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Meier RT, Porcelijn L, Hofstede-van Egmond S, Henskens YMC, Coutinho JM, Kruip MJHA, Stroobants AK, Zwaginga JJ, van der Bom JG, van der Schoot CE, de Haas M, Kapur R. Laboratory approach for vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia diagnosis in the Netherlands. Vox Sang 2024; 119:728-736. [PMID: 38597072 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare adverse effect characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. VITT pathophysiology is not fully unravelled but shows similarities to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT is characterized by the presence of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin complex, which can activate platelets in an FcγRIIa-dependent manner, whereas IgG-antibodies directed against PF4 play an important role in VITT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We characterized all clinically suspected VITT cases in the Netherlands from a diagnostic perspective and hypothesized that patients who developed both thrombocytopenia and thrombosis display underlying mechanisms similar to those in HIT. We conducted an anti-PF4 ELISA and a functional PF4-induced platelet activation assay (PIPAA) with and without blocking the platelet-FcγRIIa and found positivity in both tests, suggesting VITT with mechanisms similar to those in VITT. RESULTS We identified 65 patients with both thrombocytopenia and thrombosis among 275 clinically suspected VITT cases. Of these 65 patients, 14 (22%) tested positive for anti-PF4 and PF4-dependent platelet activation. The essential role of platelet-FcγRIIa in VITT with mechanisms similar to those in HIT was evident, as platelet activation was inhibited by an FcγRIIa-blocking antibody in all 14 patients. CONCLUSION Our study shows that only a small proportion of clinically suspected VITT patients with thrombocytopenia and thrombosis have anti-PF4-inducing, FcɣRIIa-dependent platelet activation, suggesting an HIT-like pathophysiology. This leaves the possibility for the presence of another type of pathophysiology ('non-HIT like') leading to VITT. More research on pathophysiology is warranted to improve the diagnostic algorithm and to identify novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy T Meier
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Sanquin, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M C Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke J H A Kruip
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An K Stroobants
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Sanquin, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hetland G, Fagerhol MK, Mirlashari MR, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Croci S, Lonati PA, Bonacini M, Salvarani C, Marvisi C, Bodio C, Muratore F, Borghi MO, Meroni PL. Elevated NET, Calprotectin, and Neopterin Levels Discriminate between Disease Activity in COVID-19, as Evidenced by Need for Hospitalization among Patients in Northern Italy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:766. [PMID: 38672123 PMCID: PMC11048478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) displays clinical heterogeneity, but little information is available for patients with mild or very early disease. We aimed to characterize biomarkers that are useful for discriminating the hospitalization risk in a COVID-19 cohort from Northern Italy during the first pandemic wave. We enrolled and followed for four weeks 76 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and age/sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with mild disease were discharged (n.42), and the remaining patients were hospitalized (n.34). Blood was collected before any anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy and assessed for soluble C5b-9/C5a, H3-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), calprotectin, and DNase plasma levels via ELISA and a panel of proinflammatory cytokines via ELLA. Calprotectin and NET levels discriminate between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients, while DNase negatively correlates with NET levels; there are positive correlations between calprotectin and both NET and neopterin levels. Neopterin levels increase in patients at the beginning of the disease and do so more in hospitalized than non-hospitalized patients. C5a and sC5b-9, and other acute phase proteins, correlate with neopterin, calprotectin, and DNase. Both NET and neopterin levels negatively correlate with platelet count. We show that calprotectin, NETs, and neopterin are important proinflammatory parameters potentially useful for discriminating between COVID-19 patients at risk of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Hetland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0451 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Kristoffer Fagerhol
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0451 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirlashari
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
| | - Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Paola Adele Lonati
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Marvisi
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Caterina Bodio
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
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Tsukalov I, Sánchez-Cerrillo I, Rajas O, Avalos E, Iturricastillo G, Esparcia L, Buzón MJ, Genescà M, Scagnetti C, Popova O, Martin-Cófreces N, Calvet-Mirabent M, Marcos-Jimenez A, Martínez-Fleta P, Delgado-Arévalo C, de Los Santos I, Muñoz-Calleja C, Calzada MJ, González Álvaro I, Palacios-Calvo J, Alfranca A, Ancochea J, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martin-Gayo E. NFκB and NLRP3/NLRC4 inflammasomes regulate differentiation, activation and functional properties of monocytes in response to distinct SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2100. [PMID: 38453949 PMCID: PMC10920883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased recruitment of transitional and non-classical monocytes in the lung during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with COVID-19 severity. However, whether specific innate sensors mediate the activation or differentiation of monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 but not nucleoprotein induce differentiation of monocytes into transitional or non-classical subsets from both peripheral blood and COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a NFκB-dependent manner, but this process does not require inflammasome activation. However, NLRP3 and NLRC4 differentially regulated CD86 expression in monocytes in response to Spike 1 and Nucleoprotein, respectively. Moreover, monocytes exposed to Spike 1 induce significantly higher proportions of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + T cells. In contrast, monocytes exposed to Nucleoprotein reduce the degranulation of CD8 + T cells from severe COVID-19 patients. Our study provides insights in the differential impact of innate sensors in regulating monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which might be useful to better understand COVID-19 immunopathology and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Tsukalov
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Rajas
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Avalos
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Esparcia
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Univesritari Vall d'Hebrón (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Univesritari Vall d'Hebrón (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Scagnetti
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Popova
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Martin-Cófreces
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Calvet-Mirabent
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jimenez
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Arévalo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Los Santos
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Calzada
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios-Calvo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Gayo
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Thind MK, Uhlig HH, Glogauer M, Palaniyar N, Bourdon C, Gwela A, Lancioni CL, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ, Farooqui A. A metabolic perspective of the neutrophil life cycle: new avenues in immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1334205. [PMID: 38259490 PMCID: PMC10800387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1334205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells. Multiple mechanisms allow them to engage a wide range of metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and bioenergetics for mediating biological processes such as development in the bone marrow and antimicrobial activity such as ROS production and NET formation, inflammation and tissue repair. We first discuss recent work on neutrophil development and functions and the metabolic processes to regulate granulopoiesis, neutrophil migration and trafficking as well as effector functions. We then discuss metabolic syndromes with impaired neutrophil functions that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors of nutrient availability and usage. Here, we particularly focus on the role of specific macronutrients, such as glucose, fatty acids, and protein, as well as micronutrients such as vitamin B3, in regulating neutrophil biology and how this regulation impacts host health. A special section of this review primarily discusses that the ways nutrient deficiencies could impact neutrophil biology and increase infection susceptibility. We emphasize biochemical approaches to explore neutrophil metabolism in relation to development and functions. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and challenges to neutrophil-centered therapeutic approaches in immune-driven diseases and highlight unanswered questions to guide future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehakpreet K Thind
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Agnes Gwela
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Omega Laboratories Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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5
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Constantinescu-Bercu A, Lobiuc A, Căliman-Sturdza OA, Oiţă RC, Iavorschi M, Pavăl NE, Șoldănescu I, Dimian M, Covasa M. Long COVID: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:408. [PMID: 38203577 PMCID: PMC10778767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant health concern following the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of long COVID include viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurological involvement, and highlight the need for further research to develop targeted therapies for this condition. While a clearer picture of the clinical symptomatology is shaping, many molecular mechanisms are yet to be unraveled, given their complexity and high level of interaction with other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes some of the most important symptoms and associated molecular mechanisms that occur in long COVID, as well as the most relevant molecular techniques that can be used in understanding the viral pathogen, its affinity towards the host, and the possible outcomes of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Constantinescu-Bercu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania
| | - Radu Cristian Oiţă
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
| | - Monica Iavorschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Naomi-Eunicia Pavăl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Iuliana Șoldănescu
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91711, USA
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Perdomo J, Leung HHL. Immune Thrombosis: Exploring the Significance of Immune Complexes and NETosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1332. [PMID: 37887042 PMCID: PMC10604267 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are major contributors to inflammation and autoimmunity, playing a key role in the development of thrombotic disorders. NETs, composed of DNA, histones, and numerous other proteins serve as scaffolds for thrombus formation and promote platelet activation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that NETs mediate thrombosis in autoimmune diseases, viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the role and mechanisms of immune complexes in NETs formation and their contribution to the generation of a prothrombotic state. Immune complexes are formed by interactions between antigens and antibodies and can induce NETosis by the direct activation of neutrophils via Fc receptors, via platelet activation, and through endothelial inflammation. We discuss the mechanisms by which NETs induced by immune complexes contribute to immune thrombotic processes and consider the potential development of therapeutic strategies. Targeting immune complexes and NETosis hold promise for mitigating thrombotic events and reducing the burden of immune thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Perdomo
- Haematology Research Group, Faculty Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Halina H. L. Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia;
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Bakchoul T, Wolska N. Cooling Platelets Down in Antibody-Mediated Immunothrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1833-1835. [PMID: 37650328 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen (T.B., N.W.), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.B.), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nina Wolska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen (T.B., N.W.), University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany
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