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Hernández CA, Peikert K, Qiao M, Darras A, de Wilde JRA, Bos J, Leibowitz M, Galea I, Wagner C, Rab MAE, Walker RH, Hermann A, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R, Kaestner L. Osmotic gradient ektacytometry - a novel diagnostic approach for neuroacanthocytosis syndromes. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1406969. [PMID: 39091345 PMCID: PMC11292800 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1406969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unique red blood cell (RBC) properties that characterize the rare neuroacanthocytosis syndromes (NAS) have prompted the exploration of osmotic gradient ektacytometry (Osmoscan) as a diagnostic tool for these disorders. In this exploratory study, we assessed if Osmoscans can discriminate NAS from other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods A comprehensive assessment was conducted using Osmoscan on a diverse group of patients, including healthy controls (n = 9), neuroacanthocytosis syndrome patients (n = 6, 2 VPS13A and 4 XK disease), Parkinson's disease patients (n = 6), Huntington's disease patients (n = 5), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (n = 4). Concurrently, we collected and analyzed RBC indices and patients' characteristics. Results Statistically significant changes were observed in NAS patients compared to healthy controls and other conditions, specifically in osmolality at minimal elongation index (Omin), maximal elongation index (EImax), the osmolality at half maximal elongation index in the hyperosmotic part of the curve (Ohyper), and the width of the curve close to the osmolality at maximal elongation index (Omax-width). Discussion This study represents an initial exploration of RBC properties from NAS patients using osmotic gradient ektacytometry. While specific parameters exhibited differences, only Ohyper and Omax-width yielded 100% specificity for other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, unique correlations between Osmoscan parameters and RBC indices in NAS versus controls were identified, such as osmolality at maximal elongation index (Omax) vs. mean cellular hemoglobin content (MCH) and minimal elongation index (EImin) vs. red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Given the limited sample size, further studies are essential to establish diagnostic guidelines based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A. Hernández
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, trecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Peikert
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- United Neuroscience Campus Lund-Rostock (UNC), Rostock, Germany
| | - Min Qiao
- Dynamics of Fluids, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Heoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Darras
- Dynamics of Fluids, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jonathan R. A. de Wilde
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, trecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Bos
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, trecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maya Leibowitz
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Wagner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Minke A. E. Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, trecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruth H. Walker
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard J. van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, trecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Heoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Yadav S, Deepika, Moar K, Kumar A, Khola N, Pant A, Kakde GS, Maurya PK. Reconsidering red blood cells as the diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2400019. [PMID: 38822416 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) are usually considered simple cells and transporters of gases to tissues. HYPOTHESIS However, recent research has suggested that RBCs may have diagnostic potential in major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge on changes in RBC in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other NDDs. It discusses the deposition of neuronal proteins like amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein, polyamines, changes in the proteins of RBCs like band-3, membrane transporter proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and altered metabolic pathways in RBCs during neurodegeneration. It also highlights the comparison of RBC diagnostic markers to other in-market diagnoses and discusses the challenges in utilizing RBCs as diagnostic tools, such as the need for standardized protocols and further validation studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The evidence suggests that RBCs have diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders, and this study can pave the foundation for further research which may lead to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Nikhila Khola
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ganseh S Kakde
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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Kosenko EA, Alilova GA, Tikhonova LA. Impaired Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense in Erythrocytes of Rats with Ammonia-Induced Encephalopathy: Role of NMDA Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1404-1415. [PMID: 37770406 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric disorder developing in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction, has been known for more than a century. However, pathogenetic mechanisms of cerebral dysfunction associated with liver disease are still poorly understood. There is a consensus that the primary cause of HE is accumulation of ammonia in the brain as a result of impaired liver detoxification capacity or the portosystemic shunt. Current evidence suggests that ammonia toxicity is mediated by hyperactivation of glutamate receptors, mainly N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and affects brain aerobic metabolism, which provides energy for multiple specific functions and neuronal viability. Recent reports on the presence of functional NMDARs in erythrocytes and the data on the deviations of blood parameters from their normal ranges indicate impaired hemodynamics and reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes in most patients with HE, thus suggesting a relationship between erythrocyte damage and cerebral dysfunction. In order to understand how hyperammonemia (HA)-induced disturbances in the energy metabolism in the brain (which needs a constant supply of large amounts of oxygen in the blood) lead to encephalopathy, it is necessary to reveal ammonia-induced impairments in the energy metabolism and antioxidant defense system of erythrocytes and to explore a potential role of ammonia in reduced brain oxygenation. To identify the said missing link, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and H2O2 were measured in the erythrocytes of rats with HA that were injected with the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist MK-801. We found that in rats with HA, ammonia was accumulated in erythrocytes (cells lacking ammonia removal enzymes), which made them more susceptible to the prooxidant environment created during oxidative stress. This effect was completely or partially inhibited by MK-801. The data obtained might help to identify the risk factors in cognitive disorders and facilitate prediction of unfavorable outcomes of hypoperfusion in patients with a blood elevated ammonia concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Gubidat A Alilova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Kosenko E, Tikhonova L, Alilova G, Montoliu C. Erythrocytes Functionality in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Link with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5739. [PMID: 36982809 PMCID: PMC10051442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Recently, several hypotheses have emerged to explain the mechanism of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and erythrocytes, and its negative effect on the oxygen-transport function that depends on erythrocyte metabolism, which is responsible for hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (Hb-O2 affinity). In clinical settings, the modulators of the Hb-O2 affinity are not currently measured to assess tissue oxygenation, thereby providing inadequate evaluation of erythrocyte dysfunction in the integrated oxygen-transport system. To discover more about hypoxemia/hypoxia in COVID-19 patients, this review highlights the need for further investigation of the relationship between biochemical aberrations in erythrocytes and oxygen-transport efficiency. Furthermore, patients with severe COVID-19 experience symptoms similar to Alzheimer's, suggesting that their brains have been altered in ways that increase the likelihood of Alzheimer's. Mindful of the partly assessed role of structural, metabolic abnormalities that underlie erythrocyte dysfunction in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we further summarize the available data showing that COVID-19 neurocognitive impairments most probably share similar patterns with known mechanisms of brain dysfunctions in AD. Identification of parameters responsible for erythrocyte function that vary under SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to the search for additional components of progressive and irreversible failure in the integrated oxygen-transport system leading to tissue hypoperfusion. This is particularly relevant for the older generation who experience age-related disorders of erythrocyte metabolism and are prone to AD, and provide an opportunity for new personalized therapies to control this deadly infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kosenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Tikhonova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Gubidat Alilova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Hospital Clinico Research Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137273. [PMID: 35806275 PMCID: PMC9266760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies demonstrate the shared characteristics of high bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, chronic/persistent inflammation, glycation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Excessive ROS production results in nucleic acid and protein destruction, thereby altering the cellular structure and functional outcome. To stabilise increased ROS production and modulate oxidative stress, the human body produces antioxidants, “free radical scavengers”, that inhibit or delay cell damage. Reinforcing the antioxidant defence system and/or counteracting the deleterious repercussions of immoderate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is critical and may curb the progression of ageing and chronic degenerative syndromes. Various therapeutic methods for ROS and oxidative stress reduction have been developed. However, scientific investigations are required to assess their efficacy. In this review, we summarise the interconnected mechanism of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation that contributes to ageing and chronic degenerative pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), cardiovascular diseases CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also highlight potential counteractive measures to combat ageing and chronic degenerative diseases.
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Remigante A, Spinelli S, Trichilo V, Loddo S, Sarikas A, Pusch M, Dossena S, Marino A, Morabito R. d-Galactose induced early aging in human erythrocytes: Role of band 3 protein. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1586-1596. [PMID: 34783011 PMCID: PMC9299479 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging, a time‐dependent multifaceted process, affects both cell structure and function and involves oxidative stress as well as glycation. The present investigation focuses on the role of the band 3 protein (B3p), an anion exchanger essential to red cells homeostasis, in a d‐galactose (
d‐Gal)‐induced aging model. Anion exchange capability, measured by the rate constant of SO₄²− uptake through B3p, levels of lipid peroxidation, oxidation of membrane sulfhydryl groups, B3p expression, methemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin (Hb), and the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio were determined after exposure of human erythrocytes to 25, 35, 50, and 100 mmol/L d‐Gal for 24 h. Our results show that: (i) in vitro application of d‐Gal is useful to model early aging in human erythrocytes; (ii) assessment of B3p ion transport function is a sensitive tool to monitor aging development; (iii) d‐Gal leads to Hb glycation and produces substantial changes on the endogenous antioxidant system; (iv) the impact of aging on B3p function proceeds through steps, first involving Hb glycation and then oxidative events at the membrane level. These findings offer a useful tool to understand the mechanisms of aging in human erythrocytes and propose B3p as a possible target for new therapeutic strategies to counteract age‐related disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, Genova, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trichilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Pusch
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fetal oxygen supply can be improved by an effective cross-talk between fetal erythrocytes and vascular endothelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166243. [PMID: 34371111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In twin/multiple pregnancy, siblings experience an adverse intrauterine environment which forms the major etiological factor leading to pathological conditions. The status of the developing fetus is highly determined by the nitric oxide (NO) level, that facilitates vasodilation which in turn modulates the oxygen and nutrition supply. As the umbilical cord (UC) lacks innervation, activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is fundamental to maintain adequate NO production. Recent ground breaking fact showed that under stress conditions, circulating red blood cells (RBCs) can actively produces NO as a "rescue mechanism". Therefore, this study majorly focused on the molecular mechanisms that affected the redox environment by altering NOS3 activation - both in the UC arteries and vein endothelium and RBCs - that have impacts on developmental parameters, like birth weight. In connection to that, we pursued the communication efficiency between the vessels' endothelium and the circulating RBCs in demand of bioavailable NO. Our results indicated that twinning itself at stage 33-35 weeks, does not reduce the NOS3 level and its phosphorylation status in the cord vessels. However, RBC-NOS3 activation is highly upregulated during this period - providing additional evidence for the active regulatory role of fetal RBCs in the rate of blood flow - and this functional activity highly correlates with the birth weight of the fetuses. Detailed analysis on NOS3 signalling at different time points of gestation could establish a benchmark in understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the process of developing neonatal vascular diseases.
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The Mystery of Red Blood Cells Extracellular Vesicles in Sleep Apnea with Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094301. [PMID: 33919065 PMCID: PMC8122484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is very important for overall health and quality of life, while sleep disorder has been associated with several human diseases, namely cardiovascular, metabolic, cognitive, and cancer-related alterations. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory sleep-disordered breathing, which is caused by the recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSA has emerged as a major public health problem and increasing evidence suggests that untreated OSA can lead to the development of various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, OSA may lead to decreased blood oxygenation and fragmentation of the sleep cycle. The formation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) can emerge and react with nitric oxide (NO) to produce peroxynitrite, thereby diminishing the bioavailability of NO. Hypoxia, the hallmark of OSA, refers to a decline of tissue oxygen saturation and affects several types of cells, playing cell-to-cell communication a vital role in the outcome of this interplay. Red blood cells (RBCs) are considered transporters of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, and these RBCs are important interorgan communication systems with additional functions, including participation in the control of systemic NO metabolism, redox regulation, blood rheology, and viscosity. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and increase cardiac injury. The mechanistic links between changes of RBC functional properties and cardiovascular are largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by most cell types and released in biological fluids both under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are involved in intercellular communication by transferring complex cargoes including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells. Advancing our knowledge about mechanisms of RBC-EVs formation and their pathophysiological relevance may help to shed light on circulating EVs and to translate their application to clinical practice. We will focus on the potential use of RBC-EVs as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and state-specific cargoes, and possibilities as therapeutic vehicles for drug and gene delivery. The use of RBC-EVs as a precision medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of the patient with sleep disorder will improve the prognosis and the quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Chng KZ, Ng YC, Namgung B, Tan JKS, Park S, Tien SL, Leo HL, Kim S. Assessment of transient changes in oxygen diffusion of single red blood cells using a microfluidic analytical platform. Commun Biol 2021; 4:271. [PMID: 33654170 PMCID: PMC7925684 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) capability to deliver oxygen (O2) has been routinely measured by P50. Although this defines the ability of RBCs to carry O2 under equilibrium states, it cannot determine the efficacy of O2 delivery in dynamic blood flow. Here, we developed a microfluidic analytical platform (MAP) that isolates single RBCs for assessing transient changes in their O2 release rate. We found that in vivo (biological) and in vitro (blood storage) aging of RBC could lead to an increase in the O2 release rate, despite a decrease in P50. Rejuvenation of stored RBCs (Day 42), though increased the P50, failed to restore the O2 release rate to basal level (Day 0). The temporal dimension provided at the single-cell level by MAP could shed new insights into the dynamics of O2 delivery in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ziyang Chng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Cheng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Efngineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bumseok Namgung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Kok Soon Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soyeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sim Leng Tien
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Efngineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Efngineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Red cell distribution width levels in Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120:1147-1150. [PMID: 31367945 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motor impairment. It has been known for a while that oxidative stress, protein changes and mitochondrial dysfunction have the role of contribution to the pathogenesis. Disturbance of red blood cell function may play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. RDW was found to be strongly associated with inflammatory markers in diseases such as acute pancreatitis, myocardial injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. The data about RDW levels and PD are scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate the RDW values and their relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with Parkinson's disease. 94 patients with Parkinson's disease were included into the study, 97 healthy individuals without history of PD were considered as control group. The United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale were used to assess the severity of PD. Although RDW levels were significantly higher than the healthy subjects, there was not any relation between the severity of PD, duration of the disease, RDW levels, other blood parameters, mean UPDRS score or mean mH&Y score. In conclusion, RDW levels are higher than the healthy subjects in PD patients but there is no relation between RDW levels and disease duration. Larger studies are needed to explain the role of RDW as an inflammatory marker.
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11
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Freitas Leal J, Vermeer H, Lazari D, van Garsse L, Brock R, Adjobo-Hermans M, Bosman G. The impact of circulation in a heart-lung machine on function and survival characteristics of red blood cells. Artif Organs 2020; 44:892-899. [PMID: 32187389 PMCID: PMC7496153 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal circulation is accompanied by changes in red blood cell morphology and structural integrity that affect cell function and survival, and thereby may contribute to the various side effects of heart–lung machine‐assisted surgery. Our main objectives were to determine the effect of circulation of red blood cells in a stand‐alone extracorporeal circuit on several parameters that are known to be affected by, as well as contribute to red blood cell aging. As a source of RBCs, we employed blood bank storage units of different ages. In order to assess the relevance of our in vitro observations for the characterization of extracorporal circulation technology, we compared these changes in those of patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation‐assisted cardiac surgery. Our results show that circulation in a heart–lung machine is accompanied by changes in red blood cell volume, an increase in osmotic fragility, changes in deformability and aggregation behavior, and alterations in the exposure of phosphatidylserine and in microvesicle generation. RBCs from 1‐week‐old concentrates showed the highest similarities with the in vivo situation. These changes in key characteristics of the red blood cell aging process likely increase the susceptibility of red blood cells to the various mechanical, osmotic, and immunological stress conditions encountered during and after surgery in the patient’s circulation, and thereby contribute to the side effects of surgery. Thus, aging‐related parameters in red blood cell structure and function provide a foundation for the validation and improvement of extracorporeal circulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Vermeer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Lazari
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen van Garsse
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Giel Bosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Activation of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signaling in Erythrocytes of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 433:36-41. [PMID: 32156551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia affecting older people. The identification of biomarkers is increasingly important and would be crucial for future therapy. Here, we demonstrated that in AD erythrocytes: (i) the anion transporter band3 is highly phosphorylated; (ii) the lyn kinase is phosphorylated and activated; (iii) the tyrosine phosphatase activity is downregulated, with a significant inverse correlation between band3 phosphorylation and disease progression, as revealed by Mini Mental State Examination score. Finally, we showed that in normal erythrocytes, treated in vitro with Aβ1-42 peptide, both band3 phosphorylation and lyn activation occurs. These results suggest that modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation signaling may be evaluated as a potential peripheral marker in AD.
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