1
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Abu SL, Hehar NK, Chigbu DI. Novel therapeutic receptor agonists and antagonists in allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:380-389. [PMID: 39079155 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by the development of pathophysiological changes to the ocular surface, which occurs when pro-allergic and pro-inflammatory mediators interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. Traditional treatments with antihistamines and corticosteroids provide relief, but there is a need for more efficacious and tolerable long-term therapy with a better safety profile. This article aims to provide an overview of the mode of action and clinical application of agonist therapies targeting glucocorticoid, melanocortin, and toll-like receptors, as well as antagonist therapies targeting cytokine, chemokine, integrin, and histamine receptors. RECENT FINDINGS There has been considerable advancement in immunology and pharmacology, as well as a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic conjunctivitis. Recent research advancing therapy for allergic conjunctivitis has focused on developing synthetic molecules and biologics that can interfere with the process of the allergic immune reaction. SUMMARY This review discusses novel therapeutic receptors being explored agonistically or antagonistically to develop alternative treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis. These novel approaches hold promise for improving the management of allergic eye diseases, offering patients hope for more effective and safer treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampson L Abu
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Abdali SS, Yokoyama T, Yamamoto Y, Narita K, Hirakawa M, Saino T. Immunohistochemical analysis and distribution of epithelial mast cells in the rat larynx and trachea. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:287-297. [PMID: 39031197 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) in rat airways have been classified into two subtypes: epithelial MCs and connective tissue MCs (CTMCs). However, the immunohistochemical characteristics, cellular morphology, and distribution of epithelial MCs in the upper airways remain unclear. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics and distribution of epithelial MCs using 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and other immunohistochemical markers in sectioned or whole-mount preparations of the rat larynx and trachea. A double immunofluorescence analysis revealed the colocalization of 5-HT immunoreactivity with c-kit, a stem cell factor receptor commonly used as a MC marker, in both epithelial MCs and CTMCs. Dopa decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in 5-HT synthesis, was detected in both subtypes, suggesting their ability to synthesize and release 5-HT. Tryptase and histidine decarboxylase (a biosynthetic enzyme of histamine), which are well-known mediators of MCs, were exclusive to CTMCs. Epithelial MCs were pleomorphic with long cytoplasmic processes, whereas CTMCs were round and lacked cytoplasmic processes. The density of epithelial MCs was significantly higher in the glottis and cranial part of the trachea than in the epiglottis and other parts of the trachea. The present results showed that the morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of epithelial MCs were different from those of CTMCs in the rat larynx and trachea, and variform epithelial MCs were predominantly located at the entrance of the upper airways. Epithelial MCs may release 5-HT to regulate innate immune responses by modulating epithelial cell functions at the entrance gate of the upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sharif Abdali
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Keishi Narita
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masato Hirakawa
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saino
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
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3
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Yasir M, Park J, Han ET, Park WS, Han JH, Chun W. Identification of Potential Tryptase Inhibitors from FDA-Approved Drugs Using Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38820-38831. [PMID: 39310179 PMCID: PMC11411685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the innovative use of machine learning (ML) to identify novel tryptase inhibitors from a library of FDA-approved drugs, with subsequent confirmation via molecular docking and experimental validation. Tryptase, a significant mediator in inflammatory and allergic responses, presents a therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. However, the development of effective tryptase inhibitors has been challenging due to the enzyme's complex activation and regulation mechanisms. Utilizing a machine learning model, we screened an extensive FDA-approved drug library to identify potential tryptase inhibitors. The predicted compounds were then subjected to molecular docking to assess their binding affinity and conformation within the tryptase active site. Experimental validation was performed using RBL-2H3 cells, a rat basophilic leukemia cell line, where the efficacy of these compounds was evaluated based on their ability to inhibit tryptase activity and suppress β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine release. Our results demonstrated that several FDA-approved drugs, including landiolol, laninamivir, and cidofovir, significantly inhibited tryptase activity. Their efficacy was comparable to that of the FDA-approved mast cell stabilizer nedocromil and the investigational agent APC-366. These findings not only underscore the potential of ML in accelerating drug repurposing but also highlight the feasibility of this approach in identifying effective tryptase inhibitors. This research contributes to the field of drug discovery, offering a novel pathway to expedite the development of therapeutics for tryptase-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University
School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department
of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University
School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department
of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department
of Physiology, Kangwon National University
School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department
of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department
of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University
School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic
of Korea
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4
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Nair B, Kamath AJ, Tergaonkar V, Sethi G, Nath LR. Mast cells and the gut-liver Axis: Implications for liver disease progression and therapy. Life Sci 2024; 351:122818. [PMID: 38866220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The role of mast cells, traditionally recognized for their involvement in immediate hypersensitivity reactions, has garnered significant attention in liver diseases. Studies have indicated a notable increase in mast cell counts following hepatic injury, underscoring their potential contribution to liver disorder pathogenesis. Predominantly situated in connective tissue that envelops the hepatic veins, bile ducts, and arteries, mast cells are central to both initiating and perpetuating liver disorders. Additionally, they are crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal barrier function. The gut-liver axis emphasizes the complex, two-way communication between the gut microbiome and the liver. Past research has implicated gut microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of hepatic disorders. This review sheds light on how mast cells are activated in various liver conditions such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrogenesis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It also briefly explores the connection between the gut microbiome and mast cell activation in these hepatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India; Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Adithya Jayaprakash Kamath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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5
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Silva IF, Monteiro-Brás T, Araújo I, Caldeira B, Rua Coelho R, Rodrigues A, Fernandes I, Xavier Pires S, Cabral R. Beyond the Usual Suspects: Unraveling Spleen Mastocytosis in Hypersplenism Differential Diagnosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e67124. [PMID: 39156991 PMCID: PMC11330656 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) poses a diagnostic challenge. This hematologic disorder involves abnormal mast cell proliferation and concurrent tissue infiltration. SM clinical presentation is not uniform, with patients displaying a wide array of symptoms related to different organ infiltration and mast cell mediators. Splenomegaly, while not typical or specific to SM, might be present from an early stage to advanced stage, especially in the presence of thrombocytopenia. Early detection is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. We present an atypical case of SM with spleen involvement in a 63-year-old male patient with a history of persistent thrombocytopenia for five years. Upon splenectomy, histological findings were compatible with infiltration with mast cells. Remarkably, the patient showed improvement and did not require additional cytoreductive therapy. This case underlines the importance of recognizing this rare presentation and highlights the potential therapeutic role of splenectomy in aggressive SM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês Araújo
- Anatomical Pathology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Beatriz Caldeira
- Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Rui Rua Coelho
- Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Anatomical Pathology, Hicislab - Dr. Rodrigues Pereira Laboratório Anatomia Patológica, Porto, PRT
| | | | - Sara Xavier Pires
- Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, PRT
| | - Renata Cabral
- Hematology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, PRT
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6
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Quigley EMM, Noble O, Ansari U. The Suggested Relationships Between Common GI Symptoms and Joint Hypermobility, POTS, and MCAS. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2024; 20:479-489. [PMID: 39205953 PMCID: PMC11348541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports suggest an association between a newly recognized disease cluster and significant and often disabling gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This cluster is composed of diagnoses of hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs) such as joint hypermobility and hypermobile variant Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). The diagnosis of these entities remains a challenge, as the pathophysiology of each has not been completely elucidated and the diagnostic criteria continue to evolve. This article describes a cohort of young adult females who shared similar GI symptoms, with intractable nausea and vomiting being most prominent and gastroesophageal reflux disease and constipation also occurring. Most strikingly, these females also exhibited or reported a history of HSD, hEDS, POTS, and/or MCAS. The clinical course of their GI symptoms was remarkable for considerable challenges in management, and artificial nutritional support proved necessary for some. This article describes the clinical features and outcomes of their GI manifestations, examines how these manifestations might be linked to their systemic syndromes, and discusses whether a shared pathophysiology exists. Pending the definition of a common thread between these conditions, this article seeks to raise awareness of their clinical definitions and foster research that will hopefully improve outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M. M. Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Under wood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Oscar Noble
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Under wood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
| | - Usman Ansari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Under wood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
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7
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Omari S, Roded A, Eisenberg M, Ali H, Fukuda M, Galli SJ, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Mast cell secretory granule fusion with amphisomes coordinates their homotypic fusion and release of exosomes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114482. [PMID: 38985670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory granule (SG) fusion is an intermediate step in SG biogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of this process is not completely understood. We show that Golgi-derived mast cell (MC) SGs enlarge through a mechanism that is dependent on phosphoinositide (PI) remodeling and fusion with LC3+ late endosomes (amphisomes), which serve as hubs for the fusion of multiple individual SGs. Amphisome formation is regulated by the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN9, while the subsequent SG fusion event is additionally regulated by the tetraspanin protein CD63 and by PI4K. We also demonstrate that fusion with amphisomes imparts to SGs their capacity of regulated release of exosomes. Finally, we show that conversion of PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(4,5)P2 and the subsequent recruitment of dynamin stimulate SG fission. Our data unveil a key role for lipid-regulated interactions with the endocytic and autophagic systems in controlling the size and number of SGs and their capacity to release exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewar Omari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Roded
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maggie Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, and Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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8
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Traina G. Mast Cells in Human Health and Diseases 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6443. [PMID: 38928149 PMCID: PMC11203736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue collects some scientific pieces of the multifaceted research on the mast cell (MC), and it intends to highlight the broad spectrum of activity that MCs have, both in physiological conditions and in pathological states, focusing attention on some of them [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Romana, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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9
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Starshinova A, Borozinets A, Kulpina A, Sereda V, Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Kudlay D. Bronchial Asthma and COVID-19: Etiology, Pathological Triggers, and Therapeutic Considerations. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:269-287. [PMID: 38921725 PMCID: PMC11206645 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma (BA) continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose. Various factors have been described in the development of BA, but to date, there is no clear evidence for the etiology of this chronic disease. The emergence of COVID-19 has contributed to the pandemic course of asthma and immunologic features. However, there are no unambiguous data on asthma on the background and after COVID-19. There is correlation between various trigger factors that provoke the development of bronchial asthma. It is now obvious that the SARS-CoV-2 virus is one of the provoking factors. COVID-19 has affected the course of asthma. Currently, there is no clear understanding of whether asthma progresses during or after COVID-19 infection. According to the results of some studies, a significant difference was identified between the development of asthma in people after COVID-19. Mild asthma and moderate asthma do not increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, oral steroid treatment and hospitalization for severe BA were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the protective factors. It causes the development of severe bronchial asthma. The accumulated experience with omalizumab in patients with severe asthma during COVID-19, who received omalizumab during the pandemic, has strongly suggested that continued treatment with omalizumab is safe and may help prevent the severe course of COVID-19. Targeted therapy for asthma with the use of omalizumab may also help to reduce severe asthma associated with COVID-19. However, further studies are needed to prove the effect of omalizumab. Data analysis should persist, based on the results of the course of asthma after COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Borozinets
- Medical Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 197022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kulpina
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Sereda
- Medical Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem Rubinstein
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Khoury P, Wechsler JB. Role of Mast Cells in Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:311-327. [PMID: 38575226 PMCID: PMC11220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis. Their interactions with immune and structural cells, involvement in tissue remodeling, and contribution to symptoms make them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. More is being discovered regarding the intricate interplay of mast cells and eosinophils. Recent studies demonstrating that depletion of eosinophils is insufficient to improve symptoms of EGIDs have raised the question of whether other cells may play a role in symptomatology and pathogenesis of EGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paneez Khoury
- Human Eosinophil Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 12C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Simpson-Querrey 10-518, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 65, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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11
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Norrby K. On Connective Tissue Mast Cells as Protectors of Life, Reproduction, and Progeny. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4499. [PMID: 38674083 PMCID: PMC11050338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The connective tissue mast cell (MC), a sentinel tissue-residing secretory immune cell, has been preserved in all vertebrate classes since approximately 500 million years. No physiological role of the MC has yet been established. Considering the power of natural selection of cells during evolution, it is likely that the MCs exert essential yet unidentified life-promoting actions. All vertebrates feature a circulatory system, and the MCs interact readily with the vasculature. It is notable that embryonic MC progenitors are generated from endothelial cells. The MC hosts many surface receptors, enabling its activation via a vast variety of potentially harmful exogenous and endogenous molecules and via reproductive hormones in the female sex organs. Activated MCs release a unique composition of preformed and newly synthesized bioactive molecules, like heparin, histamine, serotonin, proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. MCs play important roles in immune responses, tissue remodeling, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, health, and reproduction. As recently suggested, MCs enable perpetuation of the vertebrates because of key effects-spanning generations-in ovulation and pregnancy, as in life-preserving activities in inflammation and wound healing from birth till reproductive age, thus creating a permanent life-sustaining loop. Here, we present recent advances that further indicate that the MC is a specific life-supporting and progeny-safeguarding cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Norrby
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Biology, Sahlgren Academy, University of Gothenburg, 7 Ostindiefararen, SE-417 65 Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Shastri M, Sharma M, Sharma K, Sharma A, Minz RW, Dogra S, Chhabra S. Cutaneous-immuno-neuro-endocrine (CINE) system: A complex enterprise transforming skin into a super organ. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15029. [PMID: 38429868 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin is now emerging as a complex realm of three chief systems viz. immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system. The cells involved in their intricate crosstalk, namely native skin cells, intra-cutaneous immune cells and cutaneous sensory neurons have diverse origin and distinct functions. However, recent studies have explored their role beyond their pre-defined functional boundaries, such that the cells shun their traditional functions and adopt unconventional roles. For example, the native skin cells, apart from providing for basic structural framework of skin, also perform special immune functions and participate in extensive neuro-endocrine circuitry, which were traditionally designated as functions of cutaneous resident immune cells and sensory neurons respectively. At the cellular level, this unique collaboration is brought out by special molecules called neuromediators including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, neurohormones and cytokines/chemokines. While this intricate crosstalk is essential for maintaining cutaneous homeostasis, its disruption is seen in various cutaneous diseases. Recent study models have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of pathophysiology of many such disorders. In this review, we have described in detail the interaction of immune cells with neurons and native skin cells, role of neuromediators, the endocrine aspect in skin and current understanding of cutaneous neuro-immuno-endocrine loop in one of the commonest skin diseases, psoriasis. An accurate knowledge of this unique crosstalk can prove crucial in understanding the pathophysiology of different skin diseases and allow for generation of targeted therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maryada Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Nehru Extension Block, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Chhabra
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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13
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Abud EM, White AA. Mast Cells in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:73-80. [PMID: 38217825 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a syndrome of high type 2 inflammation and is known to critically involve mast cell activation. The mast cell is an important cell in the baseline inflammatory processes in the upper and lower airway by maintaining and amplifying type 2 inflammation. But it also is prominent in the hypersensitivity reaction to COX-1 inhibition which defines this condition. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work highlights the mast cell as a focal point in AERD pathogenesis. Using AERD as a specific model of both high type 2 asthma and chronic sinusitis, the role of mast cell activity can be better understood in other aspects of airway inflammation. Further dissecting out the mechanism of COX-1-mediated mast cell activation in AERD will be an important next phase in our understanding of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity as well as AERD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edsel M Abud
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, San Diego, USA
| | - Andrew A White
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, USA.
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14
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Xia M, Liu W, Hou F. Mast cell in infantile hemangioma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1304478. [PMID: 38313798 PMCID: PMC10834664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1304478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor characterized by three phases - proliferation, early involution and late involution. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in allergic reactions and numerous diseases, including tumors. While the mechanisms underlying MCs migration, activation and function in the life cycle of IH remain unclear, previous studies suggested that MCs circulate through the vasculature and migrate into IH, and subsequently mature and get activated. Estradiol (E2) emerges as a potential attractant for MC migration into IH and their subsequent activation. In various stages of IH, activated MCs secrete both proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic modulators, absorbed by various cells adjacent to them. Imbalances in these modulators may contribute to IH proliferation and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Hou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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15
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Tsukada A, Takata K, Aikawa J, Iwase D, Mukai M, Uekusa Y, Metoki Y, Inoue G, Miyagi M, Takaso M, Uchida K. Association between High HbA1c Levels and Mast Cell Phenotype in the Infrapatellar Fat Pad of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:877. [PMID: 38255949 PMCID: PMC10815720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested as a potential risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) contributes to OA through inflammatory mediator secretion. Mast cells' (MCs) role in diabetic IPFP pathology is unclear. In 156 KOA patients, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was stratified (HbA1c ≥ 6.5, n = 28; HbA1c < 6.5, n = 128). MC markers (TPSB2, CPA3) in IPFP were studied. Propensity-matched cohorts (n = 27 each) addressed demographic differences. MC-rich fraction (MC-RF) and MC-poor fraction (MC-PF) were isolated, comparing MC markers and genes elevated in diabetic skin-derived MC (PAXIP1, ARG1, HAS1, IL3RA). TPSB2 and CPA3 expression were significantly higher in HbA1c ≥ 6.5 vs. <6.5, both before and after matching. MC-RF showed higher TPSB2 and CPA3 expression than MC-PF in both groups. In the HbA1c ≥ 6.5 group, PAXIP1 and ARG1 expression were significantly higher in the MC-RF than MC-PF. However, no statistical difference in the evaluated genes was detected between the High and Normal groups in the MC-RF. Elevated TPSB2 and CPA3 levels in the IPFP of high HbA1c patients likely reflect higher numbers of MCs in the IPFP, though no difference was found in MC-specific markers on a cell-to-cell basis, as shown in the MC-RF comparison. These findings deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between diabetes and KOA, guiding targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Tsukada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Ken Takata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Jun Aikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Dai Iwase
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Manabu Mukai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yui Uekusa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yukie Metoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Minami-ku Kitasato, Sagamihara City 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (J.A.); (D.I.); (M.M.); (Y.U.); (Y.M.); (G.I.); (M.M.); (M.T.)
- Shonan University Medical Sciences Research Institute, Nishikubo 500, Chigasaki City 253-0083, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Yalçın MB, Bora ES, Erbaş O. The Effect of Liraglutide on Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Lesion. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:327-339. [PMID: 38248323 PMCID: PMC10814355 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries inflict severe consequences, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the potential of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in mitigating the consequences of peripheral nerve injury. The existing treatment methods for such injuries underscore the importance of ongoing translational research efforts. Thirty adult Wistar rats underwent sciatic nerve dissection and repair surgery. The nerves were surgically transected using micro scissors at a precise location located 1.5 cm proximal to the trifurcation site. The study included a control group and two experimental groups, one treated with saline (placebo group) and the other with liraglutide (experimental group) for 12 weeks. Motor function, electromyography (EMG), and biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed after 12 weeks of treatment. Electrophysiological assessments revealed that liraglutide improved the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and motor function compared to the saline-treated group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated increased NGF expression, total axon number, and diameter and reduced fibrosis in the liraglutide group. Biochemical analyses illustrated liraglutide's antioxidative properties, evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Galectin-3 levels were suppressed and GDF-11 levels were modulated by liraglutide, indicating anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Liraglutide is a promising therapeutic intervention for peripheral nerve injuries, promoting functional recovery and histopathological improvement. Its multifaceted positive impact, beyond glycemic control, suggests constructive effects on the acute and chronic inflammatory processes associated with peripheral neuropathy. These findings warrant further research to elucidate molecular mechanisms and facilitate clinical translation. The study contributes valuable insights to the growing understanding of GLP-1 receptor agonists' neuroprotective properties in the context of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Burak Yalçın
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bahcelievler Memorial Hospital, Istanbul 34180, Türkiye;
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Izmir 35360, Türkiye
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul 34180, Türkiye;
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17
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Palmer RF, Dempsey TT, Afrin LB. Chemical Intolerance and Mast Cell Activation: A Suspicious Synchronicity. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:704-718. [PMID: 37987446 PMCID: PMC10660865 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical Intolerance (CI) is characterized by intolerances for chemicals, foods, and drugs with multi-system symptoms. As yet, the biomechanism remains unclear. One study reported converging lines of evidence supporting a substantive association between mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and CI. The purpose of this study is to (1) confirm a previous report demonstrating that 60% of MCAS patients report CI and (2) examine the parallels between symptoms and intolerances in CI and MCAS. Methods: Five hundred forty-four MCAS patients were assigned a clinical MCAS score using a validated assessment instrument and were assessed for CI using the validated Quick Environmental Exposure Sensitivity Index. Results: Our outcomes confirm the previously published study where the majority of MCAS patients also have CI. There was a clear overlap between various ICD-10 diagnostic categories and CI symptoms, providing further support for a potential shared mechanism. Conclusions: Exposures to pesticides, volatile organic compounds, combustion products, and mold have previously been reported as initiators of CI. However, until recently, little was known about the biological mechanism involved that could explain the multisystem symptoms associated with CI. This paper addresses a newly identified biomechanism for disease, which may underlie a host of "medically unexplained symptoms" triggered by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Tania T Dempsey
- AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
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