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Parihar A, Vishwakarma P, Khan R. Miniaturized MXene-based electrochemical biosensors for virus detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108700. [PMID: 38582009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The timely control of infectious diseases can prevent the spread of infections and mitigate the significant socio-economic damage witnessed during recent pandemics. Diagnostic methods play a significant role in detecting highly contagious agents, such as viruses, to prevent further transmission. The emergence of advanced point-of-care techniques offers several advantages over conventional approaches for detecting infectious agents. These techniques are highly sensitive, rapid, can be miniaturized, and are cost-effective. Recently, MXene-based 2D nanocomposites have proven beneficial for fabricating electrochemical biosensors due to their suitable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This article covers electrochemical biosensors based on MXene nanocomposite for the detection of viruses, along with the associated challenges and future possibilities. Additionally, we highlight various conventional techniques for the detection of infectious agents, discussing their pros and cons. We delve into the challenges faced during the fabrication of MXene-based biosensors and explore future endeavors. It is anticipated that the information presented in this work will pave the way for the development of Point-of-Care (POC) devices capable of sensitive and selective virus detection, enhancing preparedness for ongoing and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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2
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Su Y, He Z, Jiang R, Zhang J. Observation of Linear Magnetoresistance in MoO 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:915. [PMID: 38869538 PMCID: PMC11173525 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance, the change in resistance with applied magnetic fields, is crucial to the magnetic sensor technology. Linear magnetoresistance has been intensively studied in semimetals and semiconductors. However, the air-stable oxides with a large linear magnetoresistance are highly desirable but remain to be fully explored. In this paper, we report the direct observation of linear magnetoresistance in polycrystalline MoO2 without any sign of saturation up to 7 T under 50 K. Interestingly, the linear magnetoresistance reaches as large as 1500% under 7 T at 2 K. The linear field dependence is in great contrast to the parabolic behavior observed in single-crystal MoO2, probably due to phonon scattering near the grain boundaries. Our results pave the way to comprehending magneto-transport behavior in oxides and their potential applications in magnetic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Su
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Z.H.); (R.J.); (J.Z.)
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3
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Mostufa S, Rezaei B, Yari P, Xu K, Gómez-Pastora J, Sun J, Shi Z, Wu K. Giant Magnetoresistance Based Biosensors for Cancer Screening and Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4042-4059. [PMID: 37725557 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage screening of cancer is critical in preventing its development and therefore can improve the prognosis of the disease. One accurate and effective method of cancer screening is using high sensitivity biosensors to detect optically, chemically, or magnetically labeled cancer biomarkers. Among a wide range of biosensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based devices offer high sensitivity, low background noise, robustness, and low cost. With state-of-the-art micro- and nanofabrication techniques, tens to hundreds of independently working GMR biosensors can be integrated into fingernail-sized chips for the simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers (i.e., multiplexed assay). Meanwhile, the miniaturization of GMR chips makes them able to be integrated into point-of-care (POC) devices. In this review, we first introduce three types of GMR biosensors in terms of their structures and physics, followed by a discussion on fabrication techniques for those sensors. In order to achieve target cancer biomarker detection, the GMR biosensor surface needs to be subjected to biological decoration. Thus, commonly used methods for surface functionalization are also reviewed. The robustness of GMR-based biosensors in cancer detection has been demonstrated by multiple research groups worldwide and we review some representative examples. At the end of this review, the challenges and future development prospects of GMR biosensor platforms are commented on. With all their benefits and opportunities, it can be foreseen that GMR biosensor platforms will transition from a promising candidate to a robust product for cancer screening in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kanglin Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jiajia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Zongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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4
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Ha Y. Exploiting the Potential of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid Diagnosis Tests (RDTs): Nanoparticle-Antibody Conjugates and Color Development Strategies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3033. [PMID: 37835776 PMCID: PMC10572869 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a promising material in disease diagnostics due to their potential to enhance detection sensitivity, facilitate concentration and purification of target substances in diverse samples, and enable favorable color-based detection. In this study, antibody-conjugated MNPs were successfully synthesized and validated through two appropriate methods: the measurement of MNPs' size and the use of phosphatase methods. Additionally, three methods were suggested and implemented for developing color in MNPs-based immunoassay, including the formation of MNP aggregations, utilization of MNPs' peroxidase-like activity, and synthesis of dually-conjugated MNPs with both enzyme and antibody. In particular, color development utilizing nanoparticle aggregations was demonstrated to result in a more yellowish color as virus concentration increased, while the peroxidase activity of MNPs exhibited a proportional increase in color intensity as the MNP concentration increased. This observation suggests the potential applicability of quantitative analysis using these methods. Furthermore, effective concentration and purification of target substances were demonstrated through the collection of MNPs using an external magnetic field, irrespective of factors such as antibody conjugation, dispersion medium, or virus binding. Finally, based on the key findings of this study, a design proposal for MNPs-based immunoassay is presented. Overall, MNPs-based immunoassays hold significant potential for advancing disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Ha
- ICT Environment Convergence, Department of ICT Convergence, College of IT Engineering, Pyeongtaek University, 3825 Seodong-daero, Pyeongtaek-si 17869, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sveiven M, Gassman A, Rosenberg J, Chan M, Boniface J, O’Donoghue AJ, Laurent LC, Hall DA. A dual-binding magnetic immunoassay to predict spontaneous preterm birth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256267. [PMID: 37790251 PMCID: PMC10542577 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complications posed by preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy) are a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality. The previous discovery and validation of an algorithm that includes maternal serum protein biomarkers, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IBP4), with clinical factors to predict preterm birth represents an opportunity for the development of a widely accessible point-of-care assay to guide clinical management. Toward this end, we developed SHBG and IBP4 quantification assays for maternal serum using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors and a self-normalizing dual-binding magnetic immunoassay. The assays have a picomolar limit of detections (LOD) with a relatively broad dynamic range that covers the physiological level of the analytes as they change throughout gestation. Measurement of serum from pregnant donors using the GMR assays was highly concordant with those obtained using a clinical mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay for the same protein markers. The MS assay requires capitally intense equipment and highly trained operators with a few days turnaround time, whereas the GMR assays can be performed in minutes on small, inexpensive instruments with minimal personnel training and microfluidic automation. The potential for high sensitivity, accuracy, and speed of the GMR assays, along with low equipment and personnel requirements, make them good candidates for developing point-of-care tests. Rapid turnaround risk assessment for preterm birth would enable patient testing and counseling at the same clinic visit, thereby increasing the timeliness of recommended interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sveiven
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Gassman
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joshua Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jay Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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6
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Kisała J, Kociubiński A, Jartych E. Influence of the NiFe/Cu/NiFe Structure Dimensions and Position in External Magnetic Field on Resistance Changes under the Magnetoresistance Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4810. [PMID: 37445124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this work is NiFe/Cu/NiFe thin-film structures made by magnetron sputtering and showing the phenomenon of magnetoresistance. Three series of samples differing in spatial dimensions and thickness of the Cu spacer were produced. During the sputtering process, an external magnetic field of approx. 10 mT was applied to the substrate. Measurements of the resistance of the structures were carried out in the field of neodymium magnets in three different positions of the sample in relation to the direction of the field. The measurements allowed us to indicate in which position the structures of different series achieved the greatest changes in resistance. For each of the three series of layer systems, the nature of changes in the determined coefficient of giant magnetoresistance ΔR/R remained similar, while for the series with the smallest copper thickness (2.5 nm), the coefficient reached the highest value of about 2.7‱. In addition, impedance measurements were made for the structures of each series in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. For series with a thinner copper layer, a decrease in impedance values was observed in the 10-100 kHz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kisała
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kociubiński
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jartych
- Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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7
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Yari P, Rezaei B, Dey C, Chugh VK, Veerla NVRK, Wang JP, Wu K. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Point-of-Care: A Review on Recent Advances. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094411. [PMID: 37177614 PMCID: PMC10181768 DOI: 10.3390/s23094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its first report in 2006, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS)-based biosensors have flourished over the past decade. Currently, MPS are used for a wide range of applications, such as disease diagnosis, foodborne pathogen detection, etc. In this work, different MPS platforms, such as dual-frequency and mono-frequency driving field designs, were reviewed. MPS combined with multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively reported as a versatile platform for the detection of a long list of biomarkers. The surface-functionalized MNPs serve as nanoprobes that specifically bind and label target analytes from liquid samples. Herein, an analysis of the theories and mechanisms that underlie different MPS platforms, which enable the implementation of bioassays based on either volume or surface, was carried out. Furthermore, this review draws attention to some significant MPS platform applications in the biomedical and biological fields. In recent years, different kinds of MPS point-of-care (POC) devices have been reported independently by several groups in the world. Due to the high detection sensitivity, simple assay procedures and low cost per run, the MPS POC devices are expected to become more widespread in the future. In addition, the growth of telemedicine and remote monitoring has created a greater demand for POC devices, as patients are able to receive health assessments and obtain results from the comfort of their own homes. At the end of this review, we comment on the opportunities and challenges for POC devices as well as MPS devices regarding the intensely growing demand for rapid, affordable, high-sensitivity and user-friendly devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Clifton Dey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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8
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GhaderiShekhiAbadi P, Irani M, Noorisepehr M, Maleki A. Magnetic biosensors for identification of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, HIV, and Ebola viruses: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:272001. [PMID: 36996779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc8da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza, HIV, Ebola, etc kill many people around the world every year (SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Ebola in 2013, HIV in 1980, Influenza in 1918). For example, SARS-CoV-2 has plagued higher than 317 000 000 people around the world from December 2019 to January 13, 2022. Some infectious diseases do not yet have not a proper vaccine, drug, therapeutic, and/or detection method, which makes rapid identification and definitive treatments the main challenges. Different device techniques have been used to detect infectious diseases. However, in recent years, magnetic materials have emerged as active sensors/biosensors for detecting viral, bacterial, and plasmids agents. In this review, the recent applications of magnetic materials in biosensors for infectious viruses detection have been discussed. Also, this work addresses the future trends and perspectives of magnetic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Irani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noorisepehr
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
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9
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Szatmari A, Bortnic R, Souca G, Hirian R, Barbu-Tudoran L, Nekvapil F, Iacovita C, Burzo E, Dudric R, Tetean R. The Influence of Zn Substitution on Physical Properties of CoFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:189. [PMID: 36616099 PMCID: PMC9823853 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Co1−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been synthesized via a green sol−gel combustion method. The prepared samples were studied using X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, and magnetic measurements. All samples were found to be single phases and have a cubic Fd-3m structure. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of cobalt, zinc, iron, and oxygen in all studied samples. Raman spectra clearly show that Zn ions are preferentially located in T sites for low Zn concentrations. Due to their high crystallinity, the nanoparticles show high values of the magnetization, which increases with the Zn content for x < 0.5. The magnetic properties are discussed based on Raman results. Co ferrite doped with 30% of Zn produced the largest SAR values, which increase linearly from 148 to 840 W/gMNPs as the H is increased from 20 to 60 kA/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szatmari
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Bortnic
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Souca
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Hirian
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center “Prof. C. Craciun”, Faculty of Biology & Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fran Nekvapil
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- RDI Laboratory of Applied Raman Spectroscopy, RDI Institute of Applied Natural Sciences (IRDI-ANS), Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 42, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Burzo
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romulus Tetean
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Zhang Q, Rawal G, Qian J, Ibrahim H, Zhang J, Dong L, Lu M. An integrated magneto-opto-fluidic biosensor for rapid on-chip assay of respiratory viruses of livestock. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3236-3244. [PMID: 35875988 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is one of the most important causes of economic loss in swine production. In the USA, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) are currently the top two primary viruses causing swine respiratory diseases. The commonly used PCR-based virus detection methods require virus extraction, nucleic acid purification, and detection, which are relatively time-consuming and expensive. This work reports an integrated magneto-opto-fluidic (iMOF) platform, in which antibody functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can enable efficient enrichment of multiple swine respiratory viruses and a photonic crystal (PC) biosensor can transduce the amount of captured MNP-virus nanoparticles to the change of their reflection signatures. Owing to the high refractive index of Fe2O3 MNPs, the use of MNPs can significantly enhance the PC sensor output. The proof-of-concept validation involves using antibody-functionalized MNPs to recognize IAV and PRRSV and transferring the formed MNP-virus conjugates onto the surface of the PC biosensors to quantify these viruses. The iMOF platform offers a high sensitivity of 3.5 TCID50 mL-1 and 5.9 TCID50 mL-1 for detecting IAV and PRRSV, respectively, and a rapid turnaround within one hour, including the MNP-virus conjugation, enrichment, and detection. The on-chip virus platform has a great potential for in-field surveillance of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinming Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Gaurav Rawal
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jingjing Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Hussam Ibrahim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Microelectronics Research Centre, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Microelectronics Research Centre, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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11
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Liang S, Sutham P, Wu K, Mallikarjunan K, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors for Food Safety Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155663. [PMID: 35957220 PMCID: PMC9371012 DOI: 10.3390/s22155663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks around the globe has aroused the wide attention of the food industry and regulators. During food production, processing, storage, and transportation, microorganisms may grow and secrete toxins as well as other harmful substances. These kinds of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources can seriously endanger human health. The traditional detection methods such as cell culture and colony counting cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection due to some intrinsic shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and requiring expensive instrumentation or a central laboratory. In the past decade, efforts have been made to develop rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection platforms for on-site food safety regulation. Herein, we review one type of promising biosensing platform that may revolutionize the current food surveillance approaches, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors. Benefiting from the advances of nanotechnology, hundreds to thousands of GMR biosensors can be integrated into a fingernail-sized area, allowing the higher throughput screening of food samples at a lower cost. In addition, combined with on-chip microfluidic channels and filtration function, this type of GMR biosensing system can be fully automatic, and less operator training is required. Furthermore, the compact-sized GMR biosensor platforms could be further extended to related food contamination and the field screening of other pathogen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Phanatchakorn Sutham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Mei Y, Lin X, He C, Zeng W, Luo Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Yang M, Kuang Y, Huang Q. Recent Progresses in Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Detection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:952510. [PMID: 35910031 PMCID: PMC9335408 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is still a major public health concern in many nations today. COVID-19 transmission is now controlled mostly through early discovery, isolation, and therapy. Because of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the contributing factor to COVID-19, establishing timely, sensitive, accurate, simple, and budget detection technologies for the SARS-CoV-2 is urgent for epidemic prevention. Recently, several electrochemical DNA biosensors have been developed for the rapid monitoring and detection of SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review examines the latest improvements in the detection of SARS-COV-2 utilizing electrochemical DNA biosensors. Meanwhile, this mini-review summarizes the problems faced by the existing assays and puts an outlook on future trends in the development of new assays for SARS-CoV-2, to provide researchers with a borrowing role in the generation of different assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Qitong Huang,
| | - Chen He
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qitong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, School of Public Health and Health Management, School of Medical and Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, The Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Qitong Huang,
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13
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Kabay G, DeCastro J, Altay A, Smith K, Lu HW, Capossela AM, Moarefian M, Aran K, Dincer C. Emerging Biosensing Technologies for the Diagnostics of Viral Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201085. [PMID: 35288985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several viral infectious diseases appear limitless since the beginning of the 21st century, expanding into pandemic lengths. Thus, there are extensive efforts to provide more efficient means of diagnosis, a better understanding of acquired immunity, and improved monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers, as these are all crucial for controlling the spread of infection while aiding in vaccine development and improving patient outcomes. In this regard, various biosensors have been developed recently to streamline pathogen and immune response detection by addressing the limitations of traditional methods, including isothermal amplification-based systems and lateral flow assays. This review explores state-of-the-art biosensors for detecting viral pathogens, serological assays, and inflammatory biomarkers from the material perspective, by discussing their advantages, limitations, and further potential regarding their analytical performance, clinical utility, and point-of-care adaptability. Additionally, next-generation biosensing technologies that offer better sensitivity and selectivity, and easy handling for end-users are highlighted. An emerging example of these next-generation biosensors are those powered by novel synthetic biology tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), in combination with integrated point-of-care devices. Lastly, the current challenges are discussed and a roadmap for furthering these advanced biosensing technologies to manage future pandemics is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Kabay
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces - IFG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonalyn DeCastro
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Alara Altay
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kasey Smith
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Hsiang-Wei Lu
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | | | - Maryam Moarefian
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Kiana Aran
- The Claremont Colleges, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Cardea Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Farm Animal Diseases: From Biosensors to Integrated Lab-on-Chip Devices. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070455. [PMID: 35884258 PMCID: PMC9312888 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.
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15
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Wu K, Liu J, Chugh VK, Liang S, Saha R, Krishna VD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic particle spectroscopy-based bioassays: a 15 year recap. NANO FUTURES 2022; 6:022001. [PMID: 36199556 PMCID: PMC9531898 DOI: 10.1088/2399-1984/ac5cd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio and size-related magnetism, which are completely different from their bulk materials. Benefiting from the facile synthesis and chemical modification strategies, MNPs have been widely studied for applications in nanomedicine. Herein, we firstly summarized the designs of MNPs from the perspectives of materials and physicochemical properties tailored for biomedical applications. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), first reported in 2006, has flourished as an independent platform for many biological and biomedical applications. It has been extensively reported as a versatile platform for a variety of bioassays along with the artificially designed MNPs, where the MNPs serve as magnetic nanoprobes to specifically probe target analytes from fluid samples. In this review, the mechanisms and theories of different MPS platforms realizing volumetric- and surface-based bioassays are discussed. Some representative works of MPS platforms for applications such as disease diagnosis, food safety and plant pathology monitoring, drug screening, thrombus maturity assessments are reviewed. At the end of this review, we commented on the rapid growth and booming of MPS-based bioassays in its first 15 years. We also prospected opportunities and challenges that portable MPS devices face in the rapidly growing demand for fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-use biometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Venkatramana D Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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16
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Ravi N, Chang SE, Franco LM, Nagamani SCS, Khatri P, Utz PJ, Wang SX. A GMR-based assay for quantification of the human response to influenza. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114086. [PMID: 35192997 PMCID: PMC8986584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and quantifying the host transcriptional response to influenza virus infection can serve as a real-time diagnostic tool for clinical management. We have employed the multiplexing capabilities of GMR sensors to develop a novel assay based on the influenza metasignature (IMS), which can classify influenza infection based on transcript levels. We show that the assay can reliably detect ten IMS transcripts and distinguish subjects with naturally acquired influenza infection from those with other symptomatic viral infections (AUC 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.00). Separately, we validated that the gene IFI27, not included in the IMS panel, has very high single-biomarker accuracy (AUC 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99) in stratifying patients with influenza. We demonstrate that a portable GMR biosensor can be used as a tool to diagnose influenza infection by measuring the host response, simultaneously highlighting the power of immune system metrics and advancing the field of gene expression-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Ravi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 93405, USA.
| | - Sarah E Chang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Luis M Franco
- Functional Immunogenomics Unit, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul J Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Sarkar S, Maiti SK. Magnetoresistive effect in a quantum heterostructure with helical spacer: interplay between helicity and external electric field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:305301. [PMID: 35550567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6f3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Giant magnetoresistive effect in a multi-layered structure not only depends on the properties of magnetic systems, it also strongly depends on the type of non-magnetic spacer that is clamped between magnetic layers. In this work, we critically investigate the role of a helical spacer in presence of a transverse electric field. Two kinds of helical geometries, possessing short-range (SRH) and long-range hopping (LRH) of electrons, are taken into account mimicking single-stranded DNA and protein molecules respectively. Sandwiching the magnetic-non-magnetic-magnetic quantum heterostructure between source and drain contact electrodes, we investigate the properties of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) following the Green's function formalism within a tight-binding framework. The interplay between SRHs and LRHs of electrons provides several nontrivial signatures in GMR, especially in the presence of transverse electric field, as it makes the system a deterministic disordered one, similar to the well-known Aubry-Andre-Harper from. The famous gapped nature of energy band structure in presence of cosine modulation leads to high degree of magnetoresistance at multiple Fermi energies, compared to the traditional spacers. The magnetoresistive effect can be monitored selectively by adjusting the electric field strength and its direction. Comparing the results between the SRH and LRH cases, we find that the later one is more superior. Finally, to make the system more realistic we include the effect of dephasing. Our analysis may provide some fundamental aspects of designing electronic and spintronic devices based on magnetoresistive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Sarkar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700108, India
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700108, India
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18
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Wu K, Tonini D, Liang S, Saha R, Chugh VK, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors in Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9945-9969. [PMID: 35167743 PMCID: PMC9055838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect has seen flourishing development from theory to application in the last three decades since its discovery in 1988. Nowadays, commercial devices based on the GMR effect, such as hard-disk drives, biosensors, magnetic field sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc., are available in the market, by virtue of the advances in state-of-the-art thin-film deposition and micro- and nanofabrication techniques. Different types of GMR biosensor arrays with superior sensitivity and robustness are available at a lower cost for a wide variety of biomedical applications. In this paper, we review the recent advances in GMR-based biomedical applications including disease diagnosis, genotyping, food and drug regulation, brain and cardiac mapping, etc. The GMR magnetic multilayer structure, spin valve, and magnetic granular structure, as well as fundamental theories of the GMR effect, are introduced at first. The emerging topic of flexible GMR for wearable biosensing is also included. Different GMR pattern designs, sensor surface functionalization, bioassay strategies, and on-chip accessories for improved GMR performances are reviewed. It is foreseen that combined with the state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, GMR biosensors hold great promise in biomedicine, particularly for point-of-care (POC) disease diagnosis and wearable devices for real-time health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Aptamers-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Solution in SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031412. [PMID: 35163338 PMCID: PMC8836149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently the most serious challenge to global public health. Its emergence has severely disrupted the functioning of health services and the economic and social situation worldwide. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed to allow for the early detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and appropriate treatment, which is crucial for the effective control of the COVID-19 disease. The ideal solution seems to be the use of aptamers—short fragments of nucleic acids, DNA or RNA—that can bind selected proteins with high specificity and affinity. They can be used in methods that base the reading of the test result on fluorescence phenomena, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical changes. Exploiting the properties of aptamers will enable the introduction of rapid, sensitive, specific, and low-cost tests for the routine diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Aptamers are excellent candidates for the development of point-of-care diagnostic devices and are potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of COVID-19. They can effectively block coronavirus activity in multiple fields by binding viral proteins and acting as carriers of therapeutic substances. In this review, we present recent developments in the design of various types of aptasensors to detect and treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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20
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Recent advances on nickel nano-ferrite: A review on processing techniques, properties and diverse applications. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Naikoo GA, Awan T, Hassan IU, Salim H, Arshad F, Ahmed W, Asiri AM, Qurashi A. Nanomaterials-Based Sensors for Respiratory Viral Detection: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:17643-17656. [PMID: 35790098 PMCID: PMC8769020 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3085084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Contagious diseases are the principal cause of mortality, particularly respiratory viruses, a real menace for public health and economic development worldwide. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatments are the only life-saving strategy to overcome any epidemic and particularly the ongoing prevailing pandemic COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. A rapid identification, point of care, portable, highly sensitive, stable, and inexpensive device is needed which is exceptionally satisfied by sensor technology. Consequently, the researchers have directed their attention to employing sensors targeting multiple analyses of pathogenic detections across the world. Nanostructured materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanobundles, etc.), owing to their unique characteristics such as large surface-to-volume ratio and nanoscale interactions, are widely employed to fabricate facile sensors to meet all the immediate emerging challenges and threats. This review is anticipated to foster researchers in developing advanced nanomaterials-based sensors for the increasing number of COVID-19 cases across the globe. The mechanism of respiratory viral detection by nanomaterials-based sensors has been reported. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages, and their comparison with conventional sensors are summarized. Furthermore, we have highlighted the challenges and future potential of these sensors for achieving efficient and rapid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar A. Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied SciencesDhofar UniversitySalalahPC 211Oman
| | - Tasbiha Awan
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied SciencesDhofar UniversitySalalahPC 211Oman
| | | | - Hiba Salim
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied SciencesDhofar UniversitySalalahPC 211Oman
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of BiochemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh202002India
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of ScienceUniversity of LincolnLincolnLN6 7TSU.K.
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahPC 21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Department of ChemistryKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiPC 127788United Arab Emirates
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22
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Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) is the variation of a material’s resistivity under the presence of external magnetic fields. Reading heads in hard disk drives (HDDs) are the most common applications of MR sensors. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the 1980s and the application of GMR reading heads in the 1990s, the MR sensors lead to the rapid developments of the HDDs’ storage capacity. Nowadays, MR sensors are employed in magnetic storage, position sensing, current sensing, non-destructive monitoring, and biomedical sensing systems. MR sensors are used to transfer the variation of the target magnetic fields to other signals such as resistance change. This review illustrates the progress of developing nanoconstructed MR materials/structures. Meanwhile, it offers an overview of current trends regarding the applications of MR sensors. In addition, the challenges in designing/developing MR sensors with enhanced performance and cost-efficiency are discussed in this review.
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23
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Islam MJ, Jhahan M, Khatun MT, Khan MNI, Rahman MJ, Islam MA, Al-Momin A, Alam MM. Influence of Mg substitution on structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Zn-Cu ferrites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2021; 32:26173-26180. [PMID: 38624708 PMCID: PMC8312359 DOI: 10.1007/s10854-021-06617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies on Mg substituted Zn-Cu ferrites with chemical formula of Zn0.6Cu0.4-xMgxFe2O4 were synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. The structural phase of all the samples is characterized by XRD, show single phased cubic spinel structure. Density of the samples increases with the increase of Mg quantity. Average grain diameter decreases with increasing Mg content. All samples show soft ferromagnetic behavior as confirmed from the M-H hysteresis loop obtained from the VSM analysis. Thesaturation magnetization decreases with increasing Mg quantity. Increasing and decreasing trend of coercivity with the increase of Mg quantityis observed, which led to the slightly hard magnetic phase. The high frequencies create more effective for the ferrite grains of advanced conductivity and minor dielectric constant for all the samples but the AC electrical resistivity and dielectric constant are initiate to be more operational at lower frequencies. The variation of resistivity, dielectric constant with the Mg concentration is completely related to the porosity and bulk density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Johurul Islam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Jhahan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - M. T. Khatun
- Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. N. I. Khan
- Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jellur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. M. Alam
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, 7003 Kushtia, Bangladesh
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24
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Nemati Z, Modiano J, Franklin R, Stadler B. Realizing the Principles for Remote and Selective Detection of Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7742-7749. [PMID: 34232647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The unmet demand for selective and remote detection of biological entities has urged nanobiotechnology to prioritize the innovation of biolabels that can be remotely detected. Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) have been deemed promising for remote detection as the magnetic fields can deeply and safely penetrate into tissue. However, the overlapping nature of the magnetic signatures has been a long-standing challenge for selective detection, which we resolve here. To do so, 13 types of MNWs with unique irreversible switching field (ISF) signatures were synthesized for labeling canine osteosarcoma (OSCA-8) cancer cells (one set) and polycarbonate biopolymers (12 sets). After characterizing the ISF signature of each MNW type, the MNW-labeled cancer cells were transferred onto MNW-labeled biopolymers to determine the most distinguishable ISF signatures and to discern the principles for reliable selective detection of biological entities. We show that tailoring the ISF of MNWs by tuning their coercivity is a highly effective approach for generating distinct magnetic biolabels for selective detection of cells. These findings smooth the path for the progression of nanobiotechnology by enabling the remote and selective detection of biological entities using MNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zohreh Nemati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jaime Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rhonda Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bethanie Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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On the sensitivity-enhancement in plasmonic biosensor with photonic spin Hall effect at visible wavelength. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Gupta S, Bhatter P, Kakkar V. Point-of-care detection of tuberculosis using magnetoresistive biosensing chip. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102055. [PMID: 33561629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive and specific technique based on the principle of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) has been proposed for the early stage Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. This GMR biosensing assay employs monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis specific ESAT-6 antigen with the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as labels. MNPs bind to the GMR sensor in presence of ESAT-6 and the binding is proportional to the ESAT-6 protein concentration leading to the change in overall resistance of GMR sensor. GMR biosensor simulation showed that ESAT-6 concentration can be detected in the range of pg/mL in comparison to the other transduction techniques available for ESAT-6 detection and further, the signal strength increased with the increase in the concentration. This work has shown that the GMR biosensing strategy is pertinent for the TB detection at the primitive phases when compared with other magnetic techniques used for TB diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Gupta
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India.
| | - Purva Bhatter
- Post Doc in Tuberculosis Immunology from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Vipan Kakkar
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India.
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Ravina, Manjeet, Mohan H, Narang J, Pundir S, Pundir CS. A changing trend in diagnostic methods of Influenza A (H3N2) virus in human: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 33495723 PMCID: PMC7816835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is classified into four types A, B, C, and D, but type A and B are responsible for major illnesses in people with influenza A being the only virus responsible for flu pandemics due to the presence of two surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on the virus. The two subtypes of influenza A virus, H1N1 and H3N2, have been known to cause many flu pandemics. Both subtypes change genetically and antigenically to produce variants (clades and subclades, also know as groups and subgroups). H3N2 tends to change rapidly, both genetically and antigenically whereas that of H1N1 generally tends to have smaller changes. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses have evolved to form many separate, genetically different clades that continue to co-circulate. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses have caused significant deaths as per WHO report. The review describes methods for detection of influenza A(H3N2) viruses by conventional serological methods as well as the advanced methods of molecular biology and biosensors. All these methods are based on different parameters and have different targets but the goal is to improve specificity and increase sensitivity. Amongst the molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered a gold standard test due to its many advantages whereas a number of other molecular methods are time-consuming, complex to perform or lack specificity. The review also considers bio-sensing methods for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of H3N2. The classification and principle of various H3N2 biosensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manjeet
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abid SA, Ahmed Muneer A, Al-Kadmy IMS, Sattar AA, Beshbishy AM, Batiha GES, Hetta HF. Biosensors as a future diagnostic approach for COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 273:119117. [PMID: 33508293 PMCID: PMC7834970 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are important devices in clinical diagnostics, food processing, and environmental monitoring for detecting various analytes, especially viruses. These biosensors provide rapid and effective instruments for qualitative and quantitative detection of infectious diseases in real-time. Here, we report the development of biosensors based on various techniques. Additionally, we will explain the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the most common biosensors that are currently used for viral detection, which could be optical (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)) and electrochemical biosensors. Based on that, this review recommends methods for efficient, simple, low-cost, and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) that employ the two types of biosensors depending on attaching hemoglobin β-chain and binding of specific antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad Abbas Abid
- Branch of microbiology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, POX 10244, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Ahmed Muneer
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK; Departmentt of physics, college of science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq..
| | - Israa M S Al-Kadmy
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, POX 10244, Baghdad, Iraq; Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Anas A Sattar
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, 080-8555 Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Abstract
Magnetic particle-based immunoassays are widely used in microbiology-related assays for both microbial capture, separation, analysis, and detection. Besides facilitating sample operation, the implementation of micro-to-nanometer scale magnetic beads as a solid support potentially shortens the incubation time (for magnetic immuno capture) from several hours to less than an hour. Analytical technologies based on magnetic beads offer a rapid, effective and inexpensive way to separate and concentrate the target analytes prior to detection. Magneto-immuno separation uses magnetic particles coated with specific antibodies to capture target microorganisms, bear the corresponding antigens, and subsequently separate them from the sample matrix in a magnetic field. The method has been proven effective in separating various types of pathogenic bacteria from environmental water samples and in eliminating background interferences. Magnetic particles are often used to capture target cells (pathogenic bacteria) from samples. In most commercially available assays, the actual identification and quantitation of the captured cells is then performed by classical microbiological assays. This review highlights the most sensitive analytic methods (i.e., long-range surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) to detect magnetically tagged bacteria in conjunction with magnetic actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Gheorghiu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, Bucharest 060101, Romania
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30
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Castillo-Henríquez L, Brenes-Acuña M, Castro-Rojas A, Cordero-Salmerón R, Lopretti-Correa M, Vega-Baudrit JR. Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6926. [PMID: 33291722 PMCID: PMC7730340 DOI: 10.3390/s20236926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are measurement devices that can sense several biomolecules, and are widely used for the detection of relevant clinical pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, showing outstanding results. Because of the latent existing risk of facing another pandemic like the one we are living through due to COVID-19, researchers are constantly looking forward to developing new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses. Regarding that, nanotechnology has improved biosensors' design and performance through the development of materials and nanoparticles that enhance their affinity, selectivity, and efficacy in detecting these pathogens, such as employing nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this work aims to present a comprehensive review that exposes how biosensors work in terms of bacterial and viral detection, and the nanotechnological features that are contributing to achieving a faster yet still efficient COVID-19 diagnosis at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo-Henríquez
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Mariana Brenes-Acuña
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Arianna Castro-Rojas
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Rolando Cordero-Salmerón
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Mary Lopretti-Correa
- Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo 11300, Uruguay;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- National Center for High Technology (CeNAT), National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica;
- Chemistry School, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica; (M.B.-A.); (A.C.-R.); (R.C.-S.)
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Ribeiro BV, Cordeiro TAR, Oliveira E Freitas GR, Ferreira LF, Franco DL. Biosensors for the detection of respiratory viruses: A review. TALANTA OPEN 2020; 2:100007. [PMID: 34913046 PMCID: PMC7428963 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent events of outbreaks related to different respiratory viruses in the past few years, exponentiated by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported worldwide caused by SARS-CoV-2, raised a concern and increased the search for more information on viruses-based diseases. The detection of the virus with high specificity and sensitivity plays an important role for an accurate diagnosis. Despite the many efforts to identify the SARS-CoV-2, the diagnosis still relays on expensive and time-consuming analysis. A fast and reliable alternative is the use of low-cost biosensor for in loco detection. This review gathers important contributions in the biosensor area regarding the most current respiratory viruses, presents the advances in the assembly of the devices and figures of merit. All information is useful for further biosensor development for the detection of respiratory viruses, such as for the new coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Viana Ribeiro
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology (RMPCT), Laboratory of Electroanlytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE) - Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais 38700-128, Brazil
| | - Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ramos Oliveira E Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology (MICRO), Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas - Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology (RMPCT), Laboratory of Electroanlytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE) - Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais 38700-128, Brazil
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Wu K, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Liu J, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic-Nanosensor-Based Virus and Pathogen Detection Strategies before and during COVID-19. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:9560-9580. [PMID: 37556271 PMCID: PMC7526334 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a threat to the global healthcare system and economic security. As of July 2020, no specific drugs or vaccines are yet available for COVID-19; a fast and accurate diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 is essential in slowing the spread of COVID-19 and for efficient implementation of control and containment strategies. Magnetic nanosensing is an emerging topic representing the frontiers of current biosensing and magnetic areas. The past decade has seen rapid growth in applying magnetic tools for biological and biomedical applications. Recent advances in magnetic nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have transformed current diagnostic methods to nanoscale and pushed the detection limit to early-stage disease diagnosis. Herein, this review covers the literature of magnetic nanosensors for virus and pathogen detection before COVID-19. We review popular magnetic nanosensing techniques including magnetoresistance, magnetic particle spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Magnetic point-of-care diagnostic kits are also reviewed aiming at developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as well as preventing future epidemics. In addition, other platforms that use magnetic nanomaterials as auxiliary tools for enhanced pathogen and virus detection are also covered. The goal of this review is to inform the researchers of diagnostic and surveillance platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Material Science, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population
Medicine, University of Minnesota, St.
Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C.-J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population
Medicine, University of Minnesota, St.
Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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33
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Ng E, Le AK, Nguyen MH, Wang SX. Early Multiplexed Detection of Cirrhosis using Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors with Protein Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3049-3057. [PMID: 32896123 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. It is highly prevalent in developing countries and is growing in prevalence in developed countries mostly because of chronic liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B and C and alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the prevalence of cirrhosis may be highly underestimated because early stages are asymptomatic and current early detection methods are inadequate. Here, we evaluate the potential of a set of novel cirrhotic protein biomarkers, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer, for early detection of cirrhosis in a multiplexed assay using our giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor arrays. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers, individually and in combination, using multivariate logistic regression and random forest in a blinded proof-of-concept retrospective case-controlled study. The biomarkers in combination exhibited high diagnostic performance in both logistic regression and random forest models, with an area under the curve of 0.98 (0.94-1.00). In addition, the combination of biomarkers resulted in a high sensitivity of 0.97 (0.95-1.00) and a high specificity of 1.00. We showed that the diagnostic performance of our novel set of cirrhotic protein biomarkers on our multiplexed GMR sensor arrays is higher than the performance of currently used clinical biomarkers and factors (i.e., age, sex, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, etc.). With this combination of novel biomarkers and GMR technology, we could potentially boost the diagnostic power of early cirrhosis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - An K. Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Mindie H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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34
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Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Nanomaterials for Enhanced Biosensor Selectivity and Transduction. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Significant healthcare disparities resulting from personal wealth, circumstances of birth, education level, and more are internationally prevalent. As such, advances in biomedical science overwhelmingly benefit a minority of the global population. Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) can contribute to societal equilibrium by making medical diagnostics affordable, convenient, and fast. Unfortunately, conventional POCT appears stagnant in terms of achieving significant advances. This is attributed to the high cost and instability associated with conventional biorecognition: primarily antibodies, but nucleic acids, cells, enzymes, and aptamers have also been used. Instead, state-of-the-art biosensor researchers are increasingly leveraging molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for their high selectivity, excellent stability, and amenability to a variety of physical and chemical manipulations. Besides the elimination of conventional bioreceptors, the incorporation of nanomaterials has further improved the sensitivity of biosensors. Herein, modern nanobiosensors employing MIPs for selectivity and nanomaterials for improved transduction are systematically reviewed. First, a brief synopsis of fabrication and wide-spread challenges with selectivity demonstration are presented. Afterward, the discussion turns to an analysis of relevant case studies published in the last five years. The analysis is given through two lenses: MIP-based biosensors employing specific nanomaterials and those adopting particular transduction strategies. Finally, conclusions are presented along with a look to the future through recommendations for advancing the field. It is hoped that this work will accelerate successful efforts in the field, orient new researchers, and contribute to equitable health care for all.
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35
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Thakur P, Chahar D, Taneja S, Bhalla N, Thakur A. A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis, characterization and applications. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2020; 46:15740-15763. [PMID: 32292223 PMCID: PMC7138391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are taking great interest in the synthesis and characterization of MnZn ferrites due to their wide range of applications in many areas. MnZn ferrites are a class of soft magnetic materials that have very good electrical, magnetic and optical properties. The properties of MnZn ferrites include high value of resistivity, permeability, permittivity, saturation magnetization, low power losses and coercivity. The above mentioned advantageous features of MnZn ferrites make them suitable for the use in various applications. In biomedical field these ferrites are used for cancer treatment and MRI. MnZn ferrites are also used in electronic applications for making transformers, transducers and inductors. These ferrites are also used in magnetic fluids, sensors and biosensors. MnZn ferrite is highly useful material for several electrical and electronic applications. It finds applications in almost every household appliances like mobile charger, LED bulb, TV, refrigerator, juicer mixer, washing machine, iron, microwave oven, mobile, laptop, desktop, printer and so on. Therefore, the present review focuses on different techniques for synthesis of MnZn ferrites in literature, their characterization tools, effect of doping on the properties of MnZn ferrite and finally we will discuss about their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Thakur
- Department of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Deepika Chahar
- Department of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Shilpa Taneja
- Department of Physics, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown Shore Road, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Thakur
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India
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36
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Ren C, Bayin Q, Feng S, Fu Y, Ma X, Guo J. Biomarkers detection with magnetoresistance-based sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112340. [PMID: 32729483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing platforms for detecting and quantifying biomarkers have played an important role in the past decade. Among them, platforms based on magnetoresistance (MR) sensing technology are attractive. The resistance value of the material changes with the externally applied magnetic field is the core mechanism of MR sensing technology. A typical MR-based sensor has the characteristics of cost-effective, simple operation, high compactness, and high sensitivity. Moreover, using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as labels, MR-based sensors have the ability to overcome the high background noise of complex samples, so they are particularly suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the problem still exists. How to obtain high-throughput, that is, multiple detections of biomarkers in MR-based sensors, thereby improving detection efficiency and reducing the burden on patients is an important issue in future work. This paper reviews three MR-based detection technologies for the detection of biomarkers, i.e., anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). Based on these three common technologies, different typical applications that include biomedical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring are presented. Furthermore, the existing MR-based detection method is better expanded to make it more in line with present detection needs by combining different advanced technologies including microfluidics, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and Immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS). And then, a brief discussion of current challenges and perspectives of MR-based sensors are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ren
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Qiaoge Bayin
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Shilun Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yusheng Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China.
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37
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Khizar S, Ben Halima H, Ahmad NM, Zine N, Errachid A, Elaissari A. Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic and sensing: From transport to detection. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1206-1224. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Khizar
- Université de Lyon LAGEP, UMR‐5007, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5007 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
- Polymer Research Lab School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H‐12 Sector Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Hamdi Ben Halima
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Nasir M. Ahmad
- Polymer Research Lab School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H‐12 Sector Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Nadia Zine
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Université de Lyon Institut des Science Analytiques UMR 5280, CNRS Université Lyon 1 ENS Lyon-5, rue de la Doua Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Université de Lyon LAGEP, UMR‐5007, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5007 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918 Villeurbanne F‐69622 France
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38
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Stadler BJH. A Guideline for Effectively Synthesizing and Characterizing Magnetic Nanoparticles for Advancing Nanobiotechnology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2554. [PMID: 32365832 PMCID: PMC7248791 DOI: 10.3390/s20092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable multimodal functionalities of magnetic nanoparticles, conferred by their size and morphology, are very important in resolving challenges slowing the progression of nanobiotechnology. The rapid and revolutionary expansion of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology, especially in nanomedicine and therapeutics, demands an overview of the current state of the art for synthesizing and characterizing magnetic nanoparticles. In this review, we explain the synthesis routes for tailoring the size, morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. The pros and cons of the most popularly used characterization techniques for determining the aforementioned parameters, with particular focus on nanomedicine and biosensing applications, are discussed. Moreover, we provide numerous biomedical applications and highlight their challenges and requirements that must be met using the magnetic nanoparticles to achieve the most effective outcomes. Finally, we conclude this review by providing an insight towards resolving the persisting challenges and the future directions. This review should be an excellent source of information for beginners in this field who are looking for a groundbreaking start but they have been overwhelmed by the volume of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Wu K, Liu J, Saha R, Su D, Krishna VD, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Detection of Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13686-13697. [PMID: 32150378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with proper surface functionalization have been extensively applied as labels for magnetic immunoassays, carriers for controlled drug/gene delivery, tracers and contrasts for magnetic imaging, etc. Here, we introduce a new biosensing scheme based on magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and the self-assembly of MNPs to quantitatively detect H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules. MPS monitors the harmonics of oscillating MNPs as a metric for the freedom of rotational process, thus indicating the bound states of MNPs. These harmonics can be readily collected from nanogram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. The H1N1 nucleoprotein molecule hosts multiple different epitopes that forms binding sites for many IgG polyclonal antibodies. Anchoring IgG polyclonal antibodies onto MNPs triggers the cross-linking between MNPs and H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules, thereby forming MNP self-assemblies. Using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs, we were able to detect as low as 44 nM (4.4 pmole) H1N1 nucleoprotein. In addition, the morphologies and the hydrodynamic sizes of the MNP self-assemblies are characterized to verify the MPS results. Different MNP self-assembly models such as classical cluster, open ring tetramer, and chain model as well as multimers (from dimer to pentamer) are proposed in this paper. Herein, we claim the feasibility of using MPS and the self-assembly of MNPs as a new biosensing scheme for detecting ultralow concentrations of target biomolecules, which can be employed as rapid, sensitive, and wash-free magnetic immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diqing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Kim SE, Tieu MV, Hwang SY, Lee MH. Magnetic Particles: Their Applications from Sample Preparations to Biosensing Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030302. [PMID: 32183074 PMCID: PMC7142445 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in magnetic materials as a universal tool has been shown by an increasing number of scientific publications regarding magnetic materials and its various applications. Substantial progress has been recently made on the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide particles in terms of size, chemical composition, and surface chemistry. In addition, surface layers of polymers, silica, biomolecules, etc., on magnetic particles, can be modified to obtain affinity to target molecules. The developed magnetic iron oxide particles have been significantly utilized for diagnostic applications, such as sample preparations and biosensing platforms, leading to the selectivity and sensitivity against target molecules and the ease of use in the sensing systems. For the process of sample preparations, the magnetic particles do assist in target isolation from biological environments, having non-specific molecules and undesired molecules. Moreover, the magnetic particles can be easily applied for various methods of biosensing devices, such as optical, electrochemical, and magnetic phenomena-based methods, and also any methods combined with microfluidic systems. Here we review the utilization of magnetic materials in the isolation/preconcentration of various molecules and cells, and their use in various techniques for diagnostic biosensors that may greatly contribute to future innovation in point-of-care and high-throughput automation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Korea;
| | - My Van Tieu
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.V.T.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Sei Young Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.V.T.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Korea; (M.V.T.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5503; Fax: +82-2-814-2651
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Murzin D, Mapps DJ, Levada K, Belyaev V, Omelyanchik A, Panina L, Rodionova V. Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensors for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1569. [PMID: 32168981 PMCID: PMC7146409 DOI: 10.3390/s20061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications primarily focuses on equivalent magnetic noise reduction or overall design improvement in order to make them smaller and cheaper while keeping the required values of a limit of detection. One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. This introductory review focuses on modern magnetic field sensors suitable for biomedicine applications from a physical point of view and provides an overview of recent studies in this field. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic/giant/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Murzin
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Desmond J. Mapps
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
| | - Kateryna Levada
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Victor Belyaev
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Alexander Omelyanchik
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Larissa Panina
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
- National University of Science and Technology, MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Rodionova
- Institute of Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.L.); (V.B.); (A.O.); (L.P.); (V.R.)
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Abstract
A smart city has a bright and sustainable way to integrate services together and can monitor/control them using intelligent devices called sensors to preserve the efficient utilization of resources. Sensors are distributed everywhere in smart cities. They can be employed to monitor health care, transportation, infrastructure, building, surveillance, government, etc. Especially, nanosensors hold great impact to turn the current techniques for the detection of viruses. With the facility of real-time sensing, there is no need for regular inspections for maintenance and surveying, which results in reduced costs and time wastage. Definitely, common sensing platforms need persistent updates to address increasing doubts in the detection of viruses as they modify quickly and spread from person to person, pointing the urgency of early detection. In this chapter the introduction is briefly described in Section 30.1. The fundamental of nanosensors is explained in Section 30.2. The significance and applications of nanosensors in virus detection are extensively discussed in Sections 30.3 and 30.4. Section 30.5 consists of various challenges and outlook.
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Advances in Magnetoresistive Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010034. [PMID: 31888076 PMCID: PMC7019276 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) based biosensors are considered promising candidates for the detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as biomarkers and the biomagnetic fields. MR biosensors have been widely used in the detection of proteins, DNAs, as well as the mapping of cardiovascular and brain signals. In this review, we firstly introduce three different MR devices from the fundamental perspectives, followed by the fabrication and surface modification of the MR sensors. The sensitivity of the MR sensors can be improved by optimizing the sensing geometry, engineering the magnetic bioassays on the sensor surface, and integrating the sensors with magnetic flux concentrators and microfluidic channels. Different kinds of MR-based bioassays are also introduced. Subsequently, the research on MR biosensors for the detection of protein biomarkers and genotyping is reviewed. As a more recent application, brain mapping based on MR sensors is summarized in a separate section with the discussion of both the potential benefits and challenges in this new field. Finally, the integration of MR biosensors with flexible substrates is reviewed, with the emphasis on the fabrication techniques to obtain highly shapeable devices while maintaining comparable performance to their rigid counterparts.
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Wu K, Su D, Liu J, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine: a review of recent advances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:502003. [PMID: 31491782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, in addition to their small size, possess unique physicochemical properties that differ from bulk materials, making them ideal for a host of novel applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one important class of nanomaterials that have been widely studied for their potential applications in nanomedicine. Due to the fact that MNPs can be detected and manipulated by remote magnetic fields, it opens a wide opportunity for them to be used in vivo. Nowadays, MNPs have been used for diverse applications including magnetic biosensing (diagnostics), magnetic imaging, magnetic separation, drug and gene delivery, and hyperthermia therapy, etc. Specifically, we reviewed some emerging techniques in magnetic diagnostics such as magnetoresistive (MR) and micro-Hall (μHall) biosensors, as well as the magnetic particle spectroscopy, magnetic relaxation switching and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based bioassays. Recent advances in applying MNPs as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and as tracer materials in magnetic particle imaging are reviewed. In addition, the development of high magnetic moment MNPs with proper surface functionalization has progressed exponentially over the past decade. To this end, different MNP synthesis approaches and surface coating strategies are reviewed and the biocompatibility and toxicity of surface functionalized MNP nanocomposites are also discussed. Herein, we are aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art biological and biomedical applications of MNPs. This review is not only to provide in-depth insights into the different synthesis, biofunctionalization, biosensing, imaging, and therapy methods but also to give an overview of limitations and possibilities of each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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Zhang H, Miller BL. Immunosensor-based label-free and multiplex detection of influenza viruses: State of the art. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111476. [PMID: 31272058 PMCID: PMC6717022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of influenza viruses to rapidly evolve has caused significant challenges in viral surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic development. Molecular sequencing methods, though powerful tools for monitoring influenza evolution at the genetic level, are not able to fully characterize the antigenic properties of influenza viruses. Understanding influenza virus antigenicity is critical to vaccine development and disease prevention. Traditional immunoassays which have been widely used for evaluating influenza antigenicity have limited throughput. To alleviate these problems, new bioanalytical tools to investigate influenza antigenicity by measuring antibody-antigen binding are an active area of research. Herein, we review immunosensor technologies from the aspects of various sensing principles, while highlighting recent developments in multiplex, label-free detection strategies. Highlighted technologies include electrochemical immunosensors relying on impedimetric detection; these demonstrate simple design and cost effectiveness for mass production. Antibody arrays implemented on an optical interferometric sensor system allow systematic characterization of influenza antigenicity. Quartz microbalance immunosensors are highly sensitive but have yet to be explored for multiplex sensing. Immunosensors made on lateral flow strips have shown promise in rapid diagnosis of influenza subtypes. We anticipate that these and other technologies discussed in the review will facilitate advances in the study of influenza, and other viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Benjamin L Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Box 270216, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Gupta S, Kakkar V. DARPin based GMR Biosensor for the detection of ESAT-6 Tuberculosis Protein. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 118:101852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Giraud M, Delapierre FD, Wijkhuisen A, Bonville P, Thévenin M, Cannies G, Plaisance M, Paul E, Ezan E, Simon S, Fermon C, Féraudet-Tarisse C, Jasmin-Lebras G. Evaluation of In-Flow Magnetoresistive Chip Cell-Counter as a Diagnostic Tool. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E105. [PMID: 31480476 PMCID: PMC6784370 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive simple medical devices allowing fast and reliable counting of whole cells are of interest for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Magnetic-based labs on a chip are one of the possibilities currently studied to address this issue. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors offer both great sensitivity and device integrability with microfluidics and electronics. When used on a dynamic system, GMR-based biochips are able to detect magnetically labeled individual cells. In this article, a rigorous evaluation of the main characteristics of this magnetic medical device (specificity, sensitivity, time of use and variability) are presented and compared to those of both an ELISA test and a conventional flow cytometer, using an eukaryotic malignant cell line model in physiological conditions (NS1 murine cells in phosphate buffer saline). We describe a proof of specificity of a GMR sensor detection of magnetically labeled cells. The limit of detection of the actual system was shown to be similar to the ELISA one and 10 times higher than the cytometer one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Giraud
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Anne Wijkhuisen
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Bonville
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Thévenin
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory Cannies
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Plaisance
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elodie Paul
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- Direction des Programmes et des Partenariats Publics, Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Claude Fermon
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Féraudet-Tarisse
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Wu K, Liu J, Su D, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic Nanoparticle Relaxation Dynamics-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Rapid and Wash-Free Molecular Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22979-22986. [PMID: 31252472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used as contrasts and tracers for bioimaging, heating sources for tumor therapy, carriers for controlled drug delivery, and labels for magnetic immunoassays. Here, we describe a MNP Brownian relaxation dynamics-based magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) method for the quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers. In MPS measurements, the harmonics of oscillating MNPs are recorded and used as a metric for the freedom of rotational motion, which indicates the bound states of the MNPs. These harmonics can be collected from microgram quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles within 10 s. As the harmonics are largely dependent on the quantity of the MNPs in the sample, the MPS bioassay results could be biased by the deviations of MNP quantities in each sample, especially for the very low-concentration biomarker detection scenarios. Herein, we report three MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics for characterizing the bound states of MNPs in MPS. Using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a model, we demonstrate the feasibility of using MPS and MNP concentration/quantity-independent metrics to sense these molecular interactions, showing that this method can achieve rapid, wash-free bioassays, and is suitable for future point-of-care, sensitive, and versatile diagnosis.
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Dincer C, Bruch R, Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT, Merkoçi A, Manz A, Urban GA, Güder F. Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806739. [PMID: 31094032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Disposable sensors are low-cost and easy-to-use sensing devices intended for short-term or rapid single-point measurements. The growing demand for fast, accessible, and reliable information in a vastly connected world makes disposable sensors increasingly important. The areas of application for such devices are numerous, ranging from pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, forensic, and food sciences to wearables and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource-limited settings. The capabilities of disposable sensors can extend beyond measuring traditional physical quantities (for example, temperature or pressure); they can provide critical chemical and biological information (chemo- and biosensors) that can be digitized and made available to users and centralized/decentralized facilities for data storage, remotely. These features could pave the way for new classes of low-cost systems for health, food, and environmental monitoring that can democratize sensing across the globe. Here, a brief insight into the materials and basics of sensors (methods of transduction, molecular recognition, and amplification) is provided followed by a comprehensive and critical overview of the disposable sensors currently used for medical diagnostics, food, and environmental analysis. Finally, views on how the field of disposable sensing devices will continue its evolution are discussed, including the future trends, challenges, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Dincer
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Bruch
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Estefanía Costa-Rama
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Manz
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gerald Anton Urban
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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Saylan Y, Erdem Ö, Ünal S, Denizli A. An Alternative Medical Diagnosis Method: Biosensors for Virus Detection. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E65. [PMID: 31117262 PMCID: PMC6627152 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases still pose an omnipresent threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural areas of cities. Underlying reasons of such serious maladies can be summarized as the paucity of appropriate analysis methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to the limited access of centralized and equipped health care facilities for diagnosis. Biosensors hold great impact to turn our current analytical methods into diagnostic strategies by restructuring their sensing module for the detection of biomolecules, especially nano-sized objects such as protein biomarkers and viruses. Unquestionably, current sensing platforms require continuous updates to address growing challenges in the diagnosis of viruses as viruses change quickly and spread largely from person-to-person, indicating the urgency of early diagnosis. Some of the challenges can be classified in biological barriers (specificity, low number of targets, and biological matrices) and technological limitations (detection limit, linear dynamic range, stability, and reliability), as well as economical aspects that limit their implementation into resource-scarce settings. In this review, the principle and types of biosensors and their applications in the diagnosis of distinct infectious diseases were comprehensively explained. The deployment of current biosensors into resource-scarce settings is further discussed for virus detection by elaborating the pros and cons of existing methods as a conclusion and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Özgecan Erdem
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Serhat Ünal
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey.
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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