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Soliman Wadan AH, Abdelsattar Ahmed M, Hussein Ahmed A, El-Sayed Ellakwa D, Hamed Elmoghazy N, Gawish A. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Oral Diseases: Recent Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101942. [PMID: 39111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various systemic and localized diseases, including oral diseases like periodontitis, oral cancer, and temporomandibular joint disorders. This paper explores the intricate mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in oral pathologies, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired energy metabolism. Furthermore, it elucidates the bidirectional relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and oral diseases, wherein the compromised mitochondrial function exacerbates disease progression, while oral pathologies, in turn, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Understanding these intricate interactions offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function for managing oral diseases. This paper pertains to the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, its implications in various oral pathological and inflammatory conditions, and emerging versatile treatment approaches. It reviews current therapeutic strategies to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, mitochondrial-targeted agents, and metabolic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelsattar Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser Hussein Ahmed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantra Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hamed Elmoghazy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Abeer Gawish
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, Egypt; Sinai University Research Center (SURC), Sinai University, North Sinai, Egypt; Faculty of Graduate Studies, Sinai University, Arish Branche, North Sinai, Egypt; Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Al Azhar University, Egypt
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Wei B, Yue Q, Ka Y, Sun C, Zhao Y, Ning X, Jin Y, Gao J, Wu Y, Liu W. Identification and Validation of IFI44 as a Novel Biomarker for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5723-5740. [PMID: 39219820 PMCID: PMC11366250 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s477490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune condition marked by lymphocyte infiltration in the exocrine glands. Our study aimed to identify a novel biomarker for pSS to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods The gene expression profiles of pSS were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Random Forest (RF), and Recursive Feature Elimination with Support Vector Machines (SVM-RFE). A biomarker was picked out based on correlation and diagnostic performance, the connection between the biomarker and clinical traits and immune infiltrating cells was explored, and the biomarker's protein expression level in the serum of pSS patients was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network regulated by the biomarker was predicted to verify the reliability of the biomarker in diagnosing pSS. Results IFI44, XAF1, GBP1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, and IFI6 showed prominent diagnostic ability, with the high accuracy (AUC = 0.859) and significance (R ≥ 0.8) of IFI44 within the training dataset. IFI44 strongly exhibited a negative correlation with resting NK cells, macrophages M0, and eosinophils, and a positive correlation with activated dendritic cells, naive B cells, and activated CD4 memory T cells. Furthermore, IFI44 was significantly positively correlated with clinical traits such as IgG, SSA, SSB, ANA, and ESSDAI, with its protein expression level in the serum of pSS patients being notably elevated compared to controls (p < 0.001). Finally, the ceRNA regulatory network showed that hsa-miR-944, hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-126-5p, and hsa-miR-335-3p were significantly targeted IFI44, suggesting that IFI44 may serve as a dependable biomarker for pSS. Conclusion In this study, we dug out IFI44 as a biomarker for pSS, systematically studied the potential regulatory mechanism of IFI44, and verified its reliability as a biomarker for pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wei
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yue
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Ka
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Sun
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Ning
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Gao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Hou J, Feng Y, Yang Z, Ding Y, Cheng D, Shi Z, Li R, Xue L. Primary Sjögren's syndrome: new perspectives on salivary gland epithelial cells. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:371. [PMID: 39014509 PMCID: PMC11253495 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands such as the salivary glands, leading to impaired secretion and sicca symptoms. As the mainstay of salivation, salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have an important role in the pathology of pSS. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay between immunological factors and SGECs may not be the initial trigger or the sole mechanism responsible for xerostomia in pSS, challenging conventional perceptions. To deepen our understanding, current research regarding SGECs in pSS was reviewed. Among the extensive aberrations in cellular architecture and function, this review highlighted certain alterations of SGECs that were identified to occur independently of or in absence of lymphocytic infiltration. In particular, some of these alterations may serve as upstream factors of immuno-inflammatory responses. These findings underscore the significance of introspecting the pathogenesis of pSS and developing interventions targeting SGECs in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhixia Yang
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yimei Ding
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, 200 Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Rouxin Li
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Luan Xue
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Qi W, Tian J, Wang G, Yan Y, Wang T, Wei Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang J. Advances in cellular and molecular pathways of salivary gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405126. [PMID: 39050857 PMCID: PMC11266040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands. Primarily affected are the salivary glands, which exhibit the most frequent pathological changes. The pathogenesis involves susceptibility genes, non-genetic factors such as infections, immune cells-including T and B cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, and salivary gland epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators such as autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines also play a critical role. Key signaling pathways activated include IFN, TLR, BAFF/BAFF-R, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, among others. Comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SS-related salivary gland damage, aiming to propose novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Qi
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiexiang Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Ding Q, Xu Q, Hong Y, Zhou H, He X, Niu C, Tian Z, Li H, Zeng P, Liu J. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, Mendelian randomization, and eQTL reveals T cell-related nomogram model and subtype classification in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1399856. [PMID: 38962008 PMCID: PMC11219584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that attacks the joints and causes a heavy economic burden on humans worldwide. T cells regulate RA progression and are considered crucial targets for therapy. Therefore, we aimed to integrate multiple datasets to explore the mechanisms of RA. Moreover, we established a T cell-related diagnostic model to provide a new method for RA immunotherapy. Methods scRNA-seq and bulk-seq datasets for RA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Various methods were used to analyze and characterize the T cell heterogeneity of RA. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), we screened for potential pathogenic T cell marker genes in RA. Subsequently, we selected an optimal machine learning approach by comparing the nine types of machine learning in predicting RA to identify T cell-related diagnostic features to construct a nomogram model. Patients with RA were divided into different T cell-related clusters using the consensus clustering method. Finally, we performed immune cell infiltration and clinical correlation analyses of T cell-related diagnostic features. Results By analyzing the scRNA-seq dataset, we obtained 10,211 cells that were annotated into 7 different subtypes based on specific marker genes. By integrating the eQTL from blood and RA GWAS, combined with XGB machine learning, we identified a total of 8 T cell-related diagnostic features (MIER1, PPP1CB, ICOS, GADD45A, CD3D, SLFN5, PIP4K2A, and IL6ST). Consensus clustering analysis showed that RA could be classified into two different T-cell patterns (Cluster 1 and Cluster 2), with Cluster 2 having a higher T-cell score than Cluster 1. The two clusters involved different pathways and had different immune cell infiltration states. There was no difference in age or sex between the two different T cell patterns. In addition, ICOS and IL6ST were negatively correlated with age in RA patients. Conclusion Our findings elucidate the heterogeneity of T cells in RA and the communication role of these cells in an RA immune microenvironment. The construction of T cell-related diagnostic models provides a resource for guiding RA immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyuan Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yini Hong
- Gynecology Department, The First People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Zhou
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyu He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chicheng Niu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinesen Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
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Zehrfeld N, Abelmann M, Benz S, Zippel CL, Beider S, Kramer E, Seeliger T, Sogkas G, Gödecke V, Ahrenstorf G, Armbruster FP, Skripuletz T, Witte T, Derda AA, Sonnenschein K, Ernst D. Primary Sjögren's syndrome independently promotes premature subclinical atherosclerosis. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003559. [PMID: 38663882 PMCID: PMC11043759 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular comorbidities are common in patients with autoimmune diseases. This study investigates the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Correlations with clinical factors such as organ involvement (OI) or disease activity were analysed and oxLDL antibodies (oxLDL ab) were measured as potential biomarkers of vascular damage. METHODS Patients with pSS were consecutively included from the rheumatology outpatient clinic. Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited (2:1 ratio). Data collection was performed by a standardised questionnaire and Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the plaque extent and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Propensity score matching included all cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and corresponding laboratory markers. RESULTS Data were available for 299 participants (199 pSS/100 controls), aged 59.4 years (50.6-65.0), 19.1% male. After matching, the pSS cohort had greater cIMT (p<0.001) and plaque extent (OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.95). Subgroup analyses of patients with pSS revealed that OI was associated with increased cIMT (p=0.025) and increased plaque occurrence compared with patients without OI (OR=1.74; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.01). OxLDL ab tended to be lower in patients with plaque (p=0.052). Correlations of higher Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) ab with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (p<0.001) and anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies (SSA/Ro antibodies) (p=0.026) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical atherosclerosis occurs earlier and more severely in patients with pSS. The difference in cIMT between pSS and controls seems mainly driven by patients with OI, suggesting that this subgroup is particularly at risk. OxLDL ab might protect against atherosclerotic progression in patients with pSS. CVR stratification and preventive medications such as Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors should be discussed and further longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Zehrfeld
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Malin Abelmann
- Cardiology & Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sabrina Benz
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clara Luisa Zippel
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sonja Beider
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Emelie Kramer
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Tabea Seeliger
- Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Georgios Sogkas
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Vega Gödecke
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | | | - Torsten Witte
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Anselm Arthur Derda
- Cardiology & Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Diana Ernst
- Rheumatology & Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Hong J, Cheng H, Wang P, Wu Y, Lu S, Zhou Y, Wang XB, Zhu X. CXCL9 may serve as a potential biomarker for primary Sjögren's syndrome with extra-glandular manifestations. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:26. [PMID: 38229121 PMCID: PMC10792874 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune condition that causes harm to exocrine glands and also has extra-glandular manifestations (EGM). pSS patients with EGM have a worse prognosis than those with only sicca symptoms. Previous studies have shown that the minor salivary glands (MSG) of pSS patients exhibit a unique profile of cytokines and chemokines compared to healthy controls. However, there is a lack of research comparing pSS with EGM (pSS-EGM) and pSS without EGM (pSS-non-EGM). This study aims to explore potential biomarkers associated with pSS, particularly pSS with EGM. METHODS By utilizing RNA sequencing, we conducted an analysis on the gene expression profiles of MSG in 63 patients diagnosed with pSS, as well as 12 non-pSS individuals. Furthermore, we also investigated the MSG of pSS patients, both with and without EGM. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified genes with differential expression (DEGs) and determined the core hub genes using PPI network. We then analyzed the top 20 DEGs and their correlation with the patients' clinical characteristics, and validated our findings using peripheral blood plasma. RESULTS A total of 725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparison between pSS and non-pSS groups, and 727 DEGs were observed between pSS-EGM and pSS-non-EGM. It is noteworthy that the expression levels of CXCL9 were higher in both pSS patients and pSS-EGM when compared to the control group. Taking into consideration the significance of the top 20 DEGs in relation to clinical parameters and the central hub genes, we ultimately chose CXCL9. In comparison to the non-pSS group, pSS patients exhibited notably greater expression of the CXCL9 gene in the MSG, as well as higher levels of CXCL9 protein in their plasma (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the expression of the CXCL9 gene and levels of CXCL9 protein were notably higher in pSS patients accompanied by EGM and those with SSA antibodies. Additionally, a correlation was found between the expression of the CXCL9 gene and the EULAR Sjogren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), as well as with immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Meanwhile, the protein levels of CXCL9 were found to be correlated with IgG levels and ESSDAI. CONCLUSION CXCL9 proves to be a valuable biomarker in pSS, specifically due to its strong ability to differentiate between pSS patients with EGM and those without EGM. There is a significant correlation between CXCL9 and various clinical parameters both at the gene and protein level. Therefore, CXCL9 could be a potential target for future treatment of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Hong
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saisai Lu
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Bing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbai Xiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, China.
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Shen J, Wang Y, Deng X, Sana SRGL. Combining bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms to identify and analyze shared biomarkers and pathways in COVID-19 convalescence and diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1306325. [PMID: 38169604 PMCID: PMC10758397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients who had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fully recovered, but many others experienced acute sequelae or persistent symptoms. It is possible that acute COVID-19 recovery is just the beginning of a chronic condition. Even after COVID-19 recovery, it may lead to the exacerbation of hyperglycemia process or a new onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we used a combination of bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms to investigate shared pathways and biomarkers in DM and COVID-19 convalescence. Methods Gene transcriptome datasets of COVID-19 convalescence and diabetes mellitus from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were integrated using bioinformatics methods and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found using the R programme. These genes were also subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to find potential pathways. The hub DEGs genes were then identified by combining protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and machine learning algorithms. And transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs were predicted for DM after COVID-19 convalescence. In addition, the inflammatory and immune status of diabetes after COVID-19 convalescence was assessed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results In this study, we developed genetic diagnostic models for 6 core DEGs beteen type 1 DM (T1DM) and COVID-19 convalescence and 2 core DEGs between type 2 DM (T2DM) and COVID-19 convalescence and demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) and diagnostic validity in the validation set. Analysis of immune cell infiltration suggests that a variety of immune cells may be involved in the development of DM after COVID-19 convalescence. Conclusion We identified a genetic diagnostic model for COVID-19 convalescence and DM containing 8 core DEGs and constructed a nomogram for the diagnosis of COVID-19 convalescence DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Shen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaolou Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xijin Deng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Ri Gu Leng Sana
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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He W, Lu Y, Shi R, An Q, Zhao J, Gao X, Zhang L, Ma D. Application of omics in Sjögren's syndrome. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2089-2109. [PMID: 37878024 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) face many challenges, and there is an urgent need to develop new technologies to improve our understanding of SS. METHODS By searching the literature published domestically and internationally in the past 20 years, this artical reviewed the research of various omics techniques in SS. RESULTS Omics technology provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, condition and efficacy evaluation of SS. It is helpful to reveal the pathogenesis of the disease and explore new treatment schemes, which will open a new era for the study of SS. CONCLUSION At present, omics research has made some gratifying achievements, but there are still many uncertainties. Therefore, in the future, we should improve research techniques, standardize the collection of samples, and adopt a combination of multi-omics techniques to jointly study the pathogenesis of SS and provide new schemes for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin He
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongjing Shi
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinnan Gao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Rheumatic Diseases), Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Yu J, Wang S, Yang J, Huang W, Tang B, Peng W, Tian J. Exploring the mechanisms of action of Zengye decoction (ZYD) against Sjogren's syndrome (SS) using network pharmacology and animal experiment. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1286-1297. [PMID: 37606264 PMCID: PMC10446814 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2248188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zengye decoction (ZYD) has been considered to have a curative effect on Sjogren's syndrome (SS). However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain obscure. OBJECTIVES This research explores the mechanisms of ZYD against SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active compounds and targets of ZYD were searched in the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. SS-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed using 8 C57BL/6 mice that served as the control group (physiological saline treatment) and 16 NOD mice randomly divided into the model group (physiological saline treatment) and the ZYD group (ZYD treatment) for 8 weeks to verify the therapeutic effects of ZYD on SS. RESULTS Twenty-nine active compounds with 313 targets of ZYD and 1038 SS-related targets were screened. Thirty-two common targets were identified. β-Sitosterol and stigmasterol might be important components. GO analysis suggested that the action of ZYD against SS mainly involved oxidative stress, apoptotic processes, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding, etc. KEGG analysis indicated the most significant signaling pathway was apoptosis-multiple species. Animal experiments showed that ZYD improved lymphocytic infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs), reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in the model mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ZYD has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on SS, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of SS with ZYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuxinrui Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beikang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Dong Z, Wu L, Hong H. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15483. [PMID: 37895162 PMCID: PMC10607498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral inflammatory diseases (OIDs) include many common diseases such as periodontitis and pulpitis. The causes of OIDs consist microorganism, trauma, occlusal factors, autoimmune dis-eases and radiation therapy. When treated unproperly, such diseases not only affect oral health but also pose threat to people's overall health condition. Therefore, identifying OIDs at an early stage and exploring new therapeutic strategies are important tasks for oral-related research. Mitochondria are crucial organelles for many cellular activities and disruptions of mitochondrial function not only affect cellular metabolism but also indirectly influence people's health and life span. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many common polygenic diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development and progression of OIDs and its associated systemic diseases. In this review, we elucidated the critical insights into mitochondrial dysfunction and its involvement in the inflammatory responses in OIDs. We also summarized recent research progresses on the treatment of OIDs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and discussed the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Dong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.D.); (L.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.D.); (L.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hong Hong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.D.); (L.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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12
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Zhang N, Ji C, Bao X, Peng X, Tang M, Yuan C. Uncovering potential new biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35534. [PMID: 37832090 PMCID: PMC10578719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is known as autoimmune disease characterized by damage to endocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for pSS using integrated bioinformatics analysis and explore the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Three pSS datasets (GSE7451, GSE23117, and GSE40611) from the gene expression omnibus database were integrated. All the datasets were processed in R (version 4.0.3). A total of 16 immune cells and 13 immune functions were obtained. The top immune cell and immune function were "activated" dendritic cells and major histocompatibility complex class I. Correlation analysis showed the top correlation among 16 immune cells were B cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, check-point and T cell co-stimulation, respectively. In comparisons of immune score, "activated" dendritic cells (.657 vs 594, P < .001), B cells (.492 vs 434, P = .004), macrophages (.631 vs 601, P = .010), inflammation-promoting (.545 vs 478, P < .001), Type I interferon Reponse (.728 vs 625, P < .001) and so on were higher in pSS than control group. In correlation analysis, the up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 gene was strongly correlated with Type I interferon response with a correlation coefficient of .87. The receiver operating characteristic curve of 5 genes showed that the area under curve was.891. In the verification model, the area under curve was.881. In addition, disease ontology analysis supported the association between DEGs and pSS. In summary, pSS has a variety of DEGs in immune infiltration, which is worthy of the attention from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chaixia Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xinyin Peng
- Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoju Tang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
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13
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Luo D, Li L, Yang Y, Ye Y, Hu J, Zong Y, Zhao J, Gao Y, Xu H, Li N, Xie Y, Jiang L. Unraveling the transcriptome-based network of tfh cells in primary sjogren syndrome: insights from a systems biology approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216379. [PMID: 37638029 PMCID: PMC10448518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration. While the presence of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells in the glandular microenvironment has been observed, their biological functions and clinical significance remain poorly understood. Methods We enrolled a total of 106 patients with pSS and 46 patients without pSS for this study. Clinical data and labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsies were collected from all participants. Histological staining was performed to assess the distribution of Tfh cells and B cells. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on 56 patients with pSS and 26 patients without pSS to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of Tfh cells. To categorize patients, we employed the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm, dividing them into low- and high-Tfh groups. We then utilized gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and deconvolution tools to explore functional and immune infiltration differences between the low- and high-Tfh groups. Results Patients with pSS had a higher positive rate of the antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-Ro52, anti-SSA, anti-SSB and hypergammaglobulinaemia and higher levels of serum IgG compared to the non-pSS. Histopathologic analyses revealed the presence of Tfh cells (CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+) in germinal centers (GC) within the labial glands of pSS patients. GSEA, WGCNA, and correlation analysis indicated that the high-Tfh group was associated with an immune response related to virus-mediated IFN response and metabolic processes, primarily characterized by hypoxia, elevated glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation levels. In pSS, most immune cell types exhibited significantly higher infiltration levels in the high-Tfh group compared to the low-Tfh group. Additionally, patients in the Tfh-high group demonstrated a higher positive rate of the ANA, rheumatoid factor (RF), and hypergammaglobulinaemia, as well as higher serum IgG levels. Conclusion Our study suggests that Tfh cells may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pSS and could serve as potential therapeutic targets in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Wei W, Ye B, Huang Z, Mu X, Qiao J, Zhao P, Jiang Y, Wu J, Zhan X. Prediction of Prognosis, Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy with an Immune-Related Risk Score Model for Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3673. [PMID: 37509334 PMCID: PMC10377799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer. The overall survival remains unsatisfying due to the lack of effective treatment screening approaches. Immunotherapy as a promising therapy has been applied for EC treatment, but still fails in many cases. Therefore, there is a strong need to optimize the screening approach for clinical treatment. In this study, we employed co-expression network (GCN) analysis to mine immune-related GCN modules and key genes and further constructed an immune-related risk score model (IRSM). The IRSM was proved effective as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. The roles of IRSM-related genes in EC were confirmed by IHC. The molecular basis, tumor immune microenvironment and clinical characteristics of the IRSM were revealed. Moreover, the IRSM effectiveness was associated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy than those in the high-risk group. Interestingly, the patients responding to immunotherapy were also more sensitive to chemotherapy. Overall, we developed an IRSM which could be used to predict the prognosis, immunotherapy response and chemotherapy sensitivity of EC patients. Our analysis not only improves the treatment of EC but also offers targets for personalized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoling Mu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuehang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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15
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Luo D, Li L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Ye Y, Hu J, Gao Y, Zeng N, Fei X, Li N, Jiang L. Mitochondria-related genes and metabolic profiles of innate and adaptive immune cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156774. [PMID: 37497211 PMCID: PMC10366690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a prototypical systemic autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocyte infiltration and immune-complex deposition in multiple organs. The specific distribution of immune cell populations and their relationship with mitochondria remain unknown. Methods Histological analysis was performed to assess the specific distribution of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in labial salivary gland (LSG) samples from 30 patients with pSS and 13 patients with non-pSS. The ultrastructural morphometric features of mitochondria within immune cells were observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was performed on LSG samples from 40 patients with pSS and 7 non-pSS patients. The Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), ESTIMATE, and CIBERSORT algorithms and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between mitochondria-related genes and immune infiltration. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the mitochondria-specific genes and the related pathways based on the immune cell types. Results HE staining revealed a massive infiltration of plasma cells with abundant immunoglobulin protein distributed around phenotypically normal-appearing acinar and ductal tissues of patients with pSS. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that innate immune cells (macrophages, eosinophils and NK cells) were distributed throughout the glandular tissue. Dominant adaptive immune cell infiltration composed of B cells, CD4+T cells and CD8+ T cells or ectopic lymphoid follicle-like structures were observed in the LSGs of patients with pSS. TEM validated the swelling of mitochondria with disorganised cristae in some lymphocytes that had invaded the glandular tissue. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis revealed that innate and adaptive immune cells were associated with different mitochondrial metabolism pathways. Mitochondrial electron transport and respiratory chain complexes in the glandular microenvironment were positively correlated with innate immune cells, whereas amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism were negatively correlated with adaptive immune cells. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial apoptosis in the glandular microenvironment were closely associated with adaptive immune cells. Conclusion Innate and adaptive immune cells have distinct distribution profiles in the salivary gland tissues of patients with pSS and are associated with different mitochondrial metabolic pathways, which may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yura Y, Hamada M. Outline of Salivary Gland Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11179. [PMID: 37446355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of exocrine glands such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. The minor salivary glands, from which tissue samples may be obtained, are important for the diagnosis, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and genetic analyses of SS. In the onset of SS, autoantigens derived from the salivary glands are recognized by antigen-presenting dendritic cells, leading to the activation of T and B cells, cytokine production, autoantibody production by plasma cells, the formation of ectopic germinal centers, and the destruction of salivary gland epithelial cells. A recent therapeutic approach with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant tumors enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic effector T cells, but also induces SS-like autoimmune disease as an adverse event. In the treatment of xerostomia, muscarinic agonists and salivary gland duct cleansing procedure, as well as sialendoscopy, are expected to ameliorate symptoms. Clinical trials on biological therapy to attenuate the hyperresponsiveness of B cells in SS patients with systemic organ involvement have progressed. The efficacy of treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells for SS has also been investigated. In this review, we will provide an overview of the pathogenesis of salivary gland lesions and recent trends in therapeutic approaches for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zhong Y, Zhang W, Liu D, Zeng Z, Liao S, Cai W, Liu J, Li L, Hong X, Tang D, Dai Y. Screening biomarkers for Sjogren's Syndrome by computer analysis and evaluating the expression correlations with the levels of immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1023248. [PMID: 37383223 PMCID: PMC10294232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1023248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects about 0.04-0.1% of the general population. SS diagnosis depends on symptoms, clinical signs, autoimmune serology, and even invasive histopathological examination. This study explored biomarkers for SS diagnosis. Methods We downloaded three datasets of SS patients' and healthy pepole's whole blood (GSE51092, GSE66795, and GSE140161) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used machine learning algorithm to mine possible diagnostic biomarkers for SS patients. Additionally, we assessed the biomarkers' diagnostic value using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, we confirmed the expression of the biomarkers through the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using our own Chinese cohort. Eventually, the proportions of 22 immune cells in SS patients were calculated by CIBERSORT, and connections between the expression of the biomarkers and immune cell ratios were studied. Results We obtained 43 DEGs that were mainly involved in immune-related pathways. Next, 11 candidate biomarkers were selected and validated by the validation cohort data set. Besides, the area under curves (AUC) of XAF1, STAT1, IFI27, HES4, TTC21A, and OTOF in the discovery and validation datasets were 0.903 and 0.877, respectively. Subsequently, eight genes, including HES4, IFI27, LY6E, OTOF, STAT1, TTC21A, XAF1, and ZCCHC2, were selected as prospective biomarkers and verified by RT-qPCR. Finally, we revealed the most relevant immune cells with the expression of HES4, IFI27, LY6E, OTOF, TTC21A, XAF1, and ZCCHC2. Conclusion In this paper, we identified seven key biomarkers that have potential value for diagnosing Chinese SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhong
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Innovative Markers Department, Fapon Biotech Inc., Dongguan, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyou Liao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Yang K, Wang Q, Wu L, Gao QC, Tang S. Development and verification of a combined diagnostic model for primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8641. [PMID: 37244954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease mostly affecting the exocrine glands. This debilitating condition is complex and specific treatments remain unavailable. There is a need for the development of novel diagnostic models for early screening. Four gene profiling datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The 'limma' software package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A random forest-supervised classification algorithm was used to screen disease-specific genes, and three machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM), were used to build a pSS diagnostic model. The performance of the model was measured using its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Immune cell infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. A total of 96 DEGs were identified. By utilizing a RF classifier, a set of 14 signature genes that are pivotal in transcription regulation and disease progression in pSS were identified. Through the utilization of training and testing datasets, diagnostic models for pSS were successfully designed using ANN, RF, and SVM, resulting in AUCs of 0.972, 1.00, and 0.9742, respectively. The validation set yielded AUCs of 0.766, 0.8321, and 0.8223. It was the RF model that produced the best prediction performance out of the three models tested. As a result, an early predictive model for pSS was successfully developed with high diagnostic performance, providing a valuable resource for the screening and early diagnosis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Big Data for Clinical Decision Research, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Big Data for Clinical Decision Research, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Tang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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19
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Mohammadnezhad L, Shekarkar Azgomi M, La Manna MP, Guggino G, Botta C, Dieli F, Caccamo N. B-Cell Receptor Signaling Is Thought to Be a Bridge between Primary Sjogren Syndrome and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098385. [PMID: 37176092 PMCID: PMC10179133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is the second most common autoimmune disorder worldwide, which, in the worst scenario, progresses to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Despite extensive studies, there is still a lack of knowledge about developing pSS for NHL. This study focused on cells' signaling in pSS progression to the NHL type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using bulk RNA and single cell analysis, we found five novel pathologic-independent clusters in DLBCL based on cells' signaling. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling was identified as the only enriched signal in DLBCL and pSS peripheral naive B-cells or salivary gland-infiltrated cells. The evaluation of the genes in association with BCR has revealed that targeting CD79A, CD79B, and LAMTOR4 as the shared genes can provide novel biomarkers for pSS progression into lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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20
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Qian H, Qian Y, Liu Y, Cao J, Wang Y, Yang A, Zhao W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhu W. Identification of novel biomarkers involved in doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, respectively, by integrated bioinformatics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:996809. [PMID: 36712272 PMCID: PMC9874088 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.996809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity were complex and controversial, with various contradictions between experimental and clinical data. Understanding the differences in the molecular mechanism between DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity may be an ideal entry point to solve this dilemma. Methods Mice were injected intraperitoneally with DOX [(20 mg/kg, once) or (5 mg/kg/week, three times)] to construct acute and chronic cardiotoxicity models, respectively. Survival record and ultrasound monitored the cardiac function. The corresponding left ventricular (LV) myocardium tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) found the key biological processes and signaling pathways. DOX cardiotoxicity datasets from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were combined with RNA-seq to identify the common genes. Cytoscape analyzed the hub genes, which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. ImmuCo and ImmGen databases analyzed the correlations between hub genes and immunity-relative markers in immune cells. Cibersort analyzed the immune infiltration and correlations between the hub genes and the immune cells. Logistic regression, receiver operator characteristic curve, and artificial neural network analysis evaluated the diagnosis ability of hub genes for clinical data in the GEO dataset. Results The survival curves and ultrasound monitoring demonstrated that cardiotoxicity models were constructed successfully. In the acute model, 788 DEGs were enriched in the activated metabolism and the suppressed immunity-associated signaling pathways. Three hub genes (Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds) were upregulated and were negatively correlated with a colony of immune-activating cells. However, in the chronic model, 281 DEGs showed that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related signaling pathways were the critical events. Three hub genes (Hsph1, Abcb1a, and Vegfa) were increased in the chronic model. Furthermore, Hsph1 combined with Vegfa was positively correlated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-induced heart failure (HF) and had high accuracy in the diagnosis of DCM-induced HF (AUC = 0.898, P = 0.000). Conclusion Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds were ideal biomarkers in DOX acute cardiotoxicity. However, Hsph1 and Vegfa were potential biomarkers in the myocardium in the chronic model. Our research, first, provided bioinformatics and clinical evidence for the discovery of the differences in mechanism and potential biomarkers of DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity to find a therapeutic strategy precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China,Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yingnan Lu
- School of Overseas Education, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Liu
- Shanghai Labway Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China,*Correspondence: Weizhong Zhu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-3210
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21
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PSMC6 induces immune cell infiltration and inflammatory response to aggravate primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:263-271. [PMID: 36599955 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that immune cell infiltration is involved in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, this study aims to explore the key molecular mechanism in immune cell infiltration in pSS based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to acquire the pSS-related module genes. Moreover, pSS-related DEGs and module genes were intersected. Additionally, the correlation between key genes and immune cell infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm. Furthermore, pSS mouse models were established to explore the effects of PSMC6 on immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses in pSS. A total of 51 DEGs and 334 key module genes were involved in the occurrence of pSS. The immune cell infiltration was correlated with pSS, and PSMC6, highly expressed in pSS samples, may be the key immune gene. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that PSMC6 was upregulated in pSS, and PSMC6 knockdown could reduce lymphocytic infiltration in salivary glands and lacrimal glands and the levels of related inflammatory factors in the pSS and increase the proportion of Treg cells. Collectively, PSMC6 could induce immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses to promote the occurrence of pSS, providing us with a potential therapeutic target for treating pSS.
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22
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IRF9 and XAF1 as Diagnostic Markers of Primary Sjogren Syndrome. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1867321. [PMID: 36132546 PMCID: PMC9484944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1867321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands. It is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Genetic contributions and disturbed biological systems are the two major causes of pSS, but its etiology is unclear. This study is aimed at identifying potential pSS diagnostic markers and mechanisms at the transcriptome level. Methods. Whole blood datasets of patients with pSS were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the online tool, GEO2R. R software was used to perform enrichment analyses to understand the functions and enriched pathways of the DEGs. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes and significant gene clusters. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression was used to screen pSS diagnostic markers. The expression level and diagnostic performance of the identified genes were tested using another GEO dataset. Results. A total of 221 DEGs were screened from the whole blood samples of 161 patients with pSS and 59 healthy controls. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were mostly enriched in defense response to virus, response to virus, and type I interferon signaling pathway. Cytoscape identified 10 hub genes and two gene clusters. IRF9 (
) and XAF1 (
) were identified as pSS diagnostic markers. The expression levels of the two identified genes were validated by GSE51092. Conclusion. IRF9 and XAF1 were identified as diagnostic markers. The potential underlying molecular mechanism of pSS was explored.
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23
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Luo H, Zhou X. Bioinformatics analysis of potential common pathogenic mechanisms for COVID-19 infection and primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938837. [PMID: 35958619 PMCID: PMC9360424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAccumulating evidence has revealed that the prevalence of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was significantly higher in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) compared to the general population. However, the mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. This study aimed to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of this complication.MethodsThe gene expression profiles of COVID-19 (GSE157103) and pSS (GSE40611) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for pSS and COVID-19, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module construction and hub gene identification were performed. Finally, we constructed transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network and TF-miRNA regulatory network for hub genes.ResultsA total of 40 common DEGs were selected for subsequent analyses. Functional analyses showed that cellular components and metabolic pathways collectively participated in the development and progression of pSS and COVID-19. Finally, 12 significant hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plugin, including CMPK2, TYMS, RRM2, HERC5, IFI44L, IFI44, IFIT2, IFIT1, IFIT3, MX1, CDCA2 and TOP2A, which had preferable values as diagnostic markers for COVID-19 and pSS.ConclusionsOur study reveals common pathogenesis of pSS and COVID-19. These common pathways and pivotal genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou,
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24
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Li N, Li Y, Hu J, Wu Y, Yang J, Fan H, Li L, Luo D, Ye Y, Gao Y, Xu H, Hai W, Jiang L. A Link Between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Immune Microenvironment of Salivary Glands in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845209. [PMID: 35359935 PMCID: PMC8964148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is a slowly progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands. It becomes more recognized that morphology alterations of epithelial mitochondria are involved in altered cellular bioenergetics in pSS patients. The integrated analysis of the mitochondrial role in the pathogenesis and aberrant immune microenvironment in pSS remains unknown. Methods The mitochondria-related genes and gene expression data were downloaded from the MitoMiner, MitoCarta, and NCBI GEO databases. We performed novel transcriptomic analysis and constructed a network between the mitochondrial function and immune microenvironment in pSS-salivary glands by computer-aided algorithms. Subsequently, real-time PCR was performed in clinical samples in order to validate the bioinformatics results. Histological staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were further studied on labial salivary gland samples of non-pSS and pSS patients characterized for mitochondria-related phenotypic observation in the different stages of the disease. Results The bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of several mitochondria-related genes was altered in pSS. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that four hub genes, CD38, CMPK2, TBC1D9, and PYCR1, were differentially expressed in the pSS clinical samples. These hub genes were associated with the degree of immune cell infiltration in salivary glands, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, mitochondrial metabolic pathway in gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, and pyruvate/ketone/lipid/amino acid metabolism in pSS. Clinical data revealed that the gene expression of fission (Fis1, DRP1, and MFF) and fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) was downregulated in pSS samples, consistent with the results from the public validation database. As the disease progressed, cytochrome c and Bcl-2 proteins were regionally distributed in salivary glands from pSS patients. TEM revealed cytoplasmic lipid droplets and progressively swollen mitochondria in salivary epithelial cells. Conclusion Our study revealed cross talk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the immune microenvironment in salivary glands of pSS patients, which may provide important insights into SS clinical management based on modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Fan
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Wangxi Hai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yiming Gao, ; Haimin Xu, ; Wangxi Hai, ; Liting Jiang,
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