 PMCID: PMC10887336 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_101_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between stress and gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases is well established, while the exact mechanism remains elusive. As a result, it is urgent to establish mouse models to investigate restraint stress-associated GI leakage, but current models have their limitations. A new Evans blue-fed restraint mouse model has recently been developed that allows researchers to study restraint stress-associated GI leakage in live animals. This review article will focus on this model, including its mechanisms, clinical implications, and applications for studying restraint stress-associated GI injury. Recent findings from studies using this model will also be highlighted, along with their potential for diagnosis and treatment. The article aims to discuss about current research and provide recommendations for further study, ultimately improving our understanding of the link between stress and GI injury and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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8
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Xiao C, Cao S, Li Y, Luo Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Bai Q, Chen L. Pyroptosis in microbial infectious diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:42. [PMID: 38158461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermins-mediated programmed cell death that plays an essential role in immune regulation, and its role in autoimmune disease and cancer has been studied extensively. Increasing evidence shows that various microbial infections can lead to pyroptosis, associated with the occurrence and development of microbial infectious diseases. This study reviews the recent advances in pyroptosis in microbial infection, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating microbial infection-related diseases by targeting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Saihong Cao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Yiyang Medical College, School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Yiyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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9
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Li CC, Munalisa R, Lee HY, Lien TS, Chan H, Hung SC, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Chang HH. Restraint Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Is Associated with Concurrent Macrophage Pyroptosis Cell Death in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12877. [PMID: 37629059 PMCID: PMC10454201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is widely acknowledged as a major contributor to immunosuppression, rendering individuals more susceptible to various diseases. The complex interplay between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems underlies stress-induced immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms of psychological-stress-induced immunosuppression remain unclear. In this study, we utilized a restraint stress mouse model known for its suitability in investigating physiological regulations during psychological stress. Comparing it with cold exposure, we observed markedly elevated levels of stress hormones corticosterone and cortisol in the plasma of mice subjected to restraint stress. Furthermore, restraint-stress-induced immunosuppression differed from the intravenous immunoglobulin-like immunosuppression observed in cold exposure, with restraint stress leading to increased macrophage cell death in the spleen. Suppression of pyroptosis through treatments of inflammasome inhibitors markedly ameliorated restraint-stress-induced spleen infiltration and pyroptosis cell death of macrophages in mice. These findings suggest that the macrophage pyroptosis associated with restraint stress may contribute to its immunosuppressive effects. These insights have implications for the development of treatments targeting stress-induced immunosuppression, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Rina Munalisa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hsuan-Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hao Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (R.M.); (H.-Y.L.); (T.-S.L.); (H.C.); (S.-C.H.); (D.-S.S.)
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10
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Siwakoti B, Lien TS, Lin YY, Pethaperumal S, Hung SC, Sun DS, Cheng CF, Chang HH. The Role of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Metformin's Alleviation of Gastrointestinal Injury Induced by Restraint Stress in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10995. [PMID: 37446172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to its anti-diabetic property, evidence suggests more potential applications for metformin, such as antiaging, cellular protection, and anti-inflammation. Studies have reported that metformin activates pathways with anti-inflammatory effects, enhances the integrity of gut epithelial tight junctions, and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. These actions contribute to the protective effect of metformin against gastrointestinal (GI) tract injury. However, whether metformin plays a protective role in psychological-stress-associated GI tract injury remains elusive. We aim to elucidate the potential protective effect of metformin on the GI system and develop an effective intervention strategy to counteract GI injury induced by acute psychological stress. By monitoring the levels of GI-nonabsorbable Evans blue dye in the bloodstream, we assessed the progression of GI injury in live mice. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of metformin effectively mitigated GI leakage caused by psychological stress. The GI protective effect of metformin is more potent when used on wild-type mice than on activating-transcription-factor 3 (ATF3)-deficient (ATF3-/-) mice. As such, metformin-mediated rescue was conducted in an ATF3-dependent manner. In addition, metformin-mediated protection is associated with the induction of stress-induced GI mRNA expressions of the stress-induced genes ATF3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, metformin treatment-mediated protection of CD326+ GI epithelial cells against stress-induced apoptotic cell death was observed in wild-type but not in ATF3-/- mice. These results suggest that metformin plays a protective role in stress-induced GI injury and that ATF3 is an essential regulator for metformin-mediated rescue of stress-induced GI tract injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - You-Yen Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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11
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Lien TS, Sun DS, Wu WS, Chang HH. Simulation of Hemorrhage Pathogenesis in Mice through Dual Stimulation with Dengue Envelope Protein Domain III-Coated Nanoparticles and Antiplatelet Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119270. [PMID: 37298220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue virus (DENV) infection that can lead to abnormal immune responses, endothelial vascular dysfunction, and hemorrhage pathogenesis. The virion-associated envelope protein domain III (EIII) is thought to play a role in the virulence of DENV by damaging endothelial cells. However, it is unclear whether EIII-coated nanoparticles simulating DENV virus particles could cause a more severe pathogenesis than soluble EIII alone. This study aimed to investigate whether EIII-coated silica nanoparticles (EIII-SNPs) could elicit greater cytotoxicity in endothelial cells and hemorrhage pathogenesis in mice compared to EIII or silica nanoparticles alone. The main methods included in vitro assays to assess cytotoxicity and in vivo experiments to examine hemorrhage pathogenesis in mice. EIII-SNPs induced greater endothelial cytotoxicity in vitro than EIII or silica nanoparticles alone. Two-hit combined treatment with EIII-SNPs and antiplatelet antibodies to simulate DHF hemorrhage pathogenesis during secondary DENV infections resulted in higher endothelial cytotoxicity than either treatment alone. In mouse experiments, two-hit combined treatment with EIII-SNPs and antiplatelet antibodies resulted in more severe hemorrhage pathogenesis compared to single treatments of EIII, EIII-SNPs, or antiplatelet antibodies alone. These findings suggest that EIII-coated nanoparticles are more cytotoxic than soluble EIII and could be used to develop a tentative dengue two-hit hemorrhage pathogenesis model in mice. Additionally, our results indicated that EIII-containing DENV particles could potentially exacerbate hemorrhage pathogenesis in DHF patients who have antiplatelet antibodies, highlighting the need for further research on the potential role of EIII in DHF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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12
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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13
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Ju J, Liu Y, Liang H, Yang B. The role of pyroptosis in endothelial dysfunction induced by diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093985. [PMID: 36776394 PMCID: PMC9910335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most organs in the body rely on blood flow, and vesicular damage is the leading cause of injury in multiple organs. The endothelium, as the barriers of vessels, play a critical role in ensuring vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. The rapid development of risk factors in endothelial injuries has been seen in the past decade, such as smoking, infectious, and diabetes mellites. Pyroptotic endothelium is an inflammatory mode of governed endothelial cell death that depend on the metabolic disorder and severe infectious such as atherosclerosis, and sepsis-related acute lung injury, respectively. Pyroptotic endothelial cells need GSDMD cleaved into N- and C-terminal by caspase1, and the cytokines are released by a pore constructed by the N-terminal of GSDMD in the membrane of ECs, finally resulting in severe inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. This review will focus on the patho-physiological and pharmacological pathways of pyroptotic endothelial metabolism in diseases. Overall, this review indicates that pyroptosis is a significant risk factor in diseases and a potential drug target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Baofeng Yang,
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14
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Rasinhas ADC, Jácome FC, Caldas GC, de Almeida ALT, de Souza DDC, Dos Santos JPR, Dias HG, Araujo EL, Mohana-Borges R, Barth OM, Dos Santos FB, Barreto-Vieira DF. Primary infection of BALB/c mice with a dengue virus type 4 strain leads to kidney injury. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220255. [PMID: 37162062 PMCID: PMC10168658 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a disease caused by dengue virus (DENV-1 through -4). Among the four serotypes, DENV-4 remains the least studied. Acute kidney injury is a potential complication of dengue generally associated with severe dengue infection. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the alterations caused by experimental dengue infection in the kidney of adult BALB/c mice. METHODS In this study, BALB/c mice were infected through the intravenous route with a DENV-4 strain, isolated from a human patient. The kidneys of the mice were procured and subject to histopathological and ultrastructural analysis. FINDINGS The presence of the viral antigen was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. Analysis of tissue sections revealed the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout the parenchyma. Glomerular enlargement was a common find. Necrosis of tubular cells and haemorrhage were also observed. Analysis of the kidney on a transmission electron microscope allowed a closer look into the necrotic tubular cells, which presented nuclei with condensed chromatin, and loss of cytoplasm. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Even though the kidney is probably not a primary target of dengue infection in mice, the inoculation of the virus in the blood appears to damage the renal tissue through local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur da Costa Rasinhas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Cunha Jácome
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniel Dias Coutinho de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Helver Gonçalves Dias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Lima Araujo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Flavia Barreto Dos Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Debora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Barbosa-Lima G, Lopes JF, Sacramento CQ, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Hottz ED. Dengue induces iNOS expression and nitric oxide synthesis in platelets through IL-1R. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029213. [PMID: 36569864 PMCID: PMC9767985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue is an arthropod-born disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), that may manifest as a mild illness or severe form, characterized by hemorrhagic fever and shock. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator signaling molecule and an inhibitor of platelet aggregation known to be increased in platelets from dengue patients. However, the mechanisms underlying NO synthesis by platelets during dengue are not yet elucidated. IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine able to induce iNOS expression in leukocytes and present in dengue patients at high levels. Nevertheless, the role of IL-1β in platelet activation, especially regarding iNOS expression, are not clear. Methods We prospectively followed a cohort of 28 dengue-infected patients to study NO synthesis in platelets and its relationship with disease outcomes. We used in vitro infection and stimulation models to gain insights on the mechanisms. Results and Discussion We confirmed that platelets from dengue patients express iNOS and produce higher levels of NO during the acute phase compared to healthy volunteers, returning to normal levels after recovery. Platelet NO production during acute dengue infection was associated with the presence of warning signs, hypoalbuminemia and hemorrhagic manifestations, suggesting a role in dengue pathophysiology. By investigating the mechanisms, we evidenced increased iNOS expression in platelets stimulated with dengue patients´ plasma, indicating induction by circulating inflammatory mediators. We then investigated possible factors able to induce platelet iNOS expression and observed higher levels of IL-1β in plasma from patients with dengue, which were correlated with NO production by platelets. Since platelets can synthesize and respond to IL-1β, we investigated whether IL-1β induces iNOS expression and NO synthesis in platelets. We observed that recombinant human IL-1β enhanced iNOS expression and dose-dependently increased NO synthesis by platelets. Finally, platelet infection with DENV in vitro induced iNOS expression and NO production, besides the secretion of both IL-1α and IL-1β. Importantly, treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist or a combination of anti-IL-1α and anti-IL-1β antibodies prevented DENV-induced iNOS expression and NO synthesis. Our data show that DENV induces iNOS expression and NO production in platelets through mechanisms depending on IL-1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giselle Barbosa-Lima
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Eugenio D. Hottz,
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16
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Bell JD. Understanding Long COVID; Mitochondrial Health and Adaptation-Old Pathways, New Problems. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3113. [PMID: 36551869 PMCID: PMC9775339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 suffer long-term symptoms, such as "brain fog", fatigue and clotting problems. Explanations for "long COVID" include immune imbalance, incomplete viral clearance and potentially, mitochondrial dysfunction. As conditions with sub-optimal mitochondrial function are associated with initial severity of the disease, their prior health could be key in resistance to long COVID and recovery. The SARs virus redirects host metabolism towards replication; in response, the host can metabolically react to control the virus. Resolution is normally achieved after viral clearance as the initial stress activates a hormetic negative feedback mechanism. It is therefore possible that, in some individuals with prior sub-optimal mitochondrial function, the virus can "tip" the host into a chronic inflammatory cycle. This might explain the main symptoms, including platelet dysfunction. Long COVID could thus be described as a virally induced chronic and self-perpetuating metabolically imbalanced non-resolving state characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, where reactive oxygen species continually drive inflammation and a shift towards glycolysis. This would suggest that a sufferer's metabolism needs to be "tipped" back using a stimulus, such as physical activity, calorie restriction, or chemical compounds that mimic these by enhancing mitochondrial function, perhaps in combination with inhibitors that quell the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- The Guy Foundation, Chedington Court, Beaminster, Dorset DT8 3HY, UK
| | | | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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17
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Xu J, Li Q, Xu CY, Mao S, Jin JJ, Gu W, Shi Y, Zou CF, Ye L. Obstructive sleep apnea aggravates neuroinflammation and pyroptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via ASC/HIF-1α pathway. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2537-2543. [PMID: 35535908 PMCID: PMC9120669 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.339000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea can worsen the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the endovascular perforation method and exposed the mice to intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours daily for 2 consecutive days to simulate sleep apnea. We found that sleep apnea aggravated brain edema, increased hippocampal neuron apoptosis, and worsened neurological function in this mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Then, we established an in vitro HT-22 cell model of hemin-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage/intermittent hypoxia and found that the cells died, and lactate dehydrogenase release increased, after 48 hours. We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that sleep apnea increased the expression of hippocampal neuroinflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, interleukin-6, nuclear factor κB, pyroptosis-related protein caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, and NLRP3, promoted the proliferation of astrocytes, and increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, which are the key proteins in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway. We also found that knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression in vitro greatly reduced the damage to HY22 cells. These findings suggest that sleep apnea aggravates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by aggravating neuroinflammation and pyroptosis, at least in part through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen-Yu Xu
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shan Mao
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Jia Jin
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Fang Zou
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Respiration, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Wallace HL, Russell RS. Promiscuous Inflammasomes: The False Dichotomy of RNA/DNA Virus-Induced Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis. Viruses 2022; 14:2113. [PMID: 36298668 PMCID: PMC9609106 DOI: 10.3390/v14102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that viruses activate various inflammasomes, which can initiate the programmed cell death pathway known as pyroptosis, subsequently leading to cell lysis and release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. This pathway can be triggered by various sensors, including, but not limited to, NLRP3, AIM2, IFI16, RIG-I, and NLRC4. Many viruses are known either to activate or inhibit inflammasomes as a part of the innate immune response or as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Early research in the field of virus-induced pyroptosis suggested a dichotomy, with RNA viruses activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and DNA viruses activating the AIM2 inflammasome. More recent research has shown that this dichotomy may not be as distinct as once thought. It seems many viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors. Here, we detail which viruses fit the dichotomy as well as many that appear to defy this clearly false dichotomy. It seems likely that most, if not all, viruses activate multiple inflammasome sensors, and future research should focus on expanding our understanding of inflammasome activation in a variety of tissue types as well as virus activation of multiple inflammasomes, challenging biases that stemmed from early literature in this field. Here, we review primarily research performed on human viruses but also include details regarding animal viruses whenever possible.
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19
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Zheng W, Yan Q, Li Z, Wang X, Wu P, Liao F, Lao Z, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zhan S, Li G. Liver transcriptomics reveals features of the host response in a mouse model of dengue virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892469. [PMID: 36091000 PMCID: PMC9459046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection induces various clinical manifestations and even causes organ injuries, leading to severe dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hepatic dysfunction was identified as a risk predictor of progression to severe disease during the febrile phase of dengue. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatic injury remain unclear. Methods A model of dengue disease was established in IFNAR−/− C57BL/6 mice by challenge with DENV-2. Body weight, symptoms, haematological parameters and liver pathological observations in mice were used to determine the effects of DENV infection. Liver transcriptome sequencing was performed to evaluate the features of the host response in IFNAR−/− mice challenged with DENV. Functional enrichment analysis and analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to determine the critical molecular mechanism of hepatic injury. Results We observed haemoconcentration, leukopenia and liver pathologies in mice, consistent with findings in clinical dengue patients. Some differences in gene expression and biological processes were identified in this study. Transcriptional patterns in the liver indicated that antiviral responses to DENV and tissue damage via abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines were induced. Further analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the leukocyte transendothelial migration, complement and coagulation cascades, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions signalling pathways, which are considered to be closely associated with the pathogenic mechanism of dengue. IL6, IL 10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP9 and NLRP3 were identified as biomarkers of progression to severe disease. Conclusions The interactions of these cytokines, which activate inflammatory signalling, may lead to organ injury and haemoconcentration and even to vascular leakage in tissues, including the mouse liver. Our study identifies candidate host targets that could be used for further functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
| | - Geng Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
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20
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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21
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Hung SC, Ke LC, Lien TS, Huang HS, Sun DS, Cheng CL, Chang HH. Nanodiamond-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Mice Involve P-Selectin-Dependent Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Mediated Platelet Aggregation, Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806686. [PMID: 35444640 PMCID: PMC9013758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has been developed as a carrier to conduct various in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Safety is one of the major considerations, while the hemocompatibility of ND is not clearly addressed. Here we found that, compared to the other sizes of ND with relatively inert properties, treatments of 50 nm ND induced stronger platelet aggregation, platelet pyroptosis, apoptosis and thrombocytopenia in mice. Blockage treatments of soluble P-selectin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors markedly suppressed such adverse effects, suggesting ND-induced platelet activation and pyroptosis involves surface P-selectin-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial superoxide levels and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In addition, challenges of NDs induced less platelet pyroptosis and displayed less thrombocytopenia in P-selectin (Selp-/-), Nlrp3 (Nlrp3-/-) and caspase-1 (Casp1-/-) mutants, as compared to the wild type mice. Blockers of P-selectin, ROS, and Nlrp3 inflammasome pathways could be considered as antidotes for ND induced platelet activation and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Chu Ke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsin-Hou Chang, ;
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22
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Pan Y, Cai W, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. Flaviviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829433. [PMID: 35154151 PMCID: PMC8835115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host’s first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens including flavivirus. The programmed cell death controlled by genes plays an irreplaceable role in resisting pathogen invasion and preventing pathogen infection. However, the inflammatory cell death, which can trigger the overflow of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell contents, will initiate a severe inflammatory response. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the innate immune response, inflammatory cell death pathway and cytokine secretion regulation during Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and other flavivirus infections. We also discussed the impact of these flavivirus and viral proteins on these biological processes. This not only provides a scientific basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of flavivirus, but also lays the foundation for the development of effective antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Renyong Jia, ; Anchun Cheng,
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Renyong Jia, ; Anchun Cheng,
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23
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Chang HH, Sun DS. Emerging role of the itaconate-mediated rescue of cellular metabolic stress. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:134-138. [PMID: 35465285 PMCID: PMC9020237 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_79_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulations play vital roles on maintaining the homeostasis of our body. Evidence have suggested that ATF3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) are critical for maintaining cell function, metabolism, and inflammation/anti-inflammation regulations when cells are under stress, while the upstream regulators in the stressed cells remain elusive. Recent findings have shown that tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites such as itaconate and succinate are not just mitochondrial metabolites, but rather important signaling mediators, involving in the regulations of metabolism, immune modulation. Itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory role through regulating ATF3 and NRF2 pathways under stressed conditions. In addition, itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidation and thus blocking succinate-mediated inflammatory processes. These findings suggest itaconate-ATF3 and itaconate-NRF2 axes are well-coordinated machineries that facilitate the rescue against cellular stress. Here, we review these fascinating discoveries, a research field may help the development of more effective therapeutic approach to manage stress-induced inflammation, tissue damage, and metabolic disorder.
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24
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Chuang DJ, Pethaperumal S, Siwakoti B, Chien HJ, Cheng CF, Hung SC, Lien TS, Sun DS, Chang HH. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects against Restraint Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3530. [PMID: 34944038 PMCID: PMC8700235 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases, which involve bidirectional communication of the GI and nerves systems. Acute stress leads to GI ulcers; however, the mechanism of the native cellular protection pathway, which safeguards tissue integrality and maintains GI homeostasis, remains to be investigated. In a mouse model of this study, restraint stress induced GI leakage, abnormal tight junction protein expression, and cell death of gut epithelial cells. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress-responsive transcription factor, is upregulated in the GI tissues of stressed animals. ATF3-deficient mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype of GI injuries. These results suggested that, in response to stress, ATF3 is part of the native cellular protective pathway in the GI system, which could be a molecular target for managing psychological stress-induced GI tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Jie Chuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Subhashree Pethaperumal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Bijaya Siwakoti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (D.-J.C.); (S.P.); (B.S.); (T.-S.L.); (D.-S.S.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
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25
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Lien TS, Chan H, Sun DS, Wu JC, Lin YY, Lin GL, Chang HH. Exposure of Platelets to Dengue Virus and Envelope Protein Domain III Induces Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Platelet Cell Death and Thrombocytopenia in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616394. [PMID: 33995345 PMCID: PMC8118162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical and subtropical regions, mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) infections can lead to severe dengue, also known as dengue hemorrhage fever, which causes bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and blood plasma leakage and increases mortality. Although DENV-induced platelet cell death was linked to disease severity, the role of responsible viral factors and the elicitation mechanism of abnormal platelet activation and cell death remain unclear. DENV and virion-surface envelope protein domain III (EIII), a cellular binding moiety of the virus particle, highly increase during the viremia stage. Our previous report suggested that exposure to such viremia EIII levels can lead to cell death of endothelial cells, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes. Here we found that both DENV and EIII could induce abnormal platelet activation and predominantly necrotic cell death pyroptosis. Blockages of EIII-induced platelet signaling using the competitive inhibitor chondroitin sulfate B or selective Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors OLT1177 and Z-WHED-FMK markedly ameliorated DENV- and EIII-induced thrombocytopenia, platelet activation, and cell death. These results suggest that EIII could be considered as a virulence factor of DENV, and that Nlrp3 inflammasome is a feasible target for developing therapeutic approaches against dengue-induced platelet defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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26
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Lien TS, Sun DS, Hung SC, Wu WS, Chang HH. Dengue Virus Envelope Protein Domain III Induces Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent NETosis-Mediated Inflammation in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618577. [PMID: 33815373 PMCID: PMC8009969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immune responses and cytokine storm are involved in the development of severe dengue, a life-threatening disease with high mortality. Dengue virus-induced neutrophil NETosis response is associated with cytokine storm; while the role of viral factors on the elicitation of excessive inflammation mains unclear. Here we found that treatments of dengue virus envelope protein domain III (EIII), cellular binding moiety of virion, is sufficient to induce neutrophil NETosis processes in vitro and in vivo. Challenges of EIII in inflammasome Nlrp3-/- and Casp1-/- mutant mice resulted in less inflammation and NETosis responses, as compared to the wild type controls. Blockages of EIII-neutrophil interaction using cell-binding competitive inhibitor or selective Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors OLT1177 and Z-WHED-FMK can suppress EIII-induced NETosis response. These results collectively suggest that Nlrp3 inflammsome is a molecular target for treating dengue-elicited inflammatory pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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