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Piazzesi A, Scanu M, Ciprandi G, Putignani L. Modulations of the skin microbiome in skin disorders: A narrative review from a wound care perspective. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e70087. [PMID: 39379177 PMCID: PMC11461044 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.70087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The cutaneous microbiome represents a highly dynamic community of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Scientific evidence, particularly from the last two decades, has revealed that these organisms are far from being inconsequential microscopic hitchhikers on the human body, nor are they all opportunistic pathogens waiting for the chance to penetrate the skin barrier and cause infection. In this review, we will describe how dermatological diseases have been found to be associated with disruptions and imbalances in the skin microbiome and how this new evidence had shaped the diagnosis and clinical practice relating to these disorders. We will identify the microbial agents which have been found to directly exacerbate skin diseases, as well as those which can ameliorate many of the symptoms associated with dermatological disorders. Furthermore, we will discuss the studies which suggest that bacteriotherapy, either by topical use of probiotics or by bacteria-derived compounds, can rectify skin microbial imbalances, thereby offering a promising alternative to antibiotic treatment and reducing the risks of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Unit of the MicrobiomeBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Scanu
- Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Unit of the MicrobiomeBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Guido Ciprandi
- Research Institute Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of SurgeryBambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics; and Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Unit of the MicrobiomeBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
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2
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Lang JC, Brutscher A, Ehrström M, Melican K. Tissue resident cells differentiate S. aureus from S. epidermidis via IL-1β following barrier disruption in healthy human skin. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012056. [PMID: 39208402 PMCID: PMC11389914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Staphylococcus sp. are a dominant part of the human skin microbiome and present across the body. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous skin commensal, while S. aureus is thought to colonize at least 30% of the population. S. aureus are not only colonizers but a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and a critical healthcare concern. To understand how healthy human skin may differentiate commensal bacteria, such as S. epidermidis, from the potential pathogen methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), we use ex vivo human skin models that allow us to study this host-bacterial interaction in the most clinically relevant environment. Our work highlights the role of the outer stratum corneum as a protective physical barrier against invasion by colonizing Staphylococci. We show how the structural cells of the skin can internalize and respond to different Staphylococci with increasing sensitivity. In intact human skin, a discriminatory IL-1β response was identified, while disruption of the protective stratum corneum triggered an increased and more diverse immune response. We identified and localized tissue resident Langerhans cells (LCs) as a potential source of IL-1β and go on to show a dose-dependent response of MUTZ-LCs to S. aureus but not S. epidermidis. This suggests an important role of LCs in sensing and discriminating between bacteria in healthy human skin, particularly in intact skin and provides a detailed snapshot of how human skin differentiates between friend and potential foe. With the rise in antibiotic resistance, understanding the innate immune response of healthy skin may help us find ways to enhance or manipulate these natural defenses to prevent invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Lang
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brutscher
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Keira Melican
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Petronio Petronio G, Di Naro M, Venditti N, Guarnieri A, Cutuli MA, Magnifico I, Medoro A, Foderà E, Passarella D, Nicolosi D, Di Marco R. Targeting S. aureus Extracellular Vesicles: A New Putative Strategy to Counteract Their Pathogenic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:789. [PMID: 38931910 PMCID: PMC11207539 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis is characterized by dry skin, itching, and eczematous lesions. During inflammation skin barrier protein impairment promotes S. aureus colonisation in the inflamed skin, worsening AD patient's clinical condition. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of several immune evasion proteins and virulence factors in S. aureus extracellular vesicles (EVs), suggesting a possible role for these proteins in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a wall fragment obtained from a patented strain of C. acnes DSM28251 (c40) and its combination with a mucopolysaccharide carrier (HAc40) in counteract the pathogenic potential of EVs produced by S. aureus ATCC 14458. Results obtained from in vitro studies on HaCaT keratinocyte cells showed that HAc40 and c40 treatment significantly altered the size and pathogenicity of S. aureus EVs. Specifically, EVs grew larger, potentially reducing their ability to interact with the target cells and decreasing cytotoxicity. Additionally, the overexpression of the tight junctions mRNA zona occludens 1 (ZO1) and claudin 1 (CLDN1) following EVs exposure was decreased by HAc40 and c40 treatment, indicating a protective effect on the epidermal barrier's function. These findings demonstrate how Hac40 and c40 may mitigate the harmful effects of S. aureus EVs. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying this interaction and explore the potential clinical utility of c40 and its mucopolysaccharide carrier conjugate HAc40 in managing atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
| | - Maria Di Naro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
- UO Laboratorio Analisi, Responsible Research Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Guarnieri
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
| | | | | | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
| | - Emanuele Foderà
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
| | - Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy (R.D.M.)
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Oura Y, Shimamura Y, Kan T, Masuda S. Effect of Polyphenols on Inflammation Induced by Membrane Vesicles from Staphylococcus aureus. Cells 2024; 13:387. [PMID: 38474351 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium found on human skin, produces toxins and various virulence factors that can lead to skin infections such as atopic dermatitis. These toxins and virulence factors are carried in membrane vesicles (MVs), composed of the bacterium's own cell membranes, and are expected to reach host target cells in a concentrated form, inducing inflammation. This study investigated the effects of two polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and nobiletin (NOL), on the expression of S. aureus virulence factors and the inflammation induced by MVs. The study found that EGCG alone decreased the production of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA), while both EGCG and NOL reduced biofilm formation and the expression of virulence factor-related genes. When S. aureus was cultured in a broth supplemented with these polyphenols, the resulting MVs showed a reduction in SEA content and several cargo proteins. These MVs also exhibited decreased levels of inflammation-related gene expression in immortalized human keratinocytes. These results suggest that EGCG and NOL are expected to inhibit inflammation in the skin by altering the properties of MVs derived from S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Oura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kan
- Department of Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuichi Masuda
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Zanetta P, Ballacchino C, Squarzanti DF, Amoruso A, Pane M, Azzimonti B. Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) Cell-Free Supernatant and Vitamin D Improve Wound Healing and Reduce Interleukin-6 Production in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Human Keratinocytes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 38276496 PMCID: PMC10820395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. are found in about 25% of the overall cases of chronic wounds, which can undergo malignant degeneration and be associated with skin cancer. Although antimicrobial agents are clinically used to counteract pathogens and promote wound healing, they are increasingly ineffective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, they can induce dysbiosis, which favors opportunistic pathogen infections and alters immune responses. Consequently, research on pathogen containment strategies is crucial. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 cell-free supernatant (CFS) and vitamin D, as single treatments or in combination, on cell viability, wound healing, and the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of a Staphylococcus aureus-infected human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in vitro model. The analysis showed that LJO02 CFS 20% v/v ratio and 100 nM vitamin D promoted infected cell viability and wound healing and significantly reduced IL-6 production. However, their effect was not synergic, since no significant difference between the single and combined treatments was observed. LJO02 CFS topic application and vitamin D supplementation could provide a valuable strategy for attenuating S. aureus-induced pathogenesis, promoting wound healing and opening new therapeutic strategies supporting the conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanetta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Chiara Ballacchino
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical Research S.r.l., Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research S.r.l., Via Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), School of Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.B.); (D.F.S.)
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Salem SS, Elsayed HE, Shabana S, Khazaal MT, Moharram FA. Phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from two Syzygium species against selected oral pathogens. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:448. [PMID: 38087292 PMCID: PMC10714517 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) comprises several essential oil-rich species that are utilized traditionally for treating tooth infections and toothache. The current study aimed to extract essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Syzygium samarangense and Syzygium malaccense cultivated in Egypt for the first time and screen their antimicrobial potential against oral-related pathogens. METHODS The intended EOs were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) by boiling fresh leaves with distilled water; supercritical fluid (SF) by extracting the dried leaves using supercritical CO2 at 40 °C and 150 bar; and the headspace (HS) in which the fresh leaves were heated in a glass vial and the vaporized aroma were analyzed. The volatile constituents were analyzed using GC/MS and identified by comparing the experimental Kovats' retention indices with the literature. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using agar diffusion, microwell dilution, and biofilm formation assays. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was determined by applying one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test. RESULTS The yield of the extracted EOs differs between the applied methods, and the SF approach harvested the maximum (0.52-0.46%). The GC-MS analysis of SF EOs revealed a discrepancy between the two species. Since S. malaccense showed an abundance of hydrocarbons represented mainly by squalene (60.60%), S. samarangense was deemed to have oxygenated sesquiterpenes exemplified in globulol (52.09%). On the other side, the HD and HS EOs were sequentially comparable, while differed in the percentage of their majors. γ-terpinene (33.06%) pioneered the HS-derived aroma of S. malaccense, while S. samarangense was abundant with α-pinene (30.18%). Concurrently, the HD EOs of S. malaccense and S. samarangense were commonly denoted by caryophyllene oxide (8.19%-18.48%), p-cymene (16.02%- 19.50%), and γ-terpinene (12.20%-17.84). Ultimately, both species EOs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, although the HD EO was more potent than the SF EO. The HD EOs of both species potently inhibited the growth of E. coli (MIC 3.75 µL/mL) and suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation by 83.43 and 87.27%, respectively. The SF-EOs efficiently suppressed the biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria by 76.45%-82.95%. CONCLUSION EOs extracted from both species by different methods possessed a unique blend of volatile components with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. They were promoted as bioactive hits for controlling oral infections, however further investigations concerning their safety in clinical settings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Samah Shabana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Khazaal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University. Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Acosta IC, Alonzo F. The Intersection between Bacterial Metabolism and Innate Immunity. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:782-803. [PMID: 37899025 PMCID: PMC10663042 DOI: 10.1159/000534872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and is essential for maintaining good health. If pathogens breach innate barriers, the likelihood of infection is significantly increased. Many bacterial pathogens pose a threat to human health on account of their ability to evade innate immunity and survive in growth-restricted environments. These pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to obtain nutrients as well as manipulate innate immune responses, resulting in disease or chronic infection. SUMMARY The relationship between bacterial metabolism and innate immunity is complex. Although aspects of bacterial metabolism can be beneficial to the host, particularly those related to the microbiota and barrier integrity, others can be harmful. Several bacterial pathogens harness metabolism to evade immune responses and persist during infection. The study of these adaptive traits provides insight into the roles of microbial metabolism in pathogenesis that extend beyond energy balance. This review considers recent studies on bacterial metabolic pathways that promote infection by circumventing several facets of the innate immune system. We also discuss relationships between innate immunity and antibiotics and highlight future directions for research in this field. KEY MESSAGES Pathogenic bacteria have a remarkable capacity to harness metabolism to manipulate immune responses and promote pathogenesis. While we are beginning to understand the multifaceted and complex metabolic adaptations that occur during infection, there is still much to uncover with future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C Acosta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bayan R, Tauseef I, Hussain M, Ahmed MS, Haider A, Khalil AA, Islam SU, Subhan F. Fish collagen peptides' modulating effect on human skin microbiota against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:795-807. [PMID: 37650688 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current research aims to design effective strategies to enhance the body's immune system against pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Skin commensals were isolated, identified and cultured in fish collagen peptides (FCPs). Results: After culturing in FCP, the skin commensals were used in a dose-dependent manner for Staphylococcus aureus in a dual-culture test, which showed significant growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria, which concluded that FCP induced the immune defense system of skin microbiota against pathogenic strains. Conclusion: Results have validated that fish collagen peptide plays a vital role in the growth of selected human skin flora and induces more defensive immunity against pathogenic S. aureus bacteria in dual-culture experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasol Bayan
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Isfahan Tauseef
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26010, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ak Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Salman U Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Subhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
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Leśniak W, Bohush A, Maksymowicz M, Piwowarczyk C, Karolak NK, Jurewicz E, Filipek A. Involvement of CacyBP/SIP in differentiation and the immune response of HaCaT keratinocytes. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152385. [PMID: 37156124 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CacyBP/SIP is a multifunctional protein present in various cells and tissues. However, its expression and role in the epidermis has not been explored so far. In this work, using RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis and three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes we show that CacyBP/SIP is present in the epidermis. To investigate the possible role of CacyBP/SIP in keratinocytes we obtained CacyBP/SIP knockdown cells and studied the effect of CacyBP/SIP deficiency on their differentiation and response to viral infection. We found that CacyBP/SIP knockdown results in reduced expression of epidermal differentiation markers in both undifferentiated and differentiated HaCaT cells. Since epidermis is engaged in immune defense, the impact of CacyBP/SIP knockdown on this process was also analyzed. By applying RT-qPCR and Western blot it was found that poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection, stimulated the expression of genes involved in antiviral response, such as IFIT1, IFIT2 and OASL. Interestingly, following poly(I:C) stimulation, the level of expression of these genes was significantly lower in cells with CacyBP/SIP knockdown than control ones. Since the signaling pathway mediating cellular responses to viral infection involves, among others, the STAT1 transcription factor, we measured its activity using luciferase assay and found that it was lower in CacyBP/SIP knockdown HaCaT cells. Altogether, the presented results indicate that CacyBP/SIP promotes epidermal differentiation and might be involved in response of the skin cells to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anastasiia Bohush
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maksymowicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Piwowarczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Katarzyna Karolak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jurewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Linz MS, Mattappallil A, Finkel D, Parker D. Clinical Impact of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:557. [PMID: 36978425 PMCID: PMC10044708 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen isolated in skin-and-soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States. Most S. aureus SSTIs are caused by the epidemic clone USA300 in the USA. These infections can be serious; in 2019, SSTIs with S. aureus were associated with an all-cause, age-standardized mortality rate of 0.5 globally. Clinical presentations of S. aureus SSTIs vary from superficial infections with local symptoms to monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis, which can cause systemic manifestations and may lead to serious complications or death. In order to cause skin infections, S. aureus employs a host of virulence factors including cytolytic proteins, superantigenic factors, cell wall-anchored proteins, and molecules used for immune evasion. The immune response to S. aureus SSTIs involves initial responders such as keratinocytes and neutrophils, which are supported by dendritic cells and T-lymphocytes later during infection. Treatment for S. aureus SSTIs is usually oral therapy, with parenteral therapy reserved for severe presentations; it ranges from cephalosporins and penicillin agents such as oxacillin, which is generally used for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), to vancomycin for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Treatment challenges include adverse effects, risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, and potential for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Linz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Arun Mattappallil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University Hospital, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Diana Finkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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11
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Sahu RP, Goswami C. Presence of TRPV3 in macrophage lysosomes helps in skin wound healing against bacterial infection. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:60-74. [PMID: 36195996 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel that is known to be activated by physiological temperature and endogenous ligands. Involvement of TRPV3 in different skin functions has been reported. In this work, we demonstrate that activation of TRPV3 by FPP, an endogenous ligand enhances skin wound healing and bacterial clearance there. We report for the first time that TRPV3 is endogenously expressed in macrophages and activation of TRPV3 results in efficient bacterial clearance. At the subcellular level, TRPV3 is present in the lysosome and also in the nucleolus. We demonstrate that pharmacological modulation of TRPV3 protects lysosomal functions at hyperthermic shock conditions. The localization of TRPV3 at the nucleolus is specific, more in case of LPS-treatment and dynamic with respect to the cell signalling. We demonstrate that at certain conditions, the nucleolar localization of TRPV3 is correlated with the presence of TRPV3 at the lysosome and with the cellular stress in general. We propose that TRPV3 act as a lysosomal regulator and sensor for cellular stress. These findings may have broad implications in understanding the cellular stress and TRPV3-induced channelopathies and may have clinical relevance to skin infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Sahu
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, School of Biological Sciences, Khurda, Odisha, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, School of Biological Sciences, Khurda, Odisha, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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12
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Chen Z, Wang K, Guo J, Zhou J, Loor JJ, Yang Z, Yang Y. Melatonin Maintains Homeostasis and Potentiates the Anti-inflammatory Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mastitis through microRNA-16b/YAP1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15255-15270. [PMID: 36399659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly infectious pathogen and is a considerable threat to food hygiene and safety. Although melatonin is thought to exert an ameliorative effect on bovine mastitis, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we first verified the therapeutic effect of melatonin against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo, a screening of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs among the blank, and S. aureus and melatonin + S. aureus groups by high-throughput sequencing identified miR-16b and YAP1, which exhibited 1.95-fold upregulated and 1.05-fold downregulated expression, respectively. Moreover, epigenetic studies showed that S. aureus inhibited miR-16b expression by methylation (increased DNMT1 expression). Additionally, the DNMT1 expression level was significantly decreased by melatonin treatment, which might indicate that the inhibition of DNMT1 by melatonin reduces the effect of S. aureus on miR-16b. The flow cytometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, EdU assay, and cell morphology results indicated that miR-16b in bovine mammary epithelial cells (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo) can modulate the maintenance of homeostasis and potentiate the anti-inflammatory response. In addition, YAP1 was demonstrated to be the target gene of miR-16b through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation, and functional assays. This study indicates that melatonin inhibits S. aureus-induced inflammation via microRNA-16b/YAP1-mediated regulation, and these findings might provide a new strategy for the prevention of bovine mastitis, facilitating further studies good of zoonotic diseases caused by S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Yi Yang
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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13
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Billings C, Rifkin R, Abouelkhair M, Jones RD, Bow A, Kolape J, Rajeev S, Kania S, Anderson DE. In vitro and in vivo assessment of caprine origin Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strain UTCVM1 as an osteomyelitis pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1015655. [PMID: 36726643 PMCID: PMC9885270 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1015655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a significant and well-recognized causative organism of bacterial osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease characterized by progressive bone destruction and loss. This disease causes significant morbidity and mortality to the patient and poses therapeutic challenges for clinicians. To improve the efficacy of therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial osteomyelitis, there is a need to define the molecular epidemiology of bacterial organisms more clearly and further the understanding of the pathogenesis of SA osteomyelitis. We conducted in vitro characterization of the pathogenic capabilities of an isolate of SA ST398 derived from a clinical case of osteomyelitis in a goat. We also report a rodent mandibular defect model to determine the ability of ST398 to cause reproducible osteomyelitis. Our results indicate that ST398 can invade and distort pre-osteoblastic cells in culture, induce significant inflammation and alter expression of osteoregulatory cytokines. We also demonstrate the ability of ST398 to induce osteomyelitis in a rat mandibular model. When compiled, these data support ST398 as a competent osteomyelitis pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Billings
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Caroline Billings,
| | - Rebecca Rifkin
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mohamed Abouelkhair
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Rebekah Duckett Jones
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Austin Bow
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jaydeep Kolape
- Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sreekumari Rajeev
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen Kania
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David E. Anderson
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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14
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Brandao-Rangel MAR, Oliveira CR, da Silva Olímpio FR, Aimbire F, Mateus-Silva JR, Chaluppe FA, Vieira RP. Hydrolyzed Collagen Induces an Anti-Inflammatory Response That Induces Proliferation of Skin Fibroblast and Keratinocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234975. [PMID: 36501011 PMCID: PMC9736126 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-based products are found in different pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, and cosmetics products for a wide variety of applications. However, its use to prevent or improve the health of skin is growing dizzyingly. Therefore, this study investigated whether collagen peptides could induce fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation and activation beyond reducing an inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human skin fibroblasts (CCD-1072Sk) and human keratinocytes (hKT-nh-skp-KT0026) were seeded at a concentration of 5 × 104 cells/mL. LPS (10 ng/mL) and three doses of collagen peptides (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL) were used. The readout parameters were cell proliferation; expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); expression of pro-collagen-1α by fibroblasts; and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by both cell types. The results demonstrated that all doses of collagen supplementation induced increased proliferation of both human fibroblasts (p < 0.01) and human keratinocytes (p < 0.001), while only the dose of 10 mg/mL induced an increased expression of pro-collagen-1α by fibroblasts. Similarly, only the dose of 10 mg/mL reduced LPS-induced iNOS expression in fibroblasts (p < 0.05) and keratinocytes (p < 0.01). In addition, collagen supplementation reduced the LPS-induced IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p < 0.01), and TNF-α (p < 0.05), and increased the TGF-β and VEGF expression in fibroblasts. Furthermore, collagen supplementation reduced the LPS-induced IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IL-8 (p < 0.01), and TNF-α (p < 0.001), and increased the TGF-β (p < 0.05) and VEGF (p < 0.05) expression in keratinocytes. In conclusion, collagen peptides were found to induce fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation and pro-collagen-1α expression, involving increased expression of TGF-β and VEGF, as well as the suppression of an inflammatory response induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil
- GAP Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sao Jose dos Campos 12243-020, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Regina da Silva Olímpio
- Post-Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Post-Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mateus-Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil
- GAP Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sao Jose dos Campos 12243-020, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Chaluppe
- PepTech Colágeno do Brasil Ltda, Development and Research Department, Jundiaí 13201-804, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Post-Graduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos 12331-280, Brazil
- GAP Laboratory of Biotechnology, Sao Jose dos Campos 12243-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Sao Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goias (Unievangelica), Anapolis 75083-515, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-99141-0615
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