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Lauc G. Can we suppress chronic systemic inflammation and postpone age-related diseases by targeting the IgG glycome? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:491-499. [PMID: 37897176 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2277218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycans attached to immunoglobulin G are an important regulator of chronic systemic inflammation, one of the key drivers of aging. As people age, glycans that suppress inflammation are being replaced with inflammation-promoting glycans, but the rate of this conversion is highly individual and is affected by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes key studies of IgG glycosylation changes in aging and disease, effects of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, and mechanisms that regulate IgG glycosylation. EXPERT OPINION IgG glycome is an important contributor to the process of aging that can be modulated by both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. Small molecule drugs that would suppress chronic systemic inflammation by modulation of the IgG glycome are still not available, but since gene network regulating IgG glycosylation has been identified and a high-throughput in vitro screening system is available, it is likely that this highly innovative approach to manage chronic systemic inflammation will be developed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- GordAn Lauc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry & Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Vučković F, Novokmet M, Šoić D, Štambuk J, Kolčić I, Polašek O, Lauc G, Gornik O, Keser T. Variability of human Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein N-glycome in a Caucasian population. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae031. [PMID: 38591797 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a highly glycosylated protein in human plasma and one of the most abundant acute phase proteins in humans. Glycosylation plays a crucial role in its biological functions, and alterations in AGP N-glycome have been associated with various diseases and inflammatory conditions. However, large-scale studies of AGP N-glycosylation in the general population are lacking. METHODS Using recently developed high-throughput glycoproteomic workflow for site-specific AGP N-glycosylation analysis, 803 individuals from the Croatian island of Korcula were analyzed and their AGP N-glycome data associated with biochemical and physiological traits, as well as different environmental factors. RESULTS After regression analysis, we found that AGP N-glycosylation is strongly associated with sex, somewhat less with age, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits (e.g. BMI, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, smoking status, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION For the first time we have extensively explored the inter-individual variability of AGP N-glycome in a general human population, demonstrating its changes with sex, age, biochemical, and physiological status of individuals, providing the baseline for future population and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Vučković
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska ulica 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Gradišćanska ulica 24, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Frkatović-Hodžić A, Mijakovac A, Miškec K, Nostaeva A, Sharapov SZ, Landini A, Haller T, van den Akker E, Sharma S, Cuadrat RRC, Mangino M, Li Y, Keser T, Rudman N, Štambuk T, Pučić-Baković M, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gudelj I, Štambuk J, Pribić T, Radovani B, Tominac P, Fischer K, Beekman M, Wuhrer M, Gieger C, Schulze MB, Wittenbecher C, Polasek O, Hayward C, Wilson JF, Spector TD, Köttgen A, Vučković F, Aulchenko YS, Vojta A, Krištić J, Klarić L, Zoldoš V, Lauc G. Mapping of the gene network that regulates glycan clock of ageing. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14509-14552. [PMID: 38149987 PMCID: PMC10781487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are an essential structural component of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that modulate its structure and function. However, regulatory mechanisms behind this complex posttranslational modification are not well known. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 29 genomic regions involved in regulation of IgG glycosylation, but only a few were functionally validated. One of the key functional features of IgG glycosylation is the addition of galactose (galactosylation), a trait which was shown to be associated with ageing. We performed GWAS of IgG galactosylation (N=13,705) and identified 16 significantly associated loci, indicating that IgG galactosylation is regulated by a complex network of genes that extends beyond the galactosyltransferase enzyme that adds galactose to IgG glycans. Gene prioritization identified 37 candidate genes. Using a recently developed CRISPR/dCas9 system we manipulated gene expression of candidate genes in the in vitro IgG expression system. Upregulation of three genes, EEF1A1, MANBA and TNFRSF13B, changed the IgG glycome composition, which confirmed that these three genes are involved in IgG galactosylation in this in vitro expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Miškec
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arina Nostaeva
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Functional Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sodbo Z. Sharapov
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arianna Landini
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik van den Akker
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rafael R. C. Cuadrat
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München –Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Najda Rudman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Pribić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Radovani
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Petra Tominac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München –Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- SciLifeLab, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Vojta
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Gupta P, Sághy T, Nordqvist J, Nilsson J, Carlsten H, Horkeby K, Henning P, Engdahl C. Impact of estrogen on IgG glycosylation and serum protein glycosylation in a murine model of healthy postmenopause. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243942. [PMID: 37766692 PMCID: PMC10519799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The glycosylation of immunoglobulin (Ig) G regulates IgG interaction capability with Fc gamma receptors found in all immune cells. In pathogenic conditions, estrogen can impact IgG levels and glycosylation. Following menopause, when estrogen levels decline affecting the immune system and potentially leading to a heightened susceptibility of immune activation. Purpose In this study, we aim to determine if estrogen levels can regulate IgG glycosylation in postmenopausal healthy situations. Methods Mice were ovariectomized to simulate an estrogen-deficient postmenopausal status and then treated with 17-beta-estradiol (E2) at different doses and different administration strategies. Results Using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) glycoproteomic method, we demonstrated that E2 treatment increased the degree of glycosylation on IgG-Fc with both galactosylation and sialylation in the position required for interaction with Fc gamma receptors. We also observed that only long-term estrogen deficiency reduces IgG levels and that estrogen status had no impact on total IgG sialylation on both Fab and Fc domains or general glycoprotein sialylation evaluated by ELISA. Furthermore, E2 status did not affect the total sialic acid content of total cells in lymphoid organs and neither B cells nor plasma cells. Conclusion The study concluded that E2 treatment does not affect total serum glycoprotein sialylation but alters IgG glycosylation, including IgG sialylation, implying that estrogen functions as an intrinsic modulator of IgG sialylation and could thereby be one pathway by which estrogen modulates immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tibor Sághy
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jauquline Nordqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lukšić F, Mijakovac A, Josipović G, Vičić Bočkor V, Krištić J, Cindrić A, Vinicki M, Rokić F, Vugrek O, Lauc G, Zoldoš V. Long-Term Culturing of FreeStyle 293-F Cells Affects Immunoglobulin G Glycome Composition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1245. [PMID: 37627310 PMCID: PMC10452533 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG regulates the effector function of this antibody in the immune response. Glycosylated IgG is a potent therapeutic used for both research and clinical purposes. While there is ample research on how different cell culture conditions affect IgG glycosylation, the data are missing on the stability of IgG glycome during long cell passaging, i.e., cell "aging". To test this, we performed three independent time course experiments in FreeStyle 293-F cells, which secrete IgG with a human-like glycosylation pattern and are frequently used to generate defined IgG glycoforms. During long-term cell culturing, IgG glycome stayed fairly stable except for galactosylation, which appeared extremely variable. Cell transcriptome analysis revealed no correlation in galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 expression with galactosylation change, but with expression of EEF1A1 and SLC38A10, genes previously associated with IgG galactosylation through GWAS. The FreeStyle 293-F cell-based system for IgG production is a good model for studies of mechanisms underlying IgG glycosylation, but results from the present study point to the utmost importance of the need to control IgG galactosylation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. This is especially important for improving the production of precisely glycosylated IgG for therapeutic purposes, since IgG galactosylation affects the inflammatory potential of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lukšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Josipović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Cindrić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Vinicki
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Rokić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Porcino GN, Bladergroen MR, Dotz V, Nicolardi S, Memarian E, Gardinassi LG, Nery Costa CH, Pacheco de Almeida R, Ferreira de Miranda Santos IK, Wuhrer M. Total serum N-glycans mark visceral leishmaniasis in human infections with Leishmania infantum. iScience 2023; 26:107021. [PMID: 37485378 PMCID: PMC10362369 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a clinical form of leishmaniasis with high mortality rates when not treated. Diagnosis suffers from invasive techniques and sub-optimal sensitivities. The current (affordable) treatment with pentavalent antimony as advised by the WHO is possibly harmful to the patient. There is need for an improved diagnosis to prevent possibly unnecessary treatment. N-glycan analysis may aid in diagnosis. We evaluated the N-glycan profiles from active VL, asymptomatic infections (ASYMP) and controls from non-endemic (NC) and endemic (EC) areas. Active VL has a distinct N-glycome profile that associates with disease severity. Our study suggests that the observed glycan signatures could be a valuable additive to diagnosis and assist in identifying possible markers of disease and understanding the pathogenesis of VL. Further studies are warranted to assess a possible future role of blood glycome analysis in active VL diagnosis and should aim at disease specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriane Nascimento Porcino
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marco René Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Memarian
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil
| | | | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde – PPGCS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracajú 49060-100, Brazil
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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9
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Perry WA, Martino AEA, Garcia MR, Chow JK, Snydman DR. Sex- and age-based comparison of serum immunoglobulins following liver transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101826. [PMID: 36934899 PMCID: PMC10192009 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over a quarter of organ transplant recipients have low immunoglobulin levels in their early post-transplant course, which is associated with increased risk of infection and mortality. Although immunoglobulin level varies by sex among healthy individuals, it is unknown how such differences are affected by transplant-related immunosuppression. This study compared post-liver transplant immunoglobulin G (IgG) between sexes at varying ages. METHODS Serum specimens from a prospective cohort of 130 liver transplant recipients were analyzed. IgG was measured at time of transplant and from one-month post-transplant samples. Post-transplant IgG was compared between sexes using multivariable linear regression. Four age and sex categories were created (women<50, women≥50, men<50, men≥50) and the model repeated with this as the explanatory variable. The relationship between sex hormone concentrations and post-transplant IgG was also explored. Infection type and incidence were examined within groups. RESULTS The cohort included 99 men, 31 women (mean age 53). In adjusted linear regression, post-transplant IgG was not significantly different by sex (p = 0.92). However, when broken into four categories by age and sex, the contrast in IgG levels between younger versus older patients was strikingly greater among women than among men. An interaction term including age and sex was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The combined age-sex categorical variable was also significantly associated with post-transplant IgG (p = 0.01). Finally, an association was identified between baseline estradiol level and post-transplant change in IgG (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Sex and age have an important relationship with post-transplant IgG with older women demonstrating lowest concentrations. Immunoglobulin levels have previously demonstrated association with post-transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Perry
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, USA.
| | | | | | - Jennifer K Chow
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, USA
| | - David R Snydman
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, USA
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Hu BL, Yin YX, Li KZ, Li SQ, Li Z. SPINK4 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and inhibits ferroptosis. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:104. [PMID: 37013514 PMCID: PMC10071753 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 4 (SPINK4) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and ferroptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of SPINK4 on CRC pathogenesis and ferroptosis. METHODS SPINK4 expression was analyzed in public datasets and examined using immunohistochemistry. The biological function of SPINK4 in CRC cell lines and its effect on ferroptosis were tested. An immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the location of SPINK4 in cells, and mouse models were established to determine the effects of SPINK4 in vivo. RESULTS CRC datasets and clinical samples analysis revealed that SPINK4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in CRC tissues compared to control tissues (P < 0.05). Two CRC cell lines (HCT116 and LoVo) were selected, and the in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that overexpression of SPINK4 greatly promotes the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells and tumor growth (P < 0.05). The immunofluorescence assay indicated that SPINK4 is mainly located in the nucleoplasm and nucleus of CRC cells. Furthermore, SPINK4 expression was reduced after cell ferroptosis induced by Erastin, and overexpression of SPINK4 greatly inhibited ferroptosis in CRC cells. The results of mouse model further demonstrated that SPINK4 overexpression inhibited CRC cell ferroptosis and facilitated tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS SPINK4 was decreased in CRC tissues and promoted cell proliferation and metastasis; overexpression of SPINK4 inhibited CRC cell ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Li Hu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xin Yin
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ke-Zhi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, PR China.
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11
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Abstract
Glycosylation has a profound influence on protein activity and cell biology through a variety of mechanisms, such as protein stability, receptor interactions and signal transduction. In many rheumatic diseases, a shift in protein glycosylation occurs, and is associated with inflammatory processes and disease progression. For example, the Fc-glycan composition on (auto)antibodies is associated with disease activity, and the presence of additional glycans in the antigen-binding domains of some autoreactive B cell receptors can affect B cell activation. In addition, changes in synovial fibroblast cell-surface glycosylation can alter the synovial microenvironment and are associated with an altered inflammatory state and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The development of our understanding of the role of glycosylation of plasma proteins (particularly (auto)antibodies), cells and tissues in rheumatic pathological conditions suggests that glycosylation-based interventions could be used in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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12
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Gupta P, Horkeby K, Carlsten H, Henning P, Engdahl C. Bazedoxifene does not share estrogens effects on IgG sialylation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285755. [PMID: 37200319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases at the same time as menopause when estrogen level decreases. Estrogen treatment is known to reduce the IgG pathogenicity by increasing the sialylation grade on the terminal glycan chain of the Fc domain, inhibiting the binding ability to the Fc gamma receptor. Therefore, treatment with estrogen may be beneficial in pre-RA patients who have autoantibodies and are prone to get an autoimmune disease. However, estrogen treatment is associated with negative side effects, therefore selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed that have estrogenic protective effects with minimal side effects. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the SERM bazedoxifene on IgG sialylation as well as on total serum protein sialylation. C57BL6 mice were ovariectomized to simulate postmenopausal status, followed by ovalbumin immunization, and then treated with estrogen (estradiol), bazedoxifene, or vehicle. We found that estrogen treatment enhanced IgG levels and had a limited effect on IgG sialylation. Treatment with bazedoxifene increased the sialic acids in plasma cells in a similar manner to E2 but did not reach statistical significance. However, we did not detect any alteration in IgG-sialylation with bazedoxifene treatment. Neither estrogen nor bazedoxifene showed any significant alteration in serum protein sialylation but had a minor effect on mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase in the bone marrow, gonadal fat, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Mijakovac A, Frkatović A, Hanić M, Ivok J, Martinić Kavur M, Pučić-Baković M, Spector T, Zoldoš V, Mangino M, Lauc G. Heritability of the glycan clock of biological age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982609. [PMID: 36619858 PMCID: PMC9815111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G is posttranslationally modified by the addition of complex N-glycans affecting its function and mediating inflammation at multiple levels. IgG glycome composition changes with age and health in a predictive pattern, presumably due to inflammaging. As a result, a novel biological aging biomarker, glycan clock of age, was developed. Glycan clock of age is the first of biological aging clocks for which multiple studies showed a possibility of clock reversal even with simple lifestyle interventions. However, none of the previous studies determined to which extent the glycan clock can be turned, and how much is fixed by genetic predisposition. To determine the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation of the glycan clock, we performed heritability analysis on two TwinsUK female cohorts. IgG glycans from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were analyzed by UHPLC and glycan age was calculated using the glycan clock. In order to determine additive genetic, shared, and unique environmental contributions, a classical twin design was applied. Heritability of the glycan clock was calculated for participants of one cross-sectional and one longitudinal cohort with three time points to assess the reliability of measurements. Heritability estimate for the glycan clock was 39% on average, suggesting a moderate contribution of additive genetic factors (A) to glycan clock variation. Remarkably, heritability estimates remained approximately the same in all time points of the longitudinal study, even though IgG glycome composition changed substantially. Most environmental contributions came from shared environmental factors (C), with unique environmental factors (E) having a minor role. Interestingly, heritability estimates nearly doubled, to an average of 71%, when we included age as a covariant. This intervention also inflated the estimates of unique environmental factors contributing to glycan clock variation. A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors defines alternative IgG glycosylation during aging and, consequently, dictates the glycan clock's ticking. Apparently, environmental factors (including lifestyle choices) have a strong impact on the biological age measured with the glycan clock, which additionally clarifies why this aging clock is one of the most potent biomarkers of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mijakovac
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ivok
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thoma’s Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia,*Correspondence: Gordan Lauc,
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Modification of Morphology and Glycan Pattern of the Oviductal Epithelium of Baboon Papio hamadryas during the Menstrual Cycle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202769. [PMID: 36290159 PMCID: PMC9597729 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian oviduct is a highly specialized structure where fertilization and early embryonic development occur. Its mucosal epithelium is involved in maintaining and modulating a dynamic intraluminal fluid. The oviductal epithelium consists of ciliated and non-ciliated (secretory) cells whose differentiation and activity are sex hormone-dependent. In this study, we investigated for the first time both the morphology and the glycan composition of baboon oviductal epithelium during the menstrual cycle. Oviducts were laparoscopically removed from 14 healthy adult female Papio hamadryas whose menstrual cycle phase was assessed based on the sex hormone levels and the vaginal cytology features. Histological investigations were carried out on fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus separately fixed in 4% (v/v) paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin wax, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphological analyses and using a panel of nine fluorescent lectins for glycoconjugate characterization. The histomorphological analysis revealed that in the entire oviduct (i) the ciliated and non-ciliated cells were indistinguishable during the follicular and luteal phases, whereas they were highly differentiated during the preovulatory phase when the non-ciliated cells exhibited apical protrusions, (ii) the epithelium height was significantly higher in the preovulatory phase compared to other menstrual phases, and (iii) the number of ciliated cells significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased from the fimbriae to the infundibulum and progressively reduced in the other oviductal segments with the lower presence of ciliated cells in the isthmus. The glycan characterization revealed a complex and region-specific composition during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. It can be summarized as follows: (i) high-mannosylated N-linked glycans (Con A reactivity) were present throughout the oviductal epithelium during the entire menstrual cycle and characteristically in the apical protrusions of non-ciliated cells of the ampulla during the preovulatory phase; (ii) sialoglycans with α2,3-linked sialic acids (MAL II binding) were expressed along the entire oviductal surface only during the preovulatory phase, whereas α2,6-linked ones (SNA affinity) were also detected in the surface of the luteal phase, although during the preovulatory phase they were characteristically found in the glycocalyx of the isthmus cilia, and O-linked sialoglycans with sialic acids linked to Galβl,3GalNAc (T antigen) (KsPNA) and terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (Tn antigen) (KsSBA) were found in the entire oviductal surface during all phases of the menstrual cycle; (iii) GalNAc terminating O-linked glycans (HPA staining) were mainly expressed in the entire oviducts of the luteal and preovulatory phases, and characteristically in the apical protrusions of the isthmus non-ciliated cells of the preovulatory phase; and (iv) fucosylated glycans with α1,2-linked fucose (LTA reactivity) occurred in the apical surface of fimbriae during the luteal phase, whereas α1,3/4-linked fucose (UEA I binders) were present in the apical protrusions of the ampulla non-ciliated cells and in the apical surface of isthmus during the preovulatory phase as well as in the isthmus apical surface of follicular-phase oviducts. These results demonstrate for the first time that morphological and glycan changes occur in the baboon oviductal epithelium during the menstrual cycle. Particularly, the sex hormone fluctuation affects the glycan pattern in a region-specific manner, probably related to the function of the oviductal segments. The findings add new data concerning baboons which, due to their anatomical similarity to humans, make an excellent model for female reproduction studies.
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15
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Krištić J, Lauc G, Pezer M. Immunoglobulin G glycans - Biomarkers and molecular effectors of aging. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 535:30-45. [PMID: 35970404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are post-translationally modified by the addition of complex carbohydrate molecules - glycans, which have profound effects on the IgG function, most significantly as modulators of its inflammatory capacity. Therefore, it is not surprising that the changes in IgG glycosylation pattern are associated with various physiological states and diseases, including aging and age-related diseases. Importantly, within the inflammaging concept, IgG glycans are considered not only biomarkers but one of the molecular effectors of the aging process. The exact mechanism by which they exert their function, however, remains unknown. In this review, we list and comment on, to our knowledge, all studies that examined changes in IgG glycosylation during aging in humans. We focus on the information obtained from studies on general population, but we also cover the insights obtained from studies of long-lived individuals and people with age-related diseases. We summarize the current knowledge on how levels of different IgG glycans change with age (i.e., the extent and direction of the change with age) and discuss the potential mechanisms and possible functional roles of changes in IgG glycopattern that accompany aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
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16
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Yang S, Cui M, Liu Q, Liao Q. Glycosylation of immunoglobin G in tumors: Function, regulation and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215902. [PMID: 36096412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant component in humoral immunity and the major effector of neutralizing heterogeneous antigens. Glycosylation, as excessive posttranscriptional modification, can modulate IgG immune function. Glycosylated IgG has been reported to correlate with tumor progression, presenting several characteristic modifications, including the core fucose, galactose, sialic acid, and the bisect N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Meanwhile, IgG glycosylation regulates tumor immunity involved in tumor progression and is thus a potential target. Herein, we summarized the research progression to provide novel insight into the application of IgG glycosylation in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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17
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Harnessing IgG Fc glycosylation for clinical benefit. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102231. [PMID: 35797920 PMCID: PMC9870045 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effector activity of IgG antibodies is regulated at several levels, including IgG subclass, modifications of the Fc glycan, and the distribution of Type I and II Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on effector cells. Here, we explore how Fc glycosylation, particularly sialylation and fucosylation, tunes cellular responses to immune complexes. We review the current understanding of the pathways and mechanisms underlying this biology, address FcγR in antigen presentation, and discuss aspects of the clinical understanding of Fc glycans in therapies and disease.
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18
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Gonzalez JC, Chakraborty S, Thulin NK, Wang TT. Heterogeneity in IgG-CD16 signaling in infectious disease outcomes. Immunol Rev 2022; 309:64-74. [PMID: 35781671 PMCID: PMC9539944 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss how IgG antibodies can modulate inflammatory signaling during viral infections with a focus on CD16a-mediated functions. We describe the structural heterogeneity of IgG antibody ligands, including subclass and glycosylation that impact binding by and downstream activity of CD16a, as well as the heterogeneity of CD16a itself, including allele and expression density. While inflammation is a mechanism required for immune homeostasis and resolution of acute infections, we focus here on two infectious diseases that are driven by pathogenic inflammatory responses during infection. Specifically, we review and discuss the evolving body of literature showing that afucosylated IgG immune complex signaling through CD16a contributes to the overwhelming inflammatory response that is central to the pathogenesis of severe forms of dengue disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saborni Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie K. Thulin
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Taia T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Su M, Liu X, Wang L, Song J, Zhou Z, Luo S, Zhao C. Risk factors for pregnancy-related clinical outcome in myasthenia gravis: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:52. [PMID: 35172854 PMCID: PMC8848664 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently affects females at reproductive age. Herein, we aimed to assess the associations of clinical factors with pregnancy-related outcome in MG. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE for case-control and cohort studies that reported the MG status during or after pregnancy and relevant clinical variables. The data was extracted in proportions and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in subsequent meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifteen eligible articles reporting on 734 pregnancies with 193 worsening and 51 improved episodes were included out of 1765 records. The estimated worsening proportions in total, antepartum and postpartum periods were 0.36 (95% CI 0.25-0.40), 0.23 (95% CI 0.14-0.34) and 0.11 (95% CI 0.04-0.22) respectively. The proportion of pregnancy-related improvement in enrolled patients was 0.28 (95% CI 0.17-0.40), with 0.07 (95% CI 0.00-0.28) during pregnancy and 0.14 (95% CI 0.02-0.34) after pregnancy. No significant associations were disclosed between the clinical factors and MG worsening. Thymectomy before delivery is a strong predictor for MG improvement in postpartum period (OR 4.85, 95% CI 1.88-12.50, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The total proportion of pregnancy-related MG worsening and improvement in MG was 0.36 (95% CI 0.25-0.40) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.17-0.40), respectively. Thymectomy before the delivery may aid in clinical improvements associated with pregnancy. Future prospective cohort studies are required to determine more relevant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiqige Su
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Song
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Radiation Oncology Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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