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Zhuang Y, Guo W, Cui K, Tu Y, Diao Q, Zhang N, Bi Y, Ma T. Altered microbiota, antimicrobial resistance genes, and functional enzyme profiles in the rumen of yak calves fed with milk replacer. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0131423. [PMID: 38014976 PMCID: PMC10871699 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01314-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Yaks, as ruminants inhabiting high-altitude environments, possess a distinct rumen microbiome and are resistant to extreme living conditions. This study investigated the microbiota, resistome, and functional gene profiles in the rumen of yaks fed milk or milk replacer (MR), providing insights into the regulation of the rumen microbiome and the intervention of antimicrobial resistance in yaks through dietary methods. The abundance of Prevotella members increased significantly in response to MR. Tetracycline resistance was the most predominant. The rumen of yaks contained multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) originating from different bacteria, which could be driven by MR, and these ARGs displayed intricate and complex interactions. MR also induced changes in functional genes. The enzymes associated with fiber degradation and butyrate metabolism were activated and showed close correlations with Prevotella members and butyrate concentration. This study allows us to deeply understand the ruminal microbiome and ARGs of yaks and their relationship with rumen bacteria in response to different milk sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Morina JC, Franklin RB. Drivers of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Abundance in an Urban River. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1270. [PMID: 37627690 PMCID: PMC10451346 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to profile the abundances and drivers of antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river impacted by combined sewage overflow (CSO) events. Water samples were collected weekly during the summer for two years; then, quantitative PCR was applied to determine the abundance of resistance genes associated with tetracycline, quinolones, and β-lactam antibiotics. In addition to sampling a CSO-impacted site near the city center, we also sampled a less urban site ~12 km upstream with no proximal sewage inputs. The tetracycline genes tetO and tetW were rarely found upstream, but were common at the CSO-impacted site, suggesting that the primary source was untreated sewage. In contrast, ampC was detected in all samples indicating a more consistent and diffuse source. The two other genes, qnrA and blaTEM, were present in only 40-50% of samples and showed more nuanced spatiotemporal patterns consistent with upstream agricultural inputs. The results of this study highlight the complex sources of ARGs in urban riverine ecosystems, and that interdisciplinary collaborations across diverse groups of stakeholders are necessary to combat the emerging threat of antibiotic resistance through anthropogenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Morina
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Rima B Franklin
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Rovira P. Short-Term Impact of Oxytetracycline Administration on the Fecal Microbiome, Resistome and Virulome of Grazing Cattle. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030470. [PMID: 36978337 PMCID: PMC10044027 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern around the world. Limited information exists about AMR in grasslands-based systems where antibiotics are seldom used in beef cattle. The present study investigated the impacts of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the microbiome, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in grazing steers with no previous exposure to antibiotic treatments. Four steers were injected with a single dose of OTC (TREAT), and four steers were kept as control (CONT). The effects of OTC on fecal microbiome, ARGs, and VFGs were assessed for 14 days using 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Alpha and beta microbiome diversities were significantly affected by OTC. Following treatment, less than 8% of bacterial genera had differential abundance between CONT and TREAT samples. Seven ARGs conferring resistance to tetracycline (tet32, tet40, tet44, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and tetW/N/W) increased their abundance in the post-TREAT samples compared to CONT samples. In addition, OTC use was associated with the enrichment of macrolide and lincosamide ARGs (mel and lnuC, respectively). The use of OTC had no significant effect on VFGs. In conclusion, OTC induced short-term alterations of the fecal microbiome and enrichment of ARGs in the feces of grazing beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rovira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA Uruguay), Treinta y Tres 33000, Uruguay
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Evaluating Ruminal and Small Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Composition of Calves Fed a Macleaya cordata Extract Preparation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010054. [PMID: 36611664 PMCID: PMC9817497 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the impact of feeding MCE on ruminal and intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of calves. A total of 10 male and 10 female crossbred (dairy × beef) calves (6 d of age) were assigned randomly to control (CTL; n = 10) or MCE-supplemented (TRT; n = 10) groups. The MCE was fed in the milk replacer and top-dressed on the calf starter during pre-weaning (6 to 49 d) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d) periods, respectively. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d to collect rumen and intestinal samples to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, mucosal morphology, and microbiota composition. The effects of MCE were analyzed by accounting for the sex and breed effects. Feeding MCE increased rumen papillae length (p = 0.010) and intestinal villus height: crypt depth (p < 0.030) compared to CTL but did not affect rumen VFA profile. The TRT had a negligible impact on microbial community composition in both the rumen and the jejunum. In conclusion, feeding MCE from birth through weaning can improve ruminal and small intestinal mucosa development of calves despite the negligible microbiota composition changes observed post-weaning.
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An Evaluation of Nutritional and Therapeutic Factors Affecting Pre-Weaned Calf Health and Welfare, and Direct-Fed Microbials as a Potential Alternative for Promoting Performance—A Review. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The priority for calf rearing has been to maintain good health and welfare in order to promote and sustain future production. However, there have been numerous reports of undesirable levels of morbidity and mortality amongst pre-weaned calves. This may be mitigated or exacerbated by nutritional management practices. Some areas of concern include colostrum feeding, utilization of waste milk, and restrictive milk feeding regimes. Antibiotics may be prescribed at lethal or sub-inhibitory doses to treat or prevent disease. However, extensive antibiotic use may disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota and aid in expanding the antibiotic resistant gene pool. In an attempt to reduce the use of antibiotics, there is a demand to find alternative performance enhancers. Direct-fed microbials, also known as probiotics, may comply with this role. A DFM consists of live microorganisms that are biologically active and able to confer health benefits onto the host. Lactic acid bacteria have been the most frequently investigated; however, this field of research has expanded to include spore-forming bacteria and live yeast preparations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional management strategies that may increase a calf’s susceptibility to morbidity and mortality, the efficacy and sustainability of antibiotics as a tool for managing calf health and welfare, and the potential for DFMs as a supportive strategy for promoting calf wellbeing.
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Kormos D, Lin K, Pruden A, Marr LC. Critical review of antibiotic resistance genes in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:870-883. [PMID: 35638569 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a critical review to establish what is known about the sources, characteristics, and dissemination of ARGs in the atmosphere. We identified 52 papers that reported direct measurements of bacterial ARGs in air samples and met other inclusion criteria. The settings of the studies fell into the following categories: urban, rural, hospital, industrial, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), composting and landfill sites, and indoor environments. Certain genes were commonly studied and generally abundant: sul1, intI1, β-lactam ARGs, and tetracycline ARGs. Abundances of total ARGs varied by season and setting, with air in urban areas having higher ARG abundance than rural areas during the summer and vice versa during the winter. There was greater consistency in the types and abundances of ARGs throughout the seasons in urban areas. Human activity within indoor environments was also linked to increased ARG content (abundance, diversity, and concentration) in the air. Several studies found that human exposure to ARGs through inhalation was comparable to exposure through drinking water or ingesting soil. Detection of ARGs in air is a developing field, and differences in sampling and analysis methods reflect the many possible approaches to studying ARGs in air and make direct comparisons between studies difficult. Methodologies need to be standardized to facilitate identification of the dominant ARGs in the air, determine their major sources, and quantify the role of atmospheric transport in dissemination of ARGs in the environment. With such knowledge we can develop better policies and guidelines to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kormos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Kaisen Lin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Amy Pruden
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Burch TR, Firnstahl AD, Spencer SK, Larson RA, Borchardt MA. Fate and seasonality of antimicrobial resistance genes during full-scale anaerobic digestion of cattle manure across seven livestock production facilities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:352-363. [PMID: 35388483 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion has been suggested as an intervention to attenuate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock manure but supporting data have typically been collected at laboratory scale. Few studies have quantified ARG fate during full-scale digestion of livestock manure. We sampled untreated manure and digestate from seven full-scale mesophilic dairy manure digesters to assess ARG fate through each system. Samples were collected biweekly from December through August (i.e., winter, spring, and summer; n = 235 total) and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for intI1, erm(B), sul1, tet(A), and tet(W). Concentrations of intI1, sul1, and tet(A) decreased during anaerobic digestion, but their removal was less extensive than expected based on previous laboratory studies. Removal for intI1 during anaerobic digestion equaled 0.28 ± 0.03 log10 units (mean ± SE), equivalent to only 48% removal and notable given intI1's role in horizontal gene transfer and multiple resistance. Furthermore, tet(W) concentrations were unchanged during anaerobic digestion (p > 0.05), and erm(B) concentrations increased by 0.52 ± 0.03 log10 units (3.3-fold), which is important given erythromycin's status as a critically important antibiotic for human medicine. Seasonal log10 changes in intI1, sul1, and tet(A) concentrations were ≥50% of corresponding log10 removals by anaerobic digestion, and variation in ARG and intI1 concentrations among digesters was quantitatively comparable to anaerobic digestion effects. These results suggest that mesophilic anaerobic digestion may be limited as an intervention for ARGs in livestock manure and emphasize the need for multiple farm-level interventions to attenuate antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker R Burch
- USDA-ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (an interagency laboratory supported by USDA-ARS and USGS), 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Aaron D Firnstahl
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (an interagency laboratory supported by USDA-ARS and USGS), 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- USGS, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Susan K Spencer
- USDA-ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (an interagency laboratory supported by USDA-ARS and USGS), 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Rebecca A Larson
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 232C Agricultural Engineering Building, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark A Borchardt
- USDA-ARS, Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management Research Unit, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (an interagency laboratory supported by USDA-ARS and USGS), 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
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Haubert L, Maia DSV, Rauber Würfel SDF, Vaniel C, da Silva WP. Virulence genes and sanitizers resistance in Salmonella isolates from eggs in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1097-1103. [PMID: 35153327 PMCID: PMC8814091 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. causes foodborne diseases related to the consumption of contaminated foods, especially poultry products. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. serovars in raw eggs from supermarkets and street food markets in southern Brazil, to analyze virulence genes, resistance profiling to antimicrobials and sanitizers, and to determine the susceptibility of the isolates to Butia odorata extract. Among 160 samples analyzed, just two (1.25%) were positive for Salmonella spp.. One positive sample was from egg yolk (S. enterica serovar Gallinarum, isolate S28), and another one was from eggshell (S. enterica serovar Panama, isolate S37). Regarding the virulence genes, the isolate S37 harbored all the genes evaluated (hilA, invA, spvC, sefA, and pefA), while the isolate S28 did not harbor the pefA gene. The isolate S28 was resistant to tobramycin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim, while the isolate S37 showed resistance profile just to nalidixic acid. However, none of the resistance genes evaluated were identified. Both isolates showed resistance to benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate, sodium hypochlorite, and peracetic acid, presenting high MIC values for these sanitizers. In contrast, B. odorata extract showed antimicrobial activity against the isolates S28 and S37, however, more studies are needed to prove its potential as a natural antimicrobial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência E Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Darla Silveira Volcan Maia
- Departamento de Ciência E Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Vaniel
- Departamento de Ciência E Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência E Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
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Vieira SDF, Coelho SG, Diniz Neto HDC, de Sá HCM, Pereira BP, Albuquerque BSF, Machado FS, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Renhe IRT, Campos MM. Effects of Bulk Tank Milk, Waste Milk, and Pasteurized Waste Milk on the Intake, Ruminal Parameters, Blood Parameters, Health, and Performance of Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123552. [PMID: 34944327 PMCID: PMC8697870 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Waste milk (WM) is commonly used in the feeding of calves. Due to its legal prohibition in commercialization, the destination of WM has become an environmental issue for dairy farms. Many dairy farms pasteurize WM, focusing on reducing the microbial load and related sanitary challenges. However, pasteurized milk may still contain toxins of bacterial origin, spores, and antibiotic residues. Few studies have evaluated the effects of whole milk, WM, and pasteurized WM (PWM) on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, and performance of dairy calves. In our study, feeding WM or PWM did not show significant negative effects on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, or performance of dairy calves. Understanding the effects of using WM and PWM on the health and performance of dairy calves requires further investigation. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bulk tank milk (BTM), WM, and PWM on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, and performance of dairy calves. Forty-five male crossbred dairy calves (Gyr × Holstein) were used. On their fourth day of age, animals were grouped according to body weight, serum protein levels, and genetic composition. Three treatments were assessed: BTM (n = 15), WM from cows in antibiotic treatment (n = 15), and PWM via high-temperature, short-time pasteurization (72–74 °C for 16 s) (n = 15). During the experimental period (from 4 to 60 d of age), animals were fed 6 L of milk/d, divided into two equal meals. Water and concentrate were provided ad libitum. Daily measurements were made for milk, concentrate, and water intakes, as well as for fecal and respiratory scores. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled weekly. The following parameters were evaluated: volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia-N in rumen fluid, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose in blood. Animals were weighed at birth, 4 d of age, and weekly up to 60 d of age. At the end of the experimental period (60 ± 1 d), all animals were euthanized for pulmonary evaluation. The randomized complete design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice for testing the hypothesis of the treatment’s effect on all evaluated outcomes. Animals in the BTM treatment had higher milk dry matter intake (DMI), followed by WM and PWM calves. Concentrate DMI was lower for BTM in comparison to WM and PWM calves. However, total DMI showed no significant differences between treatments. The rumen fluid from calves receiving PWM had higher concentrations of acetate and propionate than that of BTM and WM animals. No differences were observed between treatments for blood glucose and BHB concentrations. Health parameters (fecal and respiratory scores) and pneumonia occurrence showed no significant difference between treatments. No differences were observed for average daily gain (ADG) or body growth. Feeding WM and PWM did not show significant negative effects on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, or performance of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Freitas Vieira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Sandra Gesteira Coelho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Hilton do Carmo Diniz Neto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Hemily Cristina Menezes de Sá
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Barbara Pironi Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Bianca Souza Ferreira Albuquerque
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Fernanda Samarini Machado
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Thierry Ribeiro Tomich
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Isis Rodrigues Toledo Renhe
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Juiz de Fora 36045-560, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Impact of Antibiotic Therapies on Resistance Genes Dynamic and Composition of the Animal Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113280. [PMID: 34828011 PMCID: PMC8614244 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are major disruptors of the gastrointestinal microbiota, depleting bacterial species beneficial for the host health and favoring the emergence of potential pathogens. Furthermore, the intestine is a reactor of antibiotic resistance emergence, and the presence of antibiotics exacerbates the selection of resistant bacteria that can disseminate in the environment and propagate to further hosts. We reviewed studies analyzing the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota and antibiotic resistance conducted on animals, focusing on the main food-producing and companion animals. Irrespective of antibiotic classes and animal hosts, therapeutic dosage decreased species diversity and richness favoring the bloom of potential enteropathogens and the selection of antibiotic resistance. These negative effects of antibiotic therapies seem ineluctable but often were mitigated when an antibiotic was administered by parenteral route. Sub-therapeutic dosages caused the augmentation of taxa involved in sugar metabolism, suggesting a link with weight gain. This result should not be interpreted positively, considering that parallel information on antibiotic resistance selection was rarely reported and selection of antibiotic resistance is known to occur also at low antibiotic concentration. However, studies on the effect of antibiotics as growth promoters put the basis for understanding the gut microbiota composition and function in this situation. This knowledge could inspire alternative strategies to antibiotics, such as probiotics, for improving animal performance. This review encompasses the analysis of the main animal hosts and all antibiotic classes, and highlights the future challenges and gaps of knowledge that should be filled. Further studies are necessary for elucidating pharmacodynamics in animals in order to improve therapy duration, antibiotic dosages, and administration routes for mitigating negative effects of antibiotic therapies. Furthermore, this review highlights that studies on aminoglycosides are almost inexistent, and they should be increased, considering that aminoglycosides are the first most commonly used antibiotic family in companion animals. Harmonization of experimental procedures is necessary in this research field. In fact, current studies are based on different experimental set-up varying for antibiotic dosage, regimen, administration, and downstream microbiota analysis. In the future, shotgun metagenomics coupled with long-reads sequencing should become a standard experimental approach enabling to gather comprehensive knowledge on GIM in terms of composition and taxonomic functions, and of ARGs. Decorticating GIM in animals will unveil revolutionary strategies for medication and improvement of animals' health status, with positive consequences on global health.
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Early Life Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neonatal Dairy Calves Promotes Growth Performance and Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092704. [PMID: 34573670 PMCID: PMC8471931 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early life fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the health and performance of neonatal dairy calves. The donor was selected based on health and production records and fecal material testing negative for infectious pathogens. Sixteen healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomized to either a baseline nutritional program (CON) or 1×/d inoculations with 25 g of fecal donor material (FMT) mixed in the milk replacer (n = 8/TRT) from 8 to 12 days of age. Blood and fecal samples were collected weekly, and calves were weaned at 7 weeks of age. A TRT × Week interaction was observed in haptoglobin, which was reflected in a positive quadratic effect in FMT calves but not in CON. A trend for a TRT × Week interaction was observed in the liver function biomarker paraoxonase, which resulted in greater paraoxonase in FMT calves than CON at three weeks of age. Fecal microbial community analysis revealed a significant increase in the alpha-diversity between week 1 and week 5 for the FMT calves. These results suggest that early life FMT in neonatal calves has positive effects in mediating the inflammatory response and gut microbial maturation.
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The Antibiotic Treatment of Calf Diarrhea in Four European Countries: A Survey. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080910. [PMID: 34438960 PMCID: PMC8388724 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal calves are commonly affected by diarrhea caused by different pathogens, but not always bacteria. Yet, antibiotics are routinely used as a treatment to an unknown extent. It was our goal to survey antibiotic use for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea in different countries and to identify influencing factors. A total of 873 farmers and veterinarians in Austria, Belgium, Portugal, and Scotland participated in a voluntary online survey. The data were analyzed using classification and regression tree analyses and chi2 tests. Overall, 52.5% of the participants stated that they use antibiotics when treating neonatal calf diarrhea. Of those, 27% use them always, and 45% use highest priority critically important antibiotics. The most important factor differentiating antibiotic use practices was the country the participants were from, which could be due to regulatory differences between the countries. All antibiotic products stated were licensed for use in cattle, but several were not licensed for the treatment of diarrhea in calves. Our study shows that there is an urgent need for more scientific evidence to define best practices for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. Furthermore, consensual criteria for antibiotic therapy must be defined, and targeted training for farmers and veterinarians must be provided.
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13
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Penati M, Sala G, Biscarini F, Boccardo A, Bronzo V, Castiglioni B, Cremonesi P, Moroni P, Pravettoni D, Addis MF. Feeding Pre-weaned Calves With Waste Milk Containing Antibiotic Residues Is Related to a Higher Incidence of Diarrhea and Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650150. [PMID: 34307516 PMCID: PMC8298036 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cows receiving antibiotics for intra-mammary infection (IMI) produce milk that cannot be marketed. This is considered waste milk (WM), and a convenient option for farmers is using it as calf food. However, adding to the risk of selecting resistant bacteria, residual antibiotics might interfere with the gut microbiome development and influence gastrointestinal health. We assessed the longitudinal effect of unpasteurized WM containing residual cefalexin on calf intestinal health and fecal microbiota in an 8-week trial. After 3 days of colostrum, six calves received WM and six calves received bulk tank milk (BM) for 2 weeks. For the following 6 weeks, all 12 calves received milk substitute and starter feed. Every week for the first 2 weeks and every 2 weeks for the remaining 6 weeks, we subjected all calves to clinical examination and collected rectal swabs for investigating the fecal microbiota composition. Most WM calves had diarrhea episodes in the first 2 weeks of the trial (5/6 WM and 1/6 BM), and their body weight was significantly lower than that of BM calves. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, WM calves had a lower fecal microbiota alpha diversity than that in BM calves, with the lowest p-value at Wk4 (p < 0.02), 2 weeks after exposure to WM. The fecal microbiota beta diversity of the two calf groups was also significantly different at Wk4 (p < 0.05). Numerous significant differences were present in the fecal microbiota taxonomy of WM and BM calves in terms of relative normalized operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels, affecting five phyla, seven classes, eight orders, 19 families, and 47 genera. At the end of the trial, when 6 weeks had passed since exposure to WM, the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Saccharibacteria were lower, while Chlamydiae were higher in WM calves. Notably, WM calves showed a decrease in beneficial taxa such as Faecalibacterium, with a concomitant increase in potential pathogens such as Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, and Chlamydophila spp. In conclusion, feeding pre-weaned calves with unpasteurized WM containing antibiotics is related to a higher incidence of neonatal diarrhea and leads to significant changes in the fecal microbiota composition, further discouraging this practice in spite of its short-term economic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Penati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulia Sala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Boccardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Davide Pravettoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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14
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Schalich KM, Reiff OM, Nguyen BT, Lamb CL, Mondoza CR, Selvaraj V. Temporal kinetics of bovine mammary IgG secretion into colostrum and transition milk. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6170618. [PMID: 33715013 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal calf survival and health is predominantly dependent on sufficient consumption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the resulting transfer of passive immunity (TPI). In this study, we investigate the potential for continued IgG secretion and temporal kinetics of mammary IgG output in sequential milkings performed at 0, 4, 16, 28, 40, and 52 hr postcalving in Holstein dairy cows. For colostrum (0 hr), we also scrutinize the relationships between IgG concentration, volume, refractometer readings (˚Bx values, Brix) and concentration of sugars (lactose and glucose). Mammary transcripts postpartum (0 hr) indicated that active IgG secretion continues beyond the first milking (colostrum; n = 4 to 5). IgG measurements at the different timepoints indicated that colostrum represents only 25.1% of the total IgG produced across the 6 sequential milking timepoints, with a substantial 48.9% being secreted into transition milk over the next 3 timepoints (4-, 6-, and 28-hr) combined. The differences on the basis of IgG concentrations across 0-, 4-, and 16-hr milking timepoints were not statistically significant (P = 0.1522; n = 9). For colostrum, volume remained highly variable, even with induced let-down prior to milking (n = 27). Nonetheless, colostrum IgG secretion was significantly co-regulated with volume (R2 = 0.915; P < 0.001; n = 18), an association that was stronger than that measured for lactose (R2 = 0.803; P < 0.001; n = 18) and glucose (R2 = 0.467; P = 0.002; n = 17). Comparing colostrum ˚Bx values to absolute IgG concentrations showed no correlation (R2 = 0.127; P = 0.07; n = 27); biochemical separation of colostrum components indicated that both proteins and nonprotein solutes could affect ˚Bx values (P < 0.0001 for both; n = 5). This suggests that ˚Bx values do not reasonably indicate IgG concentration to serve as a measure of "colostrum quality." Additionally, our finding that early transition milk (4-, 6-, and 28-hr) can contribute substantially more IgG than colostrum forces a rethink of existing feeding paradigms and means to maximize TPI in calves. Collectively, our results reveal the remarkable value of early transition milk and caveats to colostrum assessments that could advance application in enhancing neonatal calf health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Schalich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Olivia M Reiff
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Blake T Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary, Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cassandra L Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cecilia R Mondoza
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Zalewska M, Błażejewska A, Czapko A, Popowska M. Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Animal Manure - Consequences of Its Application in Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:610656. [PMID: 33854486 PMCID: PMC8039466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.610656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a relatively new type of pollutant. The rise in antibiotic resistance observed recently is closely correlated with the uncontrolled and widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture and the treatment of humans and animals. Resistant bacteria have been identified in soil, animal feces, animal housing (e.g., pens, barns, or pastures), the areas around farms, manure storage facilities, and the guts of farm animals. The selection pressure caused by the irrational use of antibiotics in animal production sectors not only promotes the survival of existing antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also the development of new resistant forms. One of the most critical hot-spots related to the development and dissemination of ARGs is livestock and poultry production. Manure is widely used as a fertilizer thanks to its rich nutrient and organic matter content. However, research indicates that its application may pose a severe threat to human and animal health by facilitating the dissemination of ARGs to arable soil and edible crops. This review examines the pathogens, potentially pathogenic microorganisms and ARGs which may be found in animal manure, and evaluates their effect on human health through their exposure to soil and plant resistomes. It takes a broader view than previous studies of this topic, discussing recent data on antibiotic use in farm animals and the effect of these practices on the composition of animal manure; it also examines how fertilization with animal manure may alter soil and crop microbiomes, and proposes the drivers of such changes and their consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błażejewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapko
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Popowska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Congilosi JL, Aga DS. Review on the fate of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance genes, and other micropollutants in manure during enhanced anaerobic digestion and composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:123634. [PMID: 33153790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While manure has been used as nutrient-rich fertilizer for centuries, anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure has only been recognized recently as a promising renewable energy source for producing methane-rich biogas. Various forms of AD have been evaluated for the removal of manure contaminants, such as antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), hormones, and pesticides that pose risks to human health and the environment. Increasing demand for cleaner energy prompts examination of the fate of manure contaminants in conventional and advanced AD techniques. This review reveals that removal of contaminants differs based on type (e.g. antimicrobials vs hormones) or class (e.g. tetracyclines vs sulfonamides) of chemicals being treated. Increasingly, pre-treatment techniques are incorporated into AD systems to enhance biogas production and degrade manure contaminants. For instance, activated carbon with microwave pretreatment removed 87-95% of ARGs. Advanced anaerobic digestion and solid-state anaerobic digestion reduced various ARGs associated with sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. Further, total hormone reduction improved using high-temperature pretreatment prior to mesophilic AD. Finally, several studies revealed partial removal of antimicrobials and ARGs during managed composting. Although AD can independently decrease manure contaminants prior to use as fertilizer, augmenting AD with composting and other physical treatment processes can further enhance their removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena L Congilosi
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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17
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Amin N, Seifert J. Dynamic progression of the calf's microbiome and its influence on host health. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:989-1001. [PMID: 33613865 PMCID: PMC7868804 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first year of a calf's life is a critical phase as its digestive system and immunity are underdeveloped. A high level of stress caused by separation from mothers, transportation, antibiotic treatments, dietary shifts, and weaning can have long-lasting health effects, which can reduce future production parameters, such as milk yield and reproduction, or even increase the mortality of calves. The early succession of microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal calves follows a sequential pattern of colonisation and is greatly influenced by their physiological state, age, diet, and environmental factors; this leads to the establishment of region- and site-specific microbial communities. This review summarises the current information on the various potential factors that may affect the early life microbial colonisation pattern in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. The possible role of host-microbe interactions in the development and maturation of host gut, immune system, and health are described. Additionally, the possibility of improving the health of calves through gut microbiome modulation and using antimicrobial alternatives is discussed. Finally, the trends, challenges, and limitations of the current research are summarised and prospective directions for future studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Amin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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The Effects of Feeding Waste Milk Containing Antimicrobial Residues on Dairy Calf Health. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020112. [PMID: 33499385 PMCID: PMC7911522 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have reported that there is a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant faecal bacteria excreted by dairy calves. Although faecal shedding is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the environment and calf age, feeding milk with antimicrobial residues contributes significantly to an increased prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. As a follow-up to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Scientific Opinion on the risk of AMR development in dairy calves published in January 2017, this review aims to illustrate more recent research in this area, focusing on the period 2016 to 2020. A total of 19 papers are reviewed here. The vast majority assess the commensal faecal bacteria, E. coli, isolated from dairy calves, in particular its antimicrobial-resistant forms such as ESBL-producing E. coli and AmpC-producing E. coli. The effect of waste milk feeding on the prevalence of pathogens such as Salmonella spp. has also been investigated. Current research findings include positive effects on daily liveweight gain and other advantages for calf health from feeding waste milk compared to milk replacer. However, the negative effects, such as the demonstrable selection for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, the shift in the intestinal microbiome and the possible negative consequences that these could have on global public health, should always be taken into consideration.
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19
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Inulin Fermentation by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria from Dairy Calves. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.01738-20. [PMID: 33008824 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01738-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are increasingly examined for their ability to modulate the neonate gut microbiota of livestock, and products such as inulin are commonly added to milk replacer used in calving. However, the ability of specific members of the bovine neonate microbiota to respond to inulin remains to be determined, particularly among indigenous lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, beneficial genera commonly enriched by inulin. Screening of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus isolates obtained from fresh feces of dairy calves revealed that lactobacilli had a higher prevalence of inulin fermentation capacity (58%) than bifidobacteria (17%). Several Ligilactobacillus agilis (synonym Lactobacillus agilis) isolates exhibited vigorous growth on, and complete degradation of, inulin; however, the phenotype was strain specific. The most vigorous inulin-fermenting strain, L. agilis YZ050, readily degraded long-chain inulin not consumed by bifidobacterial isolates. Comparative genomic analysis of both L. agilis fermenter and nonfermenter strains indicated that strain YZ050 encodes an inulinase homolog, previously linked to extracellular degradation of long-chain inulin in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, that was strongly induced during growth on inulin. Inulin catabolism by YZ050 also generates extracellular fructose, which can cross-feed other non-inulin-fermenting lactic acid bacteria isolated from the same bovine feces. The presence of specific inulin-responsive bacterial strains within calf gut microbiome provides a mechanistic rationale for enrichment of specific lactobacilli and creates a foundation for future synbiotic applications in dairy calves aimed at improving health in early life.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome plays an important role in animal health and is increasingly recognized as a target for diet-based manipulation. Inulin is a common prebiotic routinely added to animal feeds; however, the mechanism of inulin consumption by specific beneficial taxa in livestock is ill defined. In this study, we examined Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates from calves fed inulin-containing milk replacer and characterized specific strains that robustly consume long-chain inulin. In particular, novel Ligilactobacillus agilis strain YZ050 consumed inulin via an extracellular fructosidase, resulting in complete consumption of all long-chain inulin. Inulin catabolism resulted in temporal release of extracellular fructose, which can promote growth of other non-inulin-consuming strains of lactic acid bacteria. This work provides the mechanistic insight needed to purposely modulate the calf gut microbiome via the establishment of networks of beneficial microbes linked to specific prebiotics.
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20
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Zhao H, Sun R, Yu P, Alvarez PJJ. High levels of antibiotic resistance genes and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria indicators in urban wild bird feces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115200. [PMID: 32663725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed fresh feces from three common bird species that live in urban environments and interact with human communities. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to three major classes of antibiotics (i.e., tetracyclines, β-lactams, and sulfonamides) and the mobile genetic element integrase gene (intI1) were abundant (up to 109, 108, 109, and 1010 copies/g dry feces for tetW, blaTEM, sul1, and intI1, respectively), with relative concentrations surprisingly comparable to that in poultry and livestock that are occasionally fed antibiotics. Biomarkers for opportunistic pathogens were also abundant (up to 107 copies/g dry feces) and the dominant isolates (i.e., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) harbored both ARGs and virulence genes. ARGs in bird feces followed first-order attenuation with half-lives ranging from 1.3 to 11.1 days in impacted soil. Although residual antibiotics were detected in the feces, no significant correlation was observed between fecal antibiotic concentrations and ARG relative abundance. Thus, other unaccounted factors likely contributed selective pressure for ARG maintenance. These findings highlight the contribution of wild urban bird feces to the maintenance and dissemination of ARGs, and the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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21
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Omontese BO, Caixeta LS, Machado VS, Rendahl A, Celestino MLK, Menta PR, Paiva D, Garcia-Muñoz A, Masic A. Effects of the Administration of a Non-specific Immune Stimulant Around Transportation on Health and Performance of Jersey and Jersey-Cross Heifer Calves During the Rearing Period: Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:550202. [PMID: 33173793 PMCID: PMC7591452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.550202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a non-specific immune stimulant (IS) administered around transportation on health scores (HS), average daily gain (ADG), disease treatment and mortality of Jersey and Jersey-cross calves during the rearing period. Newborn calves (4 d ± 1) were randomly allocated to receive either 1 mL of saline (CON; n = 438), 1 mL of IS before transport (BTIS; n = 431), or 1 mL of IS immediately after transport (ATIS; n = 436). Calves were health scored weekly for 3 weeks after transport. The data were analyzed using multivariable linear mixed models and multivariable logistic regression models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for time to event analysis. Treatment, birth weight, breed, site of birth, serum total solids, dam parity, season of enrollment, and metaphylaxis were offered to models. Differences in respiratory and fecal HS, and ADG between treatment groups were not statistically significant. A total of 196 (15.0%) calves were treated at least once for any disease and 52 calves were treated multiple times. The proportion of calves treated for respiratory disease and/or diarrhea were 14.4, 14.4, and 16.2% for BTIS, ATIS and CON groups, respectively. Although the differences in the likelihood of treatment for both respiratory disease and/or diarrhea during the first 9 weeks of life was not statistically different between groups, we observed that more calves in the control group received disease treatments around 15 days of age compared with calves that received IS. The likelihood of treatment for respiratory diseases alone during the first 30 days of life was smaller in the calves that received IS before transportation when compared to the control group. Only 18 (1.4%) calves died within the study period. The calf mortality likelihood was not statistically different between study groups; however, fewer calves in the IS groups died when compared to CON. In conclusion, the use of IS around transportation did not influence weekly HS, ADG, and the number of disease treatments during the rearing period, but administering IS before transportation resulted in fewer treatments of respiratory diseases during the first 30 days post-transport and marginally lower mortality rates during the rearing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobwealth O Omontese
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Food and Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Life and Natural Sciences, Alabama A and M University, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Luciano S Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Vinicius S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Maria L K Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Paulo R Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daniela Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Angel Garcia-Muñoz
- Department of Veterinary Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Hovingh E, Van Kessel JAS. Differences in the Microbial Community and Resistome Structures of Feces from Preweaned Calves and Lactating Dairy Cows in Commercial Dairy Herds. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:494-503. [PMID: 32176535 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows are known reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To further understand the differences in the resistomes and microbial communities between the two, we sequenced the metagenomes of fecal composite samples from preweaned dairy calves and lactating dairy cows on 17 commercial dairy farms (n = 34 samples). Results indicated significant differences in the structures of the microbial communities (analysis of similarities [ANOSIM] R = 0.81, p = 0.001) and resistomes (ANOSIM R = 0.93 to 0.96, p = 0.001) between the two age groups. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant members of the communities, but when the groups were compared, Bacteroidetes and Verrumicrobia were significantly more abundant in calf fecal composite samples, whereas Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Lentisphaerae, Planctomycetes, Chlorofexi, and Saccharibacteria-(TM7) were more abundant in lactating cow samples. Diverse suites of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified in all samples, with the most frequently detected being assigned to tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance. When the two groups were compared, ARGs were significantly more abundant in composite fecal samples from calves than those from lactating cows (calf median ARG abundance = 1.8 × 100 ARG/16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA], cow median ARG abundance = 1.7 × 10-1 ARG/16S rRNA) and at the antibiotic resistance class level, the relative abundance of tetracycline, trimethoprim, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, β-lactam, and phenicol resistance genes was significantly higher in calf samples than in cow samples. Results of this study indicate that composite feces from preweaned calves harbor different bacterial communities and resistomes than composite feces from lactating cows, with a greater abundance of resistance genes detected in preweaned calf feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon-Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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23
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Feng X, Littier HM, Knowlton KF, Garner E, Pruden A. The impacts of feeding milk with antibiotics on the fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy calves. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ingestion of antibiotics on the microbiome of the young calf are not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding milk containing pirlimycin on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of dairy calves using a metagenomic approach. In this study calves were assigned to either pasteurized whole milk (control; n = 5) or pasteurized whole milk containing 0.2 mg L−1 of pirlimycin (treatment; n = 5). Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 42, and 84. Functional analysis of DNA via metagenomic rapid annotations using subsystems technology revealed that pirlimycin had no effects on abundance of sequences coding for different cell functions except in the “phage, prophage, and transposable elements” category. Evaluation of the major antibiotic resistance types in samples via annotation against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database analysis showed no difference between the two groups. The results of this study will help assess the risk of use of antibiotics in animal agriculture and increase our understanding of how antibiotics present in waste milk affects both calves and their manure, and will lay the groundwork for future research on manure treatment or other strategies to minimize any negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Heather M. Littier
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Katharine F. Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Emily Garner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Manga I, Hasman H, Smidkova J, Medvecky M, Dolejska M, Cizek A. Fecal Carriage and Whole-Genome Sequencing-Assisted Characterization of CMY-2 Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Calves at Czech Dairy Cow Farm. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:42-53. [PMID: 30673354 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to monitor the fecal shedding of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) in a cohort of healthy calves on a dairy farm with documented antimicrobial usage and to characterize selected AmpC beta-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates. Fecal samples from 13 suckling calves (1-63 d of age; 113 samples in total) were repeatedly collected and cultivated on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (2 mg/L). Resistant colonies were counted, and one colony obtained from the highest dilution of each fecal sample was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to antimicrobials and production of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were tested. No ESBL-producing E. coli was found, but representative AmpC-positive E. coli isolates were subjected to further typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the analysis of clonal relationships, resistance genes, virulence factors, and plasmid replicons. High amounts of CREC were detected in the feces of all 13 calves during the study. The number of CREC colonies varied from 1.0 log10 to 8.0 log10 colony-forming unit per gram. Drops in CREC density or its discontinued shedding were recorded at the end of the study period. A total of 82 (94%, n = 87) CREC isolates were confirmed as AmpC producers and all but one showed resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Twenty-nine selected AmpC-positive E. coli isolates belonged to 12 and 13 unique rep-PCR fingerprints and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types, respectively, highlighting the variation in E. coli genotypes in individual calves. WGS of 10 selected isolates showed diverse antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene content and the presence of a blaCMY-2 gene carried by an IncK2 plasmid. Clinically important multiresistant E. coli isolates belonging to emerging extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli ST69 and ST648 lineages were found. Our findings reinforce the urgency of efforts to prevent the spread of ESBL-/AmpC-producing bacteria in dairy cow farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Manga
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,2 CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henrik Hasman
- 3 Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jana Smidkova
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ruminant and Swine Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Medvecky
- 2 CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- 2 CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,2 CEITEC VFU Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Feng X, Chambers LR, Knowlton KF. Antibiotic resistance genes in the faeces of dairy cows following short-term therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotic administration. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1698428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Chambers
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katharine F. Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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26
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Li JH, Yousif MH, Li ZQ, Wu ZH, Li SL, Yang HJ, Wang YJ, Cao ZJ. Effects of antibiotic residues in milk on growth, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2298-2307. [PMID: 30692007 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antibiotic residues in milk on growth, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of dairy calves in their first 35 d of age. Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments equally: milk replacer without antibiotics (control) and milk replacer plus 4 antibiotics: 0.024 mg/L of penicillin, 0.025 mg/L of streptomycin, 0.1 mg/L of tetracycline, and 0.33 mg/L of ceftiofur (ANT). Starter intake and fecal consistency scores of each calf were recorded on a daily basis. Body weight, withers height, body length, and heart girth were measured on d 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 before feeding in the morning. Rumen fluid was collected on d 15, 25, and 35 to determine ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and NH3-N concentrations. A total of 10 (5 per treatment) samples of rumen fluid taken on d 35 were analyzed for microbial community. Rumen tissues from the cranial ventral sac and cranial dorsal sac were collected from 8 calves of each group for morphology analysis on d 35 after being harvested. The results showed that calves in 2 treatments had similar starter intake, body weight, withers height, body length, heart girth, and average daily gain. The ANT group showed a lower diarrhea frequency in wk 4, and no differences were found for other weeks. Calves in the ANT group exhibited a greater concentration of acetic acid in the rumen and no differences for other VFA, total VFA, rumen pH, or NH3-N. As for rumen morphology, the length of papillae from cranial ventral sac of the ANT group was longer than that of the control group. The results of ruminal microbial community showed that antibiotic residues had minor effects on bacteria phyla and bacteria diversity. At the genus level, calves in the ANT group showed lower richness of Prevotella and higher richness of Acetitomaculum. In conclusion, antibiotic residues stimulated the development of ruminal papillae and increased the production of acetic acid in rumen, which might be caused by the influence of antibiotics on the ruminal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M H Yousif
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Z Q Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Z H Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - S L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - H J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Z J Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Dose-dependent impact of oxytetracycline on the veal calf microbiome and resistome. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:65. [PMID: 30660184 PMCID: PMC6339435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic therapy is commonly used in animal agriculture. Antibiotics excreted by the animals can contaminate farming environments, resulting in long term exposure of animals to sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics. Little is known on the effect of this exposure on antibiotic resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long term effects of sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition and resistome of veal calves in vivo. Forty-two veal calves were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (OTC-high) received therapeutic oral dosages of 1 g oxytetracycline (OTC), twice per day, during 5 days. The second group (OTC-low) received an oral dose of OTC of 100-200 μg per day during 7 weeks, mimicking animal exposure to environmental contamination. The third group (CTR) did not receive OTC, serving as unexposed control. Antibiotic residue levels were determined over time. The temporal effects on the gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance gene abundance was analysed by metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS In the therapeutic group, OTC levels exceeded MIC values. The low group remained at sub-inhibitory levels. The control group did not reach any significant OTC levels. 16S rRNA gene-based analysis revealed significant changes in the calf gut microbiota. Time-related changes accounted for most of the variation in the sequence data. Therapeutic application of OTC had transient effect, significantly impacting gut microbiota composition between day 0 and day 2. By metagenomic sequence analysis we identified six antibiotic resistance genes representing three gene classes (tetM, floR and mel) that differed in relative abundance between any of the intervention groups and the control. qPCR was used to validate observations made by metagenomic sequencing, revealing a peak of tetM abundance at day 28-35 in the OTC-high group. No increase in resistance genes abundance was seen in the OTC-low group. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions tested, sub-therapeutic administration of OTC did not result in increased tetM resistance levels as observed in the therapeutic group.
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Tufa TB, Gurmu F, Beyi AF, Hogeveen H, Beyene TJ, Ayana D, Woldemariyam FT, Hailemariam E, Gutema FD, Stegeman JA. Veterinary medicinal product usage among food animal producers and its health implications in Central Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:409. [PMID: 30563527 PMCID: PMC6299579 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobials and anthelmintics are the most commonly used veterinary drugs to control animal diseases. However, widespread use of these drugs could contribute to the emergence of drug resistance. Information on the practice of antimicrobial usage among food animal raising communities in Central Ethiopia is scarce. We used a standardised questionnaire survey to assess knowledge, awareness, and practices related to drug use and resistance in food animals among the farmers in and around Bishoftu town. Results Of the total of 220 livestock owners interviewed, around 80% of the respondents were not able to define what antimicrobials are and for what purposes they are used. Only 14.1% (n = 31) of the respondents had awareness about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its consequences; and 35.5% (n = 11/31) and 9.7% (n = 3/31) of them agreed that the irrational use of antimicrobials in animals could lead to AMR in animals and humans. Oxytetracycline was the most commonly available antibiotic in veterinary drug shops/pharmacies and the most widely used drug in the area. However, 43.3% of the respondents did not see clinical improvements after using antibiotics. Similarly, the respondents explained that no response was observed in 73.3, 70.8 and 52.5% of the cases after medication with anthelmintics, antiprotozoal and acaricides, respectively. About 56.7% of the respondents considered traditional medicines equally important to modern medicines. It was also noted that there were illegal drug vendors, dispensing medicines under unfavourable conditions which include a direct exposure to sunlight, which practice violates the drug handling and storage recommendations given by WHO. Conclusion The study revealed that there is a general lack of awareness among food animal owners about the correct use of antibiotics and anthelmintics. The widespread misuse and improper drug dispensing and handling practices observed in this study can affect the drug quality and can also contribute to the development of drug resistance in central Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takele Beyene Tufa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Feraol Gurmu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tariku Jibat Beyene
- Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dinka Ayana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eyerusalem Hailemariam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Fanta Desissa Gutema
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.o. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - J A Stegeman
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Foutz C, Godden S, Bender J, Diez-Gonzalez F, Akhtar M, Vatulin A. Exposure to antimicrobials through the milk diet or systemic therapy is associated with a transient increase in antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10126-10141. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Antibiotics as confounding factor in newborn calf studies investigating effects on the intestinal microbiome. Res Vet Sci 2018; 121:104-105. [PMID: 30366123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Zwe YH, Tang VCY, Aung KT, Gutiérrez RA, Ng LC, Yuk HG. Prevalence, sequence types, antibiotic resistance and, gyrA mutations of Salmonella isolated from retail fresh chicken meat in Singapore. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Wepking C, Avera B, Badgley B, Barrett JE, Franklin J, Knowlton KF, Ray PP, Smitherman C, Strickland MS. Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2233. [PMID: 28356447 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensifying livestock production to meet the demands of a growing global population coincides with increases in both the administration of veterinary antibiotics and manure inputs to soils. These trends have the potential to increase antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities. The effect of maintaining increased antibiotic resistance on soil microbial communities and the ecosystem processes they regulate is unknown. We compare soil microbial communities from paired reference and dairy manure-exposed sites across the USA. Given that manure exposure has been shown to elicit increased antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities, we expect that manure-exposed sites will exhibit (i) compositionally different soil microbial communities, with shifts toward taxa known to exhibit resistance; (ii) greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes; and (iii) corresponding maintenance of antibiotic resistance would lead to decreased microbial efficiency. We found that bacterial and fungal communities differed between reference and manure-exposed sites. Additionally, the β-lactam resistance gene ampC was 5.2-fold greater under manure exposure, potentially due to the use of cephalosporin antibiotics in dairy herds. Finally, ampC abundance was positively correlated with indicators of microbial stress, and microbial mass-specific respiration, which increased 2.1-fold under manure exposure. These findings demonstrate that the maintenance of antibiotic resistance associated with manure inputs alters soil microbial communities and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Wepking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bethany Avera
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Brian Badgley
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John E Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Josh Franklin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Partha P Ray
- Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Early Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Crystal Smitherman
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Resende JA, Fontes CO, Ferreira-Machado AB, Nascimento TC, Silva VL, Diniz CG. Antimicrobial-Resistance Genetic Markers in Potentially Pathogenic Gram Positive Cocci Isolated from Brazilian Soft Cheese. J Food Sci 2018; 83:377-385. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves Resende
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Nutrition; Federal Univ. of Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre; Alegre Brazil
| | - Cláudia Oliveira Fontes
- Dept. of Basic Sciences of Life; Federal Univ. of Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares; Governador Valadares Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia Lúcia Silva
- Dept. of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Inst. of Biological Sciences; Federal Univ. of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Cláudio Galuppo Diniz
- Dept. of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Inst. of Biological Sciences; Federal Univ. of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
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Maynou G, Migura-Garcia L, Chester-Jones H, Ziegler D, Bach A, Terré M. Effects of feeding pasteurized waste milk to dairy calves on phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates before and after weaning. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7967-7979. [PMID: 28755935 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding pasteurized waste milk (pWM) to calves on antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Fifty-two Holstein female calves (3 ± 1.3 d of age) were fed 1 of the 2 different types of milk: milk replacer (MR) without antimicrobials or pWM with β-lactam residues until weaning at 49 d of age. Fecal swabs of all calves were obtained on d 0, 35, and 56 of the study and 3 E. coli isolates per sample were studied. Phenotypic resistance was tested by the disk diffusion method against a panel of 12 antimicrobials. A total of 13 resistance genes consisting of β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside families were examined by PCR. Feeding pWM to calves increased the presence of phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, cephalotin, ceftiofur, and florfenicol in fecal E. coli compared with MR-fed calves. However, the presence of resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in dairy calves independent of their milk-feeding source, suggesting other factors apart from the feeding source are involved in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maynou
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - L Migura-Garcia
- Department of Bacterial and Endoparasitic Infections, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-IRTA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Chester-Jones
- Department of Animal Science, Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca, MN 56093
| | - D Ziegler
- Department of Animal Science, Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca, MN 56093
| | - A Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Terré
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Malmuthuge N, Guan LL. Understanding the gut microbiome of dairy calves: Opportunities to improve early-life gut health. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5996-6005. [PMID: 28501408 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early gut microbiota plays a vital role in the long-term health of the host. However, understanding of these microbiota is very limited in livestock species, especially in dairy calves. Neonatal calves are highly susceptible to enteric infections, one of the major causes of calf death, so approaches to improving gut health and overall calf health are needed. An increasing number of studies are exploring the microbial composition of the gut, the mucosal immune system, and early dietary interventions to improve the health of dairy calves, revealing possibilities for effectively reducing the susceptibility of calves to enteric infections while promoting growth. Still, comprehensive understanding of the effect of dietary interventions on gut microbiota-one of the key aspects of gut health-is lacking. Such knowledge may provide in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind functional changes in response to dietary interventions. Understanding of host-microbial interactions with dietary interventions and the role of the gut microbiota during pathogenesis at the site of infection in early life is vital for designing effective tools and techniques to improve calf gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5 Canada.
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36
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Lhermie G, Dupouy V, El Garch F, Ravinet N, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Seegers H, Assié S. Impact of Low and High Doses of Marbofloxacin on the Selection of Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Commensal Gut Flora of Young Cattle: Discussion of Data from 2 Study Populations. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:152-159. [PMID: 28072925 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of requested decrease of antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine, our objective was to assess the impact of two doses of marbofloxacin administered on young bulls (YBs) and veal calves (VCs) treated for bovine respiratory disease, on the total population of Enterobacteriaceae in gut flora and on the emergence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae. In two independent experiments, 48 YBs from 6 commercial farms and 33 VCs previously colostrum deprived and exposed to cefquinome were randomly assigned to one of the three groups LOW, HIGH, and Control. In LOW and HIGH groups, animals received a single injection of, respectively, 2 and 10 mg/kg marbofloxacin. Feces were sampled before treatment, and at several times after treatment. Total and resistant Enterobacteriaceae enumerating were performed by plating dilutions of fecal samples on MacConkey agar plates that were supplemented or not with quinolone. In YBs, marbofloxacin treatment was associated with a transient decrease in total Enterobacteriaceae count between day (D)1 and D3 after treatment. Total Enterobacteriaceae count returned to baseline between D5 and D7 in all groups. None of the 48 YBs harbored marbofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae before treatment. After treatment, 1 out of 20 YBs from the Control group and 1 out of 14 YBs from the HIGH group exhibited marbofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. In VCs, the rate of fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae significantly increased after low and high doses of marbofloxacin treatment. However, the effect was similar for the two doses, which was probably related to the high level of resistant Enterobacteriaceae exhibited before treatment. Our results suggest that a single treatment with 2 or 10 mg/kg marbofloxacin exerts a moderate selective pressure on commensal Enterobacteriaceae in YBs and in VCs. A fivefold decrease of marbofloxacin regimen did not affect the selection of resistances among commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lhermie
- 1 Global Drug Development, Vétoquinol SA , Lure, France .,2 BioEpar, Oniris, INRA , Nantes, France .,3 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Dupouy
- 3 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- 3 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bousquet-Mélou
- 3 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse, France
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernández Escámez PS, Girones R, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Kuile BT, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Bengtsson B, Bouchard D, Randall L, Tenhagen BA, Verdon E, Wallace J, Brozzi R, Guerra B, Liebana E, Stella P, Herman L. Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04665. [PMID: 32704309 PMCID: PMC7372110 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA was requested to: 1) assess the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to feeding on farm of calves with colostrum potentially containing residues of antibiotics; 2) assess the risk for the development of AMR due to feeding on farm of calves with milk of cows treated during lactation with an antibiotic and milked during the withdrawal period, and 3) propose possible options to mitigate the risk for the development of AMR derived from such practices. Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common in the EU Member States. Penicillins, alone or in combination with aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins are most commonly used. Residue levels of antimicrobials decrease with the length of the dry period. When the interval from the start of the drying-off treatment until calving is as long as or longer than the minimum specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics of the antimicrobial, faecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria will not increase when calves are fed colostrum from treated cows. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains substantial residues during the treatment and withdrawal period. Consumption of such milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves, which could be targeting the highest priority critically important antimicrobials. β-Lactamases can reduce the concentration of β-lactams which are the most frequently used antimicrobials in milking cows. Options to mitigate the presence of resistant bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are mainly based on thermal inactivation.
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Cameron A, McAllister TA. Antimicrobial usage and resistance in beef production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27999667 PMCID: PMC5154118 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are critical to contemporary high-intensity beef production. Many different antimicrobials are approved for beef cattle, and are used judiciously for animal welfare, and controversially, to promote growth and feed efficiency. Antimicrobial administration provides a powerful selective pressure that acts on the microbial community, selecting for resistance gene determinants and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria resident in the bovine flora. The bovine microbiota includes many harmless bacteria, but also opportunistic pathogens that may acquire and propagate resistance genes within the microbial community via horizontal gene transfer. Antimicrobial-resistant bovine pathogens can also complicate the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in beef feedlots, threatening the efficiency of the beef production system. Likewise, the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to bovine-associated human pathogens is a potential public health concern. This review outlines current antimicrobial use practices pertaining to beef production, and explores the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in major bovine pathogens. The effect of antimicrobials on the composition of the bovine microbiota is examined, as are the effects on the beef production resistome. Antimicrobial resistance is further explored within the context of the wider beef production continuum, with emphasis on antimicrobial resistance genes in the food chain, and risk to the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cameron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB Canada
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Wolters B, Widyasari-Mehta A, Kreuzig R, Smalla K. Contaminations of organic fertilizers with antibiotic residues, resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements mirroring antibiotic use in livestock? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9343-9353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chambers L, Yang Y, Littier H, Ray P, Zhang T, Pruden A, Strickland M, Knowlton K. Metagenomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Dairy Cow Feces following Therapeutic Administration of Third Generation Cephalosporin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133764. [PMID: 26258869 PMCID: PMC4530880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dairy manure is widely applied to land, it is relatively understudied compared to other livestock as a potential source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the environment and ultimately to human pathogens. Ceftiofur, the most widely used antibiotic used in U.S. dairy cows, is a 3rd generation cephalosporin, a critically important class of antibiotics to human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of typical ceftiofur antibiotic treatment on the prevalence of ARGs in the fecal microbiome of dairy cows using a metagenomics approach. β-lactam ARGs were found to be elevated in feces from Holstein cows administered ceftiofur (n = 3) relative to control cows (n = 3). However, total numbers of ARGs across all classes were not measurably affected by ceftiofur treatment, likely because of dominance of unaffected tetracycline ARGs in the metagenomics libraries. Functional analysis via MG-RAST further revealed that ceftiofur treatment resulted in increases in gene sequences associated with "phages, prophages, transposable elements, and plasmids", suggesting that this treatment also enriched the ability to horizontally transfer ARGs. Additional functional shifts were noted with ceftiofur treatment (e.g., increase in genes associated with stress, chemotaxis, and resistance to toxic compounds; decrease in genes associated with metabolism of aromatic compounds and cell division and cell cycle), along with measureable taxonomic shifts (increase in Bacterioidia and decrease in Actinobacteria). This study demonstrates that ceftiofur has a broad, measureable and immediate effect on the cow fecal metagenome. Given the importance of 3rd generation cephalospirins to human medicine, their continued use in dairy cattle should be carefully considered and waste treatment strategies to slow ARG dissemination from dairy cattle manure should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Chambers
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ying Yang
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heather Littier
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Partha Ray
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tong Zhang
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael Strickland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Katharine Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nazaret S, Aminov R. Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:520. [PMID: 25324839 PMCID: PMC4183112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Nazaret
- UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, and Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rustam Aminov
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Resende JA, Silva VL, de Oliveira TLR, de Oliveira Fortunato S, da Costa Carneiro J, Otenio MH, Diniz CG. Prevalence and persistence of potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria during anaerobic digestion treatment of cattle manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:284-291. [PMID: 24374028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion figures as a sustainable alternative to avoid discharge of cattle manure in the environment, which results in biogas and biofertilizer. Persistence of potentially pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria during anaerobic digestion of cattle manure was evaluated. Selective cultures were performed for enterobacteria (ENT), non-fermenting Gram-negative rods (NFR) and Gram-positive cocci (GPC). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined and a decay of all bacterial groups was observed after 60days. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected both the influent and effluent. GPC, the most prevalent group was highly resistant against penicillin and levofloxacin, whereas resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and chloramphenicol was frequently observed in the ENT and NFR groups. The data point out the need of discussions to better address management of biodigesters and the implementation of sanitary and microbiological safe treatments of animal manures to avoid consequences to human, animal and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia Lúcia Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Tamara Lopes Rocha de Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel de Oliveira Fortunato
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Galuppo Diniz
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Pruden A, Larsson DJ, Amézquita A, Collignon P, Brandt KK, Graham DW, Lazorchak JM, Suzuki S, Silley P, Snape JR, Topp E, Zhang T, Zhu YG. Management options for reducing the release of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes to the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:878-85. [PMID: 23735422 PMCID: PMC3734499 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern worldwide about the role of polluted soil and water environments in the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study was to identify management options for reducing the spread of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance determinants via environmental pathways, with the ultimate goal of extending the useful life span of antibiotics. We also examined incentives and disincentives for action. METHODS We focused on management options with respect to limiting agricultural sources; treatment of domestic, hospital, and industrial wastewater; and aquaculture. DISCUSSION We identified several options, such as nutrient management, runoff control, and infrastructure upgrades. Where appropriate, a cross-section of examples from various regions of the world is provided. The importance of monitoring and validating effectiveness of management strategies is also highlighted. Finally, we describe a case study in Sweden that illustrates the critical role of communication to engage stakeholders and promote action. CONCLUSIONS Environmental releases of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can in many cases be reduced at little or no cost. Some management options are synergistic with existing policies and goals. The anticipated benefit is an extended useful life span for current and future antibiotics. Although risk reductions are often difficult to quantify, the severity of accelerating worldwide morbidity and mortality rates associated with antibiotic resistance strongly indicate the need for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - D.G. Joakim Larsson
- Institute for Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Amézquita
- Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Collignon
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kristian K. Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - David W. Graham
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Peter Silley
- MB Consult Limited, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason R. Snape
- AstraZeneca, Brixham Environmental Laboratory, Brixham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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