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Cao W, Zhao B, Gui L, Sun X, Zhang Z, Huang L. The role and mechanism of action of miR‑92a in endothelial cell autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:172. [PMID: 39054957 PMCID: PMC11304162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve a significant role in the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), the effect of miR‑92a on the autophagy of ECs is currently unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of miR‑92a on autophagy in ECs and the underlying molecular processes that control this biological activity. Firstly, an autophagy model of EA.hy926 cells was generated via treatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin (rapa‑EA.hy926 cells). The expression levels of miR‑92a were then detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, and the effect of miR‑92a expression on the autophagic activity of rapa‑EA.hy926 cells was studied by overexpressing or inhibiting miR‑92a. The level of autophagy was evaluated by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Dual‑luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between miR‑92a and FOXO3. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of miR‑92a were decreased in the rapa‑EA.hy926 cell autophagy model. Furthermore, overexpression and inhibition of miR‑92a revealed that upregulation of miR‑92a in these cells inhibited autophagy, whereas miR‑92a knockdown promoted it. It was also confirmed that miR‑92a directly bound to the 3'‑untranslated region of the autophagy‑related gene FOXO3 and reduced its expression. In conclusion, the present study suggested that miR‑92a inhibits autophagy activity in EA.hy926 cells by targeting FOXO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gui
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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2
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Chen WH, Chen CH, Hsu MC, Chang RW, Wang CH, Lee TS. Advances in the molecular mechanisms of statins in regulating endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability: Interlocking biology between eNOS activity and L-arginine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116192. [PMID: 38262153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In addition, statins have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events owing to their pleiotropic effects on the vascular system, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The major beneficial effect of statins in maintaining vascular homeostasis is the induction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The mechanisms underlying the increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins have been well-established in various fields, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, kinase-dependent phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. However, the mechanism by which statins affect the metabolism of L-arginine, a precursor of NO biosynthesis, has rarely been discussed. Autophagy, which is crucial for energy homeostasis, regulates endothelial functions, including NO production and angiogenesis, and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, in addition to summarizing the molecular mechanisms underlying increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins, we also discuss the effects of statins on the metabolism of L-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Li Q, Zhang Q. MiR-34a and endothelial biology. Life Sci 2023; 330:121976. [PMID: 37495076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼22 nt long RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in cells by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression. Many miRNAs have been identified in endothelial cells and play important roles in endothelial biology. miR-34a is relatively early identified in endothelial cells and has been involved in regulating endothelial functions, angiogenesis, differentiation, senescence, inflammatory response, responses to shear stress, and mitochondrial function. This review outlines the current understanding of miR-34a in endothelial biology and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target to treat vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Quanjiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Nemecz M, Stefan DS, Comarița IK, Constantin A, Tanko G, Guja C, Georgescu A. Microvesicle-associated and circulating microRNAs in diabetic dyslipidemia: miR-218, miR-132, miR-143, and miR-21, miR-122, miR-155 have biomarker potential. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:260. [PMID: 37749569 PMCID: PMC10521428 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) carried by microvesicles (MVs) have various physiological and pathological functions by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression being considered markers for many diseases including diabetes and dyslipidemia. We aimed to identify new common miRNAs both in MVs and plasma that could be predictive biomarkers for diabetic dyslipidemia evolution. METHODS For this purpose, plasma from 63 participants in the study (17 type 2 diabetic patients, 17 patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, 14 patients with dyslipidemia alone and 15 clinically healthy persons without diabetes or dyslipidemia) was used for the analysis of circulating cytokines, MVs, miRNAs and MV-associated miRNAs. RESULTS The results uncovered three miRNAs, miR-218, miR-132 and miR-143, whose expression was found to be significantly up-regulated in both circulating MVs and plasma from diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. These miRNAs showed significant correlations with important plasma markers, representative of this pathology. Thus, MV/plasma miR-218 was negatively correlated with the levels of erythrocyte MVs, plasma miR-132 was positively connected with MV miR-132 and negatively with uric acid and erythrocyte plasma levels, and plasma miR-143 was negatively related with creatinine levels and diastolic blood pressure. Also, three miRNAs common to MV and plasma, namely miR-21, miR-122, and miR-155, were identified to be down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in diabetic dyslipidemia. In addition, MV miR-21 was positively linked with cholesterol plasma levels and plasma miR-21 with TNFα plasma levels, MV miR-122 was negatively correlated with LDL-c levels and plasma miR-122 with creatinine and diastolic blood pressure and positively with MV miR-126 levels, MV miR-155 was positively associated with cholesterol and total MV levels and negatively with HDL-c levels, whereas plasma miR-155 was positively correlated with Il-1β plasma levels and total MV levels and negatively with MV miR-223 levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, miR-218, miR-132, miR-143, and miR-21, miR-122, miR-155 show potential as biomarkers for diabetic dyslipidemia, but there is a need for more in-depth studies. These findings bring new information regarding the molecular biomarkers specific to diabetic dyslipidemia and could have important implications for the treatment of patients affected by this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Nemecz
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana Simona Stefan
- National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease 'Prof. Dr. Nicolae Constantin Paulescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comarița
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Tanko
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Guja
- National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease 'Prof. Dr. Nicolae Constantin Paulescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Goncalves BDS, Meadows A, Pereira DG, Puri R, Pillai SS. Insight into the Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Prognostic Role of Liver-Derived MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disease Progression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1597. [PMID: 37371692 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a wide array of metabolites, biomolecules, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and many of these secreted factors exert significant effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the involvement of liver-derived miRNAs in biological processes with an emphasis on delineating the communication between the liver and other tissues associated with metabolic disease progression. Furthermore, the review identifies the primary molecular targets by which miRNAs act. These consolidated findings from numerous studies provide insight into the underlying mechanism of various metabolic disease progression and suggest the possibility of using circulatory miRNAs as prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for improving clinical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Souza Goncalves
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Avery Meadows
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Duane G Pereira
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Raghav Puri
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Sneha S Pillai
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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Constantin A, Comarița IK, Alexandru N, Filippi A, Bojin F, Gherghiceanu M, Vîlcu A, Nemecz M, Niculescu LS, Păunescu V, Georgescu A. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles reduce the expression of molecules involved in cardiac hypertrophy—In a model of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003684. [PMID: 36299891 PMCID: PMC9589060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathological hypertrophy is the major risk factor that usually progresses to heart failure. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs), known to act as important mediators in regulating physiological and pathological functions, could have the potential to reduce the cardiac hypertrophy and the ensuing cardiovascular diseases. Herein, the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV-MSCs) on cardiac hypertrophy were investigated. EVs were isolated from the secretome of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (EV-ADSCs) or bone marrow-derived stem cells (EV-BMMSCs). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were stimulated with AngII and TGF-β1, in absence or presence of EVs. The results showed that exposure of hiPSC-CMs to AngII and TGF-β1 generated in vitro model of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes characterized by increases in surface area, reactive oxygen species production, protein expression of cardiac-specific biomarkers atrial natriuretic factor, migration inhibitory factor, cTnI, COL1A1, Cx43, α-SMA and signalling molecules SMAD2 and NF-kBp50. The presence of EV-ADSCs or EV-BMMSCs in the hiPSC-CM culture along with hypertrophic stimuli reduced the protein expressions of hypertrophic specific markers (ANF, MIF, cTnI, COL1A1) and the gene expressions of IL-6 molecule involved in inflammatory process associated with cardiac hypertrophy and transcription factors SMAD2, SMAD3, cJUN, cFOS with role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response induced by AngII and TGF-β1. The EV-ADSCs were more effective in reducing the protein expressions of hypertrophic and inflammatory markers, while EV-BMMSCs in reducing the gene expressions of transcription factors. Notably, neither EV-ADSCs nor EV-BMMSCs induced significant changes in cardiac biomarkers Cx43, α-SMA and fibronectin. These different effects of stem cell-derived EVs could be attributed to their miRNA content: some miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-30e-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p hsa-miR-221-3p) were expressed in both types of EVs and others only in EV-ADSCs (miR-181a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-21-5p) or in EV-BMMSCs (miR-143-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p), some of these attenuating the cardiac hypertrophy while others enhance it. In conclusion, in hiPSC-CMs the stem cell-derived EVs through their cargo reduced the expression of hypertrophic specific markers and molecules involved in inflammatory process associated with cardiac hypertrophy. The data suggest the EV potential to act as therapeutic mediators to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and possibly the subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Constantin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comarița
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Bojin
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnology Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Nemecz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredan Stefan Niculescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnology Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Adriana Georgescu,
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Al-Koussa H, AlZaim I, El-Sabban ME. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation Cascades and Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164932. [PMID: 36013171 PMCID: PMC9410115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways culminate in the homeostatic cessation of blood loss, through the sequential activation of the coagulation factors. Recently, the cell-based theory, which combines these two pathways, along with newly discovered mechanisms, emerged to holistically describe intricate in vivo coagulation mechanisms. The complexity of these mechanisms becomes evident in coagulation diseases such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, and vitamin K deficiency, in which excessive bleeding, thrombosis, or unnecessary clotting, drive the development and progression of diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates cell-derived and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which comprise microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, in the modulation of the coagulation cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis. As these EVs are associated with intercellular communication, molecular recycling, and metastatic niche creation, emerging evidence explores EVs as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in thrombotic and prothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-01-350-000 (ext. 4765)
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Ren CZ, Wu ZT, Wang W, Tan X, Yang YH, Wang YK, Li ML, Wang WZ. SIRT1 exerts anti-hypertensive effect via FOXO1 activation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:1-13. [PMID: 35688305 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a pivotal region in the central regulation of blood pressure (BP). It has been documented that silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent multifunctional transcription regulatory factor, has many cardiovascular protective effects. However, the role and significance of SIRT1 in the central regulation of cardiovascular activity, especially in RVLM, remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role and underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in the central regulation of cardiovascular activity in hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were given resveratrol (RSV) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion or injected with SIRT1-overexpressing lentiviral vectors into the RVLM. In vitro experiments, angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) were transfected with forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) before treatment with RSV. Our results showed that SIRT1 activation with RSV or overexpression in the RVLM significantly decreased BP and sympathetic outflow of SHRs. Furthermore, SIRT1 overexpression in the RVLM significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and facilitated the forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) activation, accompanied by upregulation of the ROS-detoxifying enzyme superoxide dismutases 1 (SOD1) in the RVLM of SHRs. In PC12 cells, it was found that Ang II could induce oxidative stress and downregulate the SIRT1-FOXO1-SOD1 signaling pathway, which indicated that the suppressed expression of SIRT1 in the RVLM of SHRs might relate to the elevated central Ang II level. Furthermore, the enhanced oxidative stress and decreased SIRT1-FOXO1-SOD1 axis induced by Ang II were restored by treatment with RSV. However, these favorable effects mediated by SIRT1 activation were blocked by FOXO1 knockdown. Based on these findings, we concluded that SIRT1 activation or overexpression in the RVLM exerts anti-hypertensive effect through reducing oxidative stress via SIRT1-FOXO1-SOD1 signaling pathway, which providing a new target for the prevention and intervention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Zhen Ren
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of General Practice, 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ya-Hong Yang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miao-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Leng Q, Ding J, Dai M, Liu L, Fang Q, Wang DW, Wu L, Wang Y. Insights Into Platelet-Derived MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular and Oncologic Diseases: Potential Predictor and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879351. [PMID: 35757325 PMCID: PMC9218259 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), represented by cardiovascular diseases and cancer, have been the leading cause of death globally. Improvements in mortality from cardiovascular (CV) diseases (decrease of 14%/100,000, United States) or cancers (increase 7.5%/100,000, United States) seem unsatisfactory during the past two decades, and so the search for innovative and accurate biomarkers of early diagnosis and prevention, and novel treatment strategies is a valuable clinical and economic endeavor. Both tumors and cardiovascular system are rich in angiological systems that maintain material exchange, signal transduction and distant regulation. This pattern determines that they are strongly influenced by circulating substances, such as glycolipid metabolism, inflammatory homeostasis and cyclic non-coding RNA and so forth. Platelets, a group of small anucleated cells, inherit many mature proteins, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs from their parent megakaryocytes during gradual formation and manifest important roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, cancer, and many other diseases apart from its classical function in hemostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs containing ∼22 nucleotides that participate in many key cellular processes by pairing with mRNAs at partially complementary binding sites for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Platelets contain fully functional miRNA processors in their microvesicles and are able to transport their miRNAs to neighboring cells and regulate their gene expression. Therefore, the importance of platelet-derived miRNAs for the human health is of increasing interest. Here, we will elaborate systematically the roles of platelet-derived miRNAs in cardiovascular disease and cancer in the hope of providing clinicians with new ideas for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Comariţa IK, Vîlcu A, Constantin A, Procopciuc A, Safciuc F, Alexandru N, Dragan E, Nemecz M, Filippi A, Chiţoiu L, Gherghiceanu M, Georgescu A. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Atherosclerosis-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Its Key Molecular Players. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:817180. [PMID: 35478972 PMCID: PMC9037629 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.817180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive, chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries caused by the constant accumulation of cholesterol, followed by endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that delivery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized for their potential as therapeutic targets and tools, could restore vascular function in atherosclerosis. We explored by comparison the potential beneficial effects of EVs from subcutaneous adipose tissue stem cells (EVs (ADSCs)) or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (EVs (MSCs)) on the consequences of atherogenic diet on vascular health. Also, the influences of siRNA-targeting Smad2/3 (Smad2/3siRNA) on endothelial dysfunction and its key molecular players were analyzed. For this study, an animal model of atherosclerosis (HH) was transplanted with EVs (ADSCs) or EVs (MSCs) transfected or not with Smad2/3siRNA. For controls, healthy or HH animals were used. The results indicated that by comparison with the HH group, the treatment with EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) alone or in combination with Smad2/3siRNA of HH animals induced a significant decrease in the main plasma parameters and a noticeable improvement in the structure and function of the thoracic aorta and carotid artery along with a decrease in the selected molecular and cellular targets mediating their changes in atherosclerosis: 1) a decrease in expression of structural and inflammatory markers COL1A1, α-SMA, Cx43, VCAM-1, and MMP-2; 2) a slight infiltration of total/M1 macrophages and T-cells; 3) a reduced level of cytosolic ROS production; 4) a significant diminution in plasma concentrations of TGF-β1 and Ang II proteins; 5) significant structural and functional improvements (thinning of the arterial wall, increase of the inner diameter, enhanced distensibility, diminished VTI and Vel, and augmented contractile and relaxation responses); 6) a reduced protein expression profile of Smad2/3, ATF-2, and NF-kBp50/p65 and a significant decrease in the expression levels of miR-21, miR-29a, miR-192, miR-200b, miR-210, and miR-146a. We can conclude that 1) stem cell-derived EV therapies, especially the EVs (ADSCs) led to regression of structural and functional changes in the vascular wall and of key orchestrator expression in the atherosclerosis-induced endothelial dysfunction; 2) transfection of EVs with Smad2/3siRNA amplified the ability of EVs(ADSCs) or EVs(MSCs) to regress the inflammation-mediated atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Karla Comariţa
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anastasia Procopciuc
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Safciuc
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Dragan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Nemecz
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leona Chiţoiu
- ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Adriana Georgescu,
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11
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Banik SK, Baishya S, Das Talukdar A, Choudhury MD. Network analysis of atherosclerotic genes elucidates druggable targets. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35241081 PMCID: PMC8893053 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. It is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in arteries under the influence of inflammatory responses, proliferation of smooth muscle cell, accumulation of modified low density lipoprotein. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves the interplay of a number of genes and metabolic pathways. In traditional translation method, only a limited number of genes and pathways can be studied at once. However, the new paradigm of network medicine can be explored to study the interaction of a large array of genes and their functional partners and their connections with the concerned disease pathogenesis. Thus, in our study we employed a branch of network medicine, gene network analysis as a tool to identify the most crucial genes and the miRNAs that regulate these genes at the post transcriptional level responsible for pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Result From NCBI database 988 atherosclerotic genes were retrieved. The protein–protein interaction using STRING database resulted in 22,693 PPI interactions among 872 nodes (genes) at different confidence score. The cluster analysis of the 872 genes using MCODE, a plug-in of Cytoscape software revealed a total of 18 clusters, the topological parameter and gene ontology analysis facilitated in the selection of four influential genes viz., AGT, LPL, ITGB2, IRS1 from cluster 3. Further, the miRNAs (miR-26, miR-27, and miR-29 families) targeting these genes were obtained by employing MIENTURNET webtool. Conclusion Gene network analysis assisted in filtering out the 4 probable influential genes and 3 miRNA families in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These genes, miRNAs can be targeted to restrict the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Given the importance of atherosclerosis, any approach in the understanding the genes involved in its pathogenesis can substantially enhance the health care system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01195-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Kangsa Banik
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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12
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Ali F, Shen A, Islam W, Saleem MZ, Muthu R, Xie Q, Wu M, Cheng Y, Chu J, Lin W, Peng J. Role of MicroRNAs and their corresponding ACE2/Apelin signaling pathways in hypertension. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105361. [PMID: 34919993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is controlled via the alteration of microRNAs (miRNAs), their therapeutic targets angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and cross talk of signaling pathways. The stimulation of the Ang II/AT1R pathway by deregulation of miRNAs, has also been linked to cardiac remodeling as well as the pathophysiology of high blood pressure. As miRNAs have been associated to ACE2/Apelin and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling, it has revealed an utmost protective impact over hypertension and cardiovascular system. The ACE2-coupled intermodulation between RAAS, Apelin system, MAPK signaling pathways, and miRNAs reveal the practicalities of high blood pressure. The research of miRNAs may ultimately lead to the expansion of an innovative treatment strategy for hypertension, which indicates the need to explore them further at the molecular level. Therefore, here we have focused on the mechanistic importance of miRNAs in hypertension, ACE2/Apelin signaling as well as their biological functions, with a focus on interplay and crosstalk between ACE2/Apelin signaling, miRNAs, and hypertension, and the progress in miRNA-based diagnostic techniques with the goal of facilitating the development of new hypertension-controlling therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Ragunath Muthu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jiangfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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13
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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14
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Mandraffino G, Lo Gullo A, Cinquegrani M, D’Ascola A, Sinicropi D, Imbalzano E, Blando G, Campo GM, Morace C, Giuffrida C, Campo S, Squadrito G, Scuruchi M. Expression and Change of miRs 145, 221 and 222 in Hypertensive Subjects Treated with Enalapril, Losartan or Olmesartan. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080860. [PMID: 34440064 PMCID: PMC8389596 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR profile could be associated to CV risk, and also to prognosis/outcome in response to therapeutic approach. We aimed to evaluate if anti-hypertensive drugs enalapril, losartan or olmesartan have effects on monocyte miR profile in essential hypertensives without target organ involvement. For this purpose, 82 hypertensives and 49 controls were included; we evaluated SBP/DBP, lipid profile, glucose, CRP, fibrinogen, arterial stiffness indices (PWV; AIx), and cIMT at baseline (T0) and after 24 weeks of treatment (T1). Subjects with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, BMI ≥ 30, and other additional CV risk factors were excluded. Patients who were prescribed to receive once-a-day enalapril 20 mg, losartan 100 mg or olmesartan 20 mg were eligible for the study. At T1, we found a significant improvement of SBP (-18.5%), DBP (-18%), HDL-C and LDL-C (+3% and -5.42%), glucose (-2.15%), BMI (-3.23%), fibrinogen (-11%), CRP (-17.5%,), AIx (-49.1%) PWV (-32.2%), and monocyte miR expression (miR-221: -28.4%; miR-222: -36%; miR-145: +41.7%) with respect to baseline. miR profile was compared to control subjects at baseline and at T1. We found some little difference in the behaviour of the three treatments on some variables: olmesartan was the most effective in reducing fibrinogen, DBP, CRP, and AIx (-13.1%, -19.3%, -21.4%, and -56.8%, respectively). Enalapril was the drug more significantly increasing the expression of miR-145. In conclusion, enalapril, losartan and olmesartan are effective in improving mechanical and humoral factors associated to AS and atherogenesis. These drugs appear to be able to modify miRs 221/222 and miR-145 expression in drug-naïve hypertensives, making it closer to that of control subjects; additionally, this provides a good blood pressure compensation, contributing to slow the progression of vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
- Lipid Center, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- IRCCS Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98123 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Maria Cinquegrani
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Davide Sinicropi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Blando
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Maurizio Campo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Carmela Morace
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Salvatore Campo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.S.); (E.I.); (G.B.); (C.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Lipid Center, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.D.); (G.M.C.)
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15
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Large extracellular vesicles in the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation-the missing link? Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 111:34-49. [PMID: 34061226 PMCID: PMC8766378 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmic disease in humans, which leads to thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage and stroke through peripheral embolization. Depending on their origin, large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) can exert pro-coagulant functions. In the present study, we investigated how different types of AF influence the levels of large EV subtypes in three distinct atrial localizations. Blood samples were collected from the right and left atrium and the left atrial appendage of 58 patients. 49% of the patients had permanent AF, 34% had non-permanent AF, and 17% had no history of AF. Flow cytometric analysis of the origin of the lEVs showed that the proportion of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage was significantly higher in permanent AF patients compared to non-permanent AF. When we grouped patients according to their current heart rhythm, we also detected significantly higher levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with atrial fibrillation. In vitro studies revealed, that platelet activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to higher levels of miR-222-3p and miR-223-3p in platelet-derived lEVs. Treatment with lEVs from LPS- or thrombin-activated platelets reduces the migration of endothelial cells in vitro. These results suggest that permanent atrial fibrillation is associated with increased levels of platelet-derived lEVs in the LAA, which are potentially involved in LAA thrombus formation.
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16
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Georgescu A, Simionescu M. Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5967. [PMID: 34073119 PMCID: PMC8198837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells convey information among one another. One instrument employed to transmit data and constituents to specific (target) cells is extracellular vesicles (EVs). They originate from a variety of cells (endothelial, immune cells, platelets, mesenchymal stromal cells, etc.), and consequently, their surface characteristics and cargo vary according to the paternal cell. The cargo could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA, receptors, metabolites, cytoplasmic proteins, or pathological molecules, as a function of which EVs exert different effects upon endocytosis in recipient cells. Recently, EVs have become important participants in a variety of pathologies, including atherogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. Herein, we summarize recent advances and some of our own results on the role of EVs in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and discuss their potential to function as signaling mediators, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Since COVID-19 patients have a high rate of thrombotic events, a special section of the review is dedicated to the mechanism of thrombosis and the possible therapeutic potential of EVs in COVID-19-related thrombosis. Yet, EV mechanisms and their role in the transfer of information between cells in normal and pathological conditions remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
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17
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Golonka RM, Cooper JK, Issa R, Devarasetty PP, Gokula V, Busken J, Zubcevic J, Hill J, Vijay-Kumar M, Menon B, Joe B. Impact of Nutritional Epigenetics in Essential Hypertension: Targeting microRNAs in the Gut-Liver Axis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 33961141 PMCID: PMC8105193 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current knowledge on interactions between dietary factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) in essential hypertension (EH) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS There exists an integration of maintenance signals generated by genetic, epigenetic, immune, and environmental (e.g., dietary) factors that work to sustain balance in the gut-liver axis. It is well established that an imbalance in this complex, intertwined system substantially increases the risk for EH. As such, pertinent research has been taken to decipher how each signal operates in isolation and together in EH progression. Recent literature indicates that both macro- and micronutrients interrupt regulatory miRNA expressions and thus, alter multiple cellular processes that contribute to EH and its comorbidities. We highlight how carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salt, and potassium modify miRNA signatures during EH. The disruption in miRNA expression can negatively impact communication systems such as over activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, and promoting angiogenesis to favor EH. We also delineate the prognostic value of miRNAs in EH and discuss the pros and cons of surgical vs dietary prophylactic approaches in EH prevention. We propose that dietary-dependent perturbation of the miRNA profile is one mechanism within the gut-liver axis that dictates EH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | | | - Rochell Issa
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Veda Gokula
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Room 3105B, CCE Bldg, 2920 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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18
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Czajka P, Fitas A, Jakubik D, Eyileten C, Gasecka A, Wicik Z, Siller-Matula JM, Filipiak KJ, Postula M. MicroRNA as Potential Biomarkers of Platelet Function on Antiplatelet Therapy: A Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:652579. [PMID: 33935804 PMCID: PMC8081881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.652579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs, able to regulate cellular functions by specific gene modifications. Platelets are the major source for circulating miRNAs, with significant regulatory potential on cardiovascular pathophysiology. MiRNAs have been shown to modify the expression of platelet proteins influencing platelet reactivity. Circulating miRNAs can be determined from plasma, serum, or whole blood, and they can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of platelet reactivity during antiplatelet therapy as well as novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Herein, we review diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs levels related to platelet reactivity based on human studies, presenting its interindividual variability as well as the substantial role of genetics. Furthermore, we discuss antiplatelet treatment in the context of miRNAs alterations related to pathways associated with drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Czajka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gasecka
- First Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Krzysztof J Filipiak
- First Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Yuan J, Cai J, Zhao P, Zhao N, Hong RH, Ding J, Yang J, Fan QL, Zhu J, Zhou XJ, Li ZZ, Zhu DS, Guan YT. Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Platelet Distribution Width in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:631227. [PMID: 33746886 PMCID: PMC7973264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.631227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for ischemic stroke; however, whether LDL-C affects the platelet deformation function in the peripheral blood circulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between LDL-C and platelet distribution width (PDW) in AIS patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional hospitalized-based study of consecutive 438 patients with AIS within 24 h. Blood samples were collected upon admission and prior to drug administration, and LDL-C and PDW (a parameter that reflects the heterogeneity of platelet volume) were assessed. The relationship between LDL-C and PDW were analyzed by linear curve fitting analyses. Crude and adjusted beta coefficients of LDL-C for PDW with 95% confidence intervals were analyzed using multivariate-adjusted linear regression models. Results: The PDW was significantly higher in the high LDL-C group compared with those in the normal LDL-C group (16.28 ± 0.37 fl vs. 16.08 ± 0.37 fl, p < 0.001). Adjusted smoothed plots suggested that there are linear relationships between LDL-C and PDW, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient (95%) was 0.387 (0.304-0.464, p < 0.001). The beta coefficients (95% CI) between LDL-C and PDW were 0.15 (0.12-0.18, p < 0.001) and 0.14 (0.11-0.18, p < 0.001), respectively, in AIS patients before and after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the elevated LDL-C level was related to increased PDW among AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Hua Hong
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Lei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Shkair L, Garanina EE, Stott RJ, Foster TL, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1142. [PMID: 33498909 PMCID: PMC7865840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens. The main criterion of vaccine efficacy is the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and it is well established that immunogenicity depends on the type of vaccine as well as the route of delivery. In addition, antigen delivery to immune organs and the site of injection can potentiate efficacy of the vaccine. In light of this, microvesicles have been suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery as they can carry various immunogenic molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides directly to target cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of microvesicle biogenesis and the role of microvesicles in infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the application of microvesicles as a novel and effective vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layaly Shkair
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert J. Stott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Toshana L. Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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21
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Zhang MW, Shen YJ, Shi J, Yu JG. MiR-223-3p in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:610561. [PMID: 33553260 PMCID: PMC7854547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, involving vasculopathy, cardiac dysfunction, or circulatory disturbance, have become the major cause of death globally and brought heavy social burdens. The complexity and diversity of the pathogenic factors add difficulties to diagnosis and treatment, as well as lead to poor prognosis of these diseases. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs to modulate gene expression through directly binding to the 3′-untranslated regions of mRNAs of target genes and thereby to downregulate the protein levels post-transcriptionally. The multiple regulatory effects of microRNAs have been investigated extensively in cardiovascular diseases. MiR-223-3p, expressed in multiple cells such as macrophages, platelets, hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes to modulate their cellular activities through targeting a variety of genes, is involved in the pathological progression of many cardiovascular diseases. It participates in regulation of several crucial signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, insulin-like growth factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1/hypoxia inducible factor 1 α pathways to affect cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and polarization, as well as electrophysiology, resulting in dysfunction of cardiovascular system. Here, in this review, we will discuss the role of miR-223-3p in cardiovascular diseases, involving its verified targets, influenced signaling pathways, and regulation of cell function. In addition, the potential of miR-223-3p as therapeutic target and biomarker for diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases will be further discussed, providing clues for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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MicroRNA-34a: the bad guy in age-related vascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7355-7378. [PMID: 34698884 PMCID: PMC8629897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The age-related vasculature alteration is the prominent risk factor for vascular diseases (VD), namely, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, vascular calcification (VC) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The chronic sterile low-grade inflammation state, alias inflammaging, characterizes elderly people and participates in VD development. MicroRNA34-a (miR-34a) is emerging as an important mediator of inflammaging and VD. miR-34a increases with aging in vessels and induces senescence and the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in vascular smooth muscle (VSMCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells. Similarly, other VD risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, modify miR-34a expression to promote vascular senescence and inflammation. miR-34a upregulation causes endothelial dysfunction by affecting ECs nitric oxide bioavailability, adhesion molecules expression and inflammatory cells recruitment. miR-34a-induced senescence facilitates VSMCs osteoblastic switch and VC development in hyperphosphatemia conditions. Conversely, atherogenic and hypoxic stimuli downregulate miR-34a levels and promote VSMCs proliferation and migration during atherosclerosis and PAH. MiR34a genetic ablation or miR-34a inhibition by anti-miR-34a molecules in different experimental models of VD reduce vascular inflammation, senescence and apoptosis through sirtuin 1 Notch1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 modulation. Notably, pleiotropic drugs, like statins, liraglutide and metformin, affect miR-34a expression. Finally, human studies report that miR-34a levels associate to atherosclerosis and diabetes and correlate with inflammatory factors during aging. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge about miR-34a-dependent molecular and cellular mechanisms activated by VD risk factors and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of modulating its expression in order to reduce inflammaging and VD burn and extend healthy lifespan.
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23
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Identifying potential functional lncRNAs in metabolic syndrome by constructing a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:927-938. [PMID: 32690864 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors including diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol, and hypertension, which can significantly increase mortality and disability. Accumulating evidence suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of human metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in MS. In this work, we proposed a method for identifying potential MS-associated lncRNAs by constructing an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network (LMMN). Firstly, we constructed LMMN by integrating MS-associated genes, miRNA-mRNA interactions, miRNA-lncRNA interactions and mRNA/miRNA expression profiles in patients with MS. Then, we predicted potential MS-associated lncRNAs based on the topological properties of LMMN. As a result, we identified XIST as the most important lncRNA in LMMN. Furthermore, we focused on XIST/miR-214-3p and mir-181a-5p/PTEN axis and validated their expression in MS using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of XIST and PTEN was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) while the expression of miR-214-3p was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MS, compared with healthy controls. In addition, correlation analysis showed that XIST was negatively correlated with serum C peptide and PTEN was positively correlated with BMI of MS patients. Our findings provided new evidence for further exploring the regulatory role of XIST and other lncRNAs in MS.
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