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Ozaltin B, Chapman R, Arfeen MQU, Fitzpatick N, Hemingway H, Direk K, Jacob J. Delineating excess comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an observational study. Respir Res 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 38898447 PMCID: PMC11186192 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study examined whether prevalent and incident comorbidities are increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients when compared to matched chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and control subjects without IPF or COPD. METHODS IPF and age, gender and smoking matched COPD patients, diagnosed between 01/01/1997 and 01/01/2019 were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database multiple registrations cohort at the first date an ICD-10 or read code mentioned IPF/COPD. A control cohort comprised age, gender and pack-year smoking matched subjects without IPF or COPD. Prevalent (prior to IPF/COPD diagnosis) and incident (after IPF/COPD diagnosis) comorbidities were examined. Group differences were estimated using a t-test. Mortality relationships were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards adjusted for patient age, gender and smoking status. RESULTS Across 3055 IPF patients, 38% had 3 or more prevalent comorbidities versus 32% of COPD patients and 21% of matched control subjects. Survival time reduced as the number of comorbidities in an individual increased (p < 0.0001). In IPF, prevalent heart failure (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.43-1.84, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.10-1.47, p = 0.001), cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.02-1.35, p = 0.02), abdominal and peripheral vascular disease (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09-1.50, p = 0.003) independently associated with reduced survival. Key comorbidities showed increased incidence in IPF (versus COPD) 7-10 years prior to IPF diagnosis. INTERPRETATION The mortality impact of excessive prevalent comorbidities in IPF versus COPD and smoking matched controls suggests that multiorgan mechanisms of injury need elucidation in patients that develop IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ozaltin
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenan Direk
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Satsuma Lab, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK.
- UCL Respiratory, UCL, London, UK.
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2
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Caballero-Sánchez N, Alonso-Alonso S, Nagy L. Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re-build tissues. FEBS J 2024; 291:1597-1614. [PMID: 36440547 PMCID: PMC10225019 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro-inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Caballero-Sánchez
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sergio Alonso-Alonso
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida, USA
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3
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Wang Q, Goracci C, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure exaggerates bleomycin-induced collagen overexpression during pulmonary fibrogenesis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:9. [PMID: 38509574 PMCID: PMC10956237 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to cause lung inflammatory and injurious responses. Smoke exposure is associated with the pathobiology related to lung fibrosis, whereas the mechanism that ETS exposure augments pulmonary fibrogenesis is unclear. We hypothesized that ETS exposure could exacerbate fibrotic responses via collagen dynamic dysregulation and complement activation. C57BL/6J and p16-3MR mice were exposed to ETS followed by bleomycin administration. ETS exposure exacerbated bleomycin-induced collagen and lysyl oxidase overexpression in the fibrotic lesion. ETS exposure also led to augmented bleomycin-induced upregulation of C3 and C3AR, which are pro-fibrotic markers. Moreover, overexpressed collagens and C3 levels were highly significant in males than females. The old mice (17 months old) were exposed to ETS and treated with bleomycin to induce fibrogenesis which is considered as an aging-associated disease. Fewer gene and protein dysregulations trends were identified between ETS exposure with the bleomycin group and the bleomycin alone group in old mice. Based on our findings, we suggested that ETS exposure increases the risk of developing severe lung fibrotic responses via collagen overexpression and lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen stabilization in the fibrotic lesion, and potentially affected the complement system activation induced by bleomycin. Further, male mice were more susceptible than females during fibrogenesis exacerbation. Thus ETS and bleomycin induced lung fibrotic changes via collagen-lysyl oxidase in an age-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chiara Goracci
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 850, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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4
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Imaduddin UK, Berbudi A, Rohmawaty E. The Effect of Physalis angulata L. Administration on Gene Expressions Related to Lung Fibrosis Resolution in Mice-Induced Bleomycin. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:49-60. [PMID: 38317831 PMCID: PMC10840535 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s439932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the potential therapeutic effects of Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan) extract on lung fibrosis resolution in a Bleomycin-induced mouse model, researchers conducted a comprehensive study. The study focused on key genes associated with fibrosis progression, including Nox4, Mmp8, Klf4, and FAS, and assessed their mRNA expression levels following the administration of Ciplukan extract. Methods A Bleomycin-induced mice model was divided into seven groups to investigate the effects of ciplukan extract on fibrosis-related gene expressions. Mice were induced with subcutaneously injected Bleomycin to generate lung fibrosis and given different doses of the Ciplukan extract for four weeks. Lung fibrosis mRNA expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative PCR for Nox4, Klf4, Mmp8, and FAS. Results The administration of ciplukan extract resulted in a significant decrease in mRNA expression of Nox4 with p-value=0.000, Mmp8 with p-value =0.002, and Klf4 with p-value =0.007, indicating potential antifibrotic effects. However, FAS expression remained unchanged (p-value=0.127). Conclusion Ciplukan extract exhibited promising effects on fibrosis-related gene expressions, particularly Nox4, Mmp8, and Klf4. This study suggests that the extract has the potential to intervene in fibrosis progression, offering a potential avenue for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummul Khair Imaduddin
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Afiat Berbudi
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Enny Rohmawaty
- Pharmacology & Therapy Division, Departement of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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5
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez I, Mesa-Gallo BL, Rico-Puentes Y, González M, Parra-López CA. [Inflammageing in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2024; 71:72. [PMID: 38683089 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v71i1.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
METHODS We took Peripheral blood samples from adult patients over 60 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of IPF through biopsy or clinical criteria. Plasma separation was performed, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured using CBA. This study received approval from the ethics and research committee of the Colombian Pulmonological Foundation. RESULTS Patients with IPF exhibited an increase in cytokines such as IL-4, INFy, and IL-6 compared to healthy older adults. CONCLUSION Inflammatory disease has been associated with the development and coexistence of multiple chronic non-communicable diseases that have a higher incidence after 65 years of age. The involvement of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of IPF has been described as an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 lymphocyte response. Further studies are required to identify additional markers of immunosenescence that correlate with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brayan Leonardo Mesa-Gallo
- Estudiante de Fisioterapia, Semillero de Inmunología y Fisiología en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
| | - Yubely Rico-Puentes
- Estudiante de Fisioterapia, Semillero de Inmunología y Fisiología en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Parra-López
- Profesor Titular, Departamento de Microbiología, Grupo de Inmunología y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
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6
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Engels SM, Kamat P, Pafilis GS, Li Y, Agrawal A, Haller DJ, Phillip JM, Contreras LM. Particulate matter composition drives differential molecular and morphological responses in lung epithelial cells. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad415. [PMID: 38156290 PMCID: PMC10754159 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous component of air pollution that is epidemiologically linked to human pulmonary diseases. PM chemical composition varies widely, and the development of high-throughput experimental techniques enables direct profiling of cellular effects using compositionally unique PM mixtures. Here, we show that in a human bronchial epithelial cell model, exposure to three chemically distinct PM mixtures drive unique cell viability patterns, transcriptional remodeling, and the emergence of distinct morphological subtypes. Specifically, PM mixtures modulate cell viability, DNA damage responses, and induce the remodeling of gene expression associated with cell morphology, extracellular matrix organization, and cellular motility. Profiling cellular responses showed that cell morphologies change in a PM composition-dependent manner. Finally, we observed that PM mixtures with higher cadmium content induced increased DNA damage and drove redistribution among morphological subtypes. Our results demonstrate that quantitative measurement of individual cellular morphologies provides a robust, high-throughput approach to gauge the effects of environmental stressors on biological systems and score cellular susceptibilities to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Engels
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pratik Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - G Stavros Pafilis
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yukang Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anshika Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Daniel J Haller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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7
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Zeyada MS, Eraky SM, El-Shishtawy MM. Trigonelline mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis: Insight into NLRP3 inflammasome and SPHK1/S1P/Hippo signaling modulation. Life Sci 2024; 336:122272. [PMID: 37981228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with an increasing incidence following the COVID-19 outbreak. Pirfenidone (Pirf), an FDA-approved pulmonary anti-fibrotic drug, is poorly tolerated and exhibits limited efficacy. Trigonelline (Trig) is a natural plant alkaloid with diverse pharmacological actions. We investigated the underlying prophylactic and therapeutic mechanisms of Trig in ameliorating bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the possible synergistic antifibrotic activity of Pirf via its combination with Trig. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single dose of BLM was administered intratracheally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for PF induction. In the prophylactic study, Trig was given orally 3 days before BLM and then for 28 days. In the therapeutic study, Trig and/or Pirf were given orally from day 8 after BLM until the 28th day. Biochemical assay, histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were performed on lung tissues. KEY FINDINGS Trig prophylactically and therapeutically mitigated the inflammatory process via targeting NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling. Trig activated the autophagy process which in turn attenuated alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and senescence. Remarkably, Trig attenuated lung SPHK1/S1P axis and its downstream Hippo targets, YAP-1, and TAZ, with a parallel decrease in YAP/TAZ profibrotic genes. Interestingly, Trig upregulated lung miR-375 and miR-27a expression. Consequently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tissues was reversed upon Trig administration. These results were simultaneously associated with profound improvement in lung histological alterations. SIGNIFICANCE The current study verifies Trig's prophylactic and antifibrotic effects against BLM-induced PF via targeting multiple signaling. Trig and Pirf combination may be a promising approach to synergize Pirf antifibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna S Zeyada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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8
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Trempus CS, Papas BN, Sifre MI, Bortner CD, Scappini E, Tucker CJ, Xu X, Johnson KL, Deterding LJ, Williams JG, Johnson DJ, Li JL, Sutton D, Ganta C, Mahapatra D, Arif M, Basu A, Pommerolle L, Cinar R, Perl AK, Garantziotis S. Functional Pdgfra fibroblast heterogeneity in normal and fibrotic mouse lung. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164380. [PMID: 37824216 PMCID: PMC10721331 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unrelenting extracellular matrix deposition in response to lung injury. Platelet-derived growth factor α-positive (Pdgfra+) lipofibroblasts (LipoFBs) are essential for lung injury response and maintenance of a functional alveolar stem cell niche. Little is known about the effects of lung injury on LipoFB function. Here, we used single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) technology and PdgfraGFP lineage tracing to generate a transcriptomic profile of Pdgfra+ fibroblasts in normal and injured mouse lungs 14 days after bleomycin exposure, generating 11 unique transcriptomic clusters that segregated according to treatment. While normal and injured LipoFBs shared a common gene signature, injured LipoFBs acquired fibrogenic pathway activity with an attenuation of lipogenic pathways. In a 3D organoid model, injured Pdgfra+ fibroblast-supported organoids were morphologically distinct from those cultured with normal fibroblasts, and scRNA-Seq analysis suggested distinct transcriptomic changes in alveolar epithelia supported by injured Pdgfra+ fibroblasts. In summary, while LipoFBs in injured lung have not migrated from their niche and retain their lipogenic identity, they acquire a potentially reversible fibrogenic profile, which may alter the kinetics of epithelial regeneration and potentially contribute to dysregulated repair, leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katina L. Johnson
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leesa J. Deterding
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason G. Williams
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Deloris Sutton
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charan Ganta
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, and
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K. Perl
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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9
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Wang Q, Goracci C, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure exaggerates bleomycin- induced collagen overexpression during pulmonary fibrogenesis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3406872. [PMID: 37886473 PMCID: PMC10602094 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3406872/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to cause lung inflammatory and injurious responses. Smoke exposure is associated with the pathobiology related to lung fibrosis, whereas the mechanism by which ETS exposure augments lung fibrogenesis is unclear. We hypothesized that ETS exposure could exacerbate fibrotic responses via collagen dynamic dysregulation and complement activation. C57BL/6J and p16-3MR mice were exposed to ETS followed by bleomycin administration. ETS exposure exacerbated bleomycin-induced collagen and lysyl oxidase overexpression in the fibrotic lesion. ETS exposure also led to augmented bleomycin-induced upregulation of C3 and C3AR, which are pro-fibrotic markers. Moreover, overexpressed collagens and C3 levels were highly significant in males than females. The old mice (17 months old) were exposed to ETS and treated with bleomycin to induce fibrogenesis, since fibrogenesis is an aging-associated disease. Fewer gene and protein dysregulations trends were identified between ETS exposure with the bleomycin group and the bleomycin alone group in old mice. Based on our findings, we suggested that ETS exposure increases the risk of developing severe lung fibrotic responses via collagen overexpression and lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen stabilization in the fibrotic lesion. ETS exposure also potentially affected the complement system activation induced by bleomycin. Further, male mice were more susceptible than females during fibrogenesis exacerbation.
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10
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Ren LL, Miao H, Wang YN, Liu F, Li P, Zhao YY. TGF-β as A Master Regulator of Aging-Associated Tissue Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1633-1650. [PMID: 37196129 PMCID: PMC10529747 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Aging, injury, infections, and inflammation can cause different types of tissue fibrosis. Numerous clinical investigations have shown a correlation between the degree of liver and pulmonary fibrosis in patients and telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content, both of which are signs of aging. Aging involves the gradual loss of tissue function over time, which results in the loss of homeostasis and, ultimately, an organism's fitness. A major feature of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells. Senescent cells abnormally and continuously accumulate in the late stages of life, contributing to age-related fibrosis and tissue deterioration, among other aging characteristics. Furthermore, aging generates chronic inflammation, which results in fibrosis and decreases organ function. This finding suggests that fibrosis and aging are closely related. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological processes of aging, immune regulation, atherosclerosis, and tissue fibrosis. In this review, the functions of TGF-β in normal organs, aging, and fibrotic tissues is discussed: TGF-β signalling is altered with age and is an indicator of pathology associated with tissue fibrosis. In addition, this review discusses the potential targeting of noncoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Han X, Wu W, Wang S. Krüppel-like factor 15 counteracts endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppresses lung fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102183. [PMID: 37531874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis is on the rise, and existing treatments have limited efficacy in improving patient survival. The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential of Krüppel-like factor (KLF)15 activation in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was utilized to induce lung fibroblasts to establish an in vitro model of pulmonary fibrosis. The impacts of TGF-β and KLF15 level on cell proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were assessed. Additionally, tunicamycin, an ERS agonist, was used to investigate the role of ERS in KLF15 regulation. The results showed that KLF15 was dropped in response to TGF-β treatment. However, KLF15 overexpression reduced cell proliferation, migration, ECM accumulation, and ERS, alleviating the effects of TGF-β stimulation. Subsequent treatment with tunicamycin diminished the effects of KLF15 overexpression, demonstrating that ERS mediated the modulation of KLF15. KLF15 acts against ERS and suppresses excessive proliferation and ECM accumulation in lung fibroblast. These findings suggest that activating KLF15 is a promising strategy for alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Han
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
| | - Weiqin Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
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12
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Jiang Y, Wang Z, Hu J, Wang W, Zhang N, Gao L. Core fucosylation regulates alveolar epithelial cells senescence through activating of transforming growth factor-β pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9572-9589. [PMID: 37724903 PMCID: PMC10564423 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal disorder associated with aging, has a terrible prognosis. However, the potential causes of IPF remain a riddle. In this study, we designed to explore whether the modification of the core fucosylation (CF) can ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by targeting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) senescence. First, we verified that cellular senescence occurs in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice models and CF modifications accompanying senescent AECs in pulmonary fibrosis. Next, both gain- and loss- of function research on CF were performed to elucidate its role in promoting AECs senescence and triggering pulmonary fibrosis in vitro. Notably, using alveolar epithelial cell-specific FUT8 conditional knockout mouse models, however, inhibition of cellular senescence by deleting the FUT8 gene could attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Finally, blocking the CF modification of transforming growth factor -β type I receptor (TGF-βR I) could reduce the activation of downstream transforming growth factor -β (TGF-β) pathways in AECs senescence both in vivo and in vitro. This study reveals that CF is a crucial interventional target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Blocking CF modification contributes importantly to inhibiting AECs senescence resulting in pulmonary fibrosis lessen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinying Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Stanel SC, Callum J, Rivera-Ortega P. Genetic and environmental factors in interstitial lung diseases: current and future perspectives on early diagnosis of high-risk cohorts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1232655. [PMID: 37601795 PMCID: PMC10435297 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1232655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the wide scope of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) is being increasingly recognized as a specific entity, with earlier onset, faster progression, and suboptimal responses to immunosuppression. FPF is linked to heritable pathogenic variants in telomere-related genes (TRGs), surfactant-related genes (SRGs), telomere shortening (TS), and early cellular senescence. Telomere abnormalities have also been identified in some sporadic cases of fibrotic ILD. Air pollution and other environmental exposures carry additive risk to genetic predisposition in pulmonary fibrosis. We provide a perspective on how these features impact on screening strategies for relatives of FPF patients, interstitial lung abnormalities, ILD multi-disciplinary team (MDT) discussion, and disparities and barriers to genomic testing. We also describe our experience with establishing a familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP) clinic and provide guidance on how to identify patients with telomere dysfunction who would benefit most from genomic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cristian Stanel
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Callum
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Rivera-Ortega
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Tseng YH, Chen IC, Li WC, Hsu JH. Regulatory Cues in Pulmonary Fibrosis-With Emphasis on the AIM2 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10876. [PMID: 37446052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic lung disorder characterized by the presence of scarred and thickened lung tissues. Although the Food and Drug Administration approved two antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone, and nintedanib, that are currently utilized for treating idiopathic PF (IPF), the clinical therapeutic efficacy remains unsatisfactory. It is crucial to develop new drugs or treatment schemes that combine pirfenidone or nintedanib to achieve more effective outcomes for PF patients. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying PF could potentially facilitate drug discovery. Previous studies have found that the activation of inflammasomes, including nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein (NLRP)1, NLRP3, NOD-like receptor C4, and absent in melanoma (AIM)2, contributes to lung inflammation and fibrosis. This article aims to summarize the cellular and molecular regulatory cues that contribute to PF with a particular emphasis on the role of AIM2 inflammasome in mediating pathophysiologic events during PF development. The insights gained from this research may pave the way for the development of more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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15
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Raffee LA, Alawneh KZ, Alshehabat MAM, Haddad H, Jaradat SA. MicroRNA profiling in dogs undergoing induced ischemic heart infarction: An experimental study. Vet World 2023; 16:1319-1324. [PMID: 37577186 PMCID: PMC10421551 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1319-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in various biological functions. According to many studies, miRNA expression is tissue-specific, strongly controlled throughout embryogenesis, and over- or under-expressed in numerous disorders, including cardiovascular pathologies. This study aimed to screen, characterize, and profile many induced biomarkers (miRNAs) in dog serum before and after experimentally inducing a regional myocardial infarction (MI) by occluding the coronary arteries under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods A preclinical experimental animal study recruited 12 healthy canine dogs. The selected canine dogs were anesthetized with 1 mg/kg xylazine and 15 mg/kg ketamine before undergoing femoral arterial catheterization under fluoroscopic supervision. Commercial assay kits were used to purify total RNA and miRNA before the occlusion and 2 h after the occlusion according to the manufacturer's guidelines, and the samples were stored in RNase/DNase-free water at -80°C. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 5.0 software (GraphPad Prism, San Diego, CA) SPSS, and GenEx software (www.multid.se) or (REST V3). Results Among 325 transcribed genes, 20 were identified in 2 h. After MI, 14 biomarkers were negative, indicating downregulation, and 6 (3-F08, 3-B10, 4-A11, 1-A06, 2-E01, 3-F10) were positive, indicating upregulation. Polymerase chain reaction assay results showed a normalized fold-change in gene expression in the test sample. Fold values >1 represented a biologically significant change. Conclusion Profiling of miRNAs before and after MI in a dog model revealed upregulation of six previously unidentified biomarkers (3-F08, 3-B10, 4-A11, 1-A06, 2-E01, and 3-F10), indicating various miRNA regulatory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqaa A. Raffee
- Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khaled Z. Alawneh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Musa Ahmed Mohammed Alshehabat
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hazem Haddad
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Saied A. Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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16
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Engels SM, Kamat P, Pafilis GS, Li Y, Agrawal A, Haller DJ, Phillip JM, Contreras LM. Particulate matter composition drives differential molecular and morphological responses in lung epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541204. [PMID: 37292596 PMCID: PMC10245696 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous component of indoor and outdoor air pollution that is epidemiologically linked to many human pulmonary diseases. PM has many emission sources, making it challenging to understand the biological effects of exposure due to the high variance in chemical composition. However, the effects of compositionally unique particulate matter mixtures on cells have not been analyzed using both biophysical and biomolecular approaches. Here, we show that in a human bronchial epithelial cell model (BEAS-2B), exposure to three chemically distinct PM mixtures drives unique cell viability patterns, transcriptional remodeling, and the emergence of distinct morphological subtypes. Specifically, PM mixtures modulate cell viability and DNA damage responses and induce the remodeling of gene expression associated with cell morphology, extracellular matrix organization and structure, and cellular motility. Profiling cellular responses showed that cell morphologies change in a PM composition-dependent manner. Lastly, we observed that particulate matter mixtures with high contents of heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, induced larger drops in viability, increased DNA damage, and drove a redistribution among morphological subtypes. Our results demonstrate that quantitative measurement of cellular morphology provides a robust approach to gauge the effects of environmental stressors on biological systems and determine cellular susceptibilities to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Engels
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Pratik Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - G. Stavros Pafilis
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Yukang Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Anshika Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Daniel J. Haller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606
| | - Jude M. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231
| | - Lydia M. Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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17
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Ligresti G, Raslan AA, Hong J, Caporarello N, Confalonieri M, Huang SK. Mesenchymal cells in the Lung: Evolving concepts and their role in fibrosis. Gene 2023; 859:147142. [PMID: 36603696 PMCID: PMC10068350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and deadly form of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Originally thought to behave as supporting cells for the lung epithelium and endothelium with a singular function of producing basement membrane, mesenchymal cells encompass a variety of cell types, including resident fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, which all occupy different anatomic locations and exhibit diverse homeostatic functions in the lung. During injury, each of these subtypes demonstrate remarkable plasticity and undergo varying capacity to proliferate and differentiate into activated myofibroblasts. Therefore, these cells secrete high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to tissue repair, or in pathologic situations, scarring and fibrosis. Whereas epithelial damage is considered the initial trigger that leads to lung injury, lung mesenchymal cells are recognized as the ultimate effector of fibrosis and attempts to better understand the different functions and actions of each mesenchymal cell subtype will lead to a better understanding of why fibrosis develops and how to better target it for future therapy. This review summarizes current findings related to various lung mesenchymal cells as well as signaling pathways, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US.
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
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18
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Raslan AA, Pham TX, Lee J, Hong J, Schmottlach J, Nicolas K, Dinc T, Bujor AM, Caporarello N, Thiriot A, von Andrian UH, Huang SK, Nicosia RF, Trojanowska M, Varelas X, Ligresti G. Single Cell Transcriptomics of Fibrotic Lungs Unveils Aging-associated Alterations in Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.523179. [PMID: 36712020 PMCID: PMC9882122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lung regeneration deteriorates with aging leading to increased susceptibility to pathologic conditions, including fibrosis. Here, we investigated bleomycin-induced lung injury responses in young and aged mice at single-cell resolution to gain insights into the cellular and molecular contributions of aging to fibrosis. Analysis of 52,542 cells in young (8 weeks) and aged (72 weeks) mice identified 15 cellular clusters, many of which exhibited distinct injury responses that associated with age. We identified Pdgfra + alveolar fibroblasts as a major source of collagen expression following bleomycin challenge, with those from aged lungs exhibiting a more persistent activation compared to young ones. We also observed age-associated transcriptional abnormalities affecting lung progenitor cells, including ATII pneumocytes and general capillary (gCap) endothelial cells (ECs). Transcriptional analysis combined with lineage tracing identified a sub-population of gCap ECs marked by the expression of Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B (TrkB) that appeared in bleomycin-injured lungs and accumulated with aging. This newly emerged TrkB + EC population expressed common gCap EC markers but also exhibited a distinct gene expression signature associated with aberrant YAP/TAZ signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia. Finally, we defined ACKR1 + venous ECs that exclusively emerged in injured lungs of aged animals and were closely associated with areas of collagen deposition and inflammation. Immunostaining and FACS analysis of human IPF lungs demonstrated that ACKR1 + venous ECs were dominant cells within the fibrotic regions and accumulated in areas of myofibroblast aggregation. Together, these data provide high-resolution insights into the impact of aging on lung cell adaptability to injury responses.
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19
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He X, Jarrell ZR, Liang Y, Ryan Smith M, Orr ML, Marts L, Go YM, Jones DP. Vanadium pentoxide induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence in human lung fibroblasts. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102409. [PMID: 35870339 PMCID: PMC9307685 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both environmental exposure to vanadium pentoxide (V2O5, V+5 for its ionic counterparts) and fibroblast senescence are associated with pulmonary fibrosis, but whether V+5 causes fibroblast senescence remains unknown. We found in a dose-response study that 2-40 μM V+5 caused human lung fibroblasts (HLF) senescence with increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p16 expression, while cell death occurred at higher concentration (LC50, 82 μM V+5). Notably, measures of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with fluorescence probes showed no association of ROS with V+5-dependent senescence. Preloading catalase (polyethylene-conjugated), a H2O2 scavenger, did not alleviate the cellular senescence induced by V+5. Analyses of the cellular glutathione (GSH) system showed that V+5 oxidized GSH, increased GSH biosynthesis, stimulated cellular GSH efflux and increased protein S-glutathionylation, and addition of N-acetyl cysteine inhibited V+5-elevated p16 expression, suggesting that thiol oxidation mediates V+5-caused senescence. Moreover, strong correlations between GSSG/GSH redox potential (Eh), protein S-glutathionylation, and cellular senescence (R2 > 0.99, p < 0.05) were present in V+5-treated cells. Studies with cell-free and enzyme-free solutions showed that V+5 directly oxidized GSH with formation of V+4 and GSSG in the absence of O2. Analyses of V+5 and V+4 in HLF and culture media showed that V+5 was reduced to V+4 in cells and that a stable V+4/V+5 ratio was rapidly achieved in extracellular media, indicating ongoing release of V+4 and reoxidation to V+5. Together, the results show that V+5-dependent fibroblast senescence is associated with a cellular/extracellular redox cycling mechanism involving the GSH system and occurring under conditions that do not cause cell death. These results establish a mechanism by which environmental vanadium from food, dietary supplements or drinking water, can cause or contribute to lung fibrosis in the absence of high-level occupational exposures and cytotoxic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zachery R Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael L Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lucian Marts
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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20
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P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091332. [PMID: 36143369 PMCID: PMC9501954 DOI: 10.3390/life12091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented production or exposure to reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines production, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and, importantly, the deposit of senescent cells. These are irreversibly mitotically inactive, yet metabolically active cells. The reason underlying their senescence lies within the extrinsic and the intrinsic arms. The extrinsic arm is mainly characterized by the expression and the secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intrinsic arm results from the impact of several genes meant to regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor suppressor genes. P16INK4A is a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator that has been linked to aging and senescence. Extensive research has revealed that p16 expression is significantly increased in senescent cells, as well as during natural aging or age-related pathologies. Based on this fact, p16 is considered as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging. Other studies have found that p16 is not only a senescence marker, but also a protein with many functions outside of senescence and aging. In this paper, we discuss and shed light on several studies that show the different functions of p16 and provide insights in its role in several biological processes besides senescence and aging.
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21
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Gao L, Wang N, Jiang Y, Hu J, Ma B, Wu T. Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Core Fucosylation Modification Modulated EMT and Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5943322. [PMID: 35845568 PMCID: PMC9279030 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5943322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and incurable chronic interstitial lung disease with an unknown etiology. Recent evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the possible factors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a natural active ingredient extracted from the root of the traditional Chinese herb licorice, which has been shown in previous studies to have the effect of alleviating lung injury. In this study, our objective was to investigate whether GA could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by altering EMT, as well as the therapeutic potential of changing core fucosylation (CF) to target EMT-related pathways. First, we verified that GA partially reverses EMT in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung interstitial fibrosis, alleviating pulmonary fibrosis, and implying that GA has antifibrotic potential. Next, we discovered that GA attenuated lung interstitial fibrosis by reducing CF modifications to some extent. Interestingly, we found that GA therapy reduced the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and β-catenin in the EMT pathway and that GA inhibited the modification of TGF-βR and WNT receptor proteins by CF, suggesting that GA may interfere with the EMT process by modulating TGF-βR, WNT core fucosylation modifications to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, these findings indicate that GA could be a potential therapeutic agent for IPF, and further support the idea that targeting CF alterations could be a novel technique for the treatment of diseases involving EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jinying Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Baojie Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Taihua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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22
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Novotová K, Pavlů D, Dvořáčková D, Arnal-Gómez A, Espí-López GV. Influence of Walking as Physiological Training to Improve Respiratory Parameters in the Elderly Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7995. [PMID: 35805648 PMCID: PMC9265471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Walking as physiological training is reported to be an effective activity in order to beneficially influence and slow the onset of aging in healthy elderly people. However, insufficient evidence exists on how walking influences lung function in seniors. In our study, we aim to evaluate the effect of different types of walking on lung function in healthy seniors. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO Essentials databases were searched, while the methodological quality was assessed by the RoB2 tool. A total of seven studies (RCTs) published between 2002-2022 that met the eligibility criteria were analysed in this review. All participants were older adults without any specific associated disease, aged 60 and above. The interventions included structured physical activity; a high/moderate exercise program; long-term regular walking; walking as a part of functional movement training; walking sideways, backward and forward as a part of aerobic training; fast walking; Stepper walking; walking on a treadmill combined with incentive spirometry; and Nordic walking. Overall, most of the mentioned types of walking led to improved lung function in healthy elderly subjects. However, the prescribed Stepper walking program did not improve lung function in healthy seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Novotová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Dagmar Pavlů
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Dominika Dvořáčková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (D.D.)
| | - Anna Arnal-Gómez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (G.V.E.-L.)
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispecialty Research Group (PTinMOTION), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Victoria Espí-López
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (G.V.E.-L.)
- Exercise Intervention for Health (EXINH), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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23
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Pence B, Zhang Y, Antwi I, Cory TJ. Senescent macrophages alter fibroblast fibrogenesis in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 1:37-42. [PMID: 36534613 PMCID: PMC9726213 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has, since its emergence in 2019, become a global pandemic. Disease outcomes are worsened in older patients who are infected. The causes for this is multifactorial, but one potential cause for this disparity is increased rates of cellular senescence in older individuals, particularly in immune cells. Cellular senescence, the accumulation of factors resulting in cell growth arrest and apoptosis resistance, increases as individuals age. In immune cells, senescence is associated with increased inflammation, and alterations in immune response. We utilized a co-culture system consisting of senescent or non-senescent macrophages directly cultured with fibroblasts, and infected with SARS-CoV-2. We assessed the expression of collagen and fibronectin, important molecules in the extracellular matrix, as well as a number of fibrogenic factors. We observed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 induced collagen production in co-cultures with senescent, but not non-senescent macrophages. Fibronectin expression was decreased in both co-culture conditions. While significant results were not observed, concentrations of other fibrogenic molecules were consistent with the collagen results. These data demonstrate that senescence in macrophages alters the production of fibrotic molecules from fibroblasts in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. As collagen and fibronectin expression are generally directly correlated, this suggests that senescence dysregulates fibrogenesis in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2. There is a need to further investigate the mechanisms for these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt Pence
- University of Memphis College of Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- University of Memphis College of Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ivy Antwi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore James Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN, USA
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24
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Michalski JE, Kurche JS, Schwartz DA. From ARDS to pulmonary fibrosis: the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic? Transl Res 2022; 241:13-24. [PMID: 34547499 PMCID: PMC8452088 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has transformed the medical and scientific communites since it was first reported in late 2019, we are only beginning to understand the chronic health burdens associated with this disease. Although COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease, the lungs are the primary source of infection and injury, resulting in pneumonia and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given that pulmonary fibrosis is a well-recognized sequela of ARDS, many have questioned whether COVID-19 survivors will face long-term pulmonary consequences. This review is aimed at integrating our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying fibroproliferative ARDS with our current knowledge of the pulmonary consequences of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Michalski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan S Kurche
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Medicine Service, Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
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25
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Bale LK, Schafer MJ, Atkinson EJ, Le Brasseur NK, Haak AJ, Oxvig C, Conover CA. Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) is a key component of an interactive cellular mechanism promoting pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2220-2229. [PMID: 35098542 PMCID: PMC9050837 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with few effective treatment options. We found a highly significant correlation between pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A expression in IPF lung tissue and disease severity as measured by various pulmonary and physical function tests. PAPP-A is a metalloproteinase that enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity. We used primary cultures of normal adult human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) to test the hypothesis that PAPP-A plays an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment of NHLF with pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulated marked increases in IGF-I mRNA expression (>20-fold) and measurable IGF-I levels in 72-h conditioned medium (CM). TGF-β treatment also increased PAPP-A levels in CM fourfold (p = 0.004) and proteolytic activity ~2-fold. There was an indirect effect of TGF-β to stimulate signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway, which was significantly inhibited by both IGF-I-inactivating and PAPP-A inhibitory antibodies. Induction of senescence in NHLF increased PAPP-A levels in CM 10-fold (p = 0.006) with attendant increased proteolytic activity. Thus, PAPP-A is a novel component of the senescent lung fibroblast secretome. In addition, NHLF secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs) with surface-bound active PAPP-A that were increased fivefold with senescence. Regulation of PAPP-A and IGF signaling by TGF-β and cell senescence suggests an interactive cellular mechanism underlying the resistance to apoptosis and the progression of fibrosis in IPF. Furthermore, PAPP-A-associated EVs may be a means of pro-fibrotic, pro-senescent communication with other cells in the lung and, thus, a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K. Bale
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Marissa J. Schafer
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Aarhus Aarhus Denmark
| | - Cheryl A. Conover
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit Rochester Minnesota USA
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26
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Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114812. [PMID: 34687672 PMCID: PMC8546906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Recently, infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development; however, the role of viral/bacterial infections in the initiation and propagation of PF is still debated. In this context, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and PF development. Although the infection by SARS-CoV-2 can be eradicated in most cases, the development of fibrotic lesions cannot be precluded; furthermore, whether these lesions are stable or progressive fibrotic events is still unknown. Herein, an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process together with the currently approved and newly proposed therapeutic solutions was given. Then, the most recent data that emerged from post-COVID-19 patients was discussed, in order to compare PF and COVID-19-dependent PF, highlighting shared and specific mechanisms. A better understanding of PF aetiology is certainly needed, also to develop effective therapeutic strategies and COVID-19 pathology is offering one more chance to do it. Overall, the work reported here could help to define new approaches for therapeutic intervention in the diversity of the ILD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- Multidisciplinary Team of Interstitial Lung Disease, Radiology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy,Corresponding author
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27
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Sun W, Jing X, Yang X, Huang H, Luo Q, Xia S, Wang P, Wang N, Zhang Q, Guo J, Xu Z. Regulation of the IGF1 signaling pathway is involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis induced by alveolar epithelial cell senescence and core fucosylation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18852-18869. [PMID: 34329195 PMCID: PMC8351684 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mainly occurs in elderly people over the age of sixty. IPF pathogenesis is associated with alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) senescence. Activation of PI3K/AKT signaling induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) participates in AEC senescence and IPF by releasing CTGF, TGF-β1, and MMP9. Our previous study demonstrated that core fucosylation (CF) modification, catalyzed by a specific core fucosyltransferase (FUT8) can regulate the activation of multiple signaling pathways, and inhibiting CF can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in mice induced by bleomycin. However, whether CF is involved in IGF1-mediated AEC senescence in IPF remains unclear. In this study, we found that the IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated in IPF lung tissue. Meanwhile, CF was present in senescent AECs. We also showed that IGF1 could induce AECs senescence with enhanced CF in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting CF alleviated AECs senescence and pulmonary fibrosis induced by IGF1. In addition, activation of IGF1/PI3K/AKT signaling depends on CF. In conclusion, this study confirmed that CF is an important target regulating the IGF1 signaling pathway in AEC senescence and IPF, which might be a candidate target to treat IPF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Vorselaars ADM, van den Berg PM, Drent M. Severe pulmonary toxicity associated with inhalation of pyrethroid-based domestic insecticides (Bop/Sapolio): a case series and literature review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:271-277. [PMID: 33927133 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review focuses on serious pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of over the counter available pyrethroid-based insecticides. Pyrethroid is a synthetic product of pyrethrin, which in turn is the active ingredient of pyrethrum, a flower extract. RECENT FINDINGS On the contrary, a large gap of knowledge exists in the association of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with pyrethroids. So far, two cases of ILD, one associated with pyrethrin and one associated with pyrethrum, were described. Existing literature on both other (pulmo)toxic effects of pyrethroids in human and animals is summarized. SUMMARY We present three cases of severe pulmonary toxicity after inhalation of pyrethroid-based insecticides demanding hospitalization and oxygen therapy. One of these cases died. Although a causal relationship was hard to establish, these cases all demonstrated an obvious history of (repeated) pyrethroid exposure associated with ILD. Moreover, other causes of ILD as well as infections were excluded. Furthermore, studies in mammals as well as aquatic animals confirm (pulmonary) toxicity of pyrethroids. The occurrence of toxicity is dose-dependent but also associated with individual susceptibility. Therefore, we would like to acknowledge that awareness of potential hazards of commercially available insecticides containing pyrethroids to both medical physicians and the public is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane D M Vorselaars
- ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre, Utrecht
- Department of Pulmonology, Curaçao Medical Centre, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | | | - Marjolein Drent
- ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht
- ILD Care Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands
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29
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Lucas JH, Wang Q, Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Cause Cellular Senescence in TGF-β Stimulated Lung Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060144. [PMID: 34205339 PMCID: PMC8234672 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have a fiber-like structure which may be a concern for the development of cellular senescence. Premature senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the crosstalk between downstream pathways mediating fibrotic and senescent responses of MWCNTs is not well-defined. Here, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to MWCNTs for up to 72 h and demonstrate that MWCNTs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accompanied by inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, MWCNT exposure resulted in the increase of p21 protein abundance and senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) activity. We also determined that co-exposure with the cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exacerbated cellular senescence indicated by increased protein levels of p21, p16, and γH2A.X. Furthermore, the production of fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) was significantly elevated with the co-exposure compared to MWCNT or TGF-β alone. Together, our study suggests that the cellular senescence potential of MWCNTs may be enhanced by pro-fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β in the surrounding microenvironment.
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30
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Parimon T, Hohmann MS, Yao C. Cellular Senescence: Pathogenic Mechanisms in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6214. [PMID: 34207528 PMCID: PMC8227105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and fatal lung disease that significantly impacts the aging population globally. To date, anti-fibrotic, immunosuppressive, and other adjunct therapy demonstrate limited efficacies. Advancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of lung fibrosis will provide a future path for the cure. Cellular senescence has gained substantial interest in recent decades due to the increased incidence of fibroproliferative lung diseases in the older age group. Furthermore, the pathologic state of cellular senescence that includes maladaptive tissue repair, decreased regeneration, and chronic inflammation resembles key features of progressive lung fibrosis. This review describes regulatory pathways of cellular senescence and discusses the current knowledge on the senescence of critical cellular players of lung fibrosis, including epithelial cells (alveolar type 2 cells, basal cells, etc.), fibroblasts, and immune cells, their phenotypic changes, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these cells contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. A few challenges in the field include establishing appropriate in vivo experimental models and identifying senescence-targeted signaling molecules and specific therapies to target senescent cells, known collectively as "senolytic" or "senotherapeutic" agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miriam S. Hohmann
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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31
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Pulmonary toxicity associated with occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides and herbicides. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:278-283. [PMID: 33882510 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Critical review on the notion that exposure to pesticides and herbicides lead to adverse effects in pulmonary health. RECENT FINDINGS The lung effects of several chemical classes of pesticides and herbicides is biologically plausible. However, the studies that describe the association between exposure and toxic lung effects have numerous limitations. Critical evaluation of the studies that are performed shows that assessment of occupational or environmental exposure to pesticides and herbicides is cumbersome. Moreover, the health effects are not always clearly established due to the use of questionnaires and self-reported data instead of lung function measurements or diagnostic work-up by physicians.Future studies should preferably better characterize the exposure. Genetic phenotyping should be included to understand and strengthen possible (individual) associations between exposure and health outcome. It should be realized that combined exposure to multiple environmental chemicals may lead to different health effects than exposure to individual chemicals. SUMMARY The relation between exposure to pesticides and herbicides and lung toxicity is less clear than generally assumed. Adverse lung effects seem multifactorial and needs further research. Preventive measures remain key.
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