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Li J, Xing H, Meng F, Liu T, Hong X, Han X, Dong Y, Li M, Wang Z, Zhang S, Cui C, Zheng A. Virus-Mimetic Extracellular-Vesicle Vaccine Boosts Systemic and Mucosal Immunity via Immune Recruitment. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39013102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines can prevent viruses from infecting the respiratory mucosa, rather than only curtailing infection and protecting against the development of disease symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a compelling vaccine target but is undermined by suboptimal mucosal immunogenicity. Here, we report a SARS-CoV-2-mimetic extracellular-vesicle vaccine developed using genetic engineering and dendritic cell membrane budding. After mucosal immunization, the vaccine recruits antigen-presenting cells rapidly initiating a strong innate immune response. Notably, it obviates the need for adjuvants and can induce germinal center formation through both intramuscular and intratracheal vaccination. It not only elicits high levels of RBD-specific antibodies but also stimulates extensive cellular immunity in the respiratory mucosa. A sequential immunization strategy, starting with an intramuscular injection followed by an intratracheal booster, significantly bolsters mucosal immunity with high levels of IgA and tissue-resident memory T cell responses, thereby establishing a formidable defense against pseudovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haonan Xing
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaolu Han
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunying Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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2
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Sato H, Meng S, Hara T, Tsuji Y, Arao Y, Sasaki K, Kobayashi S, di Luccio E, Hirotsu T, Satoh T, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Ishii H. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Prognostic Significance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1342. [PMID: 38927549 PMCID: PMC11202222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers, which include a variety of esophageal and colorectal malignancies, present a global health challenge and require effective treatment strategies. In the evolving field of cancer immunotherapy, tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) have emerged as important players in the immune response within nonlymphoid tissues. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and functions of Trm cells and discuss their profound implications for patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. Positioned strategically in peripheral tissues, Trm cells have functions beyond immune surveillance, affecting tumor progression, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. Studies indicate that Trm cells are prognostic markers and correlate positively with enhanced survival. Their presence in the tumor microenvironment has sparked interest in their therapeutic potential, particularly with respect to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may improve cancer treatment. Understanding how Trm cells work will not only help to prevent cancer spread through effective treatment but will also contribute to disease prevention at early stages as well as vaccine development. The role of Trm cells goes beyond just cancer, and they have potential applications in infectious and autoimmune diseases. This review provides a thorough analysis of Trm cells in gastrointestinal cancers, which may lead to personalized and effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Sato
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sikun Meng
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Tomoaki Hara
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Yoshiko Tsuji
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Yasuko Arao
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eric di Luccio
- Hirotsu Bio Science Inc., Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan
| | | | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.)
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3
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Airola C, Andaloro S, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Vaccine Responses in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: From the Immune System to the Gut Microbiota. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:349. [PMID: 38675732 PMCID: PMC11054513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines prevent a significant number of deaths annually. However, certain populations do not respond adequately to vaccination due to impaired immune systems. Cirrhosis, a condition marked by a profound disruption of immunity, impairs the normal immunization process. Critical vaccines for cirrhotic patients, such as the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza, pneumococcal, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), often elicit suboptimal responses in these individuals. The humoral response, essential for immunization, is less effective in cirrhosis due to a decline in B memory cells and an increase in plasma blasts, which interfere with the creation of a long-lasting response to antigen vaccination. Additionally, some T cell subtypes exhibit reduced activation in cirrhosis. Nonetheless, the persistence of memory T cell activity, while not preventing infections, may help to attenuate the severity of diseases in these patients. Alongside that, the impairment of innate immunity, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs), prevents the normal priming of adaptive immunity, interrupting the immunization process at its onset. Furthermore, cirrhosis disrupts the gut-liver axis balance, causing dysbiosis, reduced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation. Undermining the physiological activity of the immune system, these alterations could impact the vaccine response. Enhancing the understanding of the molecular and cellular factors contributing to impaired vaccination responses in cirrhotic patients is crucial for improving vaccine efficacy in this population and developing better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (S.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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White CL, Glover MA, Gandhapudi SK, Richards KA, Sant AJ. Flublok Quadrivalent Vaccine Adjuvanted with R-DOTAP Elicits a Robust and Multifunctional CD4 T Cell Response That Is of Greater Magnitude and Functional Diversity Than Conventional Adjuvant Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:281. [PMID: 38543915 PMCID: PMC10975948 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. CD4+ T cells, known to target many viral proteins and highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms. Despite this potential, CD4+ T cells are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have analyzed a promising new adjuvant (R-DOTAP), as well as conventional adjuvant systems AddaVax with or without an added TLR9 agonist CpG, to promote CD4+ T cell responses to the licensed vaccine Flublok containing H1, H3, and HA-B proteins. Our studies, using a preclinical mouse model of vaccination, revealed that the addition of R-DOTAP to Flublok dramatically enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes, far outperforming conventional adjuvant systems based on cytokine EliSpot assays and multiparameter flow cytometry. The elicited CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived epitopes produce IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4/5, and granzyme B and have multifunctional potential. Hence, R-DOTAP, which has been verified safe by human studies, can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle L. White
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Maryah A. Glover
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Siva K. Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
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5
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Hassert M, Pewe LL, He R, Heidarian M, Phruttiwanichakun P, van de Wall S, Mix MR, Salem AK, Badovinac VP, Harty JT. Regenerating murine CD8+ lung tissue resident memory T cells after targeted radiation exposure. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231144. [PMID: 38363548 PMCID: PMC10873130 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure occurs during medical procedures, nuclear accidents, or spaceflight, making effective medical countermeasures a public health priority. Naïve T cells are highly sensitive to radiation-induced depletion, although their numbers recover with time. Circulating memory CD8+ T cells are also depleted by radiation; however, their numbers do not recover. Critically, the impact of radiation exposure on tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) remains unknown. Here, we found that sublethal thorax-targeted radiation resulted in the rapid and prolonged numerical decline of influenza A virus (IAV)-specific lung TRM in mice, but no decline in antigen-matched circulating memory T cells. Prolonged loss of lung TRM was associated with decreased heterosubtypic immunity. Importantly, boosting with IAV-epitope expressing pathogens that replicate in the lungs or peripheral tissues or with a peripherally administered mRNA vaccine regenerated lung TRM that was derived largely from circulating memory CD8+ T cells. Designing effective vaccination strategies to regenerate TRM will be important in combating the immunological effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Hassert
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lecia L. Pewe
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohammad Heidarian
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Programs, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pornpoj Phruttiwanichakun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephanie van de Wall
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madison R. Mix
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Programs, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T. Harty
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology Graduate Programs, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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6
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Hsieh MS, Hsu CW, Liao HC, Lin CL, Chiang CY, Chen MY, Liu SJ, Liao CL, Chen HW. SARS-CoV-2 spike-FLIPr fusion protein plus lipidated FLIPr protects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. J Virol 2024; 98:e0154623. [PMID: 38299865 PMCID: PMC10878263 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01546-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced mucosal immunity and broad protective capacity against various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remain inadequate. Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), produced by Staphylococcus aureus, can bind to various Fcγ receptor subclasses. Recombinant lipidated FLIPr (rLF) was previously found to be an effective adjuvant. In this study, we developed a vaccine candidate, the recombinant Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike (rDS)-FLIPr fusion protein (rDS-F), which employs the property of FLIPr binding to various Fcγ receptors. Our study shows that rDS-F plus rLF promotes rDS capture by dendritic cells. Intranasal vaccination of mice with rDS-F plus rLF increases persistent systemic and mucosal antibody responses and CD4/CD8 T-cell responses. Importantly, antibodies induced by rDS-F plus rLF vaccination neutralize Delta, Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Omicron strains. Additionally, rDS-F plus rLF provides protective effects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters by reducing inflammation and viral loads in the lung. Therefore, rDS-F plus rLF is a potential vaccine candidate to induce broad protective responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.IMPORTANCEMucosal immunity is vital for combating pathogens, especially in the context of respiratory diseases like COVID-19. Despite this, most approved vaccines are administered via injection, providing systemic but limited mucosal protection. Developing vaccines that stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity to address future coronavirus mutations is a growing trend. However, eliciting strong mucosal immune responses without adjuvants remains a challenge. In our study, we have demonstrated that using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr) fusion protein as an antigen, in combination with recombinant lipidated FLIPr as an effective adjuvant, induced simultaneous systemic and mucosal immune responses through intranasal immunization in mice and hamster models. This approach offered protection against various SARS-CoV-2 strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for broad protection. This finding is pivotal for future broad-spectrum vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Hsieh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ling Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Uddbäck I, Michalets SE, Saha A, Mattingly C, Kost KN, Williams ME, Lawrence LA, Hicks SL, Lowen AC, Ahmed H, Thomsen AR, Russell CJ, Scharer CD, Boss JM, Koelle K, Antia R, Christensen JP, Kohlmeier JE. Prevention of respiratory virus transmission by resident memory CD8 + T cells. Nature 2024; 626:392-400. [PMID: 38086420 PMCID: PMC11040656 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
An ideal vaccine both attenuates virus growth and disease in infected individuals and reduces the spread of infections in the population, thereby generating herd immunity. Although this strategy has proved successful by generating humoral immunity to measles, yellow fever and polio, many respiratory viruses evolve to evade pre-existing antibodies1. One approach for improving the breadth of antiviral immunity against escape variants is through the generation of memory T cells in the respiratory tract, which are positioned to respond rapidly to respiratory virus infections2-6. However, it is unknown whether memory T cells alone can effectively surveil the respiratory tract to the extent that they eliminate or greatly reduce viral transmission following exposure of an individual to infection. Here we use a mouse model of natural parainfluenza virus transmission to quantify the extent to which memory CD8+ T cells resident in the respiratory tract can provide herd immunity by reducing both the susceptibility of acquiring infection and the extent of transmission, even in the absence of virus-specific antibodies. We demonstrate that protection by resident memory CD8+ T cells requires the antiviral cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) and leads to altered transcriptional programming of epithelial cells within the respiratory tract. These results suggest that tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in the respiratory tract can have important roles in protecting the host against viral disease and limiting viral spread throughout the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Uddbäck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Michalets
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ananya Saha
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cameron Mattingly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirsten N Kost
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Elliott Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurel A Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sakeenah L Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katia Koelle
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Son YM, Cheon IS, Li C, Sun J. Persistent B Cell-Derived MHC Class II Signaling Is Required for the Optimal Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Helper T Cells. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:163-171. [PMID: 38345472 PMCID: PMC10916357 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have identified the critical roles of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) and B (BRM) cells in the protection against mucosal viral infections, but the underlying mechanisms regulating robust development of TRM and BRM cells remain incompletely understood. We have recently shown that tissue-resident helper CD4+ T (TRH) cells, developed following influenza virus infection, function to sustain the optimal maintenance of TRM and BRM cells at the mucosal surface. In this study, we have explored the cellular and molecular cues modulating lung TRH persistence after influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. We found that TRH cells were colocalized in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with local B cells. Abolishing TLSs or the depletion of B cells impaired lung TRH cell numbers. Of note, we found that persistent TCR signaling is needed for the maintenance of TRH cells after the clearance of infectious influenza virus. Furthermore, selective ablation of B cell-derived MHC class II resulted in partial reduction of lung TRH cell number after influenza infection. Our findings suggest that the interaction between lung-resident TRH cells and B cells, along with persistent Ag stimulation, is required to maintain TRH cells after respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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9
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Billet A, Hadjerci J, Tran T, Kessler P, Ulmer J, Mourier G, Ghazarian M, Gonzalez A, Thai R, Urquia P, Van Baelen AC, Meola A, Fernandez I, Deville-Foillard S, MacDonald E, Paolini L, Schmidt F, Rey FA, Kay MS, Tartour E, Servent D, Johannes L. A synthetic delivery vector for mucosal vaccination. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122298. [PMID: 37713762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The success of mRNA-based vaccines during the Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of this new platform for vaccine development against infectious disease. However, the CD8+ T cell response remains modest with mRNA vaccines, and these do not induce mucosal immunity, which would be needed to prevent viral spread in the healthy population. To address this drawback, we developed a dendritic cell targeting mucosal vaccination vector, the homopentameric STxB. Here, we describe the highly efficient chemical synthesis of the protein, and its in vitro folding. This straightforward preparation led to a synthetic delivery tool whose biophysical and intracellular trafficking characteristics were largely indistinguishable from recombinant STxB. The chemical approach allowed for the generation of new variants with bioorthogonal handles. Selected variants were chemically coupled to several types of antigens derived from the mucosal viruses SARS-CoV-2 and type 16 human papillomavirus. Upon intranasal administration in mice, mucosal immunity, including resident memory CD8+ T cells and IgA antibodies was induced against these antigens. Our study thereby identifies a novel synthetic antigen delivery tool for mucosal vaccination with an unmatched potential to respond to an urgent medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Billet
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France; Université de Paris, 85 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Justine Hadjerci
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Thi Tran
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Gilles Mourier
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Marine Ghazarian
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Gonzalez
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Annalisa Meola
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Fernandez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Deville-Foillard
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France; Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Kay
- University of Utah, Department of Biochemistry Biopolymers Research Building, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5700, USA
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, PARIS, France; Department of Immunology, Hopital Europeen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Cedex 15 75908, France.
| | - Denis Servent
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, DMTS/SIMoS, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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Dotiwala F, Upadhyay AK. Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1585. [PMID: 37896988 PMCID: PMC10611113 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing humoral and cytotoxic mucosal immunity at the sites of pathogen entry has the potential to prevent the infection from getting established. This is different from systemic vaccination, which protects against the development of systemic symptoms. The field of mucosal vaccination has seen fewer technological advances compared to nucleic acid and subunit vaccine advances for injectable vaccine platforms. The advent of the next-generation adenoviral vectors has given a boost to mucosal vaccine research. Basic research into the mechanisms regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and the discovery of effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvants will continue to improve mucosal vaccine design. The results from clinical trials of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate their ability to induce the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and the production of secreted IgA and IgG antibodies locally, unlike intramuscular vaccinations. However, these mucosal vaccines induce systemic immune responses at par with systemic vaccinations. This review summarizes the function of the respiratory mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and the advantages that the adenoviral vectors provide as inhaled vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokh Dotiwala
- Ocugen Inc., 11 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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11
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Silvestri Y, Clemente F, Moschetti G, Maioli S, Carelli E, Espadas de Arias A, Torelli R, Longhi E, De Feo T, Crosti M, Sarnicola ML, Salvi M, Mantovani G, Arosio M, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Grifantini R, Abrignani S, Geginat J, Muller I. SARS-COV-2 specific t-cells in patients with thyroid disorders related to COVID-19 are enriched in the thyroid and acquire a tissue-resident memory phenotype. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109684. [PMID: 37451415 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infections have been associated with the onset of thyroid disorders like classic subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or atypical SAT upon severe COVID disease (COV-A-SAT). Little is known about thyroid anti-viral immune responses. OBJECTIVES To define the role of T-cells in COV-A-SAT. METHODS T-cells from COV-A-SAT patients were analyzed by multi-dimensional flow cytometry, UMAP and DiffusionMap dimensionality reduction and FlowSOM clustering. T-cells from COVID-naïve healthy donors, patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (ATD) and with SAT following COVID vaccination were analyzed as controls. T-cells were analyzed four and eight months post-infection in peripheral blood and in thyroid specimen obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. SARS-COV2-specific T-cells were identified by cytokine production induced by SARS-COV2-derived peptides and with COVID peptide-loaded HLA multimers after HLA haplotyping. RESULTS COV-A-SAT was associated with HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-B*57. COV-A-SAT patients contained activated Th1- and cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ effector cells four months post-infection, which acquired a quiescent memory phenotype after eight months. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were readily detectable in peripheral blood four months post-infection, but were reduced after eight months. CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory cells (TRM) were present in the thyroid, and circulating CXCR3+T-cells identified as their putative precursors. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells were enriched in the thyroid, and acquired a TRM phenotype eight months post-infection. CONCLUSIONS The association of COV-A-SAT with specific HLA haplotypes suggests a genetic predisposition and a key role for T-cells. COV-A-SAT is characterized by a prolonged systemic anti-viral effector T-cell response and the late generation of COVID-specific TRM in the thyroid target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Silvestri
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moschetti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Maioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Carelli
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Espadas de Arias
- S.C. Trapianti Lombardia - NITp, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Sforza 35 c/o INGM, 20122 Milano, Iraly
| | - Rosanna Torelli
- S.C. Trapianti Lombardia - NITp, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Sforza 35 c/o INGM, 20122 Milano, Iraly
| | - Elena Longhi
- S.C. Trapianti Lombardia - NITp, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Sforza 35 c/o INGM, 20122 Milano, Iraly
| | - Tullia De Feo
- S.C. Trapianti Lombardia - NITp, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Sforza 35 c/o INGM, 20122 Milano, Iraly
| | | | | | - Mario Salvi
- Struttura Complessa Endocrinologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Struttura Complessa Endocrinologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Struttura Complessa Endocrinologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Muller
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Struttura Complessa Endocrinologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Zhu W, Park J, Pho T, Wei L, Dong C, Kim J, Ma Y, Champion JA, Wang BZ. ISCOMs/MPLA-Adjuvanted SDAD Protein Nanoparticles Induce Improved Mucosal Immune Responses and Cross-Protection in Mice. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301801. [PMID: 37162451 PMCID: PMC10524461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidemics caused by the influenza virus are a serious threat to public health and the economy. Adding appropriate adjuvants to improve immunogenicity and finding effective mucosal vaccines to combat respiratory infection at the portal of virus entry are important strategies to boost protection. In this study, a novel type of core/shell protein nanoparticle consisting of influenza nucleoprotein (NP) as the core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins as the coating antigens by SDAD hetero-bifunctional crosslinking is exploited. Immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs)/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adjuvants further boost the NP/NA-M2e SDAD protein nanoparticle-induced immune responses when administered intramuscularly. The ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles are delivered through the intranasal route to validate the application as mucosal vaccines. ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted nanoparticles induce significantly strengthened antigen-specific antibody responses, cytokine-secreting splenocytes in the systemic compartment, and higher levels of antigen-specific IgA and IgG in the local mucosa. Meanwhile, significantly expanded lung resident memory (RM) T and B cells (TRM /BRM ) and alveolar macrophages population are observed in ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted nanoparticle-immunized mice with a 100% survival rate after homogeneous and heterogeneous H3N2 viral challenges. Taken together, ISCOMs/MPLA-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles could improve strong systemic and mucosal immune responses conferring protection in different immunization routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Park
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Thomas Pho
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Joo Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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13
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Fraser R, Orta-Resendiz A, Mazein A, Dockrell DH. Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:255-267. [PMID: 36764906 PMCID: PMC9868365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding viral evolution, and the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control of infection, and can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are not amenable to adequate respiratory mucosal delivery, particularly in the upper airways, which could account for the high vaccine breakthrough infection rates and limited duration of vaccine-mediated protection. In view of these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that has the potential to enhance both the efficacy and durability of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, by inducing robust memory responses in the upper respiratory tract (URT) mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Fraser
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - David H Dockrell
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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14
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030539. [PMID: 36992123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines are mainly used as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite several issues concerning storage, stability, effective period, and side effects, viral vector vaccines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Recently, viral vector-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as useful tools, owing to their safety and ability to escape from neutral antibodies. Herein, we summarize the possible cellular mechanisms underlying EV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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15
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Henson TR, Richards KA, Gandhapudi SK, Woodward JG, Sant AJ. R-DOTAP Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Outperform Squalene-Based Adjuvant Systems in Elicitation of CD4 T Cells after Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Vaccination. Viruses 2023; 15:538. [PMID: 36851752 PMCID: PMC9959843 DOI: 10.3390/v15020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. Prototypic pathogens of this type are influenza and SARS-CoV-2, where the receptor-binding protein exhibits extremely high variability in its receptor-binding regions. T cells, known to target many viral proteins, and within these, highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms but are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have studied a promising novel pure enantio-specific cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (R-DOTAP), which was previously recognized for its ability to generate anti-tumor immunity through the induction of potent cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Using a preclinical mouse model, we have assessed an R-DOTAP nanoparticle adjuvant system for its ability to promote CD4 T cell responses to vaccination with recombinant influenza protein. Our studies revealed that R-DOTAP consistently outperformed a squalene-based adjuvant emulsion, even when it was introduced with a potent TLR agonist CpG, in the ability to elicit peptide epitope-specific CD4 T cells when quantified by IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISpot assays. Clinical testing of R-DOTAP containing vaccines in earlier work by others has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Hence, R-DOTAP can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Henson
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Siva K. Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Jerold G. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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