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Younes S, Nicolai E, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Daas H, Al‐Sadeq D, Younes N, Shurrab F, Nizamuddin P, Humaira F, Al‐Dewik N, Yassine H, Abu‐Raddad L, Ismail A, Nasrallah G. Follow-Up and Comparative Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, Neutralizing, and Total Antibody Responses After BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Heterologous Booster Vaccination. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13290. [PMID: 38706402 PMCID: PMC11070770 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting is considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses comparing the immunogenicity of heterologous booster to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between homologous primary vaccination regimens and heterologous prime-boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. METHODS We matched vaccinated naïve (VN) individuals (n = 673) with partial vaccination (n = 64), primary vaccination (n = 590), and primary series plus mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (n = 19) with unvaccinated naturally infected (NI) individuals with a documented primary SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA titers. RESULTS Homologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination regimens (p < 0.05) but also showed ~3-fold less anti-S1 IgA response compared to infection-induced immunity (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, a heterologous booster led to an increase of ~12 times in the immune response when compared to two consecutive homologous ChAdOx1 immunizations. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both anti-S-RBD IgG and anti-S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci-symptomatic individuals, whereas among VN individuals, anti-S-RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization. CONCLUSION The results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity particularly in patients who received primary vaccination with ChAdOx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Younes
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Clinical BiochemistryTor Vergata University HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Clinical BiochemistryTor Vergata University HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Hanin I. Daas
- College of Dental Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Duaa W. Al‐Sadeq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | | | | | - Fathima Humaira
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Nader Al‐Dewik
- Department of Research and Translational and Precision Medicine Research Lab, Women's Wellness and Research CenterHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health & Life Science (CHLS)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)DohaQatar
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Laith J. Abu‐Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education CityDohaQatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarCornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education CityDohaQatar
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission DepartmentMinistry of Public HealthDohaQatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health SciencesQatar UniversityDohaQatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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2
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Zhang YV, Kumanovics A, Wiencek J, Melanson SEF, Love T, Wu AHB, Zhao Z, Meng QH, Koch DD, Apple FS, Ondracek CR, Christenson RH. Performance of Three Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S and One Anti-N Immunoassays for the Monitoring of Immune Status and Vaccine Response. Viruses 2024; 16:292. [PMID: 38400067 PMCID: PMC10891747 DOI: 10.3390/v16020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of three anti-S and one anti-N assays that were available to the project in detecting antibody levels after three commonly used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson). It also aimed to assess the association of age, sex, race, ethnicity, vaccine timing, and vaccine side effects on antibody levels in a cohort of 827 individuals. In September 2021, 698 vaccinated individuals donated blood samples as part of the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) COVID-19 Immunity Study. These individuals also participated in a comprehensive survey covering demographic information, vaccination status, and associated side effects. Additionally, 305 age- and gender-matched samples were obtained from the ADLM 2015 sample bank as pre-COVID-19-negative samples. All these samples underwent antibody level analysis using three anti-S assays, namely Beckman Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Beckman assay), Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Ortho assay), Siemens ADVIA Centaur SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Siemens assay), and one anti-N antibody assay: Bio-Rad Platelia SARS-CoV-2 Total Ab assay (BioRad assay). A total of 827 samples (580 COVID-19 samples and 247 pre-COVID-19 samples) received results for all four assays and underwent further analysis. Beckman, Ortho, and Siemens anti-S assays showed an overall sensitivity of 99.5%, 97.6%, and 96.9%, and specificity of 90%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively. All three assays indicated 100% sensitivity for individuals who received the Moderna vaccine and boosters, and over 99% sensitivity for the Pfizer vaccine. Sensitivities varied from 70.4% (Siemens), 81.5% (Ortho), and 96.3% (Beckman) for individuals who received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. BioRad anti-N assays demonstrated 46.2% sensitivity and 99.25% specificity based on results from individuals with self-reported infection. The highest median anti-S antibody levels were measured in individuals who received the Moderna vaccine, followed by Pfizer and then Johnson & Johnson vaccines. Higher anti-S antibody levels were significantly associated with younger age and closer proximity to the last vaccine dose but were not associated with gender, race, or ethnicity. Participants with higher anti-S levels experienced significantly more side effects as well as more severe side effects (e.g., muscle pain, chills, fever, and moderate limitations) (p < 0.05). Anti-N antibody levels only indicated a significant correlation with headache. This study indicated performance variations among different anti-S assays, both among themselves and when analyzing individuals with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Caution should be exercised when conducting large-scale studies to ensure that the same platform and/or assays are used for the most effective interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Attila Kumanovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Joesph Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA;
| | - Stacy E. F. Melanson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanzy Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Alan H. B. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Qing H. Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - David D. Koch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Fred S. Apple
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin Healthcare/Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA;
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Ondracek
- Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine, Washington, DC 22203, USA;
| | - Robert H. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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3
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Martínez-Fleta P, Vicente-Rabaneda EF, Triguero-Martínez A, Roy-Vallejo E, Uriarte-Ecenarro M, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez F, Quiroga-Colina P, Romero-Robles A, Montes N, García-Castañeda N, Mejía-Abril GP, García-Vadillo JA, Llorente-Cubas I, Villagrasa JR, Serra López-Matencio JM, Ancochea J, Urzainqui A, Esparcia-Pinedo L, Alfranca A, de la Fuente H, García-Vicuña R, Sánchez-Madrid F, González-Álvaro I, Castañeda S. Beneficial effect of temporary methotrexate interruption on B and T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:21. [PMID: 38291047 PMCID: PMC10827732 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
B and T cell responses were evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) after 1 or 2 weeks of methotrexate (MTX) withdrawal following each COVID-19 vaccine dose and compared with those who maintained MTX. Adult RA and PsA patients treated with MTX were recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups: MTX-maintenance (n = 72), MTX-withdrawal for 1 week (n = 71) or MTX-withdrawal for 2 weeks (n = 73). Specific antibodies to several SARS-CoV-2 antigens and interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-21 responses were assessed. MTX withdrawal in patients without previous COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of anti-RBD IgG and neutralising antibodies, especially in the 2-week withdrawal group and with higher IFN-γ secretion upon stimulation with pools of SARS-CoV-2 S peptides. No increment of RA/PsA relapses was detected across groups. Our data indicate that two-week MTX interruption following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with RA or PsA improves humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther F Vicente-Rabaneda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Triguero-Martínez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Uriarte-Ecenarro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Quiroga-Colina
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Romero-Robles
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Montes
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia García-Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina P Mejía-Abril
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Vadillo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Llorente-Cubas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Villagrasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Serra López-Matencio
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario García-Vicuña
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-Princesa (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
- Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Stoma I, Korsak K, Voropaev E, Osipkina O, Kovalev A. Comparative immunogenicity and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac and Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccines: results of a pilot clinical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21877. [PMID: 38027828 PMCID: PMC10658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are few comparative studies on efficiency of broad range COVID19 vaccination strategy. This pilot aims to describe the effect of mixed COVID19 vaccination on vaccination adoption and subsequent total immunity, Conducted in Republic of Belarus, this pilot clinical study shows varying immunogenic responses to Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), Russian Federation (RF) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), People's Republic of China (PRC) vaccines. Objective To compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines in vaccinated individuals.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 adults participated in the present study. The immune response after vaccination was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. IgG levels were measured in all participants at three time points: before vaccination, on the 42nd day after the first vaccine dose, and in 6 months after the first vaccine dose. Age, sex of participants, vaccine type, history of COVID-19/IgG seropositivity were included in the multivariate analysis. The results of the SARS-CoV-2 infection antibody test were quantified according to the WHO First International Standard (NIBSC code:20/136) and measured in international units (BAU/ml). Results The study participants (n = 60) were divided into two groups where 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), and 50 % (n = 30) were vaccinated with Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Women represented 63 % and 77 % of Sputnik V and Sinopharm groups, respectively. The IgG levels on day 42 after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac): Me = 650.4 (642.2-669.4); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV: Me = 376.5 (290.9-526.4) (UMann-Whitney = 164, p = 0.000024). The IgG levels in 6 months after the first vaccine dose were: Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac)Me = 608.7 (574.6-647.1); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) Me = 106.3 (78.21-332.4); (UMann-Whitney = 172.5, p-value = 0.000042)). In a multivariate model Sputnik V vaccine type and IgG seropositivity at the baseline were significantly associated with higher levels of IgG both at 42 days and 6 months post-vaccination. Reactions after vaccination appeared in 27 vaccinated people (45 %). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine was more immunogenic than Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccine. IgG levels in vaccinated individuals who previously recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity) were higher than in SARS-CoV-2 infection immune-naive people. Reactions after vaccines administration were mild to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stoma
- Gomel state medical university, Gomel, Belarus
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Tyagi R, Basu S, Dhar A, Gupta S, Gupta SL, Jaiswal RK. Role of Immunoglobulin A in COVID-19 and Influenza Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1647. [PMID: 38005979 PMCID: PMC10675305 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is critical in the immune response against respiratory infections like COVID-19 and influenza [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Tyagi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Srijani Basu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Atika Dhar
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Suman Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Rishi K. Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Rasheed WS, Sarkees AN. IgG level of the third booster dose for mRNA of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among Iraqi healthcare workers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35444. [PMID: 37800839 PMCID: PMC10553022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination is an effective method for controlling the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and limiting the consequent mortality due to severe COVID-19. After the second dose, immunity can decline in certain cases over time; therefore, a third booster dose should be administered. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of the third dose of the messenger ribonucleic acid BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and determine the effect of the third booster dose of messenger ribonucleic acid COVID-19 vaccines, specifically (Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine/AZD1222), BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and Sinopharm among healthcare workers. This longitudinal panel design was conducted with 256 healthcare workers in Duhok Province, Iraq, from June to October 2022. Most participants had a normal body mass index (44% and 41% in the first and second phase, respectively). In the first phase, significant associations were observed between COVID-19 vaccines and positivity (P value ≤ .001), and between age groups and positivity (P value = .001). The mean severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody level in the ninth month was the highest among those who had received the Pfizer vaccine (6.7930), followed by AstraZeneca (2.8492), and Sinopharm (0.3060). In the 12th month, all 82 participants received Pfizer as a booster dose, and the highest mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody in the 12th month belonged to those whose second dose was Pfizer (46.8835), followed by AstraZeneca (36.4635), and Sinopharm (21.7815). The Pfizer vaccine is highly effective in restoring SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses and is well-tolerated. However, further investigation is required to determine the duration of disease protection of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Rasheed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Alaa Noori Sarkees
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Technology, Duhok Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Van Coillie J, Pongracz T, Šuštić T, Wang W, Nouta J, Le Gars M, Keijzer S, Linty F, Cristianawati O, Keijser JB, Visser R, van Vught LA, Slim MA, van Mourik N, Smit MJ, Sander A, Schmidt DE, Steenhuis M, Rispens T, Nielsen MA, Mordmüller BG, Vlaar AP, Ellen van der Schoot C, Roozendaal R, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Comparative analysis of spike-specific IgG Fc glycoprofiles elicited by adenoviral, mRNA, and protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. iScience 2023; 26:107619. [PMID: 37670790 PMCID: PMC10475480 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies are important mediators of vaccine-induced immunity through complement- and Fc receptor-dependent effector functions. Both are influenced by the composition of the conserved N-linked glycan located in the IgG Fc domain. Here, we compared the anti-Spike (S) IgG1 Fc glycosylation profiles in response to mRNA, adenoviral, and protein-based COVID-19 vaccines by mass spectrometry (MS). All vaccines induced a transient increase of antigen-specific IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation. An initial, transient increase of afucosylated IgG was induced by membrane-encoding S protein formulations. A fucose-sensitive ELISA for antigen-specific IgG (FEASI) exploiting FcγRIIIa affinity for afucosylated IgG was used as an orthogonal method to confirm the LC-MS-based afucosylation readout. Our data suggest that vaccine-induced anti-S IgG glycosylation is dynamic, and although variation is seen between different vaccine platforms and individuals, the evolution of glycosylation patterns display marked overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sofie Keijzer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olvi Cristianawati
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jim B.D. Keijser
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van Mourik
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel J. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin G. Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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8
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Sereejav E, Sandagdorj A, Bazarjav P, Ganbold S, Enkhtuvshin A, Tsedenbal N, Namuuntsetseg B, Chimedregzen K, Badarch D, Otgonbayar D, Artbazar B, Enebish O, Tsevegmid E, Baigude H, Batzorig U, Batmunkh B, Jantsansengee B, Tserendorj C, Dorjderem B, Tsolmon B, Ganbold T. Antibody responses to mRNA versus non-mRNA COVID vaccines among the Mongolian population. IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:1-8. [PMID: 37309454 PMCID: PMC10183229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background A nationwide vaccination program against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was started in Mongolia 4 months after the first local transmission, which occurred in November 2020. Previous studies have reported that two doses of COVID-19 vaccine result in increased antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A study was conducted in Mongolia 2 weeks after the second vaccine dose. In the present study, the serum levels of antibodies of individuals 6 months after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those of individuals who had not been infected or had been infected but had received two doses of vaccine, including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, Gam-COVID-Vac, and BBIBP-CorV, which were used for COVID-19 in Mongolia. Methods Of the 450 participants in this study, 237 (52.66%) were female and 213 (47.33%) were male. Four hundred people with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection who received two doses of 4 different COVID-19 vaccine participated in the vaccine groups and vaccine plus SARS-CoV-2 infection groups (50 in each group) and 50 individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 participated in the unvaccinated group. Total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S protein human IgG, and antibody inhibiting RBD-ACE2 binding were tested. Results In the BNT162b2 vaccine group, total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 remained constant until 6 months, while the other vaccine groups showed a significant decrease, as compared to the unvaccinated group. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD protein IgG was significantly increased in the ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19, Gam-COVID-Vac, and BNT162b2 vaccines groups as compared to the unvaccinated group. Participants in the BNT162b2 vaccine group had higher ACE2 inhibition efficiency compared to the other vaccine groups as well as the unvaccinated group. Conclusions The BNT162b2 vaccine showed the highest level of antibody against SARS-CoV-2, followed by the BBIBP-CorV, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1 n-CoV-19 vaccines. The level of antibodies was increased in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, as compared to uninfected but vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Purevbat Bazarjav
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sarangua Ganbold
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | | | - Darmaa Badarch
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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9
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Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Hennenfent A, Bara AJ, Lagnika L, Kocou B, Adjagba M, Laleye A, Hoerauf A, Parcina M. Negative association between ascaris lumbricoides seropositivity and Covid-19 severity: insights from a study in Benin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233082. [PMID: 37622109 PMCID: PMC10446766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects worldwide, but the trajectory of the pandemic has been milder in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), including those in Africa. Co-infection with helminths, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, has been suggested as a possible factor contributing to the reduced severity observed in these regions. Methods The present study investigated the association between Ascaris-specific antibody levels and COVID-19 severity in 276 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in Benin. Participants were categorized into asymptomatic (n=100), mild (n=150), and severe (n=26) groups based on clinical disease severity. Sera were collected and analyzed using ELISA to measure Ascaris and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, while Luminex was used to assess cytokines and SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody expression. Results and discussion The results demonstrated that asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals expressed, on average, 1.7 and 2.2-times higher levels of Ascaris antibodies compared to individuals with mild and severe COVID-19, respectively. This finding suggests an inverse correlation between Ascaris antibody levels and COVID-19 severity. Notably, logistic regression analysis showed that Ascaris seropositivity was significantly associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 (OR = 0.277, p = 0.021). Interestingly, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure showed lower expression of Ascaris antibodies. Strikingly, no correlation was observed between Ascaris antibody levels and SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies. On the other hand, individuals seronegative for Ascaris displayed significantly higher levels of systemic pro-inflammatory markers compared to seropositive individuals. These findings suggest that higher expression of Ascaris antibodies is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and may contribute to the reduction of the risk to develop severe COVID-19. The beneficial effect of Ascaris seropositivity on COVID-19 outcomes in Benin may be attributed to a decrease in comorbidities and pro-inflammatory markers. These observations provide valuable insights into the milder COVID-19 trajectory observed in Africa and may have implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomabu Adjobimey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative pour l’Innovation thérapeutique (BioInov), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anneka Hennenfent
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anick J. Bara
- Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative pour l’Innovation thérapeutique (BioInov), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Latifou Lagnika
- Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative pour l’Innovation thérapeutique (BioInov), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Bienvenu Kocou
- Laboratoire de Biologie intégrative pour l’Innovation thérapeutique (BioInov), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST), Université d’Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Marius Adjagba
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Anatole Laleye
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn-Cologne Site, German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Bormann M, Brochhagen L, Alt M, Otte M, Thümmler L, van de Sand L, Kraiselburd I, Thomas A, Gosch J, Braß P, Ciesek S, Widera M, Dolff S, Dittmer U, Witzke O, Meyer F, Lindemann M, Schönfeld A, Rohn H, Krawczyk A. Immune responses in COVID-19 patients during breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta, Omicron-BA.1 and Omicron-BA.5. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150667. [PMID: 37520539 PMCID: PMC10372796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are increasingly observed in vaccinated individuals. Immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly Omicron-BA.5, are poorly understood. We investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during Delta and Omicron infection waves. Methods The corresponding SARS-CoV-2 variant of the respective patients were identified by whole genome sequencing. Humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and a cell culture-based neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 D614G isolate (wildtype), Alpha, Delta (AY.43) and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.5). Cellular immunity was evaluated with an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Results On a cellular level, patients showed a minor IFN-γ response after stimulating PBMCs with mutated regions of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron-BA.1 and especially BA.5 were strongly reduced. Double-vaccinated patients with Delta breakthrough infection showed a significantly increased neutralizing antibody response against Delta compared to double-vaccinated uninfected controls (median complete neutralization titer (NT100) 640 versus 80, p<0.05). Omicron-BA.1 infection increased neutralization titers against BA.1 in double-vaccinated patients (median NT100 of 160 in patients versus 20 in controls, p=0.07) and patients that received booster vaccination (median NT100 of 50 in patients versus 20 in controls, p=0.68). For boosted patients with BA.5 breakthrough infection, we found no enhancing effect on humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusion Neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron-BA.1 and especially BA.5 were strongly reduced in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Delta and Omicron-BA.1 but not Omicron-BA.5 infections boosted the humoral immunity in double-vaccinated patients and patients with booster vaccination. Despite BA.5 breakthrough infection, those patients may still be vulnerable for reinfections with BA.5 or other newly emerging variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bormann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Brochhagen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mira Alt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona Otte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Thümmler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas van de Sand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivana Kraiselburd
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Thomas
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jule Gosch
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peer Braß
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Folker Meyer
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönfeld
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Masson LC, Servian CDP, Jardim VH, Dos Anjos D, Dorta ML, Batalha-Carvalho JV, Moro AM, Romão PRT, Souza M, Fiaccadori FS, Fonseca SG. Heterologous Booster with BNT162b2 Induced High Specific Antibody Levels in CoronaVac Vaccinees. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1183. [PMID: 37514999 PMCID: PMC10383528 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination should be evaluated in different populations around the world. This study compared antibody responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, CoronaVac, and BNT162b2 vaccines. Blood samples from vaccinees were collected pre- and post-vaccinations with the second and third doses. The study enrolled 78 vaccinees, of whom 62.8% were women, with the following median ages: 26 years-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; 40 years-CoronaVac; 30 years-BNT162b2. Serum samples were quantified for anti-RBD IgG and anti-RBD IgA and anti-spike IgG by ELISA. After two vaccine doses, BNT162b2 vaccinees produced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac vaccinees. The third dose booster with BNT162b2 induced higher levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG, and anti-spike IgG in CoronaVac vaccinees. Individuals who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during the study had higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG production. In conclusion, two doses of the studied vaccines induced detectable levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG in vaccinees. The heterologous booster with BNT162b2 increased anti-RBD IgA and IgG and anti-spike IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees and anti-RBD IgA levels in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher anti-RBD IgA and IgG levels in CoronaVac vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Carrijo Masson
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina do Prado Servian
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Jardim
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Déborah Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Souza Fiaccadori
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
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12
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Bureerug TC, Kanokudom S, Suntronwong N, Yorsaeng R, Assawakosri S, Thongmee T, Poovorawan Y. Evaluation of Anti-S1 IgA Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccination Regimens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1117. [PMID: 37376506 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA plays a crucial role in early virus neutralization. To identify the IgA stimulation by COVID-19 vaccine, this study aimed to evaluate the level of anti-S1 IgA in the serum of participants immunized with different COVID-19 vaccination regimens. Sera from 567 eligible participants vaccinated with two, three, or four doses of different types of COVID-19 vaccine were recruited. Post-vaccine anti-S1 IgA responses significantly varied according to vaccine type and regimen. The finding showed that heterologous boosters, especially after priming with an inactivated vaccine, elicited higher IgA levels than homologous boosters. Vaccination with SV/SV/PF produced the highest IgA level among all the immunization regimens after either two, three, or four doses. The different routes and amounts of vaccine used for vaccination showed non-significant differences in IgA levels. After the third dose of immunization for 4 months, the level of IgA decreased significantly from the level found on day 28 in both SV/SV/AZ and SV/SV/PF groups. In conclusion, our study showed that heterologous booster regimens for COVID-19 elicited higher anti-S1 IgA levels in serum, especially after priming with inactivated vaccine. The presented anti-S1 IgA may have advantages in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeraporn C Bureerug
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Thailand, The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 1030, Thailand
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13
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Symeonidou E, Dimitriadou A, Morsi-Yeroyannis A, Sidiropoulou MS, Gkoutziotis I, Petras P, Mpallas K. COVID-19 related acute necrotizing encephalopathy presenting in the early postoperative period. Arch Clin Cases 2023; 10:78-85. [PMID: 37293685 PMCID: PMC10246599 DOI: 10.22551/2023.39.1002.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 also has potential neurotropic effects. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is a rare complication of Covid-19. This article presents a case of an 81-year-old female, fully vaccinated, who underwent laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy due to gastroesophageal junction cancer. In the early postoperative period, the patient developed persistent fever accompanied by acute quadriplegia, impaired consciousness, and no signs of respiratory distress. Imaging with Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance revealed multiple bilateral lesions both in gray and white matter, as well as pulmonary embolism. Covid-19 infection was added to the differential diagnosis three weeks later, after other possible causes were excluded. The molecular test obtained at that time for coronavirus was negative. However, the high clinical suspicion index led to Covid-19 antibody testing (IgG and IgA), which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids with noticeable clinical improvement. She was discharged to a rehabilitation center. Six months later, the patient was in good general condition, although a neurological deficit was still present. This case indicates the significance of a high clinical suspicion index, based on a combination of clinical manifestations and neuroimaging, and the confirmation of the diagnosis with molecular and antibody testing. Constant awareness of a possible Covid-19 infection among hospitalized patients is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Symeonidou
- 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonios Morsi-Yeroyannis
- 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Gkoutziotis
- 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Petras
- 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mpallas
- 5th Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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DeJonge PM, Lambrou AS, Segaloff HE, Bateman A, Sterkel A, Griggs C, Baggott J, Kelly P, Thornburg N, Epperson M, Desamu-Thorpe R, Abedi G, Hsu CH, Nakayama JY, Ruffin J, Turner-Harper D, Matanock A, Almendares O, Whaley M, Chakrabarti A, DeGruy K, Daly M, Westergaard R, Tate JE, Kirking HL. Assessment of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels among university students vaccinated with different COVID-19 primary and booster doses - fall 2021, Wisconsin. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:374. [PMID: 37277736 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students commonly received COVID-19 vaccinations before returning to U.S. campuses in the Fall of 2021. Given likely immunologic variation among students based on differences in type of primary series and/or booster dose vaccine received, we conducted serologic investigations in September and December 2021 on a large university campus in Wisconsin to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. METHODS We collected blood samples, demographic information, and COVID-19 illness and vaccination history from a convenience sample of students. Sera were analyzed for both anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody levels using World Health Organization standardized binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL). Levels were compared across categorical primary COVID-19 vaccine series received and binary COVID-19 mRNA booster status. The association between anti-S levels and time since most recent vaccination dose was estimated by mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS In total, 356 students participated, of whom 219 (61.5%) had received a primary vaccine series of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccines and 85 (23.9%) had received vaccines from Sinovac or Sinopharm. Median anti-S levels were significantly higher for mRNA primary vaccine series recipients (2.90 and 2.86 log [BAU/mL], respectively), compared with those who received Sinopharm or Sinovac vaccines (1.63 and 1.95 log [BAU/mL], respectively). Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccine recipients were associated with a significantly faster anti-S decline over time, compared with mRNA vaccine recipients (P <.001). By December, 48/172 (27.9%) participants reported receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster, which reduced the anti-S antibody discrepancies between primary series vaccine types. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports the benefit of heterologous boosting against COVID-19. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine booster doses were associated with increases in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels; following an mRNA booster dose, students with both mRNA and non-mRNA primary series receipt were associated with comparable levels of anti-S IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M DeJonge
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA.
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA.
| | | | - Hannah E Segaloff
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | - Allen Bateman
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | - Alana Sterkel
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | - Carol Griggs
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | - Jake Baggott
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | - Patrick Kelly
- University Health Services, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
| | | | | | | | - Glen Abedi
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Y Nakayama
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Jasmine Ruffin
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | | | - Almea Matanock
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | | | - Melissa Whaley
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | | | - Kyle DeGruy
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Michele Daly
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Ryan Westergaard
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53703, USA
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15
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Huang CF, Jang TY, Wu PH, Kuo MC, Yeh ML, Wang CW, Liang PC, Wei YJ, Hsu PY, Huang CI, Hsieh MY, Lin YH, Hsiao HH, Hsu CM, Huang CT, Lee CY, Chen YH, Chen TC, Lin KD, Wang SH, Wang SF, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Impact of comorbidities on the serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in a Taiwanese cohort. Virol J 2023; 20:112. [PMID: 37268999 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the best policies to control COVID-19 pandemic. The serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwanese patients with different comorbidities is elusive. METHODS Uninfected subjects who received 3 doses of mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]), viral vector-based vaccines (ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222, AZ) or protein subunit vaccines (Medigen COVID-19 vaccine) were prospectively enrolled. The SARS-CoV-2-IgG spike antibody level was determined within three months after the 3rd dose of vaccination. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was applied to determine the association between vaccine titers and underlying comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 824 subjects were enrolled in the current study. The proportions of CCI scores of 0-1, 2-3 and > 4 were 52.8% (n = 435), 31.3% (n = 258) and 15.9% (n = 131), respectively. The most commonly used vaccination combination was AZ-AZ-Moderna (39.2%), followed by Moderna-Moderna-Moderna (27.8%). The mean vaccination titer was 3.11 log BAU/mL after a median of 48 days after the 3rd dose. Factors associated with potentially effective neutralization capacity (IgG level ≥ 4160 AU/mL) included age ≥ 60 years (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50/0.34-0.72, P < 0.001), female sex (OR/CI: 1.85/1.30-2.63, P = 0.001), Moderna-Moderna-based vaccination (compared to AZ-AZ-based vaccination, OR/CI: 6.49/3.90-10.83, P < 0.001), BNT-BNT-based vaccination (compared to AZ-AZ-based vaccination, OR/CI: 7.91/1.82-34.3, P = 0.006) and a CCI score ≥ 4 (OR/CI: 0.53/0.34-0.82, P = 0.004). There was a decreasing trend in antibody titers with increasing CCI scores (trend P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that higher CCI scores (β: - 0.083; 95% CI: - 0.094-0.011, P = 0.014) independently correlated with low IgG spike antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with more comorbidities had a poor serological response to 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mu Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Chieh Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shuo-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Csoma E, Nagy Koroknai Á, Sütő R, Szakács Szilágyi E, Pócsi M, Nagy A, Bíró K, Kappelmayer J, Nagy B. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Two Automated SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Immunoassays following Two Doses of mRNA, Adenoviral Vector, and Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccinations in COVID-19 Naïve Subjects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1187. [PMID: 37317161 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on humoral responses determined by automated neutralization tests following the administration of the three different types of COVID-19 vaccinations. Thus, we here evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers via two different neutralization assays in comparison to total spike antibody levels. METHODS Healthy participants (n = 150) were enrolled into three subgroups who were tested 41 (22-65) days after their second dose of mRNA (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273), adenoviral vector (ChAdOx1/Gam-COVID-Vac) and inactivated whole-virus (BBIBP-CorV) vaccines, with no history or serologic evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) titers were analyzed on a Snibe Maglumi® 800 instrument and a Medcaptain Immu F6® Analyzer in parallel to anti-SARS-CoV-2 S total antibody (S-Ab) levels (Roche Elecsys® e602). RESULTS Subjects who were administered mRNA vaccines demonstrated significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 N-Ab and S-Ab levels compared to those who received adenoviral vector and inactivated whole-virus vaccinations (p < 0.0001). N-Ab titers determined by the two methods correlated with each other (r = 0.9608; p < 0.0001) and S-Ab levels (r = 0.9432 and r = 0.9324; p < 0.0001, respectively). Based on N-Ab values, a new optimal threshold of Roche S-Ab was calculated (166 BAU/mL) for discrimination of seropositivity showing an AUC value of 0.975 (p < 0.0001). Low post-vaccination N-Ab levels (median value of 0.25 μg/mL or 7.28 AU/mL) were measured in those participants (n = 8) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2 within 6 months after immunizations. CONCLUSION Both SARS-CoV-2 N-Ab automated assays are effective to evaluate humoral responses after various COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Csoma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy Koroknai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Sütő
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Intensive Care Unit, Gyula Kenézy Campus, University of Debrecen, Bartók Béla út 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Kálmán Laki, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Szakács Szilágyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marianna Pócsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klára Bíró
- Institute of Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Gerhards C, Thiaucourt M, Hetjens M, Haselmann V, Neumaier M, Kittel M. Heterologous Vector-mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector-Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:701. [PMID: 36992285 PMCID: PMC10054089 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector-vector versus heterologous, vector-mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. RESULTS All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. CONCLUSION Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector-vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margot Thiaucourt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hetjens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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18
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BMI-Associated Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 Positivity in Healthy Adults after mRNA-Vaccination against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030670. [PMID: 36992254 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (AAA1) antibody levels associated with cardiovascular risk have been observed in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected or COVID-19-vaccinated individuals. Since patient safety is generally a priority in vaccination, we sought to investigate AAA1 antibody levels in healthy adults after mRNA vaccination. We conducted a prospective cohort study in healthy adult volunteers recruited from military workers of the Transport Air Base in Prague who had received two doses of mRNA vaccines. Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibody levels were determined using ELISA from serum samples obtained at three and four time points after the first and second vaccine doses, respectively, within almost 17 weeks of follow-up. The transient AAA1 positivity rate achieved 24.1% (95% confidence interval CI: 15.4–34.7%), i.e., 20 out of 83 participants had at least one positive post-vaccination sample, with a repeat positivity confirmed in only 5 of them. This rate was associated with a BMI > 26 kg/m2, as documented by an adjusted odds ratio of 6.79 (95% CI: 1.53–30.01). In addition, the highest positivity rate of 46.7% (21.3–73.4%) was observed in obese subjects with >30 kg/m2. Since the incidence rate of AAA1 positivity remained unchanged after the first and second vaccine doses, any relationship between AAA1 positivity and mRNA vaccination was inconclusive. The present study showed a transient AAA1 positivity rate associated with overweight or obesity without a proven association with mRNA vaccination.
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López-Cortés LF, Saborido-Alconchel A, Trujillo-Rodríguez M, Serna-Gallego A, Llaves-Flores S, Muñoz-Muela E, Pérez-Santos MJ, Lozano C, Mejias-Trueba M, Roca C, Espinosa N, Gutiérrez-Valencia A. Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-COV-2 after vaccination with mRNA vaccines in PLWH with discordant immune response. Influence of the vaccine administered. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129753. [PMID: 37006309 PMCID: PMC10050444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundData on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and discordant immune response (DIR) are currently limited. Therefore, we compare the immunogenicity of these vaccines in DIR and immunological responders (IR).MethodsA prospective cohort that enrolled 89 participants. Finally, 22 IR and 24 DIR were analyzed before vaccination (T0), one (T1) and six months (T2) after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. Additionally, 10 IR and 16 DIR were evaluated after a third dose (T3). Anti-S-RBD IgG, neutralizing antibodies (nAb), neutralization activity, and specific memory B cells were quantified. Furthermore, specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses were determined by intracellular cytokine staining and polyfunctionality indexes (Pindex).ResultsAt T1, all participants developed anti-S-RBD. 100% IR developed nAb compared to 83.3% DIR. Spike-specific B cells were detected in all IR and 21/24 DIR. Memory CD4+ T cells responded in 5/9 IR and 7/9 DIR, mainly based on the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, with a higher Pindex in DIR. Memory CD8+ T cells responded in only four participants in each group. At T2, anti-S-RBD and nAb titers were higher in DIR than in IR. In both groups, there was an increase in specific B memory cells, higher in DIR. Six IR and five DIR maintained a specific memory CD4+ response. Memory CD8+ response was preserved in IR but was lost in DIR. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, receiving mRNA-1273 instead of BNT162b2 played a prominent role in the results.ConclusionsOur data suggest that PLWH with DIR can mount an immune response similar to those with higher CD4+, provided they receive the mRNA-1273 vaccine instead of others less immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. López-Cortés
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis F. López-Cortés,
| | - Abraham Saborido-Alconchel
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Serna-Gallego
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Llaves-Flores
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Esperanza Muñoz-Muela
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Santos
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Mejias-Trueba
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Pharmacy Service, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, ;Spain
| | - Cristina Roca
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alicia Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Infectious Diseases and Clinic Microbiology Unit. Biomedicine Institute of Seville/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Dofuor AK, Quartey NKA, Osabutey AF, Boateng BO, Lutuf H, Osei JHN, Ayivi-Tosuh SM, Aiduenu AF, Ekloh W, Loh SK, Opoku MJ, Aidoo OF. The Global Impact of COVID-19: Historical Development, Molecular Characterization, Drug Discovery and Future Directions. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231218075. [PMID: 38144436 PMCID: PMC10748929 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231218075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of a respiratory disease called the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2, an encapsulated positive-stranded RNA virus, spread worldwide with disastrous consequences for people's health, economies, and quality of life. The disease has had far-reaching impacts on society, including economic disruption, school closures, and increased stress and anxiety. It has also highlighted disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, with marginalized communities disproportionately affected by the SARS-CoV-2. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild to severe. There is presently no effective cure. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in developing COVID-19 vaccine for different therapeutic targets. For instance, scientists developed multifold vaccine candidates shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak after Pfizer and AstraZeneca discovered the initial COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines reduce disease spread, severity, and mortality. The addition of rapid diagnostics to microscopy for COVID-19 diagnosis has proven crucial. Our review provides a thorough overview of the historical development of COVID-19 and molecular and biochemical characterization of the SARS-CoV-2. We highlight the potential contributions from insect and plant sources as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and present directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Naa Kwarley-Aba Quartey
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Belinda Obenewa Boateng
- Coconut Research Program, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Hanif Lutuf
- Crop Protection Division, Oil Palm Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kade, Ghana
| | - Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Selina Mawunyo Ayivi-Tosuh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Albert Fynn Aiduenu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Ekloh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Seyram Kofi Loh
- Department of Built Environment, School of Sustainable Development, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Jnr Opoku
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
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21
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Takamatsu Y, Omata K, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita-Iwamoto N, Terada M, Suzuki T, Morioka S, Uemura Y, Ohmagari N, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Humoral IgA Response Occurs Earlier but Is Modest and Diminishes Faster than IgG Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0271622. [PMID: 36219096 PMCID: PMC9769934 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02716-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity for preventing the invasion of exogenous antigens; however, little is understood about the neutralizing activity of serum IgA. Here, to examine the role of IgA antibodies against COVID-19 illnesses, we determined the neutralizing activity of serum/plasma IgG and IgA purified from previously SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-receiving individuals. We found that serum/plasma IgA possesses substantial but rather modest neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 compared to IgG with no significant correlation with the disease severity. Neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies achieved the greatest activity at approximately 25 and 35 days after symptom onset, respectively. However, neutralizing IgA activity quickly diminished to below the detection limit approximately 70 days after onset, while substantial IgG activity was observed until 200 days after onset. The total neutralizing activity in sera/plasmas of those with COVID-19 largely correlated with those in purified IgG and purified IgA and levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding IgA. In individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 but had no detectable neutralizing IgA activity, a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 elicited potent serum/plasma-neutralizing IgA activity, but the second dose did not further strengthen the neutralization antibody response. The present data show that the systemic immune stimulation with natural infection and COVID-19 mRNA-vaccines elicits both SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing IgG and IgA responses in serum, but the IgA response is modest and diminishes faster than the IgG response. IMPORTANCE Secretory dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays an important role in preventing the invasion of foreign objects by its neutralizing activity on mucosal surfaces, while monomeric serum IgA is thought to relate to the phagocytic immune system activation. Here, we report that individuals with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed both systemic neutralizing IgG (nIgG) and IgA (nIgA) active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the nIgA response was quick and reached the highest activity earlier than the nIgG response, nIgA activity was modest and diminished faster than nIgG activity. In individuals who recovered from COVID-19 but had no detectable nIgA activity, a single dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine elicited potent nIgA activity, but the second dose did not further strengthen the antibody response. Our study provides novel insights into the role and the kinetics of serum nIgA against the pathogen in both naturally infected and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-receiving COVID-19-convalescent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Omata
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kinoshita-Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Terada
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
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22
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Sarrigeorgiou I, Moschandreou D, Dimitriadis A, Tsinti G, Sotiropoulou E, Ntoukaki E, Eliadis P, Backovic M, Labropoulou S, Escriou N, Pouliakis A, Giannopoulou G, Gaitanarou E, Lazaridis K, Mentis A, Mamalaki A, Grouzi E, Lymberi P. Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277827. [PMID: 36409702 PMCID: PMC9678302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the humoral response to homologous BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination focus mainly on IgG antibody dynamics, while long-term IgA kinetics are understudied. Herein, kinetics of IgG and IgA levels against trimeric-Spike (S) and Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) were evaluated by in-house ELISAs in 146 two-dose vaccinated Greek healthcare workers (HCWs) in a 9-month period at six time points (up to 270 days after the first dose). The effect of a homologous booster third dose was also studied and evaluated. The peak of immune response was observed 21 days after the second dose; 100% seroconversion rate for anti-S and anti-RBD IgG, and 99.7% and 96.3% respectively for IgA. IgG antibody levels displayed higher increase compared to IgA. Declining but persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were detected 9 months after vaccination; IgG and IgA anti-S levels approached those after the first dose, while a more rapid reduction rate for anti-RBD antibodies led to significantly lower levels for both classes, supporting the need for a booster dose. Indeed, a homologous booster third dose resulted in enhanced levels of anti-S of both classes, whereas anti-RBD didn't exceed the peak levels after the second dose. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, flu vaccination, BMI<35 and the occurrence of an adverse event upon vaccination, were associated with higher IgG antibody levels over time, which however were negatively affected by age increase and the presence of chronic diseases. Overall, after concurrently using the S and RBD target-antigens in in-house ELISAs, we report in addition to IgG, long-term persistence of IgA antibodies. Regarding antibody levels, homologous mRNA vaccination gives rise to an effective anti-viral protection up to 9 months negatively correlated to age. Considering that COVID-19 is still a matter of public concern, booster vaccine doses remain critical to vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sarrigeorgiou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Moschandreou
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, "Saint Savvas" Oncology Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimina Tsinti
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Ntoukaki
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Eliadis
- Biotechnology Unit, HPI, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, HPI, Athens, Greece
| | - Marija Backovic
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | | | - Nicolas Escriou
- Innovation Lab, Vaccines, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Giannopoulou
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, "Saint Savvas" Oncology Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Gaitanarou
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, "Saint Savvas" Oncology Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lazaridis
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Avgi Mamalaki
- Biotechnology Unit, HPI, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology, HPI, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, "Saint Savvas" Oncology Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Peggy Lymberi
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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23
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The rs1883832 Polymorphism (CD40-1C>T) Affects the Intensity of IgA Responses after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214056. [PMID: 36430533 PMCID: PMC9697403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination strategies is affected by several factors, including the genetic background of the host. In our study, we evaluated the contribution of the functional polymorphism rs1883832 affecting the Kozak sequence of the TNFSF5 gene (c.-1C>T), encoding CD40, to humoral immune responses after vaccination with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The rs1883832 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 476 individuals (male/female: 216/260, median age: 55.0 years, range: 20−105) of whom 342 received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and 134 received the adenovirus-based vector vaccines (67 on ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine, 67 on Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine). The IgG and IgA responses were evaluated with chemiluminescent microparticle and ELISA assays on days 21, 42, and 90 after the first dose. The T allele of the rs1883832 polymorphism (allele frequency: 32.8%) was significantly associated with lower IgA levels and represented, as revealed by multivariable analysis, an independent risk factor for reduced anti-spike protein IgA levels on days 42 and 90 following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Similar to serum anti-spike IgA levels, a trend of lower anti-spike IgA concentrations in saliva was found in individuals with the T allele of rs1883832. Finally, the intensity of IgA and IgG responses on day 42 significantly affected the prevalence of COVID-19 after vaccination. The rs1883832 polymorphism may be used as a molecular predictor of the intensity of anti-spike IgA responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination.
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24
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Kim DI, Lee SJ, Park S, Kim P, Lee SM, Lee N, Shum D, Kim DH, Kim EH. Immunogenicity and Durability of Antibody Responses to Homologous and Heterologous Vaccinations with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 Vaccines for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1864. [PMID: 36366372 PMCID: PMC9692595 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed based on various platform technologies and were approved for emergency use. However, the comparative analysis of immunogenicity and durability of vaccine-induced antibody responses depending on vaccine platforms or vaccination regimens has not been thoroughly examined for mRNA- or viral vector-based vaccines. In this study, we assessed spike-binding IgG levels and neutralizing capacity in 66 vaccinated individuals prime-boost immunized either by homologous (BNT162b2-BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-ChAdOx1) or heterologous (ChAdOx1-BNT162b2) vaccination for six months after the first vaccination. Despite the discrepancy in intervals for the prime-boost vaccination regimen of different COVID-19 vaccines, we found stronger induction and relatively rapid waning of antibody responses by homologous vaccination of the mRNA vaccine, while weaker boost effect and stable maintenance of humoral immune responses were observed in the viral vector vaccine group over 6 months. Heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 resulted in an effective boost effect with the highest remaining antibody responses at six months post-primary vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-In Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Seo Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Soonju Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - David Shum
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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25
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Mohammadpour M, Farrokhpour H, Sadeghi R. Herpetic endotheliitis and stromal keratitis following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6397. [PMID: 36237947 PMCID: PMC9536498 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the scarcity of data regarding ocular complications following COVID‐19 vaccination, the approach toward patients with suggestive symptoms and established clinical practice is lacking. Herein, we report the first case of herpetic endotheliithis and secondary stromal keratitis following inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination who experienced a relapse due to poor adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadpour
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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26
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Omran EA, El Naggar RE, Ezz Elarab LA, Hashish MH, El-Barrawy MA, Abdelwahab IA, Fekry MM. Anti-Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies after Two Doses of COVID-19 Sinopharm/BIBP Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1340. [PMID: 36016228 PMCID: PMC9415602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Host response to COVID-19 vaccines is partially evaluated through the estimation of antibody response, specifically the binding anti-spike (anti-S) and the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-induced humoral response affects decisions on the choice of vaccine type, vaccine acceptance, and the need for boosting. Identification of risk factors for poor antibody response helps to stratify individuals who might potentially require booster doses. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the antibody response after receiving two Sinopharm vaccine doses. Factors affecting antibody response were additionally studied. Moreover, a predictive cutoff for anti-S was generated to predict positivity of nAbs. Blood samples were collected from 92 adults and relevant data were recorded. Antibody levels (anti-S and nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were tested one month following the second dose of Sinopharm vaccine using two commercial ELISA tests. Among the 92 participants, 88 tested positive for anti-S (95.7%), with a median level of 52.15 RU/mL (equivalent to 166.88 BAU/mL). Fewer participants (67.4%) were positive for nAbs, with a median percentage of inhibition (%IH) of 50.62% (24.05−84.36). A significant positive correlation existed between the titers of both antibodies (correlation coefficient = 0.875, p < 0.001). When the anti-S titer was greater than 40 RU/mL (128 BAU/mL), nAbs were also positive with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 90%. Positive nAbs results were associated with a higher anti-S titers (62.1 RU/mL) compared to negative nAbs (mean anti-S titer of 18.6 RU/mL). History of COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with higher titers of anti-S (p = 0.043) and higher IH% of nAbs (p = 0.048). Hypertensive participants were found to have significantly higher median titers of anti-S (101.18 RU/mL) compared with non-hypertensive ones (42.15 RU/mL), p = 0.034. Post-vaccination headache was significantly higher among those with higher anti-S than those with relatively lower titers (98.82 versus 43.69 RU/mL, p = 0.048). It can be concluded that the Sinopharm vaccine produced high levels of binding antibodies but with low neutralizing abilities. Also, levels of anti-S titer greater than 40 RU/mL could adequately predict positivity of nAbs without need for their testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Roaa E. El Naggar
- Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 11516, Egypt; (R.E.E.N.); (L.A.E.E.)
| | | | - Mona H. Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Mohammed A. El-Barrawy
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Abdelwahab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Fekry
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21524, Egypt; (M.H.H.); (M.A.E.-B.); (M.M.F.)
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27
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Sputnik-V reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the blood and mucosa: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13207. [PMID: 35915123 PMCID: PMC9342835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sputnik-V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is a heterologous, recombinant adenoviral (rAdv) vector-based, COVID-19 vaccine now used in > 70 countries. Yet there is a shortage of data on this vaccine's performance in diverse populations. Here, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the reactogenicity and immunologic outcomes of Sputnik-V vaccination in Kazakhstan. COVID-19-free participants (n = 82 at baseline) were followed at day 21 after Sputnik-V dose 1 (rAd5) and dose 2 (rAd26). Self-reported local and systemic adverse events were captured using questionnaires. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to perform SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and immunologic assays. We observed that most of the reported adverse events were mild-to-moderate injection site or systemic reactions, no severe or potentially life-threatening conditions were reported, and dose 1 appeared to be more reactogenic than dose 2. The seroconversion rate was 97% post-dose 1, remaining the same post-dose 2. The proportion of participants with detectable virus neutralization was 83% post-dose 1, increasing to 98% post-dose 2, with the largest relative increase observed in participants without prior COVID-19 exposure. Dose 1 boosted nasal S-IgG and S-IgA, while the boosting effect of dose 2 on mucosal S-IgG, but not S-IgA, was only observed in subjects without prior COVID-19. Systemically, vaccination reduced serum levels of growth regulated oncogene (GRO), which correlated with an elevation in blood platelet count. Overall, Sputnik-V dose 1 elicited both blood and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity, while the immune boosting effect of dose 2 was minimal. Thus, adjustments to the current vaccine dosing regimen are necessary to optimize immunization efficacy and cost-effectiveness. While Sputnik-V reactogenicity is similar to that of other COVID-19 vaccines, the induced alterations to the GRO/platelet axis warrant investigation of the vaccine’s effects on systemic immunology.
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