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Sun F, Wang C, Xu Z, Song X, Cui H, Wang Z, Ouyang Z, Fu X. Temporal variations of bacterial and eukaryotic community in coastal waters-implications for aquaculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:388. [PMID: 38900314 PMCID: PMC11189975 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite increased attention to the aquaculture environment, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the significance of water quality. To address this knowledge gap, this study utilized high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA to examine microbial communities (bacteria and eukaryotes) in coastal water over different months through long-term observations. The goal was to explore interaction patterns in the microbial community and identify potential pathogenic bacteria and red tide organisms. The results revealed significant differences in composition, diversity, and richness of bacterial and eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across various months. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated distinct temporal variations in bacterial and eukaryotic communities, with significant differences (P = 0.001) among four groups: F (January-April), M (May), S (June-September), and T (October-December). Moreover, a strong association was observed between microbial communities and months, with most OTUs showing a distinct temporal preference. The Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05) indicated significant differences in dominant bacterial and eukaryotic taxa among months, with each group exhibiting unique dominant taxa, including potential pathogenic bacteria and red tide organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring changes in potentially harmful microorganisms in aquaculture. Network analysis highlighted positive correlations between bacteria and eukaryotes, with bacteria playing a key role in network interactions. The key bacterial genera associated with other microorganisms varied significantly (P < 0.05) across different groups. In summary, this study deepens the understanding of aquaculture water quality and offers valuable insights for maintaining healthy aquaculture practices. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial and eukaryotic communities displayed distinct temporal variations. • Different months exhibited unique potential pathogenic bacteria and red tide organisms. • Bacteria are key taxonomic taxa involved in microbial network interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Sun
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Chunzhong Wang
- Putian Institute of Aquaculture Science of Fujian Province, Putian, China
| | - Zhantang Xu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingyu Song
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China
| | - Haiping Cui
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha Marine Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha, China
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Wu F, Zhang T, Wu Q, Li X, Zhang M, Luo X, Zhang Y, Lu R. Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of a Vibrio vulnificus strain isolated from a clinical patient. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240835. [PMID: 38029170 PMCID: PMC10644004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic, global pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. We investigated the genetic characteristics of V. vulnificus isolated from the clinical blood culture specimen of a patient with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis in 2018 (named as V. vulnificus VV2018) by whole genome sequencing (WGS). VV2018 belonged to a novel sequencing type 620 (ST620) and comprised two circular chromosomes, containing 4,389 potential coding sequences (CDSs) and 152 RNA genes. The phylogenetic tree of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 26 representative genomes revealed that VV2108 grouped with two other V. vulnificus strains isolated from humans. The pan-genome of V. vulnificus was constructed using 26 representative genomes to elucidate their genetic diversity, evolutionary characteristics, and virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The pan-genome analysis revealed that VV2018 shared a total of 3,016 core genes (≥99% presence), including 115 core virulence factors (VFs) and 5 core antibiotic resistance-related genes, and 309 soft core genes (≥95 and <99% presence) with 25 other V. vulnificus strains. The varG gene might account for the cefazolin resistance, and comparative analysis of the genetic context of varG revealed that two genes upstream and downstream of varG were conserved. The glycosylation (pgl) like genes were found in VV2018 compared with Pgl-related proteins in Neisseria that might affect the adherence of the strain in hosts. The comparative analysis of VV2018 would contribute to a better understanding of the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of V. vulnificus. Meanwhile much work remains to be done to better understand the function of pgl-like genes in V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Abioye OE, Osunla CA, Nontongana N, Okoh AI. Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:316. [PMID: 37891478 PMCID: PMC10612165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI. RESULT The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles A Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Thongdonphum B, Vanichkul K, Bunchaleamchai A, Powthong P. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Nymphaea pubescens (Pink Water Lily) Leaf Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3588. [PMID: 37896051 PMCID: PMC10609860 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This research comparatively investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from Nymphaea pubescens (pink water lily) leaves against pathogenic bacteria. The experimental extracts are aqueous, acetonic, and 95% ethanolic N. pubescens extracts; and the pathogenic bacteria being studied include Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio harveyi, which are commonly found in freshwater fish and brackish aquatic animals. The ethanolic N. pubescens extract achieves the highest bacterial inhibitory effects against V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanolic extract against A. hydrophila and V. harveyi are 10 mg/mL; and 2.5 mg/mL against V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. The ethanolic N. pubescens extract is effective against V. parahaemolyticus. The high-performance liquid chromatography results show that, in the phenolic acids group, gallic acid is the most dominant (0.600-3.21% w/w), followed by sinapic acid (0.37-0.83% w/w). In the flavonoids group, catechin is the most dominant (0.02-1.08% w/w), followed by rutin (0.002-0.03% w/w). Essentially, the ethanolic N. pubescens extract can potentially be used as a natural antibiotic agent to treat bacterial infections in fish and aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boontarika Thongdonphum
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi 12130, Thailand;
| | - Kittima Vanichkul
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi 12130, Thailand;
| | - Adun Bunchaleamchai
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Mueang Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand;
| | - Pannapa Powthong
- Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Mueang Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand;
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Cevallos-Urena A, Kim JY, Kim BS. Vibrio-infecting bacteriophages and their potential to control biofilm. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1719-1727. [PMID: 37780594 PMCID: PMC10533469 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria have necessitated finding new control alternatives. Under these circumstances, lytic bacteriophages offer a viable and promising option. This review focuses on Vibrio-infecting bacteriophages and the characteristics that make them suitable for application in the food and aquaculture industries. Bacteria, particularly Vibrio spp., can produce biofilms under stress conditions. Therefore, this review summarizes several anti-biofilm mechanisms that phages have, such as stimulating the host bacteria to produce biofilm-degrading enzymes, utilizing tail depolymerases, and penetrating matured biofilms through water channels. Additionally, the advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics, such as a lower probability of developing resistance and the ability to infect dormant cells, are discussed. Finally, this review presents future research prospects related to further utilization of phages in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cevallos-Urena
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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She W, Cheng A, Ye W, Zeng P, Wang H, Qian PY. Mode of action of antimicrobial agents albofungins in eradicating penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0156323. [PMID: 37610246 PMCID: PMC10581126 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01563-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Albofungin is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, we further investigated albofungin's biofilm eradication activity and its potential mode of action against drug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Among all derivatives, albofungin exhibited the best antibiofilm and antibacterial activity with rapid killing effects at 0.12 µg mL-1. Confocal microscopy observation exhibited that albofungin disrupted V. parahaemolyticus biofilms by killing or dispersing biofilm cells. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope and fluorescent staining experiments demonstrated that albofungin rapidly destroyed the integrity and permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, this study revealed an antibiofilm mechanism of albofungin involving inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, flagella assembly pathways, and secretion system proteins in V. parahaemolyticus by quantitative proteomics and validation experiments. Our results highlighted albofungin's mechanism of action in planktonic cells and biofilms and suggested further development and potential applications of albofungin for treating infections caused by penicillins-and-cephalosporins-resistant V. parahaemolyticus. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as a scarcity of new antibiotics, have become a major health threat worldwide. To tackle the demand for new and effective treatments, we investigated the mechanism of action of albofungin, a natural product derived from Streptomyces, which exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Albofungin showed potent biofilm eradication activity against penicillins-and-cephalosporins-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which expresses a novel metallo-β-lactamase and, thus, reduces their sensitivity to various antibiotics. We observed membrane disruption and permeation mechanisms in planktonic cells and biofilms after albofungin treatment, while albofungin had a weak interaction with bacterial DNA. Moreover, the antibiofilm mechanism of albofungin included inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, flagellar assembly pathways, and secretion system proteins. Our finding suggested potential applications of albofungin as an antibacterial and antibiofilm therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi She
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Grognot M, Nam JW, Elson LE, Taute KM. Physiological adaptation in flagellar architecture improves Vibrio alginolyticus chemotaxis in complex environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301873120. [PMID: 37579142 PMCID: PMC10450658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301873120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria navigate natural habitats with a wide range of mechanical properties, from the ocean to the digestive tract and soil, by rotating helical flagella like propellers. Species differ in the number, position, and shape of their flagella, but the adaptive value of these flagellar architectures is unclear. Many species traverse multiple types of environments, such as pathogens inside and outside a host. We investigate the hypothesis that flagellar architectures mediate environment-specific benefits in the marine pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus which exhibits physiological adaptation to the mechanical environment. In addition to its single polar flagellum, the bacterium produces lateral flagella in environments that differ mechanically from water. These are known to facilitate surface motility and attachment. We use high-throughput 3D bacterial tracking to quantify chemotactic performance of both flagellar architectures in three archetypes of mechanical environments relevant to the bacterium's native habitats: water, polymer solutions, and hydrogels. We reveal that lateral flagella impede chemotaxis in water by lowering the swimming speed but improve chemotaxis in both types of complex environments. Statistical trajectory analysis reveals two distinct underlying behavioral mechanisms: In viscous solutions of the polymer PVP K90, lateral flagella increase the swimming speed. In agar hydrogels, lateral flagella improve overall chemotactic performance, despite lowering the swimming speed, by preventing trapping in pores. Our findings show that lateral flagella are multipurpose tools with a wide range of applications beyond surfaces. They implicate flagellar architecture as a mediator of environment-specific benefits and point to a rich space of bacterial navigation behaviors in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Grognot
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02142
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Jong Woo Nam
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02142
| | | | - Katja M. Taute
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02142
- Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried82152, Germany
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Chen L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang R, Zhang H, Qi X, He Y. Epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks, Zhejiang, China, 2010-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171350. [PMID: 37448578 PMCID: PMC10336542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens and poses a significant disease burden. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, and provide insights for the targeted prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were utilized to analyze the data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks reported by all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) through Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System (FDOSS) in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2022. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 383 outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported by 90 CDCs in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province, resulting in 4,382 illnesses, 326 hospitalizations and 1 death. The main symptoms of the outbreak-related cases were diarrhea (95.18%), abdominal pain (89.23%), nausea (55.64%), vomiting (50.57%), fever (24.21%), etc. The outbreaks occurring between July and September accounted for 77.54% of all outbreaks (297 out of 383). Outbreaks associated with restaurants accounted for the majority (57.96%, 222/383) of all outbreaks, followed by those linked to staff canteens (15.40%, 59/383) and rural banquets (11.23%, 43/383). 31.85% of all outbreaks were associated with the consumption of aquatic products, while ready-to-eat foods such as Chinese cold dishes and cooked meat products accounted for 12.53% of all outbreaks. Serotype O3:K6 (81.94%, 118/144) was the predominant serotype responsible for outbreaks from 2010 to 2020, while serotype O10:K4 (57.89%, 33/57) was the predominant serotype from 2021 to 2022. Conclusion In-depth and comprehensive analysis of long-term surveillance data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks is essential to gain insight into the epidemiological characteristics, identify long-term patterns and recent trends, and enable governments to prioritize interventions and develop targeted policies to mitigate such outbreaks.
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Xu H, Liu J, Yuan M, Tian C, Lin T, Liu J, Osaris Caridad OC, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Risk Reduction Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on Shrimp by a Chinese Eating Habit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:317. [PMID: 36612642 PMCID: PMC9819167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In China, a traditional perspective recommended that consuming seafood should be mixed or matched with vinegar, because people thought this traditional Chinese eating habit could reduce the risk of pathogenic microorganism infection, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus induced diarrhea. However, this empirical viewpoint has not yet been evaluated scientifically. This study conducted a simplified quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) model, which was employed to estimate the risk reduction of V. parahaemolyticus on ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimp by consuming with vinegars (white vinegar, aromatic vinegar, or mature vinegar). Results showed the reduction of V. parahaemolyticus density on RTE shrimp after consuming with white vinegar, aromatic vinegar and mature vinegar was respectively 0.9953 log CFU/g (90% confidence interval 0.23 to 1.76), 0.7018 log CFU/g (90% confidence interval 0.3430 to 1.060) and 0.6538 log CFU/g (90% confidence interval 0.346 to 0.9620). The infection risk of V. parahaemolyticus per meal in this QMRA model was quantified by a mean of 0.1250 with the standard deviation of 0.2437. After consuming with white vinegar, aromatic vinegar, and mature vinegar, the mean infection risk of V. parahaemolyticus on shrimp decreased to 0.0478, 0.0652, and 0.0686. The QMRA scenarios indicated significant reductions in infection risk when eating RTE shrimp by the Chinese eating habit (consuming with vinegar). This good eating habit should be recommended to promote the spread of around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Cuifang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Ting Lin
- Greentown Agricultural Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Olivera Castro Osaris Caridad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (H.X.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (C.T.); (J.L.); (O.C.O.C.); (Y.P.)
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Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Oysters under Low Tidal Range Conditions: Is Seawater Analysis Useful for Risk Assessment? Foods 2022; 11:foods11244065. [PMID: 36553807 PMCID: PMC9778087 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-pathogenic Vibrio bacteria are acquired by oysters through filtering seawater, however, the relationships between levels of these bacteria in measured in oysters and overlying waters are inconsistent across regions. The reasons for these discrepancies are unclear hindering our ability to assess if -or when- seawater samples can be used as a proxy for oysters to assess risk. We investigated whether concentrations of total and human pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus (vvhA and pilF genes) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (tlh, tdh and trh genes) measured in seawater reflect concentrations of these bacteria in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) cultured within the US lower Chesapeake Bay region. We measured Vibrio spp. concentrations using an MPN-qPCR approach and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). We found seawater concentrations of these bacteria to predictably respond to temperature and salinity over chlorophyll a, pheophytin or turbidity. We also inferred from the SEM results that Vibrio concentrations in seawater strongly predict their respective concentrations in oysters. We hypothesize that such seawater-oyster coupling can be observed in regions of low tidal range. Due to the ease of sampling and processing of seawater samples compared to oyster samples, we suggest that under low tidal range conditions, seawater samples can foster increased spatial and temporal coverage and complement data associated with oyster samples.
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Metal Ions and Chemical Modification Reagents Inhibit the Enzymatic Activity of Lecithin-Dependent Hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090609. [PMID: 36136547 PMCID: PMC9506434 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin-dependent thermolabile hemolysin (LDH) is a virulence factor excreted by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a marine bacterium that causes important losses in shrimp farming. In this study, the function of LDH was investigated through its inhibition by metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+) and chemical modification reagents: β-mercaptoethanol (βME), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC). LDH was expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL-21, purified under denaturing conditions, and the enzymatic activity was evaluated. Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ at 1 mmol/L inhibited the LDH esterase activity by 20−95%, while Mg2+ and Mn2+ slightly increased its activity. Additionally, PMSF and DEPC at 1 mmol/L inhibited the enzymatic activity by 40% and 80%, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed that DEPC was the best-evaluated inhibitor (IC50 = 0.082 mmol/L), followed by Cu2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ and PMSF (IC50 = 0.146−1.5 mmol/L). Multiple sequence alignment of LDH of V. parahaemolyticus against other Vibrio species showed that LDH has well-conserved GDSL and SGNH motifs, characteristic of the hydrolase/esterase superfamily. Additionally, the homology model showed that the conserved catalytic triad His-Ser-Asp was in the LDH active site. Our results showed that the enzymatic activity of LDH from V. parahaemolyticus was modulated by metal ions and chemical modification, which could be related to the interaction with catalytic amino acid residues such as Ser153 and/or His 393.
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Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z057 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152230. [PMID: 35892815 PMCID: PMC9332848 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread foodborne pathogen that causes serious seafood-borne gastrointestinal infections. Biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) are critical in regulating these infections. In this study, first, the ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Z057 to compete, exclude, and displace V. parahaemolyticus biofilm was evaluated. Then, the inhibitory effects of L. plantarum Z057 extract (Z057-E) on V. parahaemolyticus biofilm and QS were explored from the aspects of biofilm biomass, metabolic activity, physicochemical properties, extracellular polymer matrix content, QS signal AI-2 activity, biofilm microstructure, and the expression levels of biofilm and QS-related genes. Results showed that L. plantarum Z057 effectively inhibited biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus and interfered with the adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus on the carrier surface. In addition, the Z057-E could significantly reduce the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation ability, swimming and swarming migration diameter, AI-2 activity, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and extracellular protein content of V. parahaemolyticus. Fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated that the Z057-E could efficiently inactivate the living cells, destroy the dense and complete biofilm architectures, and reduce the essential component of the extracellular polymer matrix. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that the Z057-E treatment down-regulated the expression of flagellum synthesis-related genes (flaA, flgM), EPS, and extracellular protein synthesis-related genes (cpsA, cpsQ, cpsR, ompW), QS-related genes (luxS, aphA, opaR), and hemolysin secretion-related genes (toxS, toxR) of V. parahaemolyticus. Thus, our results suggested that L. plantarum Z057 could represent an alternative biocontrol strategy against foodborne pathogens with anti-adhesive, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities.
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Sanches-Fernandes GMM, Sá-Correia I, Costa R. Vibriosis Outbreaks in Aquaculture: Addressing Environmental and Public Health Concerns and Preventive Therapies Using Gilthead Seabream Farming as a Model System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904815. [PMID: 35898915 PMCID: PMC9309886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral diseases in aquaculture result in severe production and economic losses. Among pathogenic bacteria, species belonging to the Vibrio genus are one of the most common and widespread disease-causing agents. Vibrio infections play a leading role in constraining the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector worldwide and, consequently, are the target of manifold disease prevention strategies. During the early, larval stages of development, Vibrio species are a common cause of high mortality rates in reared fish and shellfish, circumstances under which the host organisms might be highly susceptible to disease preventive or treatment strategies such as vaccines and antibiotics use, respectively. Regardless of host developmental stage, Vibrio infections may occur suddenly and can lead to the loss of the entire population reared in a given aquaculture system. Furthermore, the frequency of Vibrio-associated diseases in humans is increasing globally and has been linked to anthropic activities, in particular human-driven climate change and intensive livestock production. In this context, here we cover the current knowledge of Vibrio infections in fish aquaculture, with a focus on the model species gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a highly valuable reared fish in the Mediterranean climatic zone. Molecular methods currently used for fast detection and identification of Vibrio pathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles are addressed. Targeted therapeutic approaches are critically examined. They include vaccination, phage therapy and probiotics supplementation, which bear promise in supressing vibriosis in land-based fish rearing and in mitigating possible threats to human health and the environment. This literature review suggests that antibiotic resistance is increasing among Vibrio species, with the use of probiotics constituting a promising, sustainable approach to prevent Vibrio infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracinda M. M. Sanches-Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Correia
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafoods Using a Modified, Two-Step Enrichment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050764. [PMID: 35267397 PMCID: PMC8909376 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent Vibrio-parahaemolyticus-associated vibriosis cases, attributed, in part, to the inefficient techniques for detecting viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) Vibrio pathogens and the ingestion of undercooked seafood, is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States. The effect of extreme heat processing on Vibrio biology and its potential food safety implication has been underexplored. In the present work, environmental samples from the wet market, lagoon, and estuarine environments were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus recovery using a modified, temperature-dependent, two-step enrichment method followed by culture-based isolation, phenotype, and genotype characterizations. The work recovered novel strains (30% of 12 isolates) of V. parahaemolyticus from prolonged-heat-processing conditions (80 °C, 20 min), as confirmed by 16S rDNA bacterial identification. Select strains, VHT1 and VHT2, were determined to be hemolysis- and urease-positive pathogens. PCR analyses of chromosomal DNA implicated the tdh-independent, tlh-associated hemolysis in these strains. Both strains exhibited significant, diverse antibiotic profiles (p < 0.05). Turbidimetric and viable count assays revealed the pasteurization-resistant V. parahaemolyticus VHT1/VHT2 (62 °C, 8 h). These findings disclose the efficiency of Vibrio extremist recovery by the modified, two-step enrichment technique and improve knowledge of Vibrio biology essential to food safety reformation.
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Hu YQ, Huang XH, Guo LQ, Shen ZC, LV LX, Li FX, Zhou ZH, Zhang DF. Rapid and Visual Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Aquatic Foods Using blaCARB-17 Gene-Based Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Lateral Flow Dipstick (LAMP-LFD). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1672-1683. [PMID: 34489378 PMCID: PMC9705909 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as one of the most important foodborne pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. The blaCARB-17 gene is an intrinsic β-lactamase gene and a novel species-specific genetic marker of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed targeting this blaCARB-17 gene. The specificity of LAMP-LFD was ascertained by detecting V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and seven other non-V. parahaemolyticus strains. Finally, the practicability of LAMP-LFD was confirmed by detection with V. parahaemolyticus-contaminated samples and natural food samples. The results showed that the optimized reaction parameters of LAMP are as follows: 2.4 mmol/l Mg2+, 0.96 mmol/l dNTPs, 4.8 U Bst DNA polymerase, and an 8:1 ratio of inner primer to outer primer, at 63°C for 40 min. The optimized reaction time of the LFD assay is 60 min. Cross-reactivity analysis with the seven non-V. parahaemolyticus strains showed that LAMP-LFD was exclusively specific for V. parahaemolyticus. The detection limit of LAMP-LFD for V. parahaemolyticus genomic DNA was 2.1 × 10-4 ng/μl, corresponding to 630 fg/reaction and displaying a sensitivity that is 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. LAMP-LFD in a spiking study revealed a detection limit of approximately 6 CFU/ml, which was similar with conventional PCR. The developed LAMP-LFD specifically identified the 10 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from 30 seafood samples, suggesting that this LAMP-LFD may be a suitable diagnostic method for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-qing Hu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y.Q. Hu Phone: +86 596 2528735 Fax: +86 596 2528735 E-mail:
| | - Xian-hui Huang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Li-qing Guo
- Zhangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-chen Shen
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Lin-xue LV
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-xia Li
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Zan-hu Zhou
- Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Zhangzhou Customs, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-feng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China,
D.F. Zhang E-mail:
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Onohuean H, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Epidemiologic potentials and correlational analysis of Vibrio species and virulence toxins from water sources in greater Bushenyi districts, Uganda. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22429. [PMID: 34789791 PMCID: PMC8599681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate water supply is one of the public health issues among the population living in low-income settings. Vibriosis remain a significant health challenge drawing the attention of both healthcare planners and researchers in South West districts of Uganda. Intending to clamp down the disease cases in the safest water deprive locality, we investigated the virulent toxins as contaminants and epidemiologic potentials of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in greater Bushenyi districts, Uganda. Surface water sources within 46 villages located in the study districts were obtained between June and October 2018. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used to analyse samples. Our results showed that 981 presumptive isolates retrieved cell counts of 10-100 CFU/g, with, with (640) 65% confirmed as Vibrio genus using polymerase chain reaction, which is distributed as follows; V. vulnificus 46/640 (7.2%), V. fluvialis 30/594 (5.1), V. parahaemolyticus 21/564 (3.7), V. cholera 5/543 (0.9), V. alginolyticus 62/538 (11.5) and V. mimicus 20/476 (4.2). The virulence toxins observed were heat-stable enterotoxin (stn) 46 (82.10%), V. vulnificus virulence gene (vcgCPI) 40 (87.00%), extracellular haemolysin gene {vfh 21 (70.00)} and Heme utilization protein gene {hupO 5 (16.70)}. The cluster analysis depicts hupO (4.46% n = 112); vfh (18.75%, n = 112); vcgCPI and stn (35.71%, & 41.07%, n = 112). The principal component analysis revealed the toxins (hupO, vfh) were correlated with the isolate recovered from Bohole water (BW) source, while (vcgCPI, stn) toxins are correlated with natural raw water (NRW) and open springs (OS) water sources isolates. Such observation indicates that surface waters sources are highly contaminated with an odds ratio of 1.00, 95% CI (70.48-90.5), attributed risk of (aR = 64.29) and relative risk of (RR = 73.91). In addition, it also implies that the surface waters sources have > 1 risk of contamination with vfh and > six times of contamination with hupO (aR = 40, - 66). This is a call of utmost importance to the population, which depends on these water sources to undertake appropriate sanitation, personal hygienic practices and potential measures that ensure water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Verma P, Chattopadhyay K. Current Perspective on the Membrane-Damaging Action of Thermostable Direct Hemolysin, an Atypical Bacterial Pore-forming Toxin. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717147. [PMID: 34368235 PMCID: PMC8343067 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) is the major virulence determinant of the gastroenteric bacterial pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. TDH is a membrane-damaging pore-forming toxin (PFT). TDH shares remarkable structural similarity with the actinoporin family of eukaryotic PFTs produced by the sea anemones. Unlike most of the PFTs, it exists as tetramer in solution, and such assembly state is crucial for its functionality. Although the structure of the tetrameric assembly of TDH in solution is known, membrane pore structure is not available yet. Also, the specific membrane-interaction mechanisms of TDH, and the exact role of any receptor(s) in such process, still remain unclear. In this mini review, we discuss some of the unique structural and physicochemical properties of TDH, and their implications for the membrane-damaging action of the toxin. We also present our current understanding regarding the membrane pore-formation mechanism of this atypical bacterial PFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, India
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Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A, Igbinosa IH, Ogofure AG, Uwhuba KE. Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus From African Salad in Southern Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632266. [PMID: 34168622 PMCID: PMC8217614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for minimally processed vegetables (African salad) has increased partly due to its inclusion in ready-to-eat foods. Nevertheless, the associated risk of the presence of emergent foodborne pathogens, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus might be underestimated. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize foodborne V. parahaemolyticus from minimally processed vegetables using culture-based methods and molecular approach. A total of 300 samples were examined from retail outlets between November 2018 and August 2019 from Southern Nigeria. The prevalence of vibrios from the overall samples based on the colonial proliferation of yellow, blue-green and/or green colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar was 74/300 (24.6%). An average of two green or blue-green colonies from respective plates was screened for V. parahaemolyticus using analytical profile index (API) 20 NE. Polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the identity of positive V. parahaemolyticus. The counts of V. parahaemolyticus ranged from 1.5 to 1,000 MPN/g. A total of 63 recovered V. parahaemolyticus were characterized further. The resistance profile of the isolates include ampicillin 57/63 (90.5%), cefotaxime 41/63 (65.1%), ceftazidime 30/63 (47.6%), amikacin 32/63 (50.8%), kanamycin 15/63 (23.8%), and oxytetracycline 16/63 (25.4%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0–0.81. The formation of biofilm by the isolates revealed the following: strong formation 15/63 (23.8%), moderate formation 31/63 (49.2%), weak formation 12/63 (19.1%), and no formation 5/63 (7.9%). A total of 63/63 (100%), 9/63 (14.3%), and 20/63 (31.8%) of the isolates harbored the tox R gene, TDH-related hemolysin (trh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) determinants respectively. The isolates with O2 serogroup were most prevalent via PCR. Isolates that were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol possessed resistant genes. The presence of multidrug-resistant vibrios in the minimally processed vegetables constitutes a public health risk and thus necessitates continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Isoken H Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abraham G Ogofure
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Kate E Uwhuba
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
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Sivakumar K, Kannappan S, Vijayakumar B, Jithendran KP, Balasubramaniam S, Panigrahi A. Molecular docking study of bio-inhibitors extracted from marine macro-alga Ulva fasciata against hemolysin protein of luminescence disease-causing Vibrio harveyi. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4243-4258. [PMID: 34097104 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Shrimp grow-out and hatchery systems are being affected by bacterial disease particularly Vibrios. The use of chemotherapeutic agents in aquaculture practices has to lead to the development of resistance among aquatic bacteria. Thus, health management becomes of major importance in aquaculture. Under this situation, progressing bio-inhibitors from marine resources are most appropriate to be considered against pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking is an appropriate tool in structural biology and computer-assisted drug design to predict and neutralize a target protein of known diseases. In this study, marine macro-alga Ulva fasciata was aimed at developing inhibitors against luminescence disease-causing pathogenic bacteria Vibrio harveyi. U. fasciata was collected from Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Extract of U. fasciata was tested against growth and virulence factors of V. harveyi during Penaeus monodon larviculture. Further U. fasciata extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify the biomolecules. The homology modeling of virulent protein, hemolysin of V. harveyi was designed in this study. Hence, it was aimed for molecular docking against the biomolecules identified from U. fasciata extract. During shrimp larviculture, the extract of U. fasciata (200 μg mL-1) exhibited reduction on Cumulative Percentage of Mortality (32.40%) in postlarvae against challenge of V. harveyi infection. Biomolecule Methyl dehydroabietate had showed highest binding affinity among the compounds was evaluated in molecular docking study. Statistical analysis had revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in trials. Therefore, it was proved that the bio-inhibitors from U. fasciata will be a better option for controlling luminescence disease-causing V. harveyi in shrimp grow-out practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Sivakumar
- ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kattupakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India. .,Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India.
| | - Sudalayandi Kannappan
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - Balakrishnan Vijayakumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin At Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Sivamani Balasubramaniam
- Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - Akshaya Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
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Microbiome Analysis Reveals Diversity and Function of Mollicutes Associated with the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. mSphere 2021; 6:6/3/e00227-21. [PMID: 33980678 PMCID: PMC8125052 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00227-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their biological and ecological significance, a mechanistic characterization of microbiome function is frequently missing from many nonmodel marine invertebrates. As an initial step toward filling this gap for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, this study provides an integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of the oyster microbiome using samples from a coastal salt pond in August 2017. Marine invertebrate microbiomes play important roles in diverse host and ecological processes. However, a mechanistic understanding of host-microbe interactions is currently available for a small number of model organisms. Here, an integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of the microbiome of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was performed using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon profiling, shotgun metagenomics, and genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Relatively high variability of the microbiome was observed across individual oysters and among different tissue types. Specifically, a significantly higher alpha diversity was observed in the inner shell than in the gut, gill, mantle, and pallial fluid samples, and a distinct microbiome composition was revealed in the gut compared to other tissues examined in this study. Targeted metagenomic sequencing of the gut microbiota led to further characterization of a dominant bacterial taxon, the class Mollicutes, which was captured by the reconstruction of a metagenome-assembled genome (MAG). Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the oyster Mollicutes MAG revealed a reduced set of metabolic functions and a high reliance on the uptake of host-derived nutrients. A chitin degradation and an arginine deiminase pathway were unique to the MAG compared to closely related genomes of Mollicutes isolates, indicating distinct mechanisms of carbon and energy acquisition by the oyster-associated Mollicutes. A systematic reanalysis of public eastern oyster-derived microbiome data revealed a high prevalence of the Mollicutes among adult oyster guts and a significantly lower relative abundance of the Mollicutes in oyster larvae and adult oyster biodeposits. IMPORTANCE Despite their biological and ecological significance, a mechanistic characterization of microbiome function is frequently missing from many nonmodel marine invertebrates. As an initial step toward filling this gap for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, this study provides an integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of the oyster microbiome using samples from a coastal salt pond in August 2017. The study identified high variability of the microbiome across tissue types and among individual oysters, with some dominant taxa showing higher relative abundance in specific tissues. A high prevalence of Mollicutes in the adult oyster gut was revealed by comparative analysis of the gut, biodeposit, and larva microbiomes. Phylogenomic analysis and metabolic reconstruction suggested the oyster-associated Mollicutes is closely related but functionally distinct from Mollicutes isolated from other marine invertebrates. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first metagenomics-derived functional inference of Mollicutes in the eastern oyster microbiome.
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Restrepo L, Domínguez-Borbor C, Bajaña L, Betancourt I, Rodríguez J, Bayot B, Reyes A. Microbial community characterization of shrimp survivors to AHPND challenge test treated with an effective shrimp probiotic (Vibrio diabolicus). MICROBIOME 2021; 9:88. [PMID: 33845910 PMCID: PMC8042889 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an important shrimp bacterial disease caused by some Vibrio species. The severity of the impact of this disease on aquaculture worldwide has made it necessary to develop alternatives to prophylactic antibiotics use, such as the application of probiotics. To assess the potential to use probiotics in order to limit the detrimental effects of AHNPD, we evaluated the effect of the ILI strain, a Vibrio sp. bacterium and efficient shrimp probiotic, using metabarcoding (16S rRNA gene) on the gastrointestinal microbiota of shrimp after being challenged with AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus. RESULTS We showed how the gastrointestinal microbiome of shrimp varied between healthy and infected organisms. Nevertheless, a challenge of working with AHPND-causing Vibrio pathogens and Vibrio-related bacteria as probiotics is the potential risk of the probiotic strain becoming pathogenic. Consequently, we evaluated whether ILI strain can acquire the plasmid pV-AHPND via horizontal transfer and further cause the disease in shrimp. Conjugation assays were performed resulting in a high frequency (70%) of colonies harboring the pv-AHPND. However, no shrimp mortality was observed when transconjugant colonies of the ILI strain were used in a challenge test using healthy shrimp. We sequenced the genome of the ILI strain and performed comparative genomics analyses using AHPND and non-AHPND Vibrio isolates. Using available phylogenetic and phylogenomics analyses, we reclassified the ILI strain as Vibrio diabolicus. In summary, this work represents an effort to study the role that probiotics play in the normal gastrointestinal shrimp microbiome and in AHPND-infected shrimp, showing that the ILI probiotic was able to control pathogenic bacterial populations in the host's gastrointestinal tract and stimulate the shrimp's survival. The identification of probiotic bacterial species that are effective in the host's colonization is important to promote animal health and prevent disease. CONCLUSIONS This study describes probiotic bacteria capable of controlling pathogenic populations of bacteria in the shrimp gastrointestinal tract. Our work provides new insights into the complex dynamics between shrimp and the changes in the microbiota. It also addresses the practical application of probiotics to solve problems with pathogens that cause high mortality-rate in shrimp farming around the world. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Restrepo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Leandro Bajaña
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Irma Betancourt
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jenny Rodríguez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Bonny Bayot
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas, CENAIM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, FIMCM, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Alejandro Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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22
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Santos RA, Oliva-Teles A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Enes P, Serra CR. Isolation and Characterization of Fish-Gut Bacillus spp. as Source of Natural Antimicrobial Compounds to Fight Aquaculture Bacterial Diseases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:276-293. [PMID: 33544251 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is responsible for more than 50% of global seafood consumption. Bacterial diseases are a major constraint to this sector and associated with misuse of antibiotics, pose serious threats to public health. Fish-symbionts, co-inhabitants of fish pathogens, might be a promising source of natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) alternative to antibiotics, limiting bacterial diseases occurrence in aquafarms. In particular, sporeforming Bacillus spp. are known for their probiotic potential and production of NACs antagonistic of bacterial pathogens and are abundant in aquaculture fish guts. Harnessing the fish-gut microbial community potential, 172 sporeforming strains producing NACs were isolated from economically important aquaculture fish species, namely European seabass, gilthead seabream, and white seabream. We demonstrated that they possess anti-growth, anti-biofilm, or anti-quorum-sensing activities, to control bacterial infections and 52% of these isolates effectively antagonized important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. bivalvium, A. veronii, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. By in vitro quantification of sporeformers' capacity to suppress growth and biofilm formation of fish pathogens, and by assessing their potential to interfere with pathogens communication, we identified three promising candidates to become probiotics or source of bioactive molecules to be used in aquaculture against bacterial aquaculture diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Instituto Português Do Mar E da Atmosfera (IPMA), Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Bionetworks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, NJ, 08060, Eastampton, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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23
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Lu L, Li M, Li Y, Jiang M, Jiang Y, Shi X, Zuo L, Wang L, Bian S, Qiu Y, Cai R, Liao Y, Li Q, Li L, Hu Q. A Novel Molecular Method for Simultaneous Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 57 K-Serogroups Using Probe Melting Curve Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:594808. [PMID: 33718262 PMCID: PMC7953158 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.594808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is crucial to the surveillance and detection of outbreaks of vibriosis infection, has been widely used in many countries. In this study, we developed a molecular assay, named multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis (MLMA), for simultaneous identification of V. parahaemolyticus 57 K-serogroups. Based on the previous genomes of 418 strains including 39 K-serogroups and the 18 K-serogroups sequences from public databases, we obtained 57 K-serogroups specific gene sequences for designing primers and probes. The developed MLMA assay for identifying the V. parahaemolyticus 57 K-serogroups showed high reproducibility, with the intra- and inter-assay standard deviations and coefficients of variation of no more than 1°C and 1%, respectively. The limit of detection for all gene targets ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/µl. We validated the MLMA assay with a double-blind test identifying 595 V. parahaemolyticus isolates using conventional serotyping methods for comparison. The results showed the kappa value between the MLMA assay and the traditional serological method was 0.936 and that there was a 96.97% consistency rate with conventional serotyping methods for all detected isolates. Additionally, five rare K-serogroups were identified using the MLMA assay, as well as 18 strains that could not be identified using the traditional serotyping method. Thus, the MLMA assay provides a rapid, robust, and promising tool for the molecular serotyping of V. parahaemolyticus K-serogroups and has the potential application to the detection of outbreaks and surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Lu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Minxu Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Zuo
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengzhe Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqun Qiu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingge Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Vazquez-Morado LE, Robles-Zepeda RE, Ochoa-Leyva A, Arvizu-Flores AA, Garibay-Escobar A, Castillo-Yañez F, Lopez-Zavala AA. Biochemical characterization and inhibition of thermolabile hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus by phenolic compounds. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10506. [PMID: 33505784 PMCID: PMC7796666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), a typical microorganism inhabiting marine ecosystems, uses pathogenic virulence molecules such as hemolysins to cause bacterial infections of both human and marine animals. The thermolabile hemolysin VpTLH lyses human erythrocytes by a phospholipase B/A2 enzymatic activity in egg-yolk lecithin. However, few studies have been characterized the biochemical properties and the use of VpTLH as a molecular target for natural compounds as an alternative to control Vp infection. Here, we evaluated the biochemical and inhibition parameters of the recombinant VpTLH using enzymatic and hemolytic assays and determined the molecular interactions by in silico docking analysis. The highest enzymatic activity was at pH 8 and 50 °C, and it was inactivated by 20 min at 60 °C with Tm = 50.9 °C. Additionally, the flavonoids quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, and morin inhibited the VpTLH activity with IC50 values of 4.5 µM, 6.3 µM, and 9.9 µM, respectively; while phenolics acids were not effective inhibitors for this enzyme. Boltzmann and Arrhenius equation analysis indicate that VpTLH is a thermolabile enzyme. The inhibition of both enzymatic and hemolytic activities by flavonoids agrees with molecular docking, suggesting that flavonoids could interact with the active site’s amino acids. Future research is necessary to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids against Vp in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Vazquez-Morado
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ramon E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Aldo A Arvizu-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garibay-Escobar
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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25
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Bian S, Zeng W, Li Q, Li Y, Wong NK, Jiang M, Zuo L, Hu Q, Li L. Genetic Structure, Function, and Evolution of Capsule Biosynthesis Loci in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:546150. [PMID: 33505361 PMCID: PMC7829505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.546150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsule-forming extracellular polysaccharides are crucial for bacterial host colonization, invasion, immune evasion, and ultimately pathogenicity. Due to warming ocean waters and human encroachment of coastal ecosystems, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has emerged as a globally important foodborne enteropathogen implicated in acute gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septic shock. Conventionally, the antigenic properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, O antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS, K antigen) have provided a basis for serotyping V. parahaemolyticus, whereas disclosure of genetic elements encoding 13 O-serogroups have allowed molecular serotyping methods to be developed. However, the genetic structure of CPS loci for 71 K-serogroups has remained unidentified, limiting progress in understanding its roles in V. parahaemolyticus pathophysiology. In this study, we identified and characterized the genetic structure and their evolutionary relationship of CPS loci of 40 K-serogroups through whole genome sequencing of 443 V. parahaemolyticus strains. We found a distinct pattern of CPS gene cluster across different K-serogroups and expanded its new 3'-border by identifying glpX as a key gene conserved across all K-serogroups. A total of 217 genes involved in CPS biosynthesis were annotated. Functional contents and genetic structure of the 40 K-serogroups were analyzed. Based on inferences from species trees and gene trees, we proposed an evolution model of the CPS gene clusters of 40 K-serogroups. Horizontal gene transfer by recombination from other Vibrio species, gene duplication is likely to play instrumental roles in the evolution of CPS in V. parahaemolyticus. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a large scale of CPS gene clusters of different K-serogroups in V. parahaemolyticus have been identified and characterized in evolutionary contexts. This work should help advance understanding on the variation of CPS in V. parahaemolyticus and provide a framework for developing diagnostically relevant serotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Bian
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, Shenzhen, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Zeng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Zuo
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Hu M, Zhang H, Gu D, Ma Y, Zhou X. Identification of a novel bacterial receptor that binds tail tubular proteins and mediates phage infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:855-867. [PMID: 32306848 PMCID: PMC7241545 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1754134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of phages to hosts is the first step of phage infection. Studies have shown that tailed phages use tail fibres or spikes to recognize bacterial receptors and mediate adsorption. However, whether other phage tail components can also recognize host receptors is unknown. To identify potential receptors, we screened a transposon mutagenesis library of the marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus and discovered that a vp0980 mutant (vp0980 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein) could not be lysed by phage OWB. Complementation of this mutant with wild-type vp0980 in trans restored phage-mediated lysis. Phage adsorption and confocal microscopy assays demonstrated that phage OWB had dramatically reduced adsorption to the vp0980 mutant compared to that to the wild type. Pulldown assays showed that phage tail tubular proteins A and B (TTPA and TTPB) interact with Vp0980, suggesting that Vp0980 is a TTPA and TTPB receptor. Vp0980 lacking the outer membrane region (aa 114–127) could not bind to TTPA and TTPB, resulting in reduced phage adsorption. These results strongly indicated that TTPA and TTPB binding with their receptor Vp0980 mediates phage adsorption and subsequent bacterial lysis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of a bacterial receptor for phage tail tubular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhi Hu
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dan Gu
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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27
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Chimalapati S, de Souza Santos M, Lafrance AE, Ray A, Lee WR, Rivera-Cancel G, Vale G, Pawlowski K, Mitsche MA, McDonald JG, Liou J, Orth K. Vibrio deploys type 2 secreted lipase to esterify cholesterol with host fatty acids and mediate cell egress. eLife 2020; 9:58057. [PMID: 32808593 PMCID: PMC7434443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens find diverse niches for survival including inside a host cell where replication occurs in a relatively protective environment. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses its type 3 secretion system 2 (T3SS2) to invade and replicate inside host cells. Analysis of the T3SS2 pathogenicity island encoding the T3SS2 appeared to lack a mechanism for egress of this bacterium from the invaded host cell. Using a combination of molecular tools, we found that VPA0226, a constitutively secreted lipase, is required for escape of V. parahaemolyticus from the host cells. This lipase must be delivered into the host cytoplasm where it preferentially uses fatty acids associated with innate immune response to esterify cholesterol, weakening the plasma membrane and allowing egress of the bacteria. This study reveals the resourcefulness of microbes and the interplay between virulence systems and host cell resources to evolve an ingenious scheme for survival and escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Marcela de Souza Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Alexander E Lafrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ann Ray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Giomar Rivera-Cancel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gonçalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Krzysztof Pawlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthew A Mitsche
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Narayanan SV, Joseph TC, Peeralil S, Mothadaka MP, Lalitha KV. Prevalence, Virulence Characterization, AMR Pattern and Genetic Relatedness of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates From Retail Seafood of Kerala, India. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32318050 PMCID: PMC7154082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic bacterium often found in the marine or estuarine environment is a well-known enteropathogen responsible for foodborne outbreaks associated with seafood. The pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus are marked by the presence of thermostable direct hemoylsin (tdh) and/or TDH related hemolysin (trh) genes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in selected retail markets of Cochin, Kerala, along the south-western coast of the Indian subcontinent. One hundred samples collected from 10 retail markets were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the 721 presumptive isolates, 648 were confirmed to be V. parahaemolyticus by toxR gene amplification, among which 29 were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. Among these potentially pathogenic isolates, 17 possessed the tdh gene whereas none of them had the trh gene. The faint amplification bands produced during the amplification of tdh gene from two isolates was confirmed by sequencing. Multiplex O serotyping identified O1 serotype as the most prevalent serotype among the 29 potentially pathogenic isolates. Further, studies on the pandemic nature of these isolates revealed that 14 of the 29 were positive for the PGS-PCR, whereas all the isolates were negative for GS-PCR and HU-α PCR. The antibiogram of the isolates revealed that three isolates had significant Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of 0.2 or above. Pathogenic isolates resistant to second, third and fourth generation Cephalosporins were found to be present in the seafood studied. The molecular fingerprinting studies using ERIC-PCR, and PFGE revealed that three of these isolates shared close genetic similarities with the clinical strains. The environmental and seafood isolates that produced faint amplification bands during the amplification of tdh gene suggests that the tdh gene often goes undetected in environmental isolates. The conventional methods used to identify the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus would be good for clinical isolates, but a more elaborate method is recommended for the detection of tdh gene in environmental isolates. This is the first comprehensive study on pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Kerala, India and demonstrates for the first time, the isolation of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, carrying tdh gene from seafood collected from retail markets in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith V Narayanan
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India.,Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Toms C Joseph
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Shaheer Peeralil
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Mukteswar P Mothadaka
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Kuttanappilly V Lalitha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
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Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio sp. Strain OCN044, Isolated from Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/12/e00042-20. [PMID: 32193232 PMCID: PMC7082451 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00042-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio sp. strain OCN044 is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium found in marine environments. Presented here is the whole-draft genome sequence of nonpathogenic Vibrio sp. strain OCN044, isolated from a healthy Acropora cytherea colony off the western reef terrace of Palmyra Atoll.
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Alarcón Elvira F, Pardío Sedas VT, Martínez Herrera D, Quintana Castro R, Oliart Ros RM, López Hernández K, Flores Primo A, Ramírez Elvira K. Comparative Survival and the Cold-Induced Gene Expression of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus from Tropical Eastern Oysters during Cold Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061836. [PMID: 32178325 PMCID: PMC7143714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the regulatory stress rpoS gene controls the transcription of cspA genes, which are involved in survival and adaptation to low temperatures. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth kinetics of naturally occurring V. parahaemolyticus in shellstock oysters and in vitro and the cold-shock-induced expression of the rpoS and cspA gene response in vitro during postharvest refrigeration. Naturally contaminated eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and pathogenic (Vp-tdh) and nonpathogenic (Vp-tlh) isolates were stored at 7 ± 1 °C for 168 h and 216 h, respectively. The regulatory stress (rpos) and cold-shock (cspA) gene expressions were determined by reverse transcription PCR. At 24 h, the (Vp-tdh) strain grew faster (p < 0.05) than the (Vp-tlh) strain in oysters (λ = 0.33, 0.39, respectively) and in vitro (λ = 0.89, 37.65, respectively), indicating a better adaptation to cold shock for the (Vp-tdh) strain in live oysters and in vitro. At 24 h, the (Vp-tdh) strain rpoS and cspA gene expressions were upregulated by 1.9 and 2.3-fold, respectively, but the (Vp-tlh) strain rpoS and cspA gene expressions were repressed and upregulated by -0.024 and 1.9-fold, respectively. The V. parahaemolyticus strains that were isolated from tropical oysters have adaptive expression changes to survive and grow at 7 °C, according to their virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alarcón Elvira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Violeta T. Pardío Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-229-9342075 (ext. 24125); Fax: +52-229-9342075 (ext. 24104)
| | - David Martínez Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Rodolfo Quintana Castro
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Iturbide s/n, Col. Centro, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91700, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María Oliart Ros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Av. Miguel A. de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Ver. 91897, Mexico;
| | - Karla López Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Argel Flores Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
| | - Karen Ramírez Elvira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yáñez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Ver. CP 91710, Mexico; (F.A.E.); (D.M.H.); (K.L.H.); (A.F.P.); (K.R.E.)
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Santos HM, Tsai CY, Maquiling KRA, Tayo LL, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Lee CW, Chuang KP. Diagnosis and potential treatments for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND): a review. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL : JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2020; 28:169-185. [PMID: 32834683 PMCID: PMC7223513 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-019-00451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or formerly known as early mortality syndrome (EMS) is an emerging disease that has caused significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The primary causative agent of AHPND is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that has gained plasmids encoding the fatal binary toxins Pir A/Pir B that cause rapid death of the infected shrimp. In this review, the current research studies and information about AHPND in shrimps have been presented. Molecular diagnostic tools and potential treatments regarding AHPND were also included. This review also includes relevant findings which may serve as guidelines that can help for further investigation and studies on AHPND or other shrimp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey M. Santos
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912 Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912 Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Kenth Roger A. Maquiling
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, 1002 Intramuros, Manila Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, 1002 Intramuros, Manila Philippines
| | - Abdul R. Mariatulqabtiah
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chi-Wen Lee
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Kuo Pin Chuang
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912 Pingtung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912 Pingtung Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912 Pingtung Taiwan
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Kundu N, Verma P, Kumar A, Dhar V, Dutta S, Chattopadhyay K. N-Terminal Region of Vibrio parahemolyticus Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Regulates the Membrane-Damaging Action of the Toxin. Biochemistry 2019; 59:605-614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kundu
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Pratima Verma
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vinica Dhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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Geng Y, Tan K, Liu L, Sun XX, Zhao B, Wang J. Development and evaluation of a rapid and sensitive RPA assay for specific detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:186. [PMID: 31409301 PMCID: PMC6693139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a leading cause of food poisoning and is of great importance to public health due to the frequency and seriousness of the diseases. The simple, timely and efficient detection of this pathogen is a major concern worldwide. In this study, we established a simple and rapid method based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the determination of V. parahaemolyticus. According to the gyrB gene sequences of V. parahaemolyticus available in GenBank, specific primers and an exo probe were designed for establishing real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time RPA). Results The real-time RPA reaction was performed successfully at 38 °C, and results were obtained within 20 min. The method only detected V. parahaemolyticus and did not show cross-reaction with other bacteria, exhibiting a high level of specificity. The study showed that the detection limit (LOD) of real-time RPA was 1.02 × 102 copies/reaction. For artificially contaminated samples with different bacteria concentrations, V. parahaemolyticus could be detected within 5–12 min by real-time RPA in oyster sauce, codfish and sleeve-fish at concentrations as low as 4 CFU/25 g, 1 CFU/25 g and 7 CFU/25 g, respectively, after enrichment for 6 h, but were detected in a minimum of 35 min by real-time PCR (Ct values between 27 and 32). Conclusion This study describes a simple, rapid, and reliable method for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus, which could potentially be applied in the research laboratory and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No.20, Road E. 2nd Ring South, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No.20, Road E. 2nd Ring South, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.,Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xia Sun
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.,Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No.20, Road E. 2nd Ring South, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China. .,Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No.318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Hash S, Martinez-Viedma MP, Fung F, Han JE, Yang P, Wong C, Doraisamy L, Menon S, Lightner D. Nuclear magnetic resonance biosensor for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biomed J 2019; 42:187-192. [PMID: 31466712 PMCID: PMC6717750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative bacterium widely distributed in marine environments and a well-recognized invertebrate pathogen frequently isolated from seafood. V. parahaemolyticus may also spread into humans, via contaminated, raw, or undercooked seafood, causing gastroenteritis and diarrhea. METHODS A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based detection system was used to detect pathogenic levels of this microorganism (105 CFU/ml) with Molecular Mirroring using iron nanoparticles coated with target-specific biomarkers capable of binding to DNA of the target microorganism. The NMR system generates a signal (in milliseconds) by measuring NMR spin-spin relaxation time T2, which correlates with the amount of microorganism DNA. RESULTS Compared with conventional microbiology techniques such as real-time PCR (qPCR), the NMR biosensor showed similar limits of detection (LOD) at different concentrations (105-108 CFU/ml) using two DNA extraction methods. In addition, the NMR biosensor system can detect a wide range of microorganism DNAs in different matrices within a short period of time. CONCLUSION NMR biosensor represents a potential tool for diagnostic and quality control to ensure microbial pathogens such as V. parahaemolyticus are not the cause of infection. The "hybrid" technology (NMR and nanoparticle application) opens a new platform for detecting other microbial pathogens that have impacted human health, animal health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hash
- Department of Research and Development, Menon Biosensors Inc., Escondido, CA, USA
| | | | - Fred Fung
- Division of Occupational Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine and Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jee Eun Han
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Menon Biosensors Inc., Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Charlene Wong
- Department of Research and Development, Menon Biosensors Inc., Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Loganathan Doraisamy
- Department of Research and Development, Menon Biosensors Inc., Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Suresh Menon
- Department of Research and Development, Menon Biosensors Inc., Escondido, CA, USA.
| | - Donald Lightner
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Baliga P, Shekar M, Venugopal MN. Detection and characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated endoribonuclease gene variants in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafoods and environment. Vet World 2019; 12:689-695. [PMID: 31327905 PMCID: PMC6584859 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.689-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated cas6 endoribonuclease gene has been shown to exhibit sequence diversity and has been subtyped into four major types based on its length and composition. In this study, we aimed to detect and characterize the cas6 gene variants prevalent among V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafoods and environment. Materials and Methods: Novel primers were designed for each of the cas6 subtypes to validate their identification in V. parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 38 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafoods and environment were screened for the presence of cas6 gene. Few representative PCR products were sequenced, and their phylogenetic relationship was established to available cas6 gene sequences in GenBank database. Results: Of the 38 V. parahaemolyticus isolates screened, only about 40% of strains harbored the cas6 endoribonuclease gene, among which 31.6% and 7.9% of the isolates were positive for the presence of the cas6-a and cas6-d subtypes of the gene, respectively. The subtypes cas6-b and cas6-c were absent in strains studied. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis also established the cas6 sequences in this study to match GenBank sequences for cas6-a and cas6-d subtypes. Conclusion: In V. parahaemolyticus, the Cas6 endoribonuclease is an associated protein of the CRISPR-cas system. CRISPR-positive strains exhibited genotypic variation for this gene. Primers designed in this study would aid in identifying the cas6 genotype and understanding the role of these genotypes in the CRISPR-cas immune system of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Baliga
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Malathi Shekar
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Moleyur Nagarajappa Venugopal
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Song J, Hou HM, Wu HY, Li KX, Wang Y, Zhou QQ, Zhang GL. Transcriptomic Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Reveals Different Virulence Gene Expression in Response to Benzyl Isothiocyanate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040761. [PMID: 30791538 PMCID: PMC6412943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood is a pathogenic microorganism that leads to several acute diseases that are harmful to our health and is frequently transmitted by food. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the control and suppression of this pathogen. In this paper, transcriptional analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment with benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) extracted from cruciferous vegetables on V. parahaemolyticus and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to BITC. Treatment with BITC resulted in 332 differentially expressed genes, among which 137 genes were downregulated, while 195 genes were upregulated. Moreover, six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA sequencing studies were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Genes found to regulate virulence encoded an l-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, a GGDEF family protein, the outer membrane protein OmpV, a flagellum-specific adenosine triphosphate synthase, TolQ protein and VirK protein. Hence, the results allow us to speculate that BITC may be an effective control strategy for inhibiting microorganisms growing in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Hong-Man Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Gong-Liang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Gao CH, Zhang M, Wu Y, Huang Q, Cai P. Divergent Influence to a Pathogen Invader by Resident Bacteria with Different Social Interactions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:76-86. [PMID: 29858645 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial social interaction is a potential influencing factor in determining the fate of invading pathogens in diverse environments. In this study, interactions between two representative resident species (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida) and a leading food-borne disease causative pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) were examined. An antagonistic effect toward V. parahaemolyticus was observed for B. subtilis but not for P. putida. However, the relative richness of the pathogen remained rather high in B. subtilis co-cultures and was, unexpectedly, not sensitive to the initial inoculation ratios. Furthermore, two approaches were found to be efficient at modulating the relative richness of the pathogen. (1) The addition of trace glycerol and manganese to Luria-Bertani medium (LBGM) reduced the richness of V. parahaemolyticus in the co-culture with B. subtilis and in contrast, increased its richness in the co-culture with P. putida, although it did not affect the growth of V. parahaemolyticus by its own. (2) The relative richness of V. parahaemolyticus on semisolid medium decreased significantly as a function of an agar gradient, ranging from 0 to 2%. Furthermore, we explored the molecular basis of bacterial interaction through transcriptomic analysis. In summary, we investigated the interactions between a pathogen invader and two resident bacteria species, showing that the different influences on a pathogen by different types of interactions can be modulated by chemicals and medium fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Jung SW. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with cross-contamination from squid in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2018; 40:e2018056. [PMID: 30727702 PMCID: PMC6367201 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2018056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Water-borne diseases caused by Vibrio parahemolyticus are often known to cause gastritis when raw or undercooked seafood is eaten. It is very rare that Vibrio gastritis caused by ingesting non-seafood products occurs on a large scale. On September 19, 2017, a large-scale Vibrio gastritis occurred after the city residents consumed food at a bazaar held in a welfare center in Jungnang-gu, Seoul. METHODS The total number of visitors was approximately 299, and 237 (79.3%) of them showed symptoms. Among those who showed symptoms, 116 (48.9%) consulted the hospital, and 53 (45.6%) were hospitalized. Among the 299 exposed individuals, 174 (58.1%) responded to this survey: 163 (93.6%) with and 11 (6.4%) without symptoms. This study was retrospectively conducted by investigating the exposed individuals. To investigate the spread of infection, medical staff of hospitals in the epidemic area were interviewed, exposed individuals surveyed, microbiological testing conducted, and ingredient handling and cooking processes investigated. RESULTS A total of 237 individuals, including 6 food handlers, were affected (prevalence, 79.2%). During the microbiological testing, V. parahemolyticus was found in 34 patients and 4 food handlers. In the consumption analysis, the relative risk of kimbap was 6.79 (confidence interval 1.10 to 41.69). In-depth investigation found that squid, an ingredient of Korean pancake, and egg sheets, an ingredient of kimbap, were prepared using the same cutting board and knife, which were thought to be the cause of cross-contamination that led to a large-scale outbreak of Vibrio gastritis. CONCLUSIONS A recent large-scale outbreak of Vibrio gastritis occurred due to the cross-contamination with kimbap during the preparation process of squid rather than the actual consumption of seafood. Thus, a more stringent hygiene management is necessary during the processing and management of food to prevent infections associated with V. parahemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wha Jung
- Environmental Health Division, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul, Korea
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Investigation of direct repeats, spacers and proteins associated with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:253-262. [PMID: 30357478 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a ubiquitous bacterium of the marine environment is an important food-borne pathogen responsible for gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of the CRISPR-Cas system in V. parahaemolyticus genomes using a bioinformatics approach. The CRISPR-Cas system functions as an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes that provides immunity against foreign genetic elements. In total, 570 genomes V. parahaemolyticus genomes were analyzed of which 200 confirmed for the presence of CRISPR-Cas system. The CRISPR-Cas loci were further analyzed for their repeats, spacers and associated Cas proteins. Among the 200 V. parahaemolyticus strains analyzed, 16 (8%) strains possessed the CRISPR-Cas system of complete subtype I-F, while the remaining 184 (92%) harbored the minimalistic type, a subtype I-F variant. Orphan CRISPR repeats and Cas genes were found in one strain each. The CRISPR-associated direct repeat had an unit length of 28 bases. The number of repeat units in each array ranged from 3 to 5 or 5-41 depending on whether they belonged to the minimalistic or complete subtype-IF CRISPR-Cas system, respectively. Of the 768 spacers analyzed in this study, 295 were found to be unique to V. parahaemolyticus. Homology analysis of the conserved spacers revealed matches to plasmids, phages and gut viruses and self chromosomes. Among the CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas5 and Cas7 proteins were found to be conserved. However, variations were seen in the Cas6 protein, which could be grouped into four different types based on their protein length as well as amino acid composition. We present here the diversity and main features of the CRISPR-Cas system in V. parahaemolyticus, which could provide valuable insights in elucidating the role and mechanism of CRISPR/Cas elements in this pathogen.
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Niu B, Hong B, Zhang Z, Mu L, Malakar PK, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y. A Novel qPCR Method for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Viable Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( tlh+ , tdh+ , and ureR + ). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1747. [PMID: 30116230 PMCID: PMC6083054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic and non-pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were simultaneously detected and quantified using a novel viable multiplex real-time PCR (novel qPCR). We used a new PCR primer and probe, ureR, as a surrogate for detection of the toxin trh gene as the primer was better at identifying variant V. parahaemolyticus trh strains. The specificity of all primers and probes used in this study were validated on three standard strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 42 clinical strains, 12 wild strains, 4 strains of Vibrio spp., and 4 strains of other bacteria. Then, propidium monoazide (PMA) was applied to inhibit DNA of dead cell, and the results of PMA optimized treatments were 15 μM concentration, 5 min incubation periods, 15 min light exposure periods and 30 RPM rotational speed, which resulted in time and cost savings. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains were quantified using a two-reaction tube method where the tlh, tdh, and ureR genes were amplified. Additionally, standard curves with a 7-log dynamic range were generated for quantifying viable V. parahaemolyticus and the amplification efficiencies were 108.68, 105.17, and 115.61% for tlh+, tdh+, and ureR+. This novel qPCR accurately monitored V. parahaemolyticus contamination rates in shrimps (Penaeus vannamei) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) sampled from retail stores located in a major district in Shanghai. In conclusion, our assay can prioritize the detection and quantification of viable pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and can prove to be a more effective tool for reducing infection risks from consumption of seafood in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Mu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pradeep K Malakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
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41
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The Transcriptional Regulator HlyU Positively Regulates Expression of exsA, Leading to Type III Secretion System 1 Activation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00653-17. [PMID: 29440251 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00653-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium that is globally recognized as the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis. V. parahaemolyticus uses various toxins and two type 3 secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2) to subvert host cells during infection. We previously determined that V. parahaemolyticus T3SS-1 activity is upregulated by increasing the expression level of the master regulator ExsA under specific growth conditions. In this study, we set out to identify V. parahaemolyticus genes responsible for linking environmental and growth signals to exsA gene expression. Using transposon mutagenesis in combination with a sensitive and quantitative luminescence screen, we identify HlyU and H-NS as two antagonistic regulatory proteins controlling the expression of exsA and, hence, T3SS-1 in V. parahaemolyticus Disruption of hns leads to constitutive unregulated exsA gene expression, consistent with its known role in repressing exsA transcription. In contrast, genetic disruption of hlyU completely abrogated exsA expression and T3SS-1 activity. A V. parahaemolyticushlyU null mutant was significantly deficient for T3SS-1-mediated host cell death during in vitro infection. DNA footprinting studies with purified HlyU revealed a 56-bp protected DNA region within the exsA promoter that contains an inverted repeat sequence. Genetic evidence suggests that HlyU acts as a derepressor, likely by displacing H-NS from the exsA promoter, leading to exsA gene expression and appropriately regulated T3SS-1 activity. Overall, the data implicate HlyU as a critical positive regulator of V. parahaemolyticus T3SS-1-mediated pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Many Vibrio species are zoonotic pathogens, infecting both animals and humans, resulting in significant morbidity and, in extreme cases, mortality. While many Vibrio species virulence genes are known, their associated regulation is often modestly understood. We set out to identify genetic factors of V. parahaemolyticus that are involved in activating exsA gene expression, a process linked to a type III secretion system involved in host cytotoxicity. We discover that V. parahaemolyticus employs a genetic regulatory switch involving H-NS and HlyU to control exsA promoter activity. While HlyU is a well-known positive regulator of Vibrio species virulence genes, this is the first report linking it to a transcriptional master regulator and type III secretion system paradigm.
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42
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Chung HY, Lee B, Na EJ, Lee KH, Ryu S, Yoon H, Lee JH, Kim HB, Kim H, Jeong HG, Kim BS, Choi SH. Potential Survival and Pathogenesis of a Novel Strain, Vibrio parahaemolyticus FORC_022, Isolated From a Soy Sauce Marinated Crab by Genome and Transcriptome Analyses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30034383 PMCID: PMC6043650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause gastrointestinal illness through consumption of seafood. Despite frequent food-borne outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus, only 19 strains have subjected to complete whole-genome analysis. In this study, a novel strain of V. parahaemolyticus, designated FORC_022 (Food-borne pathogen Omics Research Center_022), was isolated from soy sauce marinated crabs, and its genome and transcriptome were analyzed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms. FORC_022 did not include major virulence factors of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). However, FORC_022 showed high cytotoxicity and had several V. parahaemolyticus islands (VPaIs) and other virulence factors, such as various secretion systems (types I, II, III, IV, and VI), in comparative genome analysis with CDC_K4557 (the most similar strain) and RIMD2210633 (genome island marker strain). FORC_022 harbored additional virulence genes, including accessory cholera enterotoxin, zona occludens toxin, and tight adhesion (tad) locus, compared with CDC_K4557. In addition, O3 serotype specific gene and the marker gene of pandemic O3:K6 serotype (toxRS) were detected in FORC_022. The expressions levels of genes involved in adherence and carbohydrate transporter were high, whereas those of genes involved in motility, arginine biosynthesis, and proline metabolism were low after exposure to crabs. Moreover, the virulence factors of the type III secretion system, tad locus, and thermolabile hemolysin were overexpressed. Therefore, the risk of foodborne-illness may be high following consumption of FORC_022 contaminated crab. These results provided molecular information regarding the survival and pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus FORC_022 strain in contaminated crab and may have applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Y Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byungho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun J Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyeun B Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee G Jeong
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang H Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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43
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Onarinde BA, Dixon RA. Prospects for Biocontrol of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Contamination in Blue Mussels ( Mytilus edulus)-A Year-Long Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1043. [PMID: 29922246 PMCID: PMC5996151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an environmental organism normally found in subtropical estuarine environments which can cause seafood-related human infections. Clinical disease is associated with diagnostic presence of tdh and/or trh virulence genes and identification of these genes in our preliminary isolates from retail shellfish prompted a year-long surveillance of isolates from a temperate estuary in the north of England. The microbial and environmental analysis of 117 samples of mussels, seawater or sediment showed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus from mussels (100%) at all time-points throughout the year including the colder months although they were only recovered from 94.9% of seawater and 92.3% of sediment samples. Throughout the surveillance, 96 isolates were subjected to specific PCR for virulence genes and none tested positive for either. The common understanding that consuming poorly cooked mussels only represents a risk of infection during summer vacations therefore is challenged. Further investigations with V. parahaemolyticus using RAPD-PCR cluster analysis showed a genetically diverse population. There was no distinct clustering for “environmental” or “clinical” reference strains although a wide variability and heterogeneity agreed with other reports. Continued surveillance of isolates to allay public health risks are justified since geographical distribution and composition of V. parahaemolyticus varies with Future Ocean warming and the potential of environmental strains to acquire virulence genes from pathogenic isolates. The prospects for intervention by phage-mediated biocontrol to reduce or eradicate V. parahaemolyticus in mussels was also investigated. Bacteriophages isolated from enriched samples collected from the river Humber were assessed for their ability to inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus strains in-vitro and in-vivo (with live mussels). V. parahaemolyticus were significantly reduced in-vitro, by an average of 1 log−2 log units and in-vivo, significant reduction of the organisms in mussels occurred in three replicate experimental tank set ups with a “phage cocktail” containing 12 different phages. Our perspective biocontrol study suggests that a cocktail of specific phages targeted against strains of V. parahaemolyticus provides good evidence in an experimental setting of the valuable potential of phage as a decontamination agent in natural or industrial mussel processing (343w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola A Onarinde
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald A Dixon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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44
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Munang'andu HM. Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020033. [PMID: 29690563 PMCID: PMC6027125 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most rapidly expanding farming systems in the world. Its rapid expansion has brought with it several pathogens infecting different fish species. As a result, there has been a corresponding expansion in vaccine development to cope with the increasing number of infectious diseases in aquaculture. The success of vaccine development for bacterial diseases in aquaculture is largely attributed to empirical vaccine designs based on inactivation of whole cell (WCI) bacteria vaccines. However, an upcoming challenge in vaccine design is the increase of intracellular bacterial pathogens that are not responsive to WCI vaccines. Intracellular bacterial vaccines evoke cellular mediated immune (CMI) responses that “kill” and eliminate infected cells, unlike WCI vaccines that induce humoral immune responses whose protective mechanism is neutralization of extracellular replicating pathogens by antibodies. In this synopsis, I provide an overview of the intracellular bacterial pathogens infecting different fish species in aquaculture, outlining their mechanisms of invasion, replication, and survival intracellularly based on existing data. I also bring into perspective the current state of CMI understanding in fish together with its potential application in vaccine development. Further, I highlight the immunological pitfalls that have derailed our ability to produce protective vaccines against intracellular pathogens for finfish. Overall, the synopsis put forth herein advocates for a shift in vaccine design to include CMI-based vaccines against intracellular pathogens currently adversely affecting the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146, Dep NO-0033, 046 Oslo, Norway.
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45
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Yang H, Zhong Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Ling S, Wang S, Wang R. Screening of a ScFv Antibody With High Affinity for Application in Human IFN-γ Immunoassay. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:261. [PMID: 29563896 PMCID: PMC5850876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a signal proinflammatory cytokine secreted by immune cell, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. It has been regarded as an important marker for determination of disease-specific immune responses. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a feasible and accurate method to detect IFN-γ in clinic real blood samples. Until now, the immunoassay based on singe chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody for human IFN-γ is still not reported. In the present study, an scFv antibody named scFv-A8 with high specificity was obtained by phage display and biopanning, with the affinity 2.6 × 109 L/mol. Maltose binding protein (MBP) was used to improve the solubility of scFv by inserting an linker DNA between scFv and MBP tag, and the resulted fusion protein (MBP-LK-scFv) has high solubility and antigen biding activity. The expressed and purified MBP-LK-scFv antibody was used to develop the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ic-ELISA) for detection of human IFN-γ, and the result indicated that the linear range to detect IFN-γ was 6–60 pg/mL with IC50 of 25 pg/mL. The limit of detection was 2 pg/mL (1.3 fm), and the average recovery was 85.05%, further demonstrating that the detection method based on scFv has higher recovery and accuracy. Hence, the developed ic-ELISA can be used to detect IFN-γ in real samples, and it may be further provided a scientific basis for disease diagnosis.
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46
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Bacteriophage Interactions with Marine Pathogenic Vibrios: Implications for Phage Therapy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7010015. [PMID: 29495270 PMCID: PMC5872126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A global distribution in marine, brackish, and freshwater ecosystems, in combination with high abundances and biomass, make vibrios key players in aquatic environments, as well as important pathogens for humans and marine animals. Incidents of Vibrio-associated diseases (vibriosis) in marine aquaculture are being increasingly reported on a global scale, due to the fast growth of the industry over the past few decades years. The administration of antibiotics has been the most commonly applied therapy used to control vibriosis outbreaks, giving rise to concerns about development and spreading of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. Hence, the idea of using lytic bacteriophages as therapeutic agents against bacterial diseases has been revived during the last years. Bacteriophage therapy constitutes a promising alternative not only for treatment, but also for prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture. However, several scientific and technological challenges still need further investigation before reliable, reproducible treatments with commercial potential are available for the aquaculture industry. The potential and the challenges of phage-based alternatives to antibiotic treatment of vibriosis are addressed in this review.
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47
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Chen AJ, Hasan NA, Haley BJ, Taviani E, Tarnowski M, Brohawn K, Johnson CN, Colwell RR, Huq A. Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2460. [PMID: 29375492 PMCID: PMC5770735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption in the United States. Here we investigated the presence of virulence factors and genetic diversity of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from water, oyster, and sediment samples from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Of more than 2,350 presumptive Vibrio collected, more than half were confirmed through PCR as V. parahaemolyticus, with 10 encoding both tdh and trh and 6 encoding only trh. Potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were then serotyped with O1:KUT and O3:KUT predominant. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed and the constructed dendrogram displayed high diversity, as did results from multiple-locus VNTR analysis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was readily isolated from Chesapeake Bay waters but was less frequently isolated from oyster and sediment samples collected during this study. Potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was isolated in fewer numbers and the isolates displayed expansive diversity. Although characteristics of the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were highly variable and the percent of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus detected was low, it is important to note that, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus are present in the Chesapeake Bay, warranting seafood monitoring to minimize risk of disease for the public, and to reduce the economic burden of V. parahaemolyticus related illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene J Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Nur A Hasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,CosmosID Inc., College Park, MD, United States
| | - Bradd J Haley
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mitch Tarnowski
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD, United States
| | - Kathy Brohawn
- Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Crystal N Johnson
- Department of Environmental Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,CosmosID Inc., College Park, MD, United States.,Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anwar Huq
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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48
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Obaidat MM, Salman AEB, Roess AA. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood from Three Developing Countries and of Worldwide Environmental, Seafood, and Clinical Isolates from 2000 to 2017. J Food Prot 2017; 80:2060-2067. [PMID: 29154715 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-associated illness. This study investigated the prevalence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in three low- and middle-income countries. Freshly caught fish samples (n = 330) imported to Jordan from Yemen, India, and Egypt were tested. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was 15% (95% confidence interval: 11 to 19%). Three isolates (6%) were positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin-related (trh) gene, and all isolates was negative for the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. All isolates were resistant to colistin sulfate, neomycin, and kanamycin, and 51 and 43% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively. Only 4% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and chloramphenicol, and no isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. All isolates were resistant to two classes of antibiotics, and 86% were multidrug resistant (resistant to at least one drug in three or more classes of antibiotics). A literature review of clinical, seafood, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates worldwide revealed high rates of gentamicin and ampicillin resistance, emerging resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and limited resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Thus, last-resort antibiotics could be ineffective for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections. Several global reports also documented illness outbreaks in humans caused by trh- and tdh-negative V. parahaemolyticus strains. More research is needed to determine whether the presence of these genes is sufficient to classify the strains as virulent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110; and
| | - Alaa E Bani Salman
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan 22110; and
| | - Amira A Roess
- 2 Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
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Liu J, Zhao Z, Deng Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Luo P, Hu C. Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio campbellii LMB 29 Isolated from Red Drum with Four Native Megaplasmids. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2035. [PMID: 29109705 PMCID: PMC5660062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are the most common pathogens for animals reared in aquaculture. Vibrio campbellii, which is often involved in shrimp, fish and mollusks diseases, is widely distributed in the marine environment worldwide, but our knowledge about its pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance is very limited. The existence of this knowledge gap is at least partially because that V. campbellii was originally classified as Vibrio harveyi, and the detailed information of its comparative genome analysis to other Vibrio spp. is currently lacking. In this study, the complete genome of a V. campbellii predominant strain, LMB29, was determined by MiSeq in conjunction with PacBio SMRT sequencing. This genome consists of two circular DNA chromosomes and four megaplasmids. Comparative genome analysis indicates that LMB29 shares a 96.66% similarity (average nucleotide identity) with the V. campbellii ATCC strain BAA-1116 based on a 75% AF (average fraction) calculations, and its functional profile is very similar to V. campbellii E1 and V. campbellii CAIM115. Both type III secretion system (T3SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS), along with the tlh gene which encodes a thermolabile hemolysin, are present in LMB29 which may contribute to the bacterial pathogenesis. The virulence of this strain was experimental confirmed by performing a LDH assay on a fish cell infection model, and cell death was observed as early as within 3 h post infection. Thirty-seven antimicrobial resistance genes (>45% identity) were predicted in LMB29 which includes a novel rifampicin ADP ribosyltransferase, arr-9, in plasmid pLMB157. The gene arr-9 was predicted on a genomic island with horizontal transferable potentials which may facilitate the rifampicin resistance dissemination. Future researches are needed to explore the pathogenesis of V. campbellii LMB29, but the availability of this genome sequence will certainly aid as a basis for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Thickman JD, Gobler CJ. The ability of algal organic matter and surface runoff to promote the abundance of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Long Island Sound, USA. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185994. [PMID: 29020074 PMCID: PMC5636122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a major concern in the shellfish industry, as severe illness can result from consuming shellfish that have accumulated waterborne pathogens. Shellfish harvesting areas are typically monitored for indicator bacteria such as fecal coliforms that serve as proxies for enteric pathogens although these indicators have shown little relation to some naturally occurring pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To examine the dynamics and ecology of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and address the relevance of indicator bacteria in predicting V. parahaemolyticus concentrations, field surveys and experiments were carried out in western Long Island Sound, NY, USA, a region that has experienced recent outbreaks of shellfish contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains were quantified via PCR detection of marker genes and most probable number techniques. Field survey data showed little correspondence between fecal coliforms and V. parahaemolyticus, but significant correlations between V. parahaemolyticus and an alternative indicator, enterococci, and between V. parahaemolyticus and short-term (48 h) rainfall were observed. Experiments demonstrated that enrichment of seawater with phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter significantly increased the concentration of total V. parahaemolyticus and the presence pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, but higher temperatures did not. Collectively, these study results suggest that fecal coliforms may fail to account for the full suite of important shellfish pathogens but that enterococci could provide a potential alternative or supplement to shellfish sanitation monitoring. Given the ability of algal-derived dissolved organic matter to promote the growth of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, restricting nutrient inputs into coastal water bodies that promote algal blooms may indirectly decrease the proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake D. Thickman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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