1
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Kikongo Ntabugi MM, Manegabe BJ, Dewar JB, Sekomo Birame C. Class 1 and 2 integrons and antibiotic resistance profile in Salmonella spp. from San Cristobal River, Laguna, Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3056-3067. [PMID: 38037746 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2289047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with multidrug resistant bacteria is a significant public health concern. Bacteria culture of water samples (n=120) collected in San Cristobal River, Philippines, showed that half (n=60) were positive for Salmonella spp. Screening of all isolates (n=179) for susceptibility to antibiotics showed that most (76.4%; n=113) were positive for class 1 integrons, of which one isolate was also positive for the class 2 integron. The presence of class 1 integrons was associated with resistance to antibiotics (p<0.05). Sequencing of class 1 integron variable regions (VRs) differeciated 11 gene cassettes: dfrA1 or dfrA17; aadA1 or aadA2; blaCTX-M-2 or bla-OXA-1; SmdAB; CmlA1 and aaC 3-Id. However, sequencing of class 2 integron VR differenciated estX, sat2, and aadA1. These results provide insights into evolutionary changes within bacterial multidrug resistant cassettes, more accurately to estimate heath risk associated with the river water. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahati J Manegabe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Unisa Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John B Dewar
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, Unisa Science Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Shamsizadeh Z, Nikaeen M, Mohammadi F, Farhadkhani M, Mokhtari M, Ehrampoush MH. Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic resistance and class 1 integron-integrase genes: Potential impact of wastewater characteristics on genes profile. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29601. [PMID: 38765125 PMCID: PMC11098788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a major global health concern, but current surveillance efforts primarily focus on healthcare settings, leaving a lack of understanding about AR across all sectors of the One Health approach. To bridge this gap, wastewater surveillance provides a cost-effective and efficient method for monitoring AR within a population. In this study, we implemented a surveillance program by monitoring the wastewater effluent from two large-scale municipal treatment plants situated in Isfahan, a central region of Iran. These treatment plants covered distinct catchment regions and served a combined population about two million of residents. Furthermore, the effect of physicochemical and microbial characteristics of wastewater effluent including biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), temperature, total coliforms and Escherichia coli concentration on the abundance of ARGs (blaCTX-M, tetW, sul1, cmlA, and ermB) and class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) were investigated. Sul1 and blaCTX-M were the most and least abundant ARGs in the two WWTPs, respectively. Principal Component Analysis showed that in both of the WWTPs all ARGs and intI1 gene abundance were positively correlated with effluent temperature, but all other effluent characteristics (BOD, COD, TSS, total coliforms and E. coli) showed no significant correlation with ARGs abundance. Temperature could affect the performance of conventional activated sludge process, which in turn could affect the abundance of ARGs. The results of this study suggest that other factors than BOD, COD and TSS may affect the ARGs abundance. The predicted AR could lead to development of effective interventions and policies to combat AR in the clinical settings. However, further research is needed to determine the relationship between the AR in wastewater and clinical settings as well as the effect of other influential factors on ARGs abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shamsizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Farhadkhani
- Educational Development Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mokhtari
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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3
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Zeng J, Li Y, Jin G, Su JQ, Yao H. Short-Term Benzalkonium Chloride (C 12) Exposure Induced the Occurrence of Wide-Spectrum Antibiotic Resistance in Agricultural Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15054-15063. [PMID: 36069710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are global pollutants that pose a potential risk to human health. Benzalkonium chloride (C12) (BC) disinfectants are thought to exert selection pressure on antibiotic resistance. However, evidence of BC-induced changes in antibiotic resistance in the soil environment is lacking. Here, we established short-term soil microcosms to investigate ARG profile dynamics in agricultural soils amended with sulfamethazine (SMZ, 10 mg kg-1) and gradient concentrations of BC (0-100 mg kg-1), using high-throughput quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing. With the increase in BC concentration, the number of ARGs detected in the soil increased, but the normalized ARG abundance decreased. The added SMZ had a limited impact on ARG profiles. Compared to broad-spectrum fungicidal BC, the specificity of SMZ significantly affected the microbial community. Network analysis found that low-medium BC exposure concentrations resulted in the formation of small but strong ARG co-occurrence clusters in the soil, while high BC exposure concentration led to a higher incidence of ARGs. Variation partitioning analysis suggested that BC stress was the major driver shaping the ARG profile. Overall, this study highlighted the emergence and spread of BC-induced ARGs, potentially leading to the antimicrobial resistance problem in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Jin
- Ningbo No. 9 Hospital, Ningbo 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sagrillo C, Changey F, Bellanger X. Bacteriophages vehiculate a high amount of antibiotic resistance determinants of bacterial origin in the Orne River ecosystem. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4317-4328. [PMID: 35672875 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are important dissemination routes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from and to pathogenic bacteria. Nevertheless, in these complex matrices, identifying and characterizing the driving microbial actors and ARG dissemination mechanisms they are involved in remain difficult. We here explored the distribution/compartmentalization of a panel of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bacteria and bacteriophages collected in the water, suspended material and surface sediments from the Orne River ecosystem (France). By using a new bacteriophage DNA extraction method, we showed that, when packaging bacterial DNA, bacteriophages rather encapsidate both ARGs and MGEs than 16S rRNA genes, i.e. chromosomal fragments. We also show that the bacteria and bacteriophage capsid contents in ARGs/MGEs were similarly influenced by seasonality but that the distribution of ARGs/MGEs between the river physical compartments (water vs. suspended mater vs. sediment) is more impacted when these markers were carried by bacteria. These demonstrations will likely modify our understanding of the formation and fate of transducing viral particles in the environment. Consequently, they will also likely modify our estimations of the relative frequencies of the different horizontal gene transfer mechanisms in disseminating antibiotic resistance by reinforcing the roles played by environmental bacteriophages and transduction.
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Hung WC, Rugh M, Feraud M, Avasarala S, Kurylo J, Gutierrez M, Jimenez K, Truong N, Holden PA, Grant SB, Liu H, Ambrose RF, Jay JA. Influence of soil characteristics and metal(loid)s on antibiotic resistance genes in green stormwater infrastructure in Southern California. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127469. [PMID: 34655877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synergetic effects of metal(loid)s and soil characteristics on bacterial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has been relatively understudied. Surface soil samples from six GSIs in Southern California over three time periods were assessed for selected ARGs, class 1 integron-integrase genes (intI1), 16S rRNA genes, and bioavailable and total concentrations of nine metal(loid)s, to investigate the relationships among ARGs, soil characteristics, and co-occurring metal(loid)s. Significant correlations existed among relative gene abundances (sul1, sul2, tetW, and intI1), total metal(loid)s (arsenic, copper, lead, vanadium, and zinc), and bioavailable metal(loid) (arsenic) (r = 0.29-0.61, padj < 0.05). Additionally, soil texture, organic matter, and nutrients within GSI appeared to be significantly correlated with relative gene abundances of sul1, sul2, and tetW (r = -0.57 to 0.59, padj < 0.05). Multiple regression models significantly improved the estimation of ARGs in GSI when considering multiple effects of soil characteristics and metal(loid)s (r = 0.74, padj < 0.001) compared to correlation results. Total arsenic was a significant (positive) correlate in all the regression models of relative gene abundances. This work provides new insights into co-dependencies between GSI ARGs and co-occurring metal(loid)s, indicating the need for risk assessment of metal(loid)-influenced ARG proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Hung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Megyn Rugh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marina Feraud
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sumant Avasarala
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA
| | - Jessica Kurylo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mathew Gutierrez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Karina Jimenez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nhi Truong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Stanley B Grant
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, 1068A Derring Hall (0420), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns Hall A239, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard F Ambrose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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6
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Kampouris ID, Alygizakis N, Klümper U, Agrawal S, Lackner S, Cacace D, Kunze S, Thomaidis NS, Slobdonik J, Berendonk TU. Elevated levels of antibiotic resistance in groundwater during treated wastewater irrigation associated with infiltration and accumulation of antibiotic residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127155. [PMID: 34555761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater irrigation (TWW) releases antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment and might thus promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in groundwater (GW). We hypothesized that TWW irrigation increases ARG abundance in GW through two potential mechanisms: the contamination of GW with resistant bacteria and the accumulation of antibiotics in GW. To test this, the GW below a real-scale TWW-irrigated field was sampled for six months. Sampling took place before, during and after high-intensity TWW irrigation. Samples were analysed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, qPCR of six ARGs and the class 1 integron-integrase gene intI1, while liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed to detect antibiotic and pharmaceutical residues. Absolute abundance of 16S rRNA in GW decreased rather than increased during long-term irrigation. Also, the relative abundance of TWW-related bacteria did not increase in GW during long-term irrigation. In contrast, long-term TWW irrigation increased the relative abundance of sul1 and intI1 in the GW microbiome. Furthermore, GW contained elevated concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics, especially sulfamethoxazole, to which sul1 confers resistance. Total sulfonamide concentrations in GW correlated with sul1 relative abundance. Consequently, TWW irrigation promoted sul1 and intI1 dissemination in the GW microbiome, most likely due to the accumulation of drug residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Kampouris
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chair of Limnology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Uli Klümper
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chair of Limnology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shelesh Agrawal
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Susanne Lackner
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Damiano Cacace
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chair of Limnology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Kunze
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chair of Limnology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chair of Limnology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Shamsizadeh Z, Ehrampoush MH, Nikaeen M, Mokhtari M, Gwenzi W, Khanahmad H. Antibiotic resistance and class 1 integron genes distribution in irrigation water-soil-crop continuum as a function of irrigation water sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117930. [PMID: 34391043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for fresh water coupled with the need to recycle water and nutrients has witnessed a global increase in wastewater irrigation. However, the development of antibiotic resistance hotspots in different environmental compartments, as a result of wastewater reuse is becoming a global health concern. The effect of irrigation water sources (wastewater, surface water, fresh water) on the presence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (blaCTX-m-32, tet-W, sul1, cml-A, and erm-B) and class 1 integrons (intI1) were investigated in the irrigation water-soil-crop continuum using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Sul1 and blaCTX-m-32 were the most and least abundant ARGs in three environments, respectively. The abundance of ARGs and intI1 significantly decreased from wastewater to surface water and then fresh water. However, irrigation water sources had no significant effect on the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in soil and crop samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that UV index and air temperature attenuate the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in crop samples whereas the air humidity and soil electrical conductivity (EC) promotes the ARGs and intI1. So that the climate condition of semi-arid regions significantly affects the abundance of ARGs and intI1 in crop samples. The results suggest that treated wastewater might be safely reused in agricultural practice in semi-arid regions without a significant increase of potential health risks associated with ARGs transfer to the food chain. However, further research is needed for understanding and managing ARGs transfer from the agricultural ecosystem to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shamsizadeh
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mokhtari
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Slobodiuk S, Niven C, Arthur G, Thakur S, Ercumen A. Does Irrigation with Treated and Untreated Wastewater Increase Antimicrobial Resistance in Soil and Water: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11046. [PMID: 34769568 PMCID: PMC8583129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and water scarcity necessitate alternative agriculture practices, such as reusing wastewater for irrigation. Domestic wastewater has been used for irrigation for centuries in many historically low-income and arid countries and is becoming more widely used by high-income countries to augment water resources in an increasingly dry climate. Wastewater treatment processes are not fully effective in removing all contaminants, such as antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Literature reviews on the impact of wastewater irrigation on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment have been inconclusive and mostly focused on treated wastewater. We conducted the first systematic review to assess the impact of irrigation with both treated or untreated domestic wastewater on ARB and ARGs in soil and adjacent water bodies. We screened titles/abstracts of 3002 articles, out of which 41 were screened in full text and 26 were included in this review. Of these, thirteen investigated irrigation with untreated wastewater, and nine found a positive association with ARB/ARGs in soil. Out of thirteen studies focused on treated wastewater, six found a positive association with ARB/ARGs while six found mixed/negative associations. Our findings demonstrate that irrigation with untreated wastewater increases AMR in soil and call for precautionary action by field workers, their families, and consumers when untreated wastewater is used to irrigate crops. The effect of irrigation with treated wastewater was more variable among the studies included in our review, highlighting the need to better understand to what extent AMR is disseminated through this practice. Future research should assess factors that modify the effect of wastewater irrigation on AMR in soil, such as the degree and type of wastewater treatment, and the duration and intensity of irrigation, to inform guidelines on the reuse of wastewater for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Slobodiuk
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.N.); (A.E.)
| | - Caitlin Niven
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.N.); (A.E.)
| | - Greer Arthur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (G.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (G.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Ayse Ercumen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (C.N.); (A.E.)
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9
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Kampouris ID, Klümper U, Agrawal S, Orschler L, Cacace D, Kunze S, Berendonk TU. Treated wastewater irrigation promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance into subsoil pore-water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106190. [PMID: 33120226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in subsoil pore-water, a so-far under-appreciated matrix. We hypothesized that TWW irrigation increases ARG prevalence in subsoil pore-water. This hypothesis was tested using a multiphase approach, which consisted of sampling percolated subsoil pore-water from lysimeter-wells of a real-scale TWW-irrigated field, operated for commercial farming practices, and controlled, laboratory microcosms irrigated with freshwater or TWW. We monitored the abundance of six selected ARGs (sul1, blaOXA-58, tetM, qnrS, blaCTX-M-32 and blaTEM), the intI1 gene associated with mobile genetic elements and an indicator for anthropogenic pollution and bacterial abundance (16S rRNA gene) by qPCR. The bacterial load of subsoil pore water was independent of both, irrigation intensity in the field study and irrigation water type in the microcosms. Among the tested genes in the field study, sul1 and intI1 exhibited constantly higher relative abundances. Their abundance was further positively correlated with increasing irrigation intensity. Controlled microcosm experiments verified the observed field study results: the relative abundance of several genes, including sul1 and intI1, increased significantly when irrigating with TWW compared to freshwater irrigation. Overall, TWW irrigation promoted the spread of ARGs and intI1 in the subsoil pore-water, while the bacterial load was maintained. The combined results from the real-scale agricultural field and the controlled lab microcosms indicate that the dissemination of ARGs in various subsurface environments needs to be taken into account during TWW irrigation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Kampouris
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uli Klümper
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shelesh Agrawal
- Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Orschler
- Institute IWAR, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Damiano Cacace
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Kunze
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany.
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10
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Zhang AN, Hou CJ, Negi M, Li LG, Zhang T. Online searching platform for the antibiotic resistome in bacterial tree of life and global habitats. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5849002. [PMID: 32472933 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis reveals that antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed in both human-associated and non-human-associated habitats. However, it is difficult to equally compare ARGs between samples without a standard method. Here, we constructed a comprehensive profile of the distribution of potential ARGs in bacterial tree of life and global habitats by investigating ARGs in 55 000 bacterial genomes, 16 000 bacterial plasmid sequences, 3000 bacterial integron sequences and 850 metagenomes using a standard pipeline. We found that >80% of all known ARGs are not carried by any plasmid or integron sequences. Among potential mobile ARGs, tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes (such as tetA, tetM and class A beta-lactamase gene) distribute in multiple pathogens across bacterial phyla, indicating their clinical relevance and importance. We showed that class 1 integrases (intI1) display a poor linear relationship with total ARGs in both non-human-associated and human-associated environments. Furthermore, both total ARGs and intI1 genes show little correlation with the degree of anthropogenicity. These observations highlight the need to differentiate ARGs of high clinical relevance. This profile is published on an online platform (ARGs-OSP, http://args-osp.herokuapp.com/) as a valuable resource for the most challenging topics in this field, i.e. the risk, evolution and emergence of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ni Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Chen-Ju Hou
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mishty Negi
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Guan Li
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Du S, Shen JP, Hu HW, Wang JT, Han LL, Sheng R, Wei WX, Fang YT, Zhu YG, Zhang LM, He JZ. Large-scale patterns of soil antibiotic resistome in Chinese croplands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136418. [PMID: 31927444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a vital reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but we still know little about their distribution in cropland soils and the main driving forces. Here we performed an investigation for ARGs patterns in 105 cropland soils (planted with maize, peanut or soybean) along a 2, 200 km transect in China using high-throughput quantitative PCR approaches. Totally, 204 ARGs were detected, with a higher diversity found in central China than that in northeast and south China. The most abundant (top 50%) and highly shared (present in >50% samples) ARGs regarded as core resistome were dominated by multidrug resistance genes such as oprJ, acrA-05 and acrA-04. Regressive analyses revealed that the relative abundance of total ARGs and core resistome both had significant relationships with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Anthropogenic factors including the consumption of plastic films and soil properties including heavy metals showed good correlations with the diversity of ARGs. Structural equation modelling analysis further explained that anthropogenic factors were the main forces shaping the ARGs patterns. These findings highlight the importance of human activities in shaping soil antibiotic resistome in the croplands, providing potential management strategies to mitigate the dissemination of ARGs to humans via food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju-Pei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wen-Xue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yun-Ting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Marano RBM, Zolti A, Jurkevitch E, Cytryn E. Antibiotic resistance and class 1 integron gene dynamics along effluent, reclaimed wastewater irrigated soil, crop continua: elucidating potential risks and ecological constraints. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114906. [PMID: 31377529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reuse of municipal wastewater is a growing global trend, but currently there is lack of consensus regarding the potential dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements by treated wastewater irrigation. We tracked intI1, a proxy for anthropogenic pollution, and an assemblage of antibiotic resistance genes associated with mobile elements and/or wastewater (blaGES, blaOXA2, blaOXA10, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-32 and qnrS) in treated wastewater effluents, effluent stabilization reservoirs, and along irrigation water-soil-crop continua in experimental lysimeters and large-scale commercial fields. While several of the targeted antibiotic resistance genes were profuse in effluents, there was almost no correlation between gene abundance in irrigation water and those detected in soil, and no evidence of systematic gene transfer to irrigated soil or crops. In contrast, soil intI1 abundance correlated strongly to irrigation water levels in lysimeters and sandy field soils, but this was not the case for clay-rich soils or for most of the analyzed crops, suggesting that intI1 may not always be a reliable marker for tracking the impact of treated wastewater irrigation. We hypothesize that "ecological boundaries" expedited by biotic and abiotic factors constrain dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements, and assert that a more holistic perception of these factors is crucial for understanding and managing antibiotic resistance dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto B M Marano
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel; Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avihai Zolti
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel; Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Department of Soil Chemistry, Plant Nutrition and Microbiology, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
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13
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Khatoon K, Malik A. Screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacterial isolates from oil refinery wastewater and detection of conjugative plasmids in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tolerant and multi-metal resistant bacteria. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02742. [PMID: 31720477 PMCID: PMC6838955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater were collected from the effluent channel in the vicinity of Mathura oil refinery, U.P. (India) and analysed for physicochemical characteristics, heavy metals as well as organic compounds including PAHs. The interaction of PAHs and heavy metals with various group of microorganisms revealed the viable count of aerobic heterotrophs, asymbiotic nitrogen fixers, actinomycetes and fungi were found to be 2.38 × 106, 1.89 × 104, 2.20 × 104 CFU/mL and 8.76 × 103 CFU/mL respectively. We have selected and screened 50 bacterial isolates for their resistance/tolerance to heavy metal and PAHs. Out of 25 multi-metal resistant isolates, 6 were able to tolerate PAHs at the concentration of 5000 μg/mL (50μg/disc) to naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene. The PAH degradation efficiency of the isolates was assessed using spectrophotometer with 100 μg/mL of phenanthrene and observed different degree of degradation ranging from 34-66% after 96 h of incubation. One of the bacterial isolates KWB3 (identified as Enterobacter ludwigii by 16S rDNA sequencing) exhibited maximum degradation efficiency (66%) was further tested for phenanthrene degrading ability in the presence and absence of a co-substrate (glucose) in a mineral salt medium; and a number of metabolites were produced and detected by GC-MS which revealed the presence of benzocoumarin, phthalic acid, catechol and several low molecular weight compounds. The DNA derived from multi-metal and PAHs tolerant bacteria were PCR amplified using Inc specific primers and positive PCR products were obtained with oriT and trfA2 of the IncP group; indicates that these bacteria have gene-mobilizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Khatoon
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Cerqueira F, Matamoros V, Bayona JM, Berendonk TU, Elsinga G, Hornstra LM, Piña B. Antibiotic resistance gene distribution in agricultural fields and crops. A soil-to-food analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108608. [PMID: 31377583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the social concern about the generalization of antibiotic resistance hotspots worldwide, very little is known about the contribution of different potential sources to the global risk. Here we present a quantitative analysis of the distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in soil, rhizospheric soil, roots, leaves and beans in tomato, lettuce and broad beans crops (165 samples in total), grown in nine commercial plots distributed in four geographical zones in the vicinity of Barcelona (North East Spain). We also analyzed five soil samples from a nearby forest, with no record of agricultural activities. DNA samples were analyzed for their content in the ARGs sul1, tetM, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-32, blaOXA-58, mecA, and blaTEM, plus the integron intI1, using qPCR methods. In addition, soil microbiomes from the different plots were analyzed by amplicon-targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our data show a decreasing gradient of ARG loads from soil to fruits and beans, the latter showing only from 0.1 to 0.01% of the abundance values in soil. The type of crop was the main determinant for both ARG distribution and microbiome composition among the different plots, with minor contributions of geographic location and irrigation water source. We propose that soil amendment and/or fertilization, more than irrigation water, are the main drivers of ARG loads on the edible parts of the crop, and that they should therefore be specifically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cerqueira
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Department of Hydrosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Goffe Elsinga
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Luc M Hornstra
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Durso LM, Cook KL. One Health and Antibiotic Resistance in Agroecosystems. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:414-419. [PMID: 29541967 PMCID: PMC6858902 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture reflects One Health principals, with the job of the farmer being to sustainably balance human, animal, and soil health. It is imperative to include an agricultural perspective when addressing antibiotic resistance (AR) from a One Health perspective, as the farmers, ranchers, and agricultural professionals have an intimate working knowledge of these complex systems, and they will be on the front lines of implementing on-farm control measures. Currently, communication across the One Health triad (humans, animals, environment) regarding agricultural AR is hindered by ambiguous language, complicated by cultural and linguistic differences that can lead to the conclusion that the other participant is not aware of the facts, or has ulterior motives. This work explores and identifies the language and vocabulary of AR in the context of supporting strategic short- and long-term problem solving in a One Health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Durso
- USDA, ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, 251 Filley Hall, UNL East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Kimberly L Cook
- USDA, ARS, Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, 30605, USA
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16
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RefSoil+: a Reference Database for Genes and Traits of Soil Plasmids. mSystems 2019; 4:mSystems00349-18. [PMID: 30834332 PMCID: PMC6392096 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00349-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-associated plasmids have the potential to transfer antibiotic resistance genes from environmental to clinical microbial strains, which is a public health concern. A specific resource is needed to aggregate the knowledge of soil plasmid characteristics so that the content, host associations, and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes can be assessed and then tracked between the environment and the clinic. Here, we present RefSoil+, a database of soil-associated plasmids. RefSoil+ presents a contemporary snapshot of antibiotic resistance genes in soil that can serve as a reference as novel plasmids and transferred antibiotic resistances are discovered. Our study broadens our understanding of plasmids in soil and provides a community resource of important plasmid-associated genes, including antibiotic resistance genes. Plasmids harbor transferable genes that contribute to the functional repertoire of microbial communities, yet their contributions to metagenomes are often overlooked. Environmental plasmids have the potential to spread antibiotic resistance to clinical microbial strains. In soils, high microbiome diversity and high variability in plasmid characteristics present a challenge for studying plasmids. To improve the understanding of soil plasmids, we present RefSoil+, a database containing plasmid sequences from 922 soil microorganisms. Soil plasmids were larger than other described plasmids, which is a trait associated with plasmid mobility. There was a weak relationship between chromosome size and plasmid size and no relationship between chromosome size and plasmid number, suggesting that these genomic traits are independent in soil. We used RefSoil+ to inform the distributions of antibiotic resistance genes among soil microorganisms compared to those among nonsoil microorganisms. Soil-associated plasmids, but not chromosomes, had fewer antibiotic resistance genes than other microorganisms. These data suggest that soils may offer limited opportunity for plasmid-mediated transfer of described antibiotic resistance genes. RefSoil+ can serve as a reference for the diversity, composition, and host associations of plasmid-borne functional genes in soil, a utility that will be enhanced as the database expands. Our study improves the understanding of soil plasmids and provides a resource for assessing the dynamics of the genes that they carry, especially genes conferring antibiotic resistances. IMPORTANCE Soil-associated plasmids have the potential to transfer antibiotic resistance genes from environmental to clinical microbial strains, which is a public health concern. A specific resource is needed to aggregate the knowledge of soil plasmid characteristics so that the content, host associations, and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes can be assessed and then tracked between the environment and the clinic. Here, we present RefSoil+, a database of soil-associated plasmids. RefSoil+ presents a contemporary snapshot of antibiotic resistance genes in soil that can serve as a reference as novel plasmids and transferred antibiotic resistances are discovered. Our study broadens our understanding of plasmids in soil and provides a community resource of important plasmid-associated genes, including antibiotic resistance genes.
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17
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Adegoke AA, Amoah ID, Stenström TA, Verbyla ME, Mihelcic JR. Epidemiological Evidence and Health Risks Associated With Agricultural Reuse of Partially Treated and Untreated Wastewater: A Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:337. [PMID: 30574474 PMCID: PMC6292135 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of partially treated and untreated wastewater for irrigation is beneficial in agriculture but may be associated with human health risks. Reports from different locations globally have linked microbial outbreaks with agricultural reuse of wastewater. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence and health risks associated with this practice, aiming toward evidence-based conclusions. Exposure pathways that were addressed in this review included those relevant to agricultural workers and their families, consumers of crops, and residents close to areas irrigated with wastewater (partially treated or untreated). A meta-analysis gave an overall odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.06) for diarrheal disease and 5.49 (95% CI: 2.49, 12.10) for helminth infections for exposed agricultural workers and family members. The risks were higher among children and immunocompromised individuals than in immunocompetent adults. Predominantly skin and intestinal infections were prevalent among individuals infected mainly via occupational exposure and ingestion. Food-borne outbreaks as a result of crops (fruits and vegetables) irrigated with partially or untreated wastewater have been widely reported. Contamination of crops with enteric viruses, fecal coliforms, and bacterial pathogens, parasites including soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs), as well as occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have also been evidenced. The antibiotic residues and ARGs may get internalized in crops along with pathogens and may select for antibiotic resistance, exert ecotoxicity, and lead to bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms with high risk quotient (RQ). Appropriate mitigation lies in adhering to existing guidelines such as the World Health Organization wastewater reuse guidelines and to Sanitation Safety Plans (SSPs). Additionally, improvement in hygiene practices will also provide measures against adverse health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Adegoke
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Isaac D. Amoah
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thor A. Stenström
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Matthew E. Verbyla
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - James R. Mihelcic
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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18
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De la Cruz Barrón M, Merlin C, Guilloteau H, Montargès-Pelletier E, Bellanger X. Suspended Materials in River Waters Differentially Enrich Class 1 Integron- and IncP-1 Plasmid-Carrying Bacteria in Sediments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1443. [PMID: 30013540 PMCID: PMC6036612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are frequently considered as the final receiving environments of anthropogenic pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues or antibiotic resistant bacteria, and as a consequence tend to form reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Considering the global threat posed by the antibiotic resistance, the mechanisms involved in both the formation of such reservoirs and their remobilization are a concern of prime importance. Antibiotic resistance genes are strongly associated with mobile genetic elements that are directly involved in their dissemination. Most mobile genetic element-mediated gene transfers involve replicative mechanisms and, as such, localized gene transfers should participate in the local increase in resistance gene abundance. Additionally, the carriage of conjugative mobile elements encoding cell appendages acting as adhesins has already been demonstrated to increase biofilm-forming capability of bacteria and, therefore, should also contribute to their selective enrichment on surfaces. In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of two families of mobile genetic elements, IncP-1 plasmids and class 1 integrons, in the water column and bank sediments of the Orne River, in France. We show that these mobile elements, especially IncP-1 plasmids, are enriched in the bacteria attached on the suspended matters in the river waters, and that a similar abundance is found in freshly deposited sediments. Using the IncP-1 plasmid pB10 as a model, in vitro experiments demonstrated that local enrichment of plasmid-bearing bacteria on artificial surfaces mainly resulted from an increase in bacterial adhesion properties conferred by the plasmid rather than an improved dissemination frequency of the plasmid between surface-attached bacteria. We propose plasmid-mediated adhesion to particles to be one of the main contributors in the formation of mobile genetic element-reservoirs in sediments, with adhesion to suspended matter working as a selective enrichment process of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria.
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Lüneberg K, Prado B, Broszat M, Dalkmann P, Díaz D, Huebner J, Amelung W, López-Vidal Y, Siemens J, Grohmann E, Siebe C. Water flow paths are hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1198-1206. [PMID: 29874749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes in soil pose a potential risk for human health. They can enter the soil by irrigation with untreated or insufficiently treated waste water. We hypothesized that water flow paths trigger the formation of antibiotic resistance, since they transport antibiotics, multi-resistant bacteria and free resistance genes through the soil. To test this, we irrigated soil cores once or twice with waste water only, or with waste water added with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The treatments also contained a dye to stain the water flow paths and allowed to sample these separately from unstained bulk soil. The fate of SMX and CIP was assessed by sorption experiments, leachate analyses and the quantification of total and extractable SMX and CIP in soil. The abundance of resistance genes to SMX (sul1 and sul2) and to CIP (qnrB and qnrS) was quantified by qPCR. The sorption of CIP was larger than the dye and SMX. Ciprofloxacin accumulated exclusively in the water flow paths but the resistance genes qnrB and qnrS were not detectable. The SMX concentration in the water flow paths doubled the concentration of the bulk soil, as did the abundance of sul genes, particularly sul1 gene. These results suggest that flow paths do function as hotspots for the accumulation of antibiotics and trigger the formation of resistance genes in soil. Their dissemination also depends on the mobility of the antibiotic, which was much larger for SMX than for CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lüneberg
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - B Prado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Broszat
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Dalkmann
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Díaz
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Huebner
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany; Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Y López-Vidal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Siemens
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Grohmann
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Division of Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany; Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Siebe
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Zhou Y, Niu L, Zhu S, Lu H, Liu W. Occurrence, abundance, and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in agricultural soils across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1977-1983. [PMID: 28558428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as an emerging contaminant of concern and a crucial threat to public health worldwide. In this study, we carried out a nation-wide sampling campaign across China to investigate the distribution and abundances of 8 major ARGs in agricultural soils. The levels of sulfonamide (sul) and tetracycline (tet) resistance genes in China's agricultural soils ranged from 10-6-10-2 to 10-8-10-2 gene copies/16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Northeast China is the hot-spot of ARGs, likely due to long-term wastewater irrigation in the area. Redundancy analysis was further performed to assess the influences of environmental variables on ARG abundances. Sulfonamide resistance genes displayed strong correlations with meteorological parameters (mean annual precipitation and temperature), and decreased from north to south. In comparison, tetracycline resistance genes were more closely related to soil organic matter and pH. Co-selection between heavy metals and ARGs was significant among Cu, Hg and sulfonamide resistance genes. This study highlighted the current status of ARG contamination and their influencing factors in China's agricultural soils. Findings are valuable to identify effective management options for reducing the release of antibiotics and control ARG spread in the agriculture sector across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Institute of Eco-environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Gillings MR. Class 1 integrons as invasive species. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 38:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Han Y, Chen J, Liu G, Lu H, Yan B, Chen S. Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:909-918. [PMID: 27814984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Shiaoshing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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Anand T, Bera BC, Vaid RK, Barua S, Riyesh T, Virmani N, Hussain M, Singh RK, Tripathi BN. Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental bacteriophages. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3458-3466. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Anand
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Bidhan Ch. Bera
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Rajesh K. Vaid
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Thachamvally Riyesh
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Nitin Virmani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Mubarik Hussain
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
| | - Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Culture Collection, Bagla Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India
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Nõlvak H, Truu M, Kanger K, Tampere M, Espenberg M, Loit E, Raave H, Truu J. Inorganic and organic fertilizers impact the abundance and proportion of antibiotic resistance and integron-integrase genes in agricultural grassland soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:678-689. [PMID: 27115621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertilization with animal manure or its digestate may facilitate an important antibiotic resistance dissemination route from anthropogenic sources to the environment. This study examines the effect of mineral fertilizer (NH4NO3), cattle slurry and cattle slurry digestate amendment on the abundance and proportion dynamics of five antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and two classes of integron-integrase genes (intI1 and intI2) in agricultural grassland soil. Fertilization was performed thrice throughout one vegetation period. The targeted ARGs (sul1, tetA, blaCTX-M, blaOXA2 and qnrS) encode resistance to several major antibiotic classes used in veterinary medicine such as sulfonamides, tetracycline, cephalosporins, penicillin and fluoroquinolones, respectively. The non-fertilized grassland soil contained a stable background of tetA, blaCTX-M and sul1 genes. The type of applied fertilizer significantly affected ARGs and integron-integrase genes abundances and proportions in the bacterial community (p<0.001 in both cases), explaining 67.04% of the abundance and 42.95% of the proportion variations in the grassland soil. Both cattle slurry and cattle slurry digestate proved to be considerable sources of ARGs, especially sul1, as well as integron-integrases. Sul1, intI1 and intI2 levels in grassland soil were elevated in response to each organic fertilizer's application event, but this increase was followed by a stage of decrease, suggesting that microbes possessing these genes were predominantly entrained into soil via cattle slurry or its digestate application and had somewhat limited survival potential in a soil environment. However, the abundance of these three target genes did not decrease to a background level by the end of the study period. TetA was most abundant in mineral fertilizer treated soil and blaCTX-M in cattle slurry digestate amended soil. Despite significantly different abundances, the abundance dynamics of bacteria possessing these genes were similar (p<0.05 in all cases) in different treatments and resembled the dynamics of the whole bacterial community abundance in each soil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiie Nõlvak
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Marika Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kärt Kanger
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mailiis Tampere
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Evelin Loit
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Henn Raave
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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26
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Graham DW, Knapp CW, Christensen BT, McCluskey S, Dolfing J. Appearance of β-lactam Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils and Clinical Isolates over the 20th Century. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21550. [PMID: 26878889 PMCID: PMC4754643 DOI: 10.1038/srep21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Debate exists about whether agricultural versus medical antibiotic use drives increasing antibiotic resistance (AR) across nature. Both sectors have been inconsistent at antibiotic stewardship, but it is unclear which sector has most influenced acquired AR on broad scales. Using qPCR and soils archived since 1923 at Askov Experimental Station in Denmark, we quantified four broad-spectrum β-lactam AR genes (ARG; bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(OXA) and bla(CTX-M)) and class-1 integron genes (int1) in soils from manured (M) versus inorganic fertilised (IF) fields. "Total" β-lactam ARG levels were significantly higher in M versus IF in soils post-1940 (paired-t test; p < 0.001). However, dominant individual ARGs varied over time; bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) between 1963 and 1974, bla(OXA) slightly later, and bla(CTX-M) since 1988. These dates roughly parallel first reporting of these genes in clinical isolates, suggesting ARGs in animal manure and humans are historically interconnected. Archive data further show when non-therapeutic antibiotic use was banned in Denmark, bla(CTX-M) levels declined in M soils, suggesting accumulated soil ARGs can be reduced by prudent antibiotic stewardship. Conversely, int1 levels have continued to increase in M soils since 1990, implying direct manure application to soils should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Graham
- School of Civil Engineering &Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XJ
| | - Bent T Christensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Seánín McCluskey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XJ
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Civil Engineering &Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
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