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Li W, Yu L. Role and therapeutic perspectives of extracellular vesicles derived from liver and adipose tissue in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:355-369. [PMID: 38833340 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2360008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The global epidemic of metabolic diseases has led to the emergence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which pose a significant threat to human health. Despite recent advances in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of MASLD/MASH, there is still a lack of more effective and targeted therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) discovered in a wide range of tissues and body fluids encapsulate different activated biomolecules and mediate intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that EVs derived from the liver and adipose tissue (AT) play vital roles in MASLD/MASH pathogenesis and therapeutics, depending on their sources and intervention types. Besides, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived EVs appear to be more effective in mitigating MASLD/MASH. This review presents an overview of the definition, extraction strategies, and characterisation of EVs, with a particular focus on the biogenesis and release of exosomes. It also reviews the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of liver- and AT-derived EVs on MASLD/MASH, and emphasises the contribution and clinical therapeutic potential of ADSC-derived EVs. Furthermore, the future perspective of EV therapy in a clinical setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
- Endocrine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, P.R. China
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Yin Y, Zhu W, Xu Q. The systemic inflammation response index as a risk factor for hepatic fibrosis and long-term mortality among individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1922-1931. [PMID: 38866613 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is associated with various diseases with inflammatory components, but its relationship with the progression of hepatic fibrosis and survival outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the potential associations between the SIRI and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) as well as between the SIRI and long-term outcomes in individuals with MASLD. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective cohort study was conducted using data gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2005 to 2016. Weighted binary logistic regression, the Cox proportional hazards model, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to assess the relationships among the SIRI, AHF, and mortality in patients with MASLD. Our study included a total of 5126 patients with MASLD. A higher SIRI was significantly associated with increased odds of AHF (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22, 1.96). According to the survival analyses, a higher SIRI was associated with greater all-cause (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15, 1.22) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19, 1.32) after adjustment. The time-dependent ROC analysis indicated that the SIRI had a modest predictive value for discriminating MASLD individuals at higher versus lower mortality risk over 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The SIRI is a promising tool for identifying MASLD individuals at risk of progressing to AHF and for predicting mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Weijia Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Xinwu District Xinrui Hospital, Jiangsu Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Xinwu District Xinrui Hospital, Jiangsu Wuxi 214000, China.
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Ostadmohammadi V, Namazi MJ, Rezasoltani M, Kheirkhah D, Rajabi M, Sharif A, Taghavi Ardakani A, Raygan F, Assareh AA, Sharif MR. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Status and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Overweight or Obese Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3496-3503. [PMID: 37989929 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present clinical trial was to determine the impact of zinc supplementation on serum liver enzymes, steatosis severity, lipid profile, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This randomized controlled trial was conducted by enrolling 60 children with NASH, aged 10-18 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups that received either 30 mg/day of elemental zinc or placebo for 16 weeks. The severity of liver steatosis was evaluated using liver ultrasonography. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient at the beginning and after 16 weeks of intervention to measure biochemical parameters. Following a 16-week intervention, zinc supplementation compared with placebo significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and considerably enhanced HDL-cholesterol values. However, zinc intake had no considerable impact on aspartate aminotransferase, the severity of liver steatosis, anthropometric parameters, and other lipid indices versus the placebo group. Overall, zinc supplementation showed a promising impact on serum ALT, HDL-cholesterol, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children suffering from NASH. Zinc supplementation may be a new strategy for the amelioration of NASH in overweight or obese children. This trial has been registered on the Iranian website for registration of clinical trials with the special ID of IRCT20200531047614N1 ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/48543 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Namazi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Work, Western Illinois University, Macomb, USA
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezasoltani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Kheirkhah
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rajabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Taghavi Ardakani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Raygan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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4
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Liu J, Zheng Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhang J, Yu X, Wei X, Li S, Wang J, Lv H. Targeting antioxidant factor Nrf2 by raffinose ameliorates lipid dysmetabolism-induced pyroptosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155756. [PMID: 38833791 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a persistent liver condition that affects both human health and animal productive efficiency on a global scale. A number of naturally occurring compounds activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a transcription factor with important protective effects against many liver diseases, including NAFLD. Raffinose (Ra), an oligosaccharide extracted from several plants, exhibits diverse biological functions. However, the uncertainty lies in determining whether the activation of Nrf2 by Ra can provide a preventive effect on liver lipotoxicity. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to shed light on the molecular pathways by which Ra possesses its protective benefits against NAFLD. METHODS Experimental protocols were established using WT and Nrf2-null (Nrf2-/-) mice. Liver samples from each group were collected for Western blot, RT-qPCR, H & E, Sirius red and Oil red O staining. Additionally, serums were processed for ELISA. ALM12 cells were gathered for Western blot and immunofluorescence. Moreover, to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ra, molecular docking was performed. RESULTS Our results indicated that Ra remarkably alleviated liver lipotoxic in vivo and in vitro. Ra treatment effectively corrected hepatic steatosis, the release of AST, ALT, TG, and TC, as well as the depletion of HDL and LDL. Meanwhile, Ra efficiently prevented inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis. Additionally, these findings implied that Ra reduced the production of fibrosis-related proteins, which enhanced collagen deposition. Molecular docking revealed that Ra possessed the ability to bind specific regions of Nrf2, resulting in the enhancement of Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. Ra treatment restored serum redox factors and antioxidant enzymes to normal levels; however, these alterations were clearly reversed in Nrf2-/- mice. CONCLUSION This study reveals novel information on Ra's protective benefits against liver injury caused by abnormal lipid metabolism; these effects are mostly mediated by Nrf2 activation, suggesting a potential new medicine or treatment strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Songya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jiexing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - Hongming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
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Lin YN, Hsu JR, Wang CL, Huang YC, Wang JY, Wu CY, Wu LL. Nuclear factor interleukin 3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease development. Commun Biol 2024; 7:897. [PMID: 39048678 PMCID: PMC11269659 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates sex-specific effects in a gain-of-function model to evaluate Nfil3 function in relation to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and gut microbiota (GM)-induced alterations in the bile acid (BA) profile. MASLD is induced in both wild type and Nfil3-deficient (NKO) C57BL/6 J mice through an HFD. The hepatic immune response is evaluated using flow cytometry, revealing that NKO mice exhibit lower body weight, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, tissue injury, inflammation, and fat accumulation. The Nfil3 deletion reduces macrophage counts in fibrotic liver tissues, decreases proinflammatory gene and protein expression, and diminishes gut barrier function. Alpha and beta diversity analysis reveal increased GM alpha diversity across different sexes. The Nfil3 gene deletion modifies the BA profile, suggesting that negative feedback through the Nfil3-FXR-FGF15 axis facilitates BA recycling from the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Therefore, inhibiting Nfil3 in the liver offers a viable treatment approach for MASLD.
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Grants
- CI-110-22 Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation
- 11210 Ministry of Health and Welfare (Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan)
- National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan (nos. 108-2320-B-010-045-MY3, 110-2320-B-002-080-MY3, MOST 111-2314-B-A49-072, and NSTC 112-2314-B-A49-028-MY3 to L.L.W and NSTC 112-2740-B-A49-002, NSTC 112-2327-B-A49-005–, NSTC 112-2321-B-A49-005–, MOHW112-TDU-B-221-124007, and MOHW113-TDU-B-221-13400 to C.Y. Wu), Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation (nos.CI-110-22 and CI-111-24 to L.L.W), and the TYGH-NYCU Joint Research Program (no. PTH110001) and Ministry of Health and Welfare (No. 11210).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ni Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rou Hsu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Wang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jzy-Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sun C, Xiong X, Liu M, Liang Q, Zhao Q, Wei G, Shi J, Li X. Bacteroides ovatus alleviates high-fat and high-cholesterol -induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut-liver axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117156. [PMID: 39032286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota acts as a critical regulator in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), making probiotics a promise therapeutic strategy. Studies are needed to identify beneficial Bacteroides strains against NAFLD. Bacteroides ovatus (B. ovatus) may also exhibit therapy effect on NAFLD. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of B. ovatus on NAFLD and examine the mechanism. C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (NCD) that received control standard diet, a model group (M) with high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, and M_Bo group that was fed HFFC supplemented with B. ovatus. Treatment with B. ovatus could reduce body weight, prevent hepatic steatohepatitis and liver injury. Mechanistically, B. ovatus induced changes of gut microbial diversity and composition, characterized by a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in M_Bo group mice, a lower abundance of Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota at phylum level and Ruminococcus_torques_group, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Erysipelatoclostridium at genus level, simultaneously a remarkablely higher fecal abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, Colidextribacter. Compared with M group, mice treated with B. ovatus showed an markedly altered fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a decline in serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD163, IL-1β, TNF-α, reduced macrophages in livers. Additionally, B. ovatus treatment caused downregulation of genes involved in denovo lipogenesis (such as Srebfl, Acaca, Scd1, Fasn), which was accompanied by the upregulation of genes related with fatty acid oxidation (such as Ppara). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that B. ovatus could ameliorate NAFLD by modulating the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guocui Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Yao W, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Quinoa Polyphenol Extract Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2024; 16:2276. [PMID: 39064719 PMCID: PMC11279623 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of NAFLD has exploded globally, but there are currently no officially approved medications for treating the condition. The regulation of NAFLD through plant-derived active substances has become a new area of interest. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been discovered to contain a large quantity of bioactive compounds. In this study, we established a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis model and explored the effects of quinoa polyphenol extract (QPE) on the major hallmarks of NAFLD. The results indicated that QPE significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Additionally, QPE remarkably elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) and lowered levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Further examination revealed that QPE attenuated intracellular inflammation, which was verified by the reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, QPE inhibited fatty acid biosynthesis mainly by targeting de novo lipogenesis (DNL) via the AMPK/SREBP-1c signaling pathway. Moreover, network pharmacology was used to analyze key targets for NAFLD mitigation by ferulic acid (FA), a major component of QPE. Taken together, this study suggests that QPE could ameliorate NAFLD by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi 214026, China; (W.Y.); (M.F.); (H.Q.); (Y.L.)
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Li SJ, Liu AB, Yu YY, Ma JH. The role and mechanism of pyroptosis and potential therapeutic targets in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1407738. [PMID: 39022762 PMCID: PMC11251954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1407738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical pathological syndrome characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat within liver cells, which can progress to end-stage liver disease in severe cases, posing a threat to life. Pyroptosis is a distinct, pro-inflammatory form of cell death, differing from traditional apoptosis. In recent years, there has been growing research interest in the association between pyroptosis and NAFLD, encompassing the mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in the progression of NAFLD, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Controlled pyroptosis can activate immune cells, eliciting host immune responses to shield the body from harm. However, undue activation of pyroptosis may worsen inflammatory responses, induce cellular or tissue damage, disrupt immune responses, and potentially impact liver function. This review elucidates the involvement of pyroptosis and key molecular players, including NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the caspase family, in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. It emphasizes the promising prospects of targeting pyroptosis as a therapeutic approach for NAFLD and offers valuable insights into future directions in the field of NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - An-Bu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Hai Ma
- Department of Pediatrics Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Zhou W, Du Z. Oleuropein mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and modulates liver metabolites in high-fat diet-induced obese mice via activating PPARα. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38952322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of oleuropein (OLE) ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with 0.03% (w/w) OLE for 16 weeks. OLE supplementation decreased body weight and liver weight, improved serum lipid profiles, and ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction. Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that OLE increased the levels of nicotinamide, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, and docosahexaenoic acid, which were beneficial for lipid homeostasis and inflammation regulation. OLE exerted its protective effects by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a key transcription factor that regulates fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and modulates lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and inflammation pathways. Importantly, OLE supplementation did not significantly affect body weight or liver weight in PPARα knockout (PPARα KO) mice, indicating that PPARα is essential for OLE-mediated NAFLD prevention. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that OLE alleviates NAFLD in mice by activating PPARα and modulating liver metabolites. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Du
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang Public Health Department, Lianyungang, China
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10
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Gong H, He Q, Zhu L, Feng Z, Sun M, Jiang J, Yuan X, Shen Y, Di J. Associations between systemic inflammation indicators and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from a prospective study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389967. [PMID: 38979415 PMCID: PMC11228160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although inflammation has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), most studies have focused only on a single indicator, leading to inconsistent results. Therefore, a large prospective study that includes a variety of well-documented single and composite indicators of inflammation is needed. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the potential associations between different systemic inflammatory indicators and NAFLD in the UK Biobank cohort. Methods After excluding ineligible participants, 378,139 individuals were included in the study. Associations between systemic inflammatory indicators and hepatic steatosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. The relationships between systemic inflammatory indicators and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models, and nonlinear associations were investigated using restricted cubic splines. Results According to the cross-sectional analysis, systemic inflammatory indicators significantly correlated with hepatic steatosis. Over a median follow-up of 13.9 years, 4,145 individuals developed NAFLD. After sufficient adjustment for confounding factors, CRP levels were found to be nonlinearly positively associated with NAFLD risk (P<0.001), representing the strongest correlation among the tested relationships; lymphocyte count and the LMR showed an L-shaped correlation; monocyte count and neutrophil count showed a linear positive correlation (all P< 0.001); and the NLR, PLR, and SII showed a U-shaped correlation (all P<0.001). Conclusions Multiple systemic inflammatory indicators are strongly associated with the development of NAFLD, and aggressive systemic inflammation management may have a favourable impact on reducing the burden of NAFLD; further randomized controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gong
- Infection Management Department, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Qida He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Infection Management Department, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhaolong Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengtong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Tumor Biological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yueping Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Di
- Infection Management Department, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
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11
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Li LY, Li SM, Pang BX, Wei JP, Wang QH. Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1353-1366. [PMID: 38983830 PMCID: PMC11229972 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious problem, and the efficacy of exercise therapy for these patients is controversial. AIM To assess the efficacy of exercise training on overweight and obese children based on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials related to exercise training and obese children until October 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the efficacy of exercise therapy on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children. RESULTS In total, 1010 patients from 28 studies were included. Exercise therapy reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.24 to -0.32, P = 0.0008], fasting insulin (FINS) (SMD: -1.55; 95%CI: -2.12 to -0.98, P < 0.00001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD: -1.58; 95%CI: -2.20 to -0.97, P < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: -1.31; 95%CI: -2.07 to -0.55, P = 0.0007), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.64; 95%CI: -1.21 to -0.08, P = 0.03), and leptin (SMD: -3.43; 95%CI: -5.82 to -1.05, P = 0.005) in overweight and obese children. Exercise training increased adiponectin levels (SMD: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.30 to 2.18, P = 0.01) but did not improve tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: -0.80; 95%CI: -1.77 to 0.18, P = 0.11). CONCLUSION In summary, exercise therapy improves glucose metabolism by reducing levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, as well as improves inflammatory status by reducing levels of IL-6, CRP, leptin, and increasing levels of adiponectin in overweight and obese children. There was no statistically significant effect between exercise training and levels of TNF-α. Additional long-term trials should be conducted to explore this therapeutic perspective and confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Song-Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bo-Xian Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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12
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Satthawiwat N, Jinato T, Sutheeworapong S, Tanpowpong N, Chuaypen N, Tangkijvanich P. Distinct Gut Microbial Signature and Host Genetic Variants in Association with Liver Fibrosis Severity in Patients with MASLD. Nutrients 2024; 16:1800. [PMID: 38931155 PMCID: PMC11206871 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota might affect the severity and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aimed to characterize gut dysbiosis and clinical parameters regarding fibrosis stages assessed by magnetic resonance elastography. This study included 156 patients with MASLD, stratified into no/mild fibrosis (F0-F1) and moderate/severe fibrosis (F2-F4). Fecal specimens were sequenced targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and analyzed using bioinformatics. The genotyping of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13 was assessed by allelic discrimination assays. Our data showed that gut microbial profiles between groups significantly differed in beta-diversity but not in alpha-diversity indices. Enriched Fusobacterium and Escherichia_Shigella, and depleted Lachnospira were found in the F2-F4 group versus the F0-F1 group. Compared to F0-F1, the F2-F4 group had elevated plasma surrogate markers of gut epithelial permeability and bacterial translocation. The bacterial genera, PNPLA3 polymorphisms, old age, and diabetes were independently associated with advanced fibrosis in multivariable analyses. Using the Random Forest classifier, the gut microbial signature of three genera could differentiate the groups with high diagnostic accuracy (AUC of 0.93). These results indicated that the imbalance of enriched pathogenic genera and decreased beneficial bacteria, in association with several clinical and genetic factors, were potential contributors to the pathogenesis and progression of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawat Satthawiwat
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.J.); (N.C.)
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thananya Jinato
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand;
| | - Natthaporn Tanpowpong
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.J.); (N.C.)
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.J.); (N.C.)
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Polyzos SA, Targher G. Role of Glucocorticoids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:242-255. [PMID: 38459229 PMCID: PMC11150302 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To summarize published data on the association between glucocorticoids and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on the possible pathophysiological links and related treatment considerations. RECENT FINDINGS Glucocorticoids, commonly used for managing many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, may contribute to the development and progression of MASLD. Glucocorticoids may induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, thus increasing systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, a hallmark of MASLD pathogenesis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids increase adipose tissue lipolysis, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis and decrease hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, thus promoting MASLD development. Preclinical evidence also suggests that glucocorticoids may adversely affect hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase are implicated in the link between glucocorticoids and MASLD, the former enzyme increasing and the latter reducing the glucocorticoid action on the liver. Treatment considerations exist due to the pathogenic link between glucocorticoids and MASLD. Since iatrogenic hypercortisolism is common, glucocorticoids should be used at the minimum daily dose to control the subjective disease. Furthermore, the pharmacologic inhibition of 11β-HSD1 has provided favorable results in MASLD, both in preclinical studies and early MASH clinical trials. Glucocorticoids are closely linked to MASLD pathophysiology, with specific clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
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14
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Wupperfeld D, Fricker G, Bois De Fer B, Popovic B. Essential phospholipids impact cytokine secretion and alter lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:572-584. [PMID: 38664334 PMCID: PMC11126482 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential phospholipids (EPL) are hepatoprotective. METHODS The effects on interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 secretion and on certain lipid-metabolizing enzymes of non-cytotoxic concentrations of EPL (0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml), polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (both at 0.1 and 1 mg/ml), compared with untreated controls, were assessed in human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG, and steatotic HepaRG). RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 secretion was significantly decreased in HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased in steatotic HepaRG cells with at least one concentration of EPL and PtdIns. LPS-induced IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cells with all phospholipids. All phospholipids significantly decreased amounts of fatty acid synthase in steatotic HepaRG cells and the amounts of acyl-CoA oxidase in HepaRG cells. Amounts of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly decreased in HepG2 and HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased with 0.1 mg/ml PPC (HepaRG cells) and 1 mg/ml PtdIns (steatotic HepaRG cells). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was unaffected by any phospholipid in any cell line. CONCLUSIONS EPL, PPC, and PtdIns impacted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and affected amounts of several key lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Such changes may help liver function improvement, and provide further insights into the EPL's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wupperfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Branko Popovic
- Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, K607, 65929, Industriepark Hoechst, Germany.
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15
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Aumailley L, Dubois MJ, Marette A, Lebel M. Integrated liver and serum proteomics uncover sexual dimorphism and alteration of several immune response proteins in an aging Werner syndrome mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8417-8445. [PMID: 38795389 PMCID: PMC11164518 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a progeroid disorder caused by mutations in a protein containing both a DNA exonuclease and DNA helicase domains. Previous studies indicated that males lacking the helicase domain of the Wrn protein orthologue exhibited hepatic transcriptomic and metabolic alterations. In this study, we used a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach to uncover proteins abundance associated with specific biological processes that differed depending on the age (four or ten months) and/or the genotype (wild type or Wrn mutant) in the serum and liver of mice. Principal component analysis of the proteomic data from both serum and hepatic tissue revealed a sexual dimorphism regardless of the age and the genotype of the mice. Moreover, although all Wrn mutant mice exhibited fatty liver by the age of ten months, a significant age and genotype dependent enrichment of proteins involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolic processes were uncovered only in males. Also, a genotype dependent increase in serum oxidant detoxification processes was observed in the serum of Wrn mutant males. Despite these sexual differences, several aspects of the immune system were affected in both females and males. Finally, an increase of specific immunoglobulin molecules was common in the liver and serum of both older Wrn mutant females and males. Such results suggest that specific immunoglobulin variants maybe associated with fatty liver progression in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 4G2, Canada
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16
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Li F, Wu J, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Zhou S. Exploring the mechanism of dendrobine in treating metabolic associated fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Hereditas 2024; 161:17. [PMID: 38755697 PMCID: PMC11097442 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of dendrobine, a primary bioactive compound in Dendrobium nobile, for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD) management. Utilizing network pharmacology combined with experimental validation, the clinical effectiveness of dendrobine in MASLD treatment was assessed and analyzed. RESULTS The study demonstrates significant improvement in liver function among MASLD patients treated with Dendrobium nobile. Network pharmacology identified key targets such as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG), Interleukin 6 (IL6), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B), and AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), with molecular docking confirming their interactions. Additionally, dendrobine significantly reduced ALT and AST levels in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells, indicating hepatoprotective properties and amelioration of oxidative stress through decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels. CONCLUSION Dendrobine mitigates liver damage in MASLD through modulating inflammatory and immune responses and affecting lipid metabolism, potentially by downregulating inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL6, IL1B, and inhibiting AKT1 and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of dendrobine in MASLD treatment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Fenglin Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Nanmatou Community Health Service Center, 696 Pusan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Xinzhuang Community Health Service Center, 115 Xinjian Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Fenglin Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shigao Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Fenglin Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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17
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Linero PL, Castilla-Guerra L. Management of Cardiovascular Risk in the Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Setting. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e02. [PMID: 38807854 PMCID: PMC11131151 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an overlooked and undetected pathology, which affects more than 32% of adults worldwide. NAFLD is becoming more common in Western industrialised countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. Although NAFLD has traditionally been interpreted as a liver disease with a high risk of liver-related complications, NAFLD is an underappreciated and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is the principal cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Treatment options to counteract both the progression and development of cardiovascular disease and NAFLD include lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss, increased physical activity and dietary modification, and optimal medical therapy of comorbid conditions; nevertheless, further studies are needed to define optimal treatment strategies for the prevention of both hepatic and cardiovascular complications of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Luque Linero
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen MacarenaSeville, Spain
| | - Luis Castilla-Guerra
- Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen MacarenaSeville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of SevilleSeville, Spain
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18
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Fan L, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Li L, Yang X, Ma P, Liu J, Zhao Q, Li X. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates stress-induced liver injury through activating autophagy via HDAC1/2 inhibition. Food Funct 2024; 15:5103-5117. [PMID: 38680105 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic extra-virgin olive oil compound used as a food supplement, has been recognized to protect liver function and alleviate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. However, its protective effects against stress-induced liver injury (SLI) remain unknown. Here, the anti-SLI effect of HT was evaluated in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced SLI. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of action of HT against SLI, followed by experimental verification. The results showed that accompanying with the alleviation of HT on stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, HT was confirmed to exert the protective effects against SLI, as represented by reduced serum corticosterone (CORT), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as repair of liver structure, inhibition of oxidative homeostasis collapse, and inflammation reaction in the liver. Furthermore, core genes including histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), were identified as potential targets of HT in SLI based on bioinformatic screening and simulation. Consistently, HT significantly inhibited HDAC1/2 expression to maintain mitochondrial dysfunction in an autophagy-dependent manner, which was confirmed in a CORT-induced AML-12 cell injury and SLI mice models combined with small molecule inhibitors. We provide the first evidence that HT inhibits HDAC1/2 to induce autophagy in hepatocytes for maintaining mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing inflammation and oxidative stress for exerting an anti-SLI effect. This constitutes a novel therapeutic modality to synchronously prevent stress-induced depression-like behaviors and liver injury, supporting the advantaged therapeutic potential of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yangbo Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Xia M, Varmazyad M, Palacin IP, Gavlock DC, Debiasio R, LaRocca G, Reese C, Florentino R, Faccioli LAP, Brown JA, Vernetti LA, Schurdak ME, Stern AM, Gough A, Behari J, Soto-Gutierrez A, Taylor DL, Miedel M. Comparison of Wild-Type and High-risk PNPLA3 variants in a Human Biomimetic Liver Microphysiology System for Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Precision Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590608. [PMID: 38712213 PMCID: PMC11071381 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a worldwide health epidemic with a global occurrence of approximately 30%. The pathogenesis of MASLD is a complex, multisystem disorder driven by multiple factors including genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Patient heterogeneity presents challenges for developing MASLD therapeutics, creation of patient cohorts for clinical trials and optimization of therapeutic strategies for specific patient cohorts. Implementing pre-clinical experimental models for drug development creates a significant challenge as simple in vitro systems and animal models do not fully recapitulate critical steps in the pathogenesis and the complexity of MASLD progression. To address this, we implemented a precision medicine strategy that couples the use of our liver acinus microphysiology system (LAMPS) constructed with patient-derived primary cells. We investigated the MASLD-associated genetic variant PNPLA3 rs738409 (I148M variant) in primary hepatocytes, as it is associated with MASLD progression. We constructed LAMPS with genotyped wild type and variant PNPLA3 hepatocytes together with key non-parenchymal cells and quantified the reproducibility of the model. We altered media components to mimic blood chemistries, including insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and immune activating molecules to reflect normal fasting (NF), early metabolic syndrome (EMS) and late metabolic syndrome (LMS) conditions. Finally, we investigated the response to treatment with resmetirom, an approved drug for metabolic syndrome-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the progressive form of MASLD. This study using primary cells serves as a benchmark for studies using patient biomimetic twins constructed with patient iPSC-derived liver cells using a panel of reproducible metrics. We observed increased steatosis, immune activation, stellate cell activation and secretion of pro-fibrotic markers in the PNPLA3 GG variant compared to wild type CC LAMPS, consistent with the clinical characterization of this variant. We also observed greater resmetirom efficacy in PNPLA3 wild type CC LAMPS compared to the GG variant in multiple MASLD metrics including steatosis, stellate cell activation and the secretion of pro-fibrotic markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the capability of the LAMPS platform for the development of MASLD precision therapeutics, enrichment of patient cohorts for clinical trials, and optimization of therapeutic strategies for patient subgroups with different clinical traits and disease stages.
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Zyśk B, Ostrowska L, Smarkusz-Zarzecka J, Orywal K, Mroczko B, Cwalina U. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Utility of Selected Serum Adipokines and Cytokines in Subjects with MASLD-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1381. [PMID: 38732626 PMCID: PMC11085733 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue, particularly of the visceral type, triggering chronic low-grade inflammation and altering its secretory profile, is a contributing factor to the initiation and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to compare the levels of selected adipokines and cytokines in individuals with normal weight and obesity, assessing their potential for diagnosing MASLD and establishing a cutoff point for body fat content associated with hepatic steatosis development. The research involved 99 participants categorized by body mass index and MASLD presence, undergoing body composition analysis, liver elastography, biochemical tests, and evaluation of adipokines and cytokines in serum. The results indicated elevated IL-6 (interleukin 6) serum levels in individuals with obesity with MASLD compared to the normal-weight group without MASLD. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a connection between hepatic steatosis and total adipose tissue content, VAT (visceral adipose tissue), VAT/SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) ratio, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), IL-6, Il-1β (interleukin 1β), and MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2). Among the adipokines and cytokines examined in this study, interleukin 6 was the strongest predictor of MASLD regardless of gender. In addition, an association between the development of hepatic steatosis and higher serum IL-1β levels and higher adipose tissue was observed in women. However, further studies on a larger group of patients are needed to consider the use of these cytokines as markers of MASLD. The HOMA-IR index demonstrated potential diagnostic utility in identifying hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zyśk
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I 4B Street, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland; (L.O.)
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I 4B Street, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland; (L.O.)
| | - Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I 4B Street, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland; (L.O.)
| | - Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland (B.M.)
| | - Urszula Cwalina
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Ogawa E, Suzuki N, Kamiya T, Hara H. Sebacic acid, a royal jelly-containing fatty acid, decreases LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA expression in differentiated human THP-1 macrophage-like cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:192-198. [PMID: 38799138 PMCID: PMC11111463 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages produce many inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in innate immune responses. However, excess production of these mediators by activated macrophages triggers deleterious effects, leading to disorders associated with inflammation. Royal jelly (RJ), a milky-white substance secreted by worker bees, contains unique fatty acids, including 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and sebacic acid (SA). 10H2DA has been reported to have various biological functions, such as anti-inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of SA is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of SA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine expression using differentiated human THP-1 macrophage-like cells. SA dose-dependently decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6, but not TNF-α and IL-1β. SA suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3, but hardly affected the activation of JNK, p38, or NF-κB. In addition, SA decreased LPS-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) expression, and the addition of IFN-β restored the inhibition by SA of LPS-induced STAT activation and IL-6 expression. Furthermore, SA suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a transcription factor responsible for IFN-β expression. Taken together, we conclude that SA selectively decreases LPS-induced expression of IL-6 mRNA through inhibition of the IRF3/IFN-β/STAT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ogawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Nobuko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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22
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He H, Tang Y, Zhuang L, Zheng Y, Huang X. PINK1/Park2-Mediated Mitophagy Relieve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Physiol Res 2024; 73:253-263. [PMID: 38710055 PMCID: PMC11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to now, there's a limited number of studies on the relationship between PINK1/Park2 pathway and mitophagy in NAFLD. To investigate the effect of Park2-mediated mitophagy on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oleic acid was used for the establishment of NAFLD model. Oil red-dyed lipid drops and mitochondrial alternations were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzymatic kit was used to test lipid content. The levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. Lenti-Park2 and Park2-siRNA were designed to upregulate and downregulate Park2 expression, respectively. The changing expression of PINK and Park2 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to measure the amount of LC3. Successful NAFLD modeling was featured by enhanced lipid accumulation, as well as the elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels. Mitochondria in NAFLD model were morphologically and functionally damaged. Park2 expression was upregulated by lenti-Park2 and downregulated through Park2-siRNA. The PINK1 expression showed the same trend as Park2 expression. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the when Park2 was overexpressed, more LC3 protein on mitochondrial autophagosome membrane was detected, whereas Park2 knockdown impeded LC3' locating on the membrane. The transmission electron microscopy image exhibited that the extent of damage to the mitochondrial in NAFLD model was revered by enhanced Park2 expression but further exacerbated by reduced Park2 expression. Park2-mediated mitophagy could relive NAFLD and may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment. Keywords: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Mitophagy, PINK1/Park2, Park2, PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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23
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Cao R, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhang W. Causal relationship between air pollution, lung function, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368483. [PMID: 38746002 PMCID: PMC11092889 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between air pollution, lung function, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains inconclusive. Previous studies were not convincing due to confounding factors and reverse causality. We aim to investigate the causal relationship between air pollution, lung function, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and NAFLD using Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods In this study, univariate Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted first. Subsequently, Steiger testing was performed to exclude the possibility of reverse association. Finally, significant risk factors identified from the univariate Mendelian analysis, as well as important factors affecting NAFLD from previous observational studies (type 2 diabetes and body mass index), were included in the multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. Results The results of the univariable Mendelian randomization analysis showed a positive correlation between particulate matter 2.5, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and NAFLD. There was a negative correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, and NAFLD. The multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a direct causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 1.537, p = 0.011), type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.261, p < 0.001), and NAFLD. Conclusion This Mendelian randomization study confirmed the causal relationships between air pollution, lung function, gastroesophageal reflux, and NAFLD. Furthermore, gastroesophageal reflux and type 2 diabetes were identified as independent risk factors for NAFLD, having a direct causal connection with the occurrence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmin Cao
- Jinzhou Medical University Postgraduate Training Base (Jinzhou Central Hospital), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Honghe Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Yurun Zhang
- Rehabilitation Therapy, Shandong Xiandai University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Guo
- General Surgery, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University Postgraduate Training Base (Jinzhou Central Hospital), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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24
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Mounika N, Mungase SB, Verma S, Kaur S, Deka UJ, Ghosh TS, Adela R. Inflammatory Protein Signatures as Predictive Disease-Specific Markers for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0. [PMID: 38676759 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, consisting of a broad spectrum of diseases such as simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are considered as contributing factors to NAFLD development and progression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory protein signatures as predictive disease-specific markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This cross-sectional study included healthy control (n = 64), NAFL (n = 109), and NASH (n = 60) human subjects. Serum concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using sensitive multiplex assays. We used principal component analysis (PCoA) to reveal distinct differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups. Further, a random forest classification model was developed to identify the panel of markers that could predict diseases. The protein-protein network analysis was performed to determine the various signaling pathways associated with the disease-specific panel of markers. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, G-CSF, PDGF-BB, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES, eotaxin, IL-8 and IP-10 were significantly increased in NASH group as compared to control group. Furthermore, serum concentrations of IL-9 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the NASH group, whereas IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in the NAFL group when compared to the control group. PCoA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.001; R2 = 0.102). RANTES, IL-1ra, MIP-1b, IL-2, and G-CSF could differentiate the NAFL group from the controls; G-CSF, IL-1ra, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-9 could differentiate the NASH group from the controls; and G-CSF, IL-9, IL-13, eotaxin, and TNF- α could differentiate the NASH group from the NAFL group. Our protein-protein network revealed that these markers are involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, TNF, chemokine, JAK/STAT, P13K/Akt, TLR, NOD-like receptor, NF-kB, and adipocytokine signaling pathways which might be responsible for disease pathogenesis. Our study findings revealed a set of distinct cytokine and chemokine markers and they might be considered as biomarkers in distinguishing NASH from NAFL. Future multicentre studies with larger sample size are recommended to determine the potential utility of these panels of markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadella Mounika
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Suraj Bhausaheb Mungase
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Shivangi Verma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Science (ILBS), New Delhi-110 070, Vasant Kunj, India
| | - Utpal Jyoti Deka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Downtown Hospital, GS Road, Bormotoria, Guwahati, Assam-781006, India
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India.
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25
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Braczkowski MJ, Kufel KM, Kulińska J, Czyż DŁ, Dittmann A, Wiertelak M, Młodzik MS, Braczkowski R, Soszyński D. Pleiotropic Action of TGF-Beta in Physiological and Pathological Liver Conditions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:925. [PMID: 38672279 PMCID: PMC11048627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review and analyze the pleiotropic effects of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions of the liver, with particular emphasis on its role in immune suppression, wound healing, regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and liver cell apoptosis. A literature review was conducted, including 52 studies, comprising review articles, in vitro and in vivo studies, and meta-analyses. Only studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included in the analysis. TGF-β is a pleiotropic growth factor that is crucial for the liver, both in physiology and pathophysiology. Although its functions are complex and diverse, TGF-β plays a constant role in immune suppression, wound healing, and the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In concentrations exceeding the norm, it can induce the apoptosis of liver cells. Increased TGF-β levels are observed in many liver diseases, such as fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis. TGF-β has been shown to play a key role in many physiological and pathological processes of the liver, and its concentration may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jakub Braczkowski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Maria Kufel
- Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland; (K.M.K.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Julia Kulińska
- Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland; (K.M.K.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Daniel Łukasz Czyż
- Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland; (K.M.K.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Aleksander Dittmann
- Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland; (K.M.K.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Michał Wiertelak
- Student Scientific Society of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland; (K.M.K.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Sławomir Młodzik
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland;
| | | | - Dariusz Soszyński
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45040 Opole, Poland;
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87100 Torun, Poland
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Yan L, Peng Y. Enhanced treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning using activated charcoal-embedded sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. Biomed Mater Eng 2024:BME240007. [PMID: 38607746 DOI: 10.3233/bme-240007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adsorption of activated charcoal is currently a major clinical treatment for acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). However, the adsorption duration and efficiency of this method is unstable. OBJECTIVE In this study, a hydrogel embedding activated charcoal was prepared and its alleviating effects on AOPP were investigated. METHODS A composite hydrogel using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (SA-PVA) hydrogel was prepared in this study. The structural properties of the SA-PVA hydrogel were characterized via multiple analysis including FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, tensile strength and expansion rate. Based on these, activated charcoal (AC) was embedded within the SA-PVA hydrogel (SA-PVA-AC) and it was used for the treatment of AOPP. RESULTS Structural characterization indicated SA-PVA hydrogel possesses excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The in vivo study demonstrated that SA-PVA-AC significantly alleviated the inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver, as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and, IL-1β, SOD, and MDA. Furthermore, SA-PVA-AC treatment effectively re-regulated the activities of serum AST and ALT, exhibiting an improved effect on liver function. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that activated charcoal embedded within SA-PVA hydrogel has significant potential as a therapeutic agent in treating AOPP, and offering a novel approach to managing pesticide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Department of Occupational Disease and Pooning Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Occupational Disease and Pooning Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical College, Chongqing, China
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27
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Antonella M, Pietrobattista A, Maggiore G. Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A New Term for a More Appropriate Therapy in Pediatrics? Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:288-299. [PMID: 38651464 PMCID: PMC11036198 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) has been, for a long time, used to describe the spectrum of liver lesions encompassing steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH), and steatotic cirrhosis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosca Antonella
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, ERN RARE LIVER, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di ricerca, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.M.)
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28
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Wu J, Huang H, Gong L, Tian X, Peng Z, Zhu Y, Wang W. A Flavonoid Glycoside Compound from Siraitia grosvenorii with Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects In Vitro. Biomolecules 2024; 14:450. [PMID: 38672467 PMCID: PMC11048398 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a pivotal factor in the development and advancement of conditions like NAFLD and asthma. Diet can affect several phases of inflammation and significantly influence multiple inflammatory disorders. Siraitia grosvenorii, a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal plant, is considered beneficial to health. Flavonoids can suppress inflammatory cytokines, which play a crucial role in regulating inflammation. In the present experiments, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-xylosyl(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnoside (SGPF) is a flavonoid glycoside that was first isolated from S. grosvenorii. A series of experimental investigations were carried out to investigate whether the flavonoid component has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in this plant. The researchers showed that SGPF has a stronger modulation of protein expression in LPS-induced macrophages (MH-S) and OA-induced HepG2 cells. The drug was dose-dependent on cells, and in the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, SGPF regulated all protein expression. SGPF has a clear anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective function in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjiang Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huaxue Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., High-Tech Zone, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Limin Gong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
| | - Zhi Peng
- Hunan Huacheng Biotech, Inc., High-Tech Zone, Changsha 410205, China;
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China; (J.W.)
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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29
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Zhao Q, Deng Y, Gong R, Chen T, Yang L. Association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:541-550. [PMID: 37813810 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risks of fatty liver disease. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted to select studies published from database inception to 6 September 2023 from five databases. Observational studies examining the association between elevated DII levels and the prevalence of fatty liver disease/liver fibrosis were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using either random-effects or fixed-effect models. RESULTS In total, 10 studies comprising 242,006 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Individuals with higher DII had a significantly increased risk of fatty liver disease (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.08-2.45) and liver fibrosis (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09-1.21) compared to those with lower DII. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated an association between higher DII and increased odds of fatty liver disease. However, additional prospective studies are required to further address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China
| | - Yunlei Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, 82# Qinglong Street, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Rong Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, 82# Qinglong Street, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China.
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30
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Feng Z, Zhao F, Wang Z, Tang X, Xie Y, Qiu L. The relationship between sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among the young and middle-aged populations. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38491346 PMCID: PMC10943823 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed as a new term for diagnosing fatty liver disease, which is considered to be a multi-systemic disease with multiple extrahepatic manifestations, including sarcopenia. The link between sarcopenia and MAFLD remains uncertain, especially among young and middle-aged adults. Thus, we examined the relationship between MAFLD and sarcopenia in young and middle-aged individuals in this study. METHODS A total of 2214 individuals with laboratory tests, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound transient elastography from NHANES 2017-2018 were selected for this study. MAFLD was diagnosed as fatty liver disease with any one of the situations: overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, presence of metabolic dysregulation. Sarcopenia was defined by appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were applied to explore the relationship between MAFLD and sarcopenia, and the mediation analyses were also conducted. Moreover, subgroup analyses stratified by BMI and lifestyles were done. RESULTS The prevalence of MAFLD was 47.85%, and nearly 8.05% of participants had sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in participants with MAFLD (12.75%; 95% CI 10.18-15.31%) than in the non-MAFLD (3.73%; 95% CI 2.16-5.31%). MAFLD was significantly positively associated with sarcopenia after adjustments [OR = 2.87 (95% CI: 1.62-5.09)]. Moreover, significant positive associations were observed between liver fibrosis and sarcopenia prevalence in MAFLD patients (OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.13-4.15). The RCS curve revealed that MAFLD was linearly associated with sarcopenia. The relationship between the MAFLD and sarcopenia were mediated by C-reactive protein (mediation proportion: 15.9%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mediation proportion: 18.9%). Subgroup analyses confirmed the association between MAFLD and sarcopenia differed in different lifestyle groups. CONCLUSIONS Both MAFLD prevalence and severity was significantly associated with sarcopenia. Thus, clinicians should advise comorbidity screening and lifestyle changes to young and middle-aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Feng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- Department of gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Yang S, Cheng Y, Wang X, Yue S, Wang X, Tang L, Li H, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Tan S. Chinese herbal decoction, Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi formula exerts anti-hepatic fibrosis effects in mouse models of CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26129. [PMID: 38434258 PMCID: PMC10907526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi Formula (YQJPF) is a herbal medicine that is used to treat patients with liver failure. However, scientific evidence supporting the treatment of hepatic fibrosis with YQJPF has not been forthcoming. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of YQJPF in mouse models of hepatic fibrosis. Methods Mice were randomly assigned to control, hepatic fibrosis model, silymarin (positive treated), and low-, medium- and high-dose YQJPF (7.5, 15, and 30 g/kg, respectively) groups. Liver function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxygen stress were analyzed using ELISA kits. Sections were histopathologically stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and Sirius red. Macrophage polarization was measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Potential targets of YQJPF against hepatic fibrosis were analyzed by network pharmacology of Chinese herbal compound and the effects of YQJPF on the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Suppressor of Mothers against Decapentaplegic family member 3 (Smad3) signaling pathway were assessed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, metagenomics and LC-MS/MS were used to detect the intestinal flora and metabolites of the mice, and an in-depth correlation analysis was performed by spearman correlation analysis. The data were compared by one-way ANOVA and least significant differences (LSDs) or ANOVA-Dunnett's T3 method used when no homogeneity was detected. Results We induced hepatic fibrosis using CCl4 to establish mouse models and found that YQJPF dose-dependently increased body weight, improved liver function, and reversed hepatic fibrosis. Elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the model mice were substantially decreased by YQJPF, particularly at the highest dose. Levels of serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were elevated and reduced, respectively. The malondialdehyde concentration decreased and SOD activity increased in the high-dose group. M1 polarized macrophages (CD86) in the mouse models were significantly decreased and M2 polarization was mildly decreased without significance. However, high-dose YQJPF increased the numbers of M2 macrophages and inhibited TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Metagenomic and non-targeted metabolomics detection results showed that YQJPF could regulate intestinal homeostasis, and Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Calditerrivibrio_nitroreducens was significantly negatively correlated with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. It is suggested that Calditerrivibrio_nitroreducens may reduce the anti-fibrosis effect of licorice and other Chinese herbs by digesting 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. Conclusions YQJPF can reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, regulating the immunological response initiated by macrophages, inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling and regulating intestinal flora homeostasis. Therefore, YQJPF may be included in clinical regimens to treat hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223200, China
| | - Suyang Yue
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Hailun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Rafaqat S, Gluscevic S, Mercantepe F, Rafaqat S, Klisic A. Interleukins: Pathogenesis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:153. [PMID: 38535313 PMCID: PMC10972081 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated as crucial contributors to the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exact mechanisms by which interleukins (ILs) contribute to NAFLD may vary, and ongoing research is aimed at understanding the specific roles of different ILs in the pathogenesis of this condition. In addition, variations in environmental factors and genetics in each individual can influence the onset and/or progression of NAFLD. The lack of clinical studies related to the potential therapeutic properties of IL-1 inhibitors currently does not allow us to conclude their validity as a therapeutic option, although preclinical studies show promising results. Further studies are needed to elucidate their beneficial properties in NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sanja Gluscevic
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Department for Neurology, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Filiz Mercantepe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53010 Rize, Turkey
| | - Sana Rafaqat
- Department of Biotechnology (Human Genetics), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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Kjærgaard K, Daugaard Mikkelsen AC, Landau AM, Eriksen PL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Magnusson NE, Thomsen MB, Chen F, Vilstrup H, Mookerjee RP, Bay-Richter C, Thomsen KL. Cognitive dysfunction in early experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100992. [PMID: 38415019 PMCID: PMC10897893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Cognitive dysfunction is an increasingly recognised manifestation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the mechanistic link remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that experimental MASLD leads to cognitive dysfunction via systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Methods Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomised to a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet to induce MASLD, or a standard diet (n = 10/group), for 16 weeks. Assessments included: MASLD severity (histology), neurobehaviour, inflammation (liver, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid), brain microglia and astrocyte activation, and synaptic density. Results The HFHC diet induced MASLD with extensive steatosis and lobular inflammation without fibrosis. Several plasma cytokines were elevated (CXCL1, IL-6, IL-17, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-10; all p <0.05) and correlated with increases in hepatic chemokine gene expression. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CXCL1 were elevated (p = 0.04). In the prefrontal brain cortex, we observed a 19% increase in microglial activation confirmed by Iba1 immunohistochemistry (p = 0.03) and 3H-PK11195 autoradiography (p <0.01). In parallel, synaptic density was reduced to 92%, assessed by 3H-UCB-J autoradiography (p <0.01). MASLD animals exhibited impaired memory to previously encountered objects in the novel object recognition test (p = 0.047) and showed depression-like behaviour evidenced by increased immobility time (p <0.01) and reduced swimming time (p = 0.03) in the forced swim test. Conclusions Experimental non-fibrotic MASLD, as a model to reflect the early stage of human disease, results in cognitive impairment and depression-like behaviour. This is associated with an inflammatory phenotype not only in the liver but also in the plasma and brain, which together with diminished synaptic density, provides a pathophysiological link between liver disease and cognitive dysfunction in MASLD. Impact and implications Cognitive dysfunction is an increasingly recognised comorbidity in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study provides evidence of impaired memory and depression-like symptoms in early experimental MASLD and indicates that hepatic inflammation may drive a systemic inflammatory response, resulting in neuroinflammation and reduced brain synaptic density. The evidence of impaired memory in MASLD and establishing its underlying pathophysiological link provides insights that could guide the development of potential new treatments for this increasingly common condition in people of working age. The study also emphasises the need to develop better tools for clinical cognitive testing, which will enable physicians to assess and manage brain dysfunction early in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Anne M. Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Peter Lykke Eriksen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilie Bay-Richter
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Zuo X, Kuang Y, Sun L, Zhang X. Yanggan Jiangmei Formula alleviates hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:224-234. [PMID: 38553190 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The role of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been posited as crucial. The Yanggan Jiangmei Formula (YGJMF) has shown promise in ameliorating hepatic steatosis in NASH patients, yet its pharmacological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of YGJMF in NASH and to elucidate its pharmacological underpinnings. To simulate NASH both in vivo and in vitro, high-fat-diet (HFD) rats and HepG2 cells stimulated with free fatty acids (FFAs) were utilized. The severity of liver injury and lipid deposition was assessed using serum indicators, histopathological staining, micro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio (SIRL/M). Furthermore, a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting analyses was employed to investigate the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and associated cytokine levels. The results from liver pathology, MRI assessments, and biochemical tests in rat models demonstrated YGJMF's significant effectiveness in reducing liver damage and lipid accumulation. Additionally, YGJMF markedly reduced hepatocyte inflammation by downregulating inflammatory cytokines in both liver tissue and serum. Furthermore, YGJMF was found to disrupt NF-κB activation, consequently inhibiting the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome in both the in vitro and in vivo models. The preliminary findings of this study suggest that YGJMF may alleviate hepatic steatosis and inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchen Zuo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yufeng Kuang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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García-Topete DA, Álvarez-Lee LA, Carballo-López GI, Uriostegui-Campos MA, Guzmán-Uribe C, Castro-Ceseña AB. Antifibrotic activity of carbon quantum dots in a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using hepatic stellate cells. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1307-1319. [PMID: 38263852 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Around 33% of the global population suffers from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From these patients, 30% of them progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the critical point where lack of treatment leads to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Moreover, to date, there are no approved therapeutic options available for NASH. It is known that hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation contributes the most to hepatic disfunction, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and chronic inflammation, and that the use of nanomaterials to deliver antioxidants may have potential to reduce the activity of activated HSCs. Therefore, we implemented a human in vitro co-culture model in which we take into consideration two factors related to NASH and fibrosis: human hepatic stellate cells from a NASH diagnosed donor (HHSC-N) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), particularly lymphocytes. The co-cultures were treated with: (1) carbon quantum dots (CD) or (2) lactoferrin conjugated CD (CD-LF) for 24 h or 72 h. CD and CD-LF treatments significantly downregulated profibrotic genes' expression levels of ACTA2, COL1A1, and TIMP1 in co-cultured HHSC-N at 72 h. Also, we assayed the inflammatory response by quantifying the concentrations of cytokines IL-22, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-4 present in the co-culture's conditioned media whose concentrations may suggest a resolution-associated response in progress. Our findings may serve as a starting point for the development of a NASH treatment using bio-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A García-Topete
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Laura A Álvarez-Lee
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
- CONAHCYT-Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Gabriela I Carballo-López
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Marco A Uriostegui-Campos
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Guzmán-Uribe
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, UNAM. Km 107, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, C.P. 22800, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ana B Castro-Ceseña
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
- CONAHCYT-Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Zhu FL, Huang T, Lv ZL, Liang G, Yao Z, Lan LC, Qadir A, Chen XQ, Shan QW. Taurine Regulates the Expression of Interleukin -17/10 and Intestinal Flora and Protects the Liver and Intestinal Mucosa in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:675-689. [PMID: 38352234 PMCID: PMC10863462 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s440978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the intestinal inflammatory response and the abundance of intestinal bacteria in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and assess the intervention effects of taurine (TAU). Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: group I, normal diet and normal saline gavage; group II, normal diet and TAU gavage; group III, HFD and normal saline gavage; group IV, HFD and TAU gavage (from the 1st week); group V, HFD and TAU gavage (from the 10th week). At the end of the 16th week, all the animals were sacrificed. Body weight, liver weight, liver function, and serum lipid levels were measured. The histopathologies of the liver and ileum were observed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-10 in the ileum were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Three types of bacteria were detected in intestinal feces using the 16S rDNA qPCR method. Results The ileal IL-17 level in group III was significantly higher than those in the other four groups (P < 0.01). The ileal IL-10 mRNA levels in group IV was significantly higher than those in groups III and V (P < 0.05), and IL-10 protein MOD levels in group III was significantly lower than those in the other four groups (P < 0.01). The numbers of Lactobacillus in group III were significantly lower than those in the other four groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The numbers of Bifidobacteria in groups IV and V were significantly increased compared with that in group III (P < 0.05). Conclusion TAU may down-regulate the expression of IL-17, up-regulate the expression of IL-10 and regulate the intestinal flora, and alleviate the liver and intestinal damage in rats with HFD-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Li Lv
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Cheng Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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Calixto-Tlacomulco S, Luna-Reyes I, Delgado-Coello B, Gutiérrez-Vidal R, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Mas-Oliva J. CETP-derived Peptide Seq-1, the Key Component of HB-ATV-8 Vaccine Prevents Stress Responses, and Promotes Downregulation of Pro-Fibrotic Genes in Hepatocytes and Stellate Cells. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102937. [PMID: 38301446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 has emerged as a promising approach for NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and atherosclerosis prevention. HB-ATV-8 contains peptide seq-1 derived from the carboxy-end of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), shown to reduce liver fibrosis, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in animal models. Beyond the fact that this vaccine induces B-cell lymphocytes to code for antibodies against the seq-1 sequence, inhibiting CETP's cholesterol transfer activity, we have hypothesized that beyond the modulation of CETP activity carried out by neutralizing antibodies, the observed molecular effects may also correspond to the direct action of peptide seq-1 on diverse cellular systems and molecular features involved in the development of liver fibrosis. METHODS The HepG2 hepatoma-derived cell line was employed to establish an in vitro steatosis model. To obtain a conditioned cell medium to be used with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cultures, HepG2 cells were exposed to fatty acids or fatty acids plus peptide seq-1, and the culture medium was collected. Gene regulation of COL1A1, ACTA2, TGF-β, and the expression of proteins COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 were studied. AIM To establish an in vitro steatosis model employing HepG2 cells that mimics molecular processes observed in vivo during the onset of liver fibrosis. To evaluate the effect of peptide Seq-1 on lipid accumulation and pro-fibrotic responses. To study the effect of Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and pro-fibrotic responses in HSC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Peptide seq-1-treated HepG2 cells show a downregulation of COLIA1, ACTA2, and TGF-β genes, and a decreased expression of proteins such as COL1A1, MMP-2, and TIMP-2, associated with the remodeling of extracellular matrix components. The same results are observed when HSCs are incubated with peptide Seq-1-treated steatotic HepG2 cell supernatants. The present study consolidates the nasal vaccine HB-ATV-8 as a new prospect in the treatment of NASH directly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Luna-Reyes
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Gutiérrez-Vidal
- Researchers Program for Mexico CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Cinvestav Unidad Monterey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Krznaric J, Papic N, Vrsaljko N, Gjurasin B, Kutlesa M, Vince A. Steatotic Liver Disease and Sepsis Outcomes-A Prospective Cohort Study (SepsisFAT). J Clin Med 2024; 13:798. [PMID: 38337491 PMCID: PMC10856507 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: While it has been shown that steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with systemic changes in immune response, the impact of SLD on sepsis outcomes has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SLD and sepsis severity and outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study included consecutively hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired sepsis during a 16-month period. Results: Of the 378 included patients (49.5% male, median age of 69, IQR 57-78 years), 174 (46%) were diagnosed with SLD. Patients with SLD were older and more frequently fulfilled the criteria for metabolic syndrome. There were no differences in the source and etiology of sepsis between the groups. Patients with SLD exhibited a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (29.3% vs. 17.6%), the need for renal replacement therapy (16.1% vs. 8.8%), and more frequent use of invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 18.1%). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the SLD group (18.39% vs. 9.8%). The multivariable analysis indicated that SLD was associated with mortality (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.40-5.71) irrespective of the other elements within metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: SLD might be associated with higher sepsis in-hospital mortality, and more frequent development of acute kidney and respiratory insufficiency requiring more critical care support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Krznaric
- Department of Infectology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (A.V.)
- Department for Adult Intensive Care and Neuroinfections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Neven Papic
- Department of Infectology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (A.V.)
- Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Vrsaljko
- Department for Adult Intensive Care and Neuroinfections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Branimir Gjurasin
- Department for Adult Intensive Care and Neuroinfections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Marko Kutlesa
- Department of Infectology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (A.V.)
- Department for Adult Intensive Care and Neuroinfections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Adriana Vince
- Department of Infectology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (M.K.); (A.V.)
- Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wang Y, Fleishman JS, Li T, Li Y, Ren Z, Chen J, Ding M. Pharmacological therapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336216. [PMID: 38313077 PMCID: PMC10834746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of a global rise in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has become the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the annual occurrence of MASLD-driven HCC expected to increase by 45%-130% by 2030. Although MASLD has become a serious major public health threat globally, the exact molecular mechanisms mediating MASLD-driven HCC remain an open problem, necessitating future investigation. Meanwhile, emerging studies are focusing on the utility of bioactive compounds to halt the progression of MASLD to MASLD-driven HCC. In this review, we first briefly review the recent progress of the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression for MASLD-driven HCC. We then discuss the application of bioactive compounds to mitigate MASLD-driven HCC through different modulatory mechanisms encompassing anti-inflammatory, lipid metabolic, and gut microbial pathways, providing valuable information for future treatment and prevention of MASLD-driven HCC. Nonetheless, clinical research exploring the effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of MASLD-driven HCC is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Tongda Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchao Ding
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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Pezzino S, Luca T, Castorina M, Puleo S, Latteri S, Castorina S. Role of Perturbated Hemostasis in MASLD and Its Correlation with Adipokines. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38255708 PMCID: PMC10820028 DOI: 10.3390/life14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to rise, making it one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders. MASLD encompasses a range of liver pathologies, from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis. Interestingly, the liver exhibits close intercommunication with fatty tissue. In fact, adipose tissue could contribute to the etiology and advancement of MASLD, acting as an endocrine organ that releases several hormones and cytokines, with the adipokines assuming a pivotal role. The levels of adipokines in the blood are altered in people with MASLD, and recent research has shed light on the crucial role played by adipokines in regulating energy expenditure, inflammation, and fibrosis in MASLD. However, MASLD disease is a multifaceted condition that affects various aspects of health beyond liver function, including its impact on hemostasis. The alterations in coagulation mechanisms and endothelial and platelet functions may play a role in the increased vulnerability and severity of MASLD. Therefore, more attention is being given to imbalanced adipokines as causative agents in causing disturbances in hemostasis in MASLD. Metabolic inflammation and hepatic injury are fundamental components of MASLD, and the interrelation between these biological components and the hemostasis pathway is delineated by reciprocal influences, as well as the induction of alterations. Adipokines have the potential to serve as the shared elements within this complex interrelationship. The objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the existing scientific knowledge on the impairment of hemostasis in MASLD and its connection with adipokines, with the aim of enhancing our comprehension of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Tonia Luca
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Khalaf SE, Abdelfattah SN, Khaliefa AK, Daoud SA, Yahia E, Hasona NA. Expression of PVT-1 and miR-29a/29b as reliable biomarkers for liver cirrhosis and their correlation with the inflammatory biomarkers profile. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241251451. [PMID: 38685136 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241251451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic processes, which can be significantly impacted by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). These ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous liver disorders. Our study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of plasmacytoma variant translocation-1 (PVT-1), microRNA-29a/29b (miR-29a/miR-29b), and inflammatory biomarkers [ interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which lncRNAs and miRNAs influence liver metabolism is of paramount importance in developing effective treatments for liver-related diseases. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 164 participants, comprising 114 cirrhotic patients with varying grades (35 grade I, 35 grade II, and 44 grade III) and 50 healthy controls. PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The study participants exhibited notable differences in PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b expression. ROC analysis revealed excellent discriminative power for PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b in distinguishing cirrhotic patients from healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the promising potential of PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b as early diagnostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis detection, requiring further validation in larger cohorts. Our findings also reinforce the diagnostic value of circulating inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IGF-1) levels for liver cirrhosis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza E Khalaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Amal K Khaliefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef National University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Enas Yahia
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef National University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Hasona
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef National University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Fan B, Cheng C, Yang Y, Wang P, Xia H, Wu M, Li H, Manzoor Syed B, Liu Q. Construction of an adverse outcome pathway framework based on integrated data to evaluate arsenic-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108381. [PMID: 38118209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a recognized environmental pollutant naturally occurring in aquifers through geological processes. Toxicological studies have revealed that liver is the main target organ harmed by arsenic exposure. However, systematic studies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not comprehensive, and information regarding threats and risk assessment remains insufficient. This research aimed to examine the association between arsenic exposure and NAFLD and uncover the role of molecular initiating events and key events in disease development using the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). Data from 8,104 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to explore the relationship between urinary arsenic and NAFLD. In a logistic regression model, urinary inorganic arsenic levels positively correlated with NAFLD (odds ratio = 1.12, 95 % confidence interval = 1.07-1.16). Subsequently, to gain a deeper understanding of arsenic-induced NAFLD, an AOP framework was constructed, revealing that arsenic exposure led to elevate levels of TNF-α, which regulated the NF-κB pathway and led to hepatic lipid deposition, causing NAFLD. This AOP was assessed as "high" according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development users' handbook, and in vitro and in vivo models validated the AOP framework. In summary, this study highlights the potential mechanisms of arsenic-induced NAFLD. We combined the AOP with classical toxicological approaches with a view of establishing, rapidly and accurately, the lowest level at which environmental arsenic exposure can have adverse effects on the body, thereby contributing to risk assessment strategies for arsenic exposure through iterative and animal modeling at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Fan
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binafsha Manzoor Syed
- Medical Research Centre, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76090, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chen L, Meng J, Zheng J, Zhao T, Li Q, Lu C. Role of CCRL2 in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis via P21-Activated Kinase 1/NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Pathway. Int Heart J 2024; 65:339-348. [PMID: 38556341 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Myocarditis, a severe inflammatory disease, is becoming a worldwide public health concern. This study aims to elucidate the effect of Chemokine (C C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) occurrence and its potential regulatory mechanisms.EAM was simulated in a mouse model injected with α-myosin-heavy chain. The changes on EAM were assessed through histological staining of heart tissues, including measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI), proinflammatory cytokines, transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and cardiac function. Then, the heart tissues from the EAM mouse model and control groups were analyzed through transcriptome sequencing to identify the differential expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes related to pyroptosis. Downregulation of CCRL2 further verified the function of CCRL2 on EAM and p21-activated kinase 1/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (PAK/NLRP3) signaling pathways in vivo.The EAM model was constructed successfully, with the heart weight/body weight ratio, serum level of cTnI, and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines elevation. Moreover, cell apoptosis was also significantly increased. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 696 and 120 upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. After functional enrichment, CCRL2 was selected as a potential target. Then, we verified that CCRL2 knockdown improved cardiac function, alleviated EAM occurrence, and reduced PAK/NLRP3 protein expression.CCRL2 may act as a novel potential treatment target in EAM by regulating the PAK1/NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Rizhao
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Rizhao
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Qi Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Manivannan J. Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure aggravates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response under hypertensive milieu - Impact of low dose on hepatocytes and influence of MAPK and ER stress pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114197. [PMID: 38029875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to the hazardous chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA), is almost ubiquitous. Due to the prevalence of hypertension (CVD risk factor) in the aged human population, it is necessary to explore its adverse effect in hypertensive subjects. The current study exposed the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to human exposure relevant low dose of BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. The liver biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression (RT-qPCR), trace elements (ICP-MS), primary rat hepatocytes cell culture and metabolomic (1H NMR) assessments were performed. Results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (hepatic fibrosis), oxidative stress, ACE activity, malfunction of the antioxidant system, lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-6) expression. Also, in cells, BPA increased ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation without any impact on cytotoxicity and caspase 3 and 9 activation. Notably, BPA exposure modulate lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fatty acid) in primary hepatocytes. Finally, the influence of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, ER stress and oxidative stress during relatively high dose of BPA elicited cytotoxicity was observed. Therefore, a precise hazardous risk investigation of BPA exposure in hypertensive populations is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li X, Chen W, Ren J, Gao X, Zhao Y, Song T, Fu K, Zheng Y, Yang J. Effects of curcumin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A scientific metrogy study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155241. [PMID: 38128395 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases encountered in clinical practice. Curcumin can alleviate insulin resistance, inhibit oxidative stress response, reduce inflammation, reduce liver fat deposition, and effectively improve NAFLD through various modalities, inhibiting the progression into cirrhosis and fibrosis. PURPOSE To explore the current status, hot spots, and developing trends of curcumin in NAFLD treatment through quantitative scientific analysis to serve as a reference for subsequent studies. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of action of curcumin in the treatment of NAFLD and methods to increase curcumin bioavailability using bibliometric analysis and literature review. METHODS This study used VOSviewer software to analyze the literature related to curcumin treatment of NAFLD in the Web of Science (WOS) core set database. A comprehensive and in-depth review was conducted based on the results of scientific econometric research and literature review. RESULTS The review observed that curcumin can activate various signaling pathways such as AMPK and NF-κB to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby reflecting its pharmacological effects: lowering lipid, anti-inflammatory, reducing insulin resistance, and anti-fibrosis. These mechanisms improve or even reverse the complex pathological features of lipid metabolism disorders associated with NAFLD. Curcumin also can potentially serve as a primary regulatory target for treating hepatic steatosis using gut microbiota. However, these pharmacological effects of curcumin were limited owing to its low bioavailability. CONCLUSION This review discusses NAFLD treatment with curcumin, analyzes the reasons for its low bioavailability, and introduces models for studying and methods for improving curcumin bioavailability. As research on NAFLD grows, future research should capture the trend of basic research, pay attention to clinical research, and continuously explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinchen Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Yanchao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Driessen S, Francque SM, Anker SD, Castro Cabezas M, Grobbee DE, Tushuizen ME, Holleboom AG. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the heart. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00699. [PMID: 38147315 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are increasing. Physicians who treat patients with MASLD may acknowledge the strong coincidence with cardiometabolic disease, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD). This raises questions on co-occurrence, causality, and the need for screening and multidisciplinary care for MASLD in patients with asCVD, and vice versa. Here, we review the interrelations of MASLD and heart disease and formulate answers to these matters. Epidemiological studies scoring proxies for atherosclerosis and actual cardiovascular events indicate increased atherosclerosis in patients with MASLD, yet no increased risk of asCVD mortality. MASLD and asCVD share common drivers: obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), smoking, hypertension, and sleep apnea syndrome. In addition, Mendelian randomization studies support that MASLD may cause atherosclerosis through mixed hyperlipidemia, while such evidence is lacking for liver-derived procoagulant factors. In the more advanced fibrotic stages, MASLD may contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by reduced filling of the right ventricle, which may induce fatigue upon exertion, often mentioned by patients with MASLD. Some evidence points to an association between MASLD and cardiac arrhythmias. Regarding treatment and given the strong co-occurrence of MASLD and asCVD, pharmacotherapy in development for advanced stages of MASLD would ideally also reduce cardiovascular events, as has been demonstrated for T2DM treatments. Given the common drivers, potential causal factors and especially given the increased rate of cardiovascular events, comprehensive cardiometabolic risk management is warranted in patients with MASLD, preferably in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Driessen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Julius Clinical, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Clinical, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Georgescu D, Lighezan DF, Rosca CI, Nistor D, Ancusa OE, Suceava I, Iancu MA, Kundnani NR. NASH/NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Added Burden. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38255641 PMCID: PMC10817629 DOI: 10.3390/life14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequently found primary malignancy of the liver, showing an accelerated upward trend over the past few years and exhibiting an increasing relationship with metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The connection between these risk factors and the occurrence of HCC is represented by the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which later, based on genetic predisposition and various triggers (including the presence of chronic inflammation and changes in the intestinal microbiome), may evolve into HCC. HCC in many cases is diagnosed at an advanced stage and can be an incidental finding. We present such a scenario in the case of a 41-year-old male patient who had mild obesity and mixed dyslipidemia, no family or personal records of digestive pathologies and who recently developed a history of progressive fatigue, dyspepsia and mild upper abdominal discomfort initially thought to be linked to post-COVID syndrome, as the patient had COVID-19 pneumonia a month prior. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a mild hepatomegaly with bright liver aspect of the right lobe (diffuse steatosis), a large zone of focal steatosis (segments IV, III and II) and a left lobe tumoral mass, highly suggestive of malignancy. Point shear wave elastography at the right lobe ruled out an end-stage chronic liver disease. Additional laboratory investigations, imaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging) and histopathological examination of liver fragments confirmed a highly aggressive HCC, with poorly differentiation-G3, (T4, N 1M 0) and stage IVA, associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A sorafenib course of treatment was attempted, but the patient discontinued it due to severe side effects. The subsequent evolution was extremely unfavorable, with rapid degradation, a few episodes of upper digestive bleeding, hepatic insufficiency and mortality in a couple of months. Conclusions: Diagnosis of NASH-related HCC is either an accidental finding or is diagnosed at an advanced stage. In order to earn time for a proper treatment, it becomes important to diagnose it at an early stage, for which regular check-ups should be performed in groups having the risk factors related to it. Patients suffering from obesity and mixed dyslipidemia should undergo periodic abdominal ultrasound examinations. This should be emphasized even more in the cases showing NASH. Complaints of any kind post-COVID-19 should be dealt with keenly as little is yet known about its virulence and its long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Florin Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilie Rosca
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daciana Nistor
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Centre of Imuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in Cancer, 3000723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Ancusa
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Suceava
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Adela Iancu
- Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology—Discipline of Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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48
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Jain V, Mehta A, Lee TB, Liu C, Chew NWS, Ko Y, Gold ME, Gold DA, Vatsa N, Desai SR, Kim JH, Rahbar A, Haroun Y, Ejaz K, Hayek SS, Siddiqui MS, Salloum FN, Sperling LS, Sanyal AJ, Quyyumi AA. Immune Activation Mediates the Association of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031230. [PMID: 38063161 PMCID: PMC10863787 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests a bidirectional association between advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the association of AHF with immune activation, systemic inflammation, and adverse outcomes in patients with CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS A fibrosis-4 index cutoff value ≥2.67 was used to define AHF. Circulating levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured as markers for immune activation and systemic inflammation, respectively. The relationship of AHF with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, hsCRP, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes was evaluated. Among 3406 participants with CAD, 479 had AHF. Participants with AHF were older; were less likely to be Black individuals; and had a lower body mass index, worse renal function, and a prior history of heart failure. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for clinical and demographic confounders, participants with AHF had 15.6% higher soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and 24.0% higher hsCRP levels. They were more likely to experience the following adverse outcomes: all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.57 ([95% CI, 1.29-1.92]; P<0.001) and cardiovascular death: (subdistribution HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.14-1.95]; P=0.003). Mediation analysis showed that 47.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-81.2%]; P=0.006) of the indirect effect of AHF on cardiovascular death was mediated by circulating soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels. CONCLUSIONS AHF is independently associated with immune activation, systemic inflammation, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD. The association of AHF with adverse outcomes is partly mediated by immune activation, and targeting this pathway may help reduce the residual risk in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardhmaan Jain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Pauley Heart CenterRichmondVAUSA
| | - Terence B. Lee
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Pauley Heart CenterRichmondVAUSA
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of CardiologyNational University Heart Centre, National University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Yi‐An Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Matthew E. Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Daniel A. Gold
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Nishant Vatsa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Shivang R. Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jonathan H. Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Alireza Rahbar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yazan Haroun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Kiran Ejaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Salim S. Hayek
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Fadi N. Salloum
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Pauley Heart CenterRichmondVAUSA
| | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University Stravitz‐Sanyal Liver InstituteRichmondVAUSA
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineEmory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
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49
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Lee TB, Kueh MTW, Jain V, Razavi AC, Alebna P, Chew NWS, Mehta A. Biomarkers of Hepatic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1783-1795. [PMID: 37971635 PMCID: PMC10902719 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this manuscript is to examine the current literature on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) biomarkers and their correlation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and cardiovascular risk scores. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a growing appreciation for an independent link between NAFLD and CVD, culminating in a scientific statement by the American Heart Association in 2022. More recently, studies have begun to identify biomarkers of the three NAFLD phases as potent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Despite the body of evidence supporting a connection between hepatic biomarkers and CVD, more research is certainly needed, as some studies find no significant relationship. If this relationship continues to be robust and readily reproducible, NAFLD and its biomarkers may have an exciting role in the future of cardiovascular risk prediction, possibly as risk-enhancing factors or as components of novel cardiovascular risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence B Lee
- VCU Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Martin T W Kueh
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland & University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anurag Mehta
- VCU Health Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Preventive Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980036, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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50
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Kronborg TM, Schierwagen R, Trošt K, Gao Q, Moritz T, Bendtsen F, Gantzel RH, Andersen ML, Teisner AS, Grønbæk H, Hobolth L, Møller S, Trebicka J, Kimer N. Atorvastatin for patients with cirrhosis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0332. [PMID: 38051553 PMCID: PMC10697620 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension face a high risk of complications. Besides their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, statins may reduce portal pressure and thus the risk of complications and mortality. We aimed to investigate the effects of atorvastatin on hospital admissions, mortality, inflammation, and lipidomics in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. METHODS We performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial among patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Atorvastatin (10-20 mg/d) was administered for 6 months. We measured splanchnic hemodynamics, analyzed inflammatory markers, and performed lipidomics at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients were randomized, with 38 patients allocated to atorvastatin and 40 patients to placebo. Fifty-nine patients completed 6 months of intervention. Comparisons between changes in each group were calculated. Liver-related complications and mortality were similar between the groups. The HVPG and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score did not change between groups (p=0.95 and 0.87, respectively). Atorvastatin decreased 3 of 42 inflammatory markers, CD62-L-selectin, matrix metalloproteinases-2, and TNF-α (p-values: 0.005, 0.011, and 0.023, respectively), while lipidomics was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS In patients with cirrhosis, atorvastatin was safe to use, but did not reduce mortality, the risk of liver-related complications, or the HVPG. Atorvastatin induced minor anti-inflammatory effects and minor effects on lipids during a 6-month treatment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thit M. Kronborg
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Gao
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H. Gantzel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette L. Andersen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ane S. Teisner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Hobolth
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre of Functional Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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