1
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Li S, Luo H, Tang P, Tian C, Hu J, Lu H, Shui W. Generation of a Deep Mouse Brain Spectral Library for Transmembrane Proteome Profiling in Mental Disease Models. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100777. [PMID: 38670310 PMCID: PMC11137342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane (TM) proteins constitute over 30% of the mammalian proteome and play essential roles in mediating cell-cell communication, synaptic transmission, and plasticity in the central nervous system. Many of these proteins, especially the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are validated or candidate drug targets for therapeutic development for mental diseases, yet their expression profiles are underrepresented in most global proteomic studies. Herein, we establish a brain TM protein-enriched spectral library based on 136 data-dependent acquisition runs acquired from various brain regions of both naïve mice and mental disease models. This spectral library comprises 3043 TM proteins including 171 GPCRs, 231 ion channels, and 598 transporters. Leveraging this library, we analyzed the data-independent acquisition data from different brain regions of two mouse models exhibiting depression- or anxiety-like behaviors. By integrating multiple informatics workflows and library sources, our study significantly expanded the mental stress-perturbed TM proteome landscape, from which a new GPCR regulator of depression was verified by in vivo pharmacological testing. In summary, we provide a high-quality mouse brain TM protein spectral library to largely increase the TM proteome coverage in specific brain regions, which would catalyze the discovery of new potential drug targets for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Tang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Tian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Hu A, Schmidt MHH, Heinig N. Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09911-1. [PMID: 38564108 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy has a high probability of causing visual impairment or blindness throughout the disease progression and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina at an advanced, proliferative stage. Microglia are a resident immune population in the central nervous system, known to play a crucial role in regulating retinal angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, including diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, they are located close to blood vessels and are essential for forming new blood vessels (neovascularization). In diabetic retinopathy, microglia become widely activated, showing a distinct polarization phenotype that leads to their accumulation around neovascular tufts. These activated microglia induce pathogenic angiogenesis through the secretion of various angiogenic factors and by regulating the status of endothelial cells. Interestingly, some subtypes of microglia simultaneously promote the regression of neovascularization tufts and normal angiogenesis in neovascularization lesions. Modulating the state of microglial activation to ameliorate neovascularization thus appears as a promising potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyan Hu
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nora Heinig
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Zhao S, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Tuning neural circuits and behaviors by microglia in the adult brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:181-194. [PMID: 38245380 PMCID: PMC10939815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence highlights the role of homeostatic microglia in regulating neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating behaviors. Herein, we review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and behaviors. We discuss current studies utilizing microglial optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to modulate adult neural circuits. These manipulations of microglia across different CNS regions lead to diverse behavioral consequences. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of microglia-neuron interaction lays the groundwork for understanding diverse functions of microglia in neural circuits and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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4
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Zhao S, Wang L, Liang Y, Zheng J, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic activation of microglial Gi signaling decreases microglial surveillance and impairs neuronal synchronization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579861. [PMID: 38405754 PMCID: PMC10888941 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microglia actively survey the brain and dynamically interact with neurons to maintain brain homeostasis. Microglial Gi-protein coupled receptors (Gi-GPCRs) play a critical role in microglia-neuron communications. However, the impact of temporally activating microglial Gi signaling on microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in the homeostatic brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed Gi-based Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (Gi-DREADD) to selectively and temporally modulate microglial Gi signaling pathway. By integrating this chemogenetic approach with in vivo two-photon imaging, we observed that exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling transiently inhibited microglial process dynamics, reduced neuronal activity, and impaired neuronal synchronization. These altered neuronal functions were associated with a decrease in interactions between microglia and neuron somata. Altogether, this study demonstrates that acute, exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling can regulate neuronal circuit function, offering a potential pharmacological target for neuromodulation through microglia.
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5
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Castro R, Lopes M, De Biase L, Valdez G. Aging spinal cord microglia become phenotypically heterogeneous and preferentially target motor neurons and their synapses. Glia 2024; 72:206-221. [PMID: 37737058 PMCID: PMC10773989 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have been found to acquire unique region-dependent deleterious features with age and diseases that contribute to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in the brain. However, it remains unknown whether microglia exhibit similar phenotypic heterogeneity in the spinal cord. Here, we performed a regional analysis of spinal cord microglia in 3-, 16-, 23-, and 30-month-old mice. Using light and electron microscopy, we discovered that spinal cord microglia acquire an increasingly activated phenotype during the course of aging regardless of regional location. However, aging causes microglia in the ventral but not dorsal horn to lose their spatial organization. Aged ventral horn microglia also aggregate around the somata of motor neurons and increase their contacts with motor synapses, which have been shown to be lost with age. These findings suggest that microglia may affect the ability of motor neurons to receive and relay motor commands during aging. To generate additional insights about aging spinal cord microglia, we performed RNA-sequencing on FACS-isolated microglia from 3-, 18-, 22-, and 29-month-old mice. We found that spinal cord microglia acquire a similar transcriptional identity as those in the brain during aging that includes altered expression of genes with roles in microglia-neuron interactions and inflammation. By 29 months of age, spinal cord microglia exhibit additional and unique transcriptional changes known and predicted to cause senescence and to alter lysosomal and ribosomal regulation. Altogether, this work provides the foundation to target microglia to ameliorate aged-related changes in the spinal cord, and particularly on the motor circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Castro
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mikayla Lopes
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lindsay De Biase
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, USA
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6
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Wang G, Zhang H, Shen X, Jin W, Wang X, Zhou Z. Characterization of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and development of a CAF-based risk model for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 38007443 PMCID: PMC10676599 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant cancer with unclear pathogenesis. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) vitally influence tumor onset and progression. Thus, this research aimed to identify distinct subgroups of CAF using single-cell and TNBC-related information from the GEO and TCGA databases, respectively. The primary aim was to establish a novel predictive model based on the CAF features and their clinical relevance. Moreover, the CAFs were analyzed for their immune characteristics, response to immunotherapy, and sensitivity to different drugs. The developed predictive model demonstrated significant effectiveness in determining the prognosis of patients with TNBC, TME, and the immune landscape of the tumor. Of note, the expression of GPR34 was significantly higher in TNBC tissues compared to that in other breast cancer (non-TNBC) tissues, indicating that GPR34 plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of TNBC. In summary, this research has yielded a novel predictive model for TNBC that holds promise for the accurate prediction of prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaowei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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7
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Hsiao CC, Vos E, van Gisbergen KPJM, Hamann J. The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 in cytotoxic lymphocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:286-294. [PMID: 36750420 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
GPR56/ADGRG1 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor connected to brain development, haematopoiesis, male fertility, and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, expression of GPR56 is not restricted to developmental processes. Studies over the last years have demonstrated a marked presence of GPR56 in human cytotoxic NK and T cells. Expression of GPR56 in these cells is driven by the transcription factor HOBIT, corresponds with the production of cytolytic mediators and the presence of CX3 CR1 and CD57, indicates a state of terminal differentiation and cellular exhaustion, and disappears upon cellular activation. Functional studies indicate that GPR56 regulates cell migration and effector functions and thereby acts as an inhibitory immune checkpoint. We here discuss the current state of knowledge regarding GPR56 in cytotoxic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Vos
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Tosh D, Fisher CL, Salmaso V, Wan TC, Campbell RG, Chen E, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. First Potent Macrocyclic A 3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists Reveal G-Protein and β-Arrestin2 Signaling Preferences. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1288-1305. [PMID: 37705595 PMCID: PMC10496144 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
(N)-Methanocarba adenosine derivatives (A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists containing bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane replacing furanose) were chain-extended at N6 and C2 positions with terminal alkenes for ring closure. The resulting macrocycles of 17-20 atoms retained affinity, indicating a spatially proximal orientation of these receptor-bound chains, consistent with molecular modeling of 12. C2-Arylethynyl-linked macrocycle 19 was more A3AR-selective than 2-ether-linked macrocycle 12 (both 5'-methylamides, human (h) A3AR affinities (Ki): 22.1 and 25.8 nM, respectively), with lower mouse A3AR affinities. Functional hA3AR comparison of two sets of open/closed analogues in β-arrestin2 and Gi/o protein assays showed certain signaling preferences divergent from reference agonist Cl-IB-MECA 1. The potencies of 1 at all three Gαi isoforms were slightly less than its hA3AR binding affinity (Ki: 1.4 nM), while the Gαi1 and Gαi2 potencies of macrocycle 12 were roughly an order of magnitude higher than its radioligand binding affinity. Gαi2-coupling was enhanced in macrocycle 12 (EC50 2.56 nM, ∼40% greater maximal efficacy than 1). Di-O-allyl precursor 18 cyclized to form 19, increasing the Gαi1 potency by 7.5-fold. The macrocycles 12 and 19 and their open precursors 11 and 18 potently stimulated β-arrestin2 recruitment, with EC50 values (nM) of 5.17, 4.36, 1.30, and 4.35, respectively, and with nearly 50% greater efficacy compared to 1. This example of macrocyclization altering the coupling pathways of small-molecule (nonpeptide) GPCR agonists is the first for potent and selective macrocyclic AR agonists. These initial macrocyclic derivatives can serve as a guide for the future design of macrocyclic AR agonists displaying unanticipated pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
K. Tosh
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Courtney L. Fisher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Molecular
Modeling Section, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological
Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Ryan G. Campbell
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eric Chen
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Disease, National Institutes
of Health, 9000 Rockville
Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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9
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Zhao S, Zheng J, Wang L, Umpierre AD, Parusel S, Xie M, Dheer A, Ayasoufi K, Johnson AJ, Richardson JR, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic manipulation of CX3CR1 + cells transiently induces hypolocomotion independent of microglia. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2857-2871. [PMID: 37365239 PMCID: PMC10906107 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemogenetic approaches using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD, a family of engineered GPCRs) were recently employed in microglia. Here, we used Cx3cr1CreER/+:R26hM4Di/+ mice to express Gi-DREADD (hM4Di) on CX3CR1+ cells, comprising microglia and some peripheral immune cells, and found that activation of hM4Di on long-lived CX3CR1+ cells induced hypolocomotion. Unexpectedly, Gi-DREADD-induced hypolocomotion was preserved when microglia were depleted. Consistently, specific activation of microglial hM4Di cannot induce hypolocomotion in Tmem119CreER/+:R26hM4Di/+ mice. Flow cytometric and histological analysis showed hM4Di expression in peripheral immune cells, which may be responsible for the hypolocomotion. Nevertheless, depletion of splenic macrophages, hepatic macrophages, or CD4+ T cells did not affect Gi-DREADD-induced hypolocomotion. Our study demonstrates that rigorous data analysis and interpretation are needed when using Cx3cr1CreER/+ mouse line to manipulate microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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10
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Entsie P, Kang Y, Amoafo EB, Schöneberg T, Liverani E. The Signaling Pathway of the ADP Receptor P2Y 12 in the Immune System: Recent Discoveries and New Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6709. [PMID: 37047682 PMCID: PMC10095349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P2Y12 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated upon ADP binding. Considering its well-established role in platelet activation, blocking P2Y12 has been used as a therapeutic strategy for antiplatelet aggregation in cardiovascular disease patients. However, receptor studies have shown that P2Y12 is functionally expressed not only in platelets and the microglia but also in other cells of the immune system, such as in monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. As a result, studies were carried out investigating whether therapies targeting P2Y12 could also ameliorate inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuroinflammation, cancer, COVID-19, atherosclerosis, and diabetes-associated inflammation in animal models and human subjects. This review reports what is known about the expression of P2Y12 in the cells of the immune system and the effect of P2Y12 activation and/or inhibition in inflammatory conditions. Lastly, we will discuss the major problems and challenges in studying this receptor and provide insights on how they can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philomena Entsie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Emmanuel Boadi Amoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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11
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Inhibition of Microglial GSK3β Activity Is Common to Different Kinds of Antidepressants: A Proposal for an In Vitro Screen to Detect Novel Antidepressant Principles. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030806. [PMID: 36979785 PMCID: PMC10045655 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major public health concern. Unfortunately, the present antidepressants often are insufficiently effective, whilst the discovery of more effective antidepressants has been extremely sluggish. The objective of this review was to combine the literature on depression with the pharmacology of antidepressant compounds, in order to formulate a conceivable pathophysiological process, allowing proposals how to accelerate the discovery process. Risk factors for depression initiate an infection-like inflammation in the brain that involves activation microglial Toll-like receptors and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK3β activity alters the balance between two competing transcription factors, the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative transcription factor NFκB and the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative transcription factor NRF2. The antidepressant activity of tricyclic antidepressants is assumed to involve activation of GS-coupled microglial receptors, raising intracellular cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA and similar kinases inhibit the enzyme activity of GSK3β. Experimental antidepressant principles, including cannabinoid receptor-2 activation, opioid μ receptor agonists, 5HT2 agonists, valproate, ketamine and electrical stimulation of the Vagus nerve, all activate microglial pathways that result in GSK3β-inhibition. An in vitro screen for NRF2-activation in microglial cells with TLR-activated GSK3β activity, might therefore lead to the detection of totally novel antidepressant principles with, hopefully, an improved therapeutic efficacy.
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12
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Cuní-López C, Stewart R, White AR, Quek H. 3D in vitro modelling of human patient microglia: A focus on clinical translation and drug development in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 375:578017. [PMID: 36657374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have an increasingly well-recognised role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby becoming attractive therapeutic targets. However, the development of microglia-targeted therapeutics for neurodegeneration has had limited success. This stems partly from the lack of clinically relevant microglia model systems. To circumvent this translational gap, patient-derived microglial cell models established using conventional 2D in vitro techniques have emerged. Though promising, these models lack the microenvironment and multicellular interactions of the brain needed to maintain microglial homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the use of 3D in vitro platforms to improve microglia modelling and their potential benefits to fast-track drug development for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cuní-López
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Romal Stewart
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia.
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Hazel Quek
- Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, QLD, Australia.
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13
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Pinosanu LR, Capitanescu B, Glavan D, Godeanu S, Cadenas IF, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Balseanu AT, Bogdan C, Popa-Wagner A. Neuroglia Cells Transcriptomic in Brain Development, Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:63-83. [PMID: 36818562 PMCID: PMC9937697 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia cells are essential for brain functioning during development, aging and disease. However, the role of astroglia plays during brain development is quite different from the role played in the adult lesioned brain. Therefore, a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying astroglia activity in the aging brain and cerebrovascular diseases is essential to guide the development of new therapeutic strategies. To this end, this review provides a comparison between the transcriptomic activity of astroglia cells during development, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral ischemia. During fetal brain development, astrocytes and microglia often affect the same developmental processes such as neuro-/gliogenesis, angiogenesis, axonal outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic pruning. In the adult brain astrocytes are a critical player in the synapse remodeling by mediating synapse elimination while microglia activity has been associated with changes in synaptic plasticity and remove cell debris by constantly sensing the environment. However, in the lesioned brain astrocytes proliferate and play essential functions with regard to energy supply to the neurons, neurotransmission and buildup of a protective scar isolating the lesion site from the surroundings. Inflammation, neurodegeneration, or loss of brain homeostasis induce changes in microglia gene expression, morphology, and function, generally referred to as "primed" microglia. These changes in gene expression are characterized by an enrichment of phagosome, lysosome, and antigen presentation signaling pathways and is associated with an up-regulation of genes encoding cell surface receptors. In addition, primed microglia are characterized by upregulation of a network of genes in response to interferon gamma. Conclusion. A comparison of astroglia cells transcriptomic activity during brain development, aging and neurodegenerative disorders might provide us with new therapeutic strategies with which to protect the aging brain and improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Radu Pinosanu
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Capitanescu
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Psychiatric clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Sanziana Godeanu
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Israel Ferna´ndez Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics group, Sant Pau Hospital Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Thorsten R. Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,University of Göttingen Medical School, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Germany.
| | - Adrian-Tudor Balseanu
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Catalin Bogdan
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Germany.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Aurel Popa-Wagner () and Dr. Catalin Bogdan (), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Germany.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Aurel Popa-Wagner () and Dr. Catalin Bogdan (), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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14
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Hou JY, Xu H, Cao GZ, Tian LL, Wang LH, Zhu NQ, Zhang JJ, Yang HJ. Multi-omics reveals Dengzhan Shengmai formulation ameliorates cognitive impairments in D-galactose-induced aging mouse model by regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 and gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175970. [PMID: 37101548 PMCID: PMC10123283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengzhan Shengmai (DZSM), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been administered extensively to elderly individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). However, the underlying mechanisms by which Dengzhan Shengmai improves cognitive impairment remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the effect of Dengzhan Shengmai on aging-associated cognitive impairment via a comprehensive combination of transcriptomics and microbiota assessment. Dengzhan Shengmai was orally administered to a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model, and evaluation with an open field task (OFT), Morris water maze (MWM), and histopathological staining was performed. Transcriptomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the mechanism of Dengzhan Shengmai in alleviating cognitive deficits, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the results. The results first confirmed the therapeutic effects of Dengzhan Shengmai against cognitive defects; specifically, Dengzhan Shengmai improved learning and impairment, suppressed neuro loss, and increased Nissl body morphology repair. Comprehensive integrated transcriptomics and microbiota analysis indicated that chemokine CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) were targets for improving cognitive impairments with Dengzhan Shengmai and also indirectly suppressed the intestinal flora composition. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed that Dengzhan Shengmai suppressed the expression of CXC motif receptor 4, CXC chemokine ligand 12, and inflammatory cytokines. This suggested that Dengzhan Shengmai inhibited CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 expression and modulated intestinal microbiome composition by influencing inflammatory factors. Thus, Dengzhan Shengmai improves aging-related cognitive impairment effects via decreased CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 and inflammatory factor modulation to improve gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Zhao Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Liang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nai-Qiang Zhu
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jing Zhang, ; Hong-Jun Yang,
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jing Zhang, ; Hong-Jun Yang,
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15
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Braden K, Campolo M, Li Y, Chen Z, Doyle TM, Giancotti LA, Esposito E, Zhang J, Cuzzocrea S, Arnatt CK, Salvemini D. Activation of GPR183 by 7 α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol Induces Behavioral Hypersensitivity through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor- κB. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:172-181. [PMID: 36116795 PMCID: PMC9553113 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR183 in the development of neuropathic pain. Further investigation of the signaling pathways downstream of GPR183 is needed to support the development of GPR183 antagonists as analgesics. In rodents, intrathecal injection of its ligand, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC), causes time-dependent development of mechano-and cold- allodynia (behavioral hypersensitivity). These effects are blocked by the selective small molecule GPR183 antagonist, SAE-14. However, the molecular mechanisms engaged downstream of GPR183 in the spinal cord are not known. Here, we show that 7α,25-OHC-induced behavioral hypersensitivity is Gα i dependent, but not β-arrestin 2-dependent. Non-biased transcriptomic analyses of dorsal-horn spinal cord (DH-SC) tissues harvested at the time of peak hypersensitivity implicate potential contributions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In support, we found that the development of 7α,25-OHC/GPR183-induced mechano-allodynia was associated with significant activation of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], p38) and redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB) and increased formation of inflammatory and neuroexcitatory cytokines. SAE-14 blocked these effects and behavioral hypersensitivity. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into how GPR183 signaling in the spinal cord produces hypersensitivity through MAPK and NF-κB activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Using a multi-disciplinary approach, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms underpinning 7α,25-OHC/GPR183-induced hypersensitivity in mice. Intrathecal injections of the GPR183 agonist 7α,25-OHC induce behavioral hypersensitivity, and these effects are blocked by the selective GPR183 antagonist SAE-14. We found that 7α,25-OHC-induced allodynia is dependent on MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and results in an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This study provides a first insight into how GPR183 signaling in the spinal cord is pronociceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Braden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Timothy M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Luigino Antonio Giancotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Christopher Kent Arnatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
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16
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Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TCY, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:31. [PMID: 36184623 PMCID: PMC9527145 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and the most common form of dementia. Characterized by the loss of learning, memory, problem-solving, language, and other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients' and families' quality of life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and progression of AD, there is no cure for AD. The failure of numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple targeted non-invasive treatments. In this paper, we reviewed the advances of the most widely studied non-invasive therapies, including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and exercise therapy. Firstly, we reviewed the pathological changes of AD and the challenges for AD studies. We then introduced these non-invasive therapies and discussed the factors that may affect the effects of these therapies. Additionally, we review the effects of these therapies and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the non-invasive treatments in future AD studies and clinical applications. We concluded that it would be critical to understand the exact underlying mechanisms and find the optimal treatment parameters to improve the translational value of these non-invasive therapies. Moreover, the combined use of non-invasive treatments is also a promising research direction for future studies and sheds light on the future treatment or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luoman Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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17
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Mercurio D, Fumagalli S, Schafer MKH, Pedragosa J, Ngassam LDC, Wilhelmi V, Winterberg S, Planas AM, Weihe E, De Simoni MG. Protein Expression of the Microglial Marker Tmem119 Decreases in Association With Morphological Changes and Location in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:820127. [PMID: 35221925 PMCID: PMC8866855 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.820127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglia and the infiltration of macrophages are hallmarks of neuroinflammation after acute brain injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two myeloid populations share many features in the post-injury inflammatory response, thus, being antigenically indistinguishable. Recently Tmem119, a type I transmembrane protein specifically expressed by microglia under physiological conditions, was proposed as a tool to differentiate resident microglia from blood-borne macrophages, not expressing it. However, the validity of Tmem119 as a specific marker of resident microglia in the context of acute brain injury, where microglia are activated and macrophages are recruited, needs validation. Our purpose was to investigate Tmem119 expression and distribution in relation to the morphology of brain myeloid cells present in the injured area after TBI. Mice underwent sham surgery or TBI by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Brains from sham-operated, or TBI mice, were analyzed by in situ hybridization to identify the cells expressing Tmem119, and by Western blot and quantitative immunofluorescence to measure Tmem119 protein levels in the entire brain regions and single cells. The morphology of Iba1+ myeloid cells was analyzed at different times (4 and 7 days after TBI) and several distances from the contused edge in order to associate Tmem119 expression with morphological evolution of active microglia. In situ hybridization indicated an increased Tmem119 RNA along with increased microglial complement C1q activation in the contused area and surrounding regions. On the contrary, the biochemical evaluation showed a drop in Tmem119 protein levels in the same areas. The Tmem119 immunoreactivity decreased in Iba1+ myeloid cells found in the contused cortex at both time points, with the cells showing the hypertrophic ameboid morphology having no Tmem119 expression. The Tmem119 was present on ramifications of resident microglia and its presence was decreased as a consequence of microglial activation in cortical areas close to contusion. Based on the data, we conclude that the decrease of Tmem119 in reactive microglia may depend on the process of microglial activation, which involves the retracting of their branchings to acquire an ameboid shape. The Tmem119 immunoreactivity decreases in reactive microglia to similar levels than the blood-borne macrophages, thus, failing to discriminate the two myeloid populations after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mercurio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin K-H Schafer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Pedragosa
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Verena Wilhelmi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Winterberg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eberhard Weihe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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18
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Babu M, Singh N, Datta A. In Vitro Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Model of Ischemic Stroke: A Proteomics-Driven Systems Biological Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2363-2377. [PMID: 35080759 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain cells is the commonest in vitro model of ischemic stroke that is used extensively for basic and preclinical stroke research. Protein mass spectrometry is one of the most promising and rapidly evolving technologies in biomedical research. A systems-level understanding of cell-type-specific responses to oxygen and glucose deprivation without systemic influence is a prerequisite to delineate the response of the neurovascular unit following ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we summarize the proteomics studies done on different OGD models. These studies have followed an expression or interaction proteomics approach. They have been primarily used to understand the cellular pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury or to assess the efficacy of interventions as potential treatment options. We compile the limitations of OGD model and downstream proteomics experiment. We further show that despite having limitations, several proteins shortlisted as altered in in vitro OGD-proteomics studies showed comparable regulation in ischemic stroke patients. This showcases the translational potential of this approach for therapeutic target and biomarker discovery. We next discuss the approaches that can be adopted for cell-type-specific validation of OGD-proteomics results in the future. Finally, we briefly present the research questions that can be addressed by OGD-proteomics studies using emerging techniques of protein mass spectrometry. We have also created a web resource compiling information from OGD-proteomics studies to facilitate data sharing for community usage. This review intends to encourage preclinical stroke community to adopt a hypothesis-free proteomics approach to understand cell-type-specific responses following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Babu
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhil Singh
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Arnab Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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19
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Adhesion GPCR GPR56 Expression Profiling in Human Tissues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123557. [PMID: 34944065 PMCID: PMC8700376 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the immense functional relevance of GPR56 (gene ADGRG1) in highly diverse (patho)physiological processes such as tumorigenesis, immune regulation, and brain development, little is known about its exact tissue localization. Here, we validated antibodies for GPR56-specific binding using cells with tagged GPR56 or eliminated ADGRG1 in immunotechniques. Using the most suitable antibody, we then established the human GPR56 tissue expression profile. Overall, ADGRG1 RNA-sequencing data of human tissues and GPR56 protein expression correlate very well. In the adult brain especially, microglia are GPR56-positive. Outside the central nervous system, GPR56 is frequently expressed in cuboidal or highly prismatic secreting epithelia. High ADGRG1 mRNA, present in the thyroid, kidney, and placenta is related to elevated GPR56 in thyrocytes, kidney tubules, and the syncytiotrophoblast, respectively. GPR56 often appears in association with secreted proteins such as pepsinogen A in gastric chief cells and insulin in islet β-cells. In summary, GPR56 shows a broad, not cell-type restricted expression in humans.
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