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Dekyi, Xiao Y, Wang X, Feng S, Wang Y, Liao L, Wang S, Deng Y, Zheng J, Zhao D. Predominance of A2063G mutant strains in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic in children: A clinical and epidemiological study in 2023 in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 145:107074. [PMID: 38734057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases has changed in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era, and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children has attracted wide attention. METHODS Children hospitalized for pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in 2023 were enrolled. Respiratory secretions were obtained for the targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) including mutation of MP. Pulmonary inflammation was divided into bronchopneumonia and pulmonary consolidation/atelectasis according to lung computed tomography imaging. RESULTS Of the 667 pediatric pneumonia, 478 were MP positive (72%). The positive rate of MP detected by tNGS increased from April, and MP had become the primary pathogen of pneumonia in children in 2023. The 23S rRNA mutations were all A2063G, accounting for 85% of detected MP. The clinical symptoms of the mutant and wild-type strains were similar, with half of them experiencing atelectasis and lung consolidation. Early bronchoscopic lavage combined with azithromycin in pediatric pulmonary consolidation was an effective therapy strategy, which could be an alternative selection to MP pneumonia treatment. CONCLUSIONS A2063G mutant strain MP was the primary pathogen of mycoplasma pneumoniae in children recently, which was often complicated by extra-pulmonary symptoms and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yujia Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Shuwen Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Lihong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Shouyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Junwen Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China; Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Wuhan University, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China; Children's Digital Health and Data Center, Wuhan University, China.
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Gaeta NC, de Sá Guimarães AM, Timenetsky J, Clouser S, Gregory L, Ganda E. Comparative genomic analysis of Brazilian Mesomycoplasma ovipneumoniae strains revealed genomic differences associated with the geographic origin and health status and mutations in the gyrA. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110158. [PMID: 38917663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sheep respiratory disease (SRD) is a multifactorial illness commonly affecting sheep. Mesomycoplasma (Mycoplasma) ovipneumoniae is one of the most important etiological agents of SRD and should be better understood, especially in countries where it was recently detected, such as Brazil. Also, the intensive use of quinolones in mycoplasmal infections increases the selective pressure for resistance to this drug class, and no data about antimicrobial resistance in Brazil is available. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a comparative genomic analysis of newly isolated Brazilian M. ovipneumoniae strains, identify point mutations in target genes that may be associated with antibiotic resistance, and perform a phylogenomic analysis of these strains with available genome representatives of M. ovipneumoniae. Glucose-fermenting fried egg-like colonies identified as M. ovipneumoniae were obtained after a culture of tracheobronchial lavage from infected sheep. The genomes were sequenced, de novo assembled and comparatively evaluated. Important putative virulence factors were detected in all isolates: the analysis of the average nucleotide homology of all these genes with the M. ovipneumoniae ATCC 29419 revealed associations between clpB, lgt, tuf, and dnaJ genes and geographic location. In addition, nucleotide substitutions in a few positions of the Quinolone-Resistant Determinant Region of the gyrA gene, including the Ser83Ala, were detected. The phylogenomic analysis showed that the Brazilian isolates belonged to two different clades corresponding to geographic location, and the isolates from São Paulo showed high similarity, which differs from isolates from Rio de Janeiro. This first genomic analysis of the Brazilian M. ovipneumoniae genomes demonstrates strain segregation according to location and health status, reinforcing the importance of continuous surveillance and diagnostics of this bacteria causing sheep respiratory disease in the Brazilian flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Gaeta
- Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. University of São Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Medicine. Faculdades Integradas Campos Salles, Brazil.
| | - A M de Sá Guimarães
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Timenetsky
- Laboratory of Mycoplasmas. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Clouser
- College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - L Gregory
- Department of Internal Medicine. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Ganda
- College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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Leng M, Yang J, Liu X. Macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children observed during a period of high incidence in Henan, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33697. [PMID: 39040303 PMCID: PMC11260988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is one of the major pathogens that causes respiratory tract infections, and macrolide resistance has increased rapidly in recent years due to the inappropriate use of macrolides in northeastern Asia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate Mp infection and macrolide resistance during a period of high incidence of Mp infection in Henan, China. Methods A total of 29473 suspected children with Mp infection were enrolled in the study from July to December 2023. Throat swab specimens were collected from all the study subjects, and real-time PCR was performed to detect the Mp-DNA and macrolide resistance-associated A2063G or A2064G mutations. Results The overall percentage of Mp-DNA-positive patients was 51.1 %, and the percentage of macrolide-resistant strains was 91 %. The rate of macrolide resistance remained stable from July to December. The Mp-DNA positivity rates among the different age groups from low to high were 0-1, 1-3, 3-6, 10-18 and 6-10 years. The macrolide resistance rate was the lowest in the 0-1 age group and highest in the 6-10 age group. No difference in the rate of macrolide resistance was observed between male and female children. Conclusions The macrolide resistance rate of Mp did not change during the investigated period of high incidence of infection, and no sex difference existed. The macrolide resistance rate of Mp was the lowest in children under 1 year old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maodong Leng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, PR China
| | - Junmei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan, PR China
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Ma CX, Li Y, Liu WT, Li Y, Zhao F, Lian XT, Ding J, Liu SM, Liu XP, Fan BZ, Liu LY, Xue F, Li J, Zhang JR, Xue Z, Pei XT, Lin JZ, Liang JH. Synthetic macrolides overcoming MLS BK-resistant pathogens. Cell Discov 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 38992047 PMCID: PMC11239830 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-ketolide (MLSBK) antibiotics are unable to counter the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance that is conferred by the constitutive methylation of rRNA base A2058 or its G2058 mutation, while the presence of unmodified A2058 is crucial for high selectivity of traditional MLSBK in targeting pathogens over human cells. The absence of effective modes of action reinforces the prevailing belief that constitutively antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains impervious to existing macrolides including telithromycin. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of macrolides, featuring the strategic fusion of ketolide and quinolone moieties. Our effort led to the discovery of two potent compounds, MCX-219 and MCX-190, demonstrating enhanced antibacterial efficacy against a broad spectrum of formidable pathogens, including A2058-methylated Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and notably, the clinical Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates harboring A2058G mutations which are implicated in the recent pneumonia outbreak in China. Mechanistic studies reveal that the modified quinolone moiety of MCX-190 establishes a distinctive secondary binding site within the nascent peptide exit tunnel. Structure-activity relationship analysis underscores the importance of this secondary binding, maintained by a sandwich-like π-π stacking interaction and a water-magnesium bridge, for effective engagement with A2058-methylated ribosomes rather than topoisomerases targeted by quinolone antibiotics. Our findings not only highlight MCX-219 and MCX-190 as promising candidates for next-generation MLSBK antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance, but also pave the way for the future rational design of the class of MLSBK antibiotics, offering a strategic framework to overcome the challenges posed by escalating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Lian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xie-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yong Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue-Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Zhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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Jiang Y, Kang H, Dou H, Guo D, Yuan Q, Dong L, Du Z, Zhao W, Xin D. Comparative genomic sequencing to characterize Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome, typing, and drug resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0361523. [PMID: 38904371 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03615-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as macrolide antibiotic resistance through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics. Thirteen clinical strains isolated from 2003 to 2019 were selected, 10 of which were resistant to erythromycin (MIC >64 µg/mL), including 8 P1-type I and 2 P1-type II. Three were sensitive (<1 µg/mL) and P1-type II. One resistant strain had an A→G point mutation at position 2064 in region V of the 23S rRNA, the others had it at position 2063, while the three sensitive strains had no mutation here. Genome assembly and comparative genome analysis revealed a high level of genome consistency within the P1 type, and the primary differences in genome sequences concentrated in the region encoding the P1 protein. In P1-type II strains, three specific gene mutations were identified: C162A and A430G in L4 gene and T1112G mutation in the CARDS gene. Clinical information showed seven cases were diagnosed with severe pneumonia, all of which were infected with drug-resistant strains. Notably, BS610A4 and CYM219A1 exhibited a gene multi-copy phenomenon and shared a conserved functional domain with the DUF31 protein family. Clinically, the patients had severe refractory pneumonia, with pleural effusion, necessitating treatment with glucocorticoids and bronchoalveolar lavage. The primary variations between strains occur among different P1-types, while there is a high level of genomic consistency within P1-types. Three mutation loci associated with specific types were identified, and no specific genetic alterations directly related to clinical presentation were observed.IMPORTANCEMycoplasma pneumoniae is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, and macrolide resistance brings difficulties to clinical treatment. We analyzed the characteristics of M. pneumoniae as well as macrolide antibiotic resistance through whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics. The work addressed primary variations between strains that occur among different P1-types, while there is a high level of genomic consistency within P1-types. In P1-type II strains, three specific gene mutations were identified: C162A and A430G in L4 gene and T1112G mutation in the CARDS gene. All the strains isolated from severe pneumonia cases were drug-resistant, two of which exhibited a gene multi-copy phenomenon, sharing a conserved functional domain with the DUF31 protein family. Three mutation loci associated with specific types were identified, and no specific genetic alterations directly related to clinical presentation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Kang
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Dou
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxing Guo
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dong
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- National Genomics Data Center and CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Xin
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cai F, Li J, Liang W, Wang L, Ruan J. Effectiveness and safety of tetracyclines and quinolones in people with Mycoplasma pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102589. [PMID: 38596615 PMCID: PMC11001646 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The escalating resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to macrolides has become a significant global health concern, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although tetracyclines and quinolones have been proposed as alternative therapeutic options, concerns regarding age-specific safety issues and the lack of consensus in recommendations across various national guidelines prevail. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to ascertain the most efficacious interventions for second-line treatment of M. pneumoniae infection while considering the age-specific safety issues associated with these interventions. Methods In this systematic review and network meta-analysis we searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang Data, from inception up to November 11th, 2023. Studies of quinolones or tetracyclines for the treatment of people with M. pneumoniae infection were collected and screened by reading published reports, with any type of study included, and no individual patient-level data requested. A systematic review and direct meta-analysis compared the efficacy of tetracyclines and quinolones regarding time to defervescence (TTD) and the rates of fever disappearance within 24 h and 48 h of antibiotic administration, for managing M. pneumoniae infection. Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was employed to indirectly assess the relative effectiveness of different interventions in people with M. pneumoniae infection and the safety profile of medication in paediatric patients. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023478383. Findings The systematic review and direct meta-analysis included a total of 4 articles involving 246 patients, while the NMA encompassed 85 articles involving a substantial cohort of 7095 patients. The NMA measured the effectiveness across all ages and included 7043 patients, with a mean age of 37.80 ± 3.91 years. Of the 85 included studies, 14 (16.5%) were at low risk of bias, 71 (83.5%) were at moderate risk, and no studies were rated as having a high risk of bias. In the direct meta-analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between tetracyclines and quinolones concerning TTD (mean difference: -0.40, 95% CI: -1.43 to 0.63; I2 = 0%), fever disappearance rate within 24 h of antibiotic administration (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.08-1.79; I2 = 58%), and fever disappearance rate within 48 h of antibiotic administration (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.30-3.98; I2 = 59%). However, the comprehensive NMA analysis of clinical response (in 70 studies; n = 6143 patients), shortening of TTD (in 52 studies; n = 4363 patients), shortening length of cough relief or disappearance (in 39 studies; n = 3235 patients), fever disappearance rate at 48 h (in four studies; n = 418 patients) revealed that minocycline exhibited the most favourable outcomes across these various parameters, and the analysis of fever disappearance rate at 24 h (in three studies; n = 145 patients) revealed that levofloxacin may be the most effective, as indicated by the rank probabilities and surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) value. Moxifloxacin ranked second in clinical response and in shortening the length of cough relief or disappearance, and third in shortening TTD. Notably, when evaluating the occurrence of adverse reactions in paediatric patients (in four studies; n = 239 children), levofloxacin was associated with the highest SUCRA value rankings for the rate of adverse events. Interpretation Our findings suggest that tetracyclines and quinolones may be equally effective. Based on the age of participants in the included studies, minocycline may be the most effective intervention for children over eight years of age when all preventive measures are considered, whereas moxifloxacin may benefit people under eight years of age. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the limited number of studies and patients included, and the heterogeneity between included studies. Based on a limited number of studies in children, levofloxacin is likely to have one of the highest rates of adverse reactions. The majority of the studies included in the NMA were from the Asian region, and more randomised controlled trials comparing different therapeutic strategies in patients with M. pneumoniae are warranted. This comparative study provides clinical pharmacists and clinicians with important information to enable them to make informed decisions about treatment options, considering drug efficacy and safety. Funding The Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqing Cai
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weijie Liang
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junshan Ruan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Liu C, Wang R, Ge S, Wang B, Li S, Yan B. Research status and challenges of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2011 to 2023. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37521. [PMID: 38489686 PMCID: PMC10939570 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP infections among children in China, indicating a regional epidemiological trend that imposes an increased national public health burden. To date, bibliometric methods have not been applied to studies on MP infection in children. METHODS We searched for all relevant English publications on MP pneumonia in children published from 2011 to 2023 using Web of Science. Analytical software tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze the collected literature. RESULTS 993 articles on MP pneumonia in children were published in 338 academic journals by 5062 authors affiliated with 1381 institutions across 75 countries/regions. China led in global productivity with 56.19%. Among the top 10 prolific organizations, 8 were Chinese institutions, with Soochow University being the most active, followed by Capital Medical University and Zhejiang University. Zhimin Chen from Zhejiang University School of Medicine exhibited the highest H-index of 32. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed 7 highly relevant clusters. CONCLUSION The current research hotspots and frontiers in this field are primarily MP pneumonia, refractory MP pneumonia, lactate dehydrogenase, asthma, and biomarker. We anticipate that this work will provide novel insights for advancing scientific exploration and the clinical application of MP pneumonia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyi Ge
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binding Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siman Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bohua Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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8
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tang QN, Shi HB. Efficacy of doxycycline therapy for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children at different periods. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:38. [PMID: 38439015 PMCID: PMC10913651 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae has increased considerably. Treatment in children has become challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline therapy for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children at different periods. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia hospitalized between May 2019 to August 2022. According to treatment, patients were divided into three groups: oral doxycycline treatment alone (DOX group), changed from intravenous azithromycin to oral doxycycline (ATD group), and intravenous azithromycin treatment alone (AZI group). ATD group cases were separated into two sub-groups: intravenous azithromycin treatment<3 days (ATD1 group) and ≥ 3 days (ATD2 group). Clinical symptoms were compared in each group and adjusted by Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. RESULTS A total of 106 were recruited in this study. 17 (16%) were in DOX group, 58 (55%) in ATD group, and 31(29%) in AZI group. Compared with ATD group and AZI group, the DOX group showed shorter hospitalization duration and fever duration after treatment, while higher rate of chest radiographic improvement. After using PSM analysis, shorter days to hospitalization duration (P = 0.037) and to fever duration after treatment (P = 0.027) in DOX + ATD1 group than in ATD2 group was observed. A higher number of patients in the DOX + ATD1 group achieved defervescence within 72 h (P = 0.031), and fewer children received glucocorticoid adjuvant therapy (P = 0.002). No adverse reactions associated with doxycycline was observed during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Children receiving early oral doxycycline had a shorter duration of fever and hospitalization in macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Pediatric Department, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pediatric Department, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong-Ni Tang
- Pediatric Department, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Shi
- Pediatric Department, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Klose SM, Legione AR, Bushell RN, Browning GF, Vaz PK. Unveiling genome plasticity and a novel phage in Mycoplasma felis: Genomic investigations of four feline isolates. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001227. [PMID: 38546735 PMCID: PMC11004492 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma felis has been isolated from diseased cats and horses, but to date only a single fully assembled genome of this species, of an isolate from a horse, has been characterized. This study aimed to characterize and compare the completely assembled genomes of four clinical isolates of M. felis from three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short- and long-read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encoded a median of 759 ORFs (range 743-777) and had a median average nucleotide identity of 98.2 % with the genome of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer events and significant genome reassortment. This had resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid isolate genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felid M. felis isolate by genomic analysis and visualized using cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This study has highlighted the complex genomic dynamics in different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work will enable the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for the respiratory disease complex in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Klose
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Alistair R. Legione
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys N. Bushell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn F. Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paola K. Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Neujahr AC, Loy DS, Loy JD, Brodersen BW, Fernando SC. Rapid detection of high consequence and emerging viral pathogens in pigs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1341783. [PMID: 38384961 PMCID: PMC10879307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1341783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing emergence of novel animal pathogens has been observed over the last decade. Viruses are a major contributor to the increased emergence and therefore, veterinary surveillance and testing procedures are greatly needed to rapidly and accurately detect high-consequence animal diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Classical Swine Fever, and African Swine Fever. The major detection methods for such diseases include real-time PCR assays and pathogen-specific antibodies among others. However, due to genetic drift or -shift in virus genomes, failure to detect such pathogens is a risk with devastating consequences. Additionally, the emergence of novel pathogens with no prior knowledge requires non-biased detection methods for discovery. Methods Utilizing enrichment techniques coupled with Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION™ sequencing platform, we developed a sample processing and analysis pipeline to identify DNA and RNA viruses and bacterial pathogens from clinical samples. Results and discussion The sample processing and analysis pipeline developed allows the identification of both DNA and RNA viruses and bacterial pathogens simultaneously from a single tissue sample and provides results in less than 12 h. Preliminary evaluation of this method using surrogate viruses in different matrices and using clinical samples from animals with unknown disease causality, we demonstrate that this method can be used to simultaneously detect pathogens from multiple domains of life simultaneously with high confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Neujahr
- Department of Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Duan S. Loy
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John Dustin Loy
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Bruce W. Brodersen
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Samodha C. Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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11
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Bolluyt DC, Euser SM, Souverein D, van Rossum AM, Kalpoe J, van Westreenen M, Goeijenbier M, Snijders D, Eggink D, Jongenotter F, van Lelyveld SF, van Houten MA. Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and hospital admissions in the Netherlands, November to December 2023. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300724. [PMID: 38275014 PMCID: PMC10986650 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.4.2300724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and extra-pulmonary manifestations. We observed a rise in admissions due to M. pneumoniae infections starting October 2023 in a regional hospital in the Netherlands and an increased incidence in national surveillance data. The incidence in the Netherlands has not been that high since 2011. The patients had a lower median age compared with 2019 and 2020 (28 vs 40 years). M. pneumoniae should be considered in patients with respiratory symptoms, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita C Bolluyt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Euser
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Souverein
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jayant Kalpoe
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Erasmus MC University Medical centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic Snijders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Jongenotter
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Fl van Lelyveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
| | - Marlies A van Houten
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share authorship
- Department of Paediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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12
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Yan C, Xue GH, Zhao HQ, Feng YL, Cui JH, Yuan J. Current status of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in China. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:1-4. [PMID: 38185707 PMCID: PMC10827902 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yoshimoto K, Matsubara M, Kobayashi T, Nishio K. A Case of Mycoplasma Infection with an Atypical Presentation of Abducens Nerve Palsy, Erythema Multiforme and Polyarthritis without Respiratory Manifestations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:36. [PMID: 38256298 PMCID: PMC10818581 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a self-propagating microorganism that commonly causes respiratory tract infections. It can also cause a variety of extrapulmonary symptoms with or independently of respiratory symptoms, such as skin lesions, arthralgia, myalgia, hemolysis, cardiac lesions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and central nervous system lesions, which are rare manifestations reported in approximately 0.1% of cases. In this study, we present a unique case of Mycoplasma-related abducens nerve palsy, polyarthritis, and erythema multiforme without respiratory disease. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with a skin rash, fever, arthralgia, and diplopia without respiratory symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed optic neuritis on the right side, suggesting the diplopia was caused by right abducens nerve palsy. However, the etiologies of abducens nerve palsy were not revealed by the physical examination, blood biochemistry tests, or bacteriological examinations, including the cerebrospinal fluid examination obtained at admission. Mycoplasma infection was suspected from erythema multiforme revealed by a skin biopsy and polyarthralgia, and it was finally diagnosed according to elevated Mycoplasma particle agglutination (PA) antibodies in paired serum. Though minocycline did not improve her diplopia, the daily administration of 30 mg of prednisolone gradually improved her symptoms, and the Mycoplasma PA antibody titer, which was regularly measured in the clinical course, also decreased, suggesting a relationship between Mycoplasma infection and abducens nerve palsy. This is the first case of isolated abducens nerve palsy, which was reported as the only central neurological symptom in an adult patient with Mycoplasma infection. The mechanism or pathogenesis of CNS manifestations caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae remains to be elucidated, and further investigation is needed. Hence, Mycoplasma infection is a common disease. Clinicians should be aware of the diverse manifestations, including abducens nerve palsy, of Mycoplasma infection and should consider Mycoplasma infection even in the absence of typical respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Yoshimoto
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Masaki Matsubara
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Tadanao Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
- Department of General Medicine, Uda City Hospital, Uda 633-0298, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishio
- Department of General Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (M.M.); (T.K.); (K.N.)
- Department of General Medicine, Uda City Hospital, Uda 633-0298, Nara, Japan
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14
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Shin S, Koo S, Yang YJ, Lim HJ. Characteristics of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae Epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: Macrolide Resistance and Co-Infection Trends. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1623. [PMID: 37998825 PMCID: PMC10669541 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia, exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns recurring every three to five years. Several cases of co-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been reported globally, resulting in unfavorable clinical manifestations. This study investigated the epidemiological features of the recent M. pneumoniae outbreak (May 2019-April 2020) using retrospective data from the last five years. Molecular test data for macrolide resistance and co-infection were obtained from the Seegene Medical Foundation. National medical expenditure and hospitalization rates were analyzed using data from The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. The macrolide resistance rate was 69.67%, peaking at 71.30% during the epidemic period, which was considerably higher than the 60.89% rate during non-epidemic periods. The co-infection rate with other respiratory pathogens was 88.49%; macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains showed a 2.33% higher co-infection rate than the susceptible strains. The epidemic period had 15.43% higher hospitalization and 78.27% higher medical budget expenditure per patient than non-epidemic periods. The increased rates of macrolide resistance and co-infection observed in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae during the epidemic period highlight the importance of monitoring future outbreaks, especially considering macrolide resistance and the risk of co-infection with other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Shin
- Daejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunhoe Koo
- Daejeon & Chungcheong Reference Lab., Seegene Medical Foundation, Daejeon 35203, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Jin Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ho-Jae Lim
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.Y.); (H.-J.L.)
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15
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Dian D, Zhang W, Lu M, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Chen G, Chen Z, Yu L, Sun J. Clinical Efficacy of Ulinastatin Combined with Azithromycin in the Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children and the Effects on Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7165-7174. [PMID: 38023407 PMCID: PMC10640813 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ulinastatin (UTI) and azithromycin (AZM) combination therapy in treating severe pneumonia in children and its impact on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2021, involving pediatric patients diagnosed with severe mycoplasma pneumonia (SMPP). The pediatric patients were divided into two groups: those receiving UTI and AZM combination therapy (treatment group) and those receiving azithromycin alone (control group). We compared the two groups regarding clinical data, disease outcomes, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress levels. Results Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups. UTI, in combination with AZM, significantly improved blood oxygen levels, inflammatory infection markers, and relevant clinical symptoms in patients with SMPP on the 3rd day of treatment. Additionally, it significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, as well as oxidative stress markers GSH and SOD. Conclusion Combining UTI and AZM can rapidly alleviate clinical symptoms and effectively control the progression of patients with SMPP. Therefore, this treatment approach deserves consideration for clinical promotion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Dian
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjun Lu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhong
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Huang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiling Chen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangquan Chen
- Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luxin Yu
- Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 523000, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Chowdhury ZM, Jamal TB, Ahammad I, Bhattacharjee A, Lamisa AB, Jani JM, Israk MF, Hossain MU, Das KC, Keya CA, Salimullah M. Identification of repurposable drug targets in Mycoplasma pneumoniae using subtractive genomics, molecular docking and dynamics simulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21466. [PMID: 38034688 PMCID: PMC10682543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia, causing acute inflammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as extrapulmonary syndromes. In particular, the elderly and infants are at greater risk of developing severe, life-threatening pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae. Yet, the global increase in antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infection highlights the urgent need to explore novel drug targets. To this end, bioinformatics approaches, such as subtractive genomics, can be employed to identify specific metabolic pathways and essential proteins unique to the pathogen that could be potential targets for new drugs. In this study, we implemented a subtractive genomics approach to identify 61 metabolic pathways and 42 essential proteins that are unique to M. pneumoniae. A subsequent screening in the DrugBank database revealed three druggable proteins with similarity to FDA-approved small-molecule drugs, and finally, the compound CHEBI:97093 was identified as a promising novel putative drug target. These findings can provide crucial insights for the development of highly effective drugs that selectively inhibit the pathogen-specific metabolic pathways, leading to better management and treatment of M. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Tabassum Binte Jamal
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Arittra Bhattacharjee
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Bushra Lamisa
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Maoa Jani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fahim Israk
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Keshob Chandra Das
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Chaman Ara Keya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
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17
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Ma J, Guo P, Mei S, Li M, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Shen A, Sun H, Li L. Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among hospitalized children in Henan, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22213. [PMID: 38106667 PMCID: PMC10722323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing reports have indicated that non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic may also have an effect on the prevalence of other pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important atypical pathogen prevalent in children with high rates of macrolide resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this study, M. pneumoniae detection results were extracted from Henan Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. The epidemiological characteristics of pediatric M. pneumoniae infection were analyzed. Results We found that the highest positive rate of M. pneumoniae infection was 11.00 % in 2018, 14.01 % in 2019, followed by 11.24 % in 2021 and 8.75 % in 2020 (p < 0.001). Most tested children had respiratory system manifestations, and pneumoniae was the most common diagnosis (53.23 %). An increase in the number of positive cases was observed with an increase in age, with a higher number of cases among children over 6 years old. No positive cases were identified among children aged 1-28 days. The decrease in the positive rate among children aged between1-6 years old in 2020 and 2021 was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The pre-pandemic period demonstrated a higher incidence rate in the fall, whereas the summers and winters exhibited a significantly higher positive rate during the pandemic period (p < 0.001). Different regions in Henan also showed different epidemic patterns. Conclusions In summary, strict pandemic measures influenced the spread of M. pneumoniae to some extent and changed demographic characteristics, including age, season and regional distribution. Continuous monitoring is required for the control and prevention of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Mei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Adong Shen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Zhang Z, Dou H, Yuan Q, Shi D, Wan R, Tu P, Xin D, Guo S. Proteomic and Phenotypic Studies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Revealed Macrolide-Resistant Mutation (A2063G) Associated Changes in Protein Composition and Pathogenicity of Type I Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0461322. [PMID: 37378520 PMCID: PMC10434051 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04613-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important respiratory pathogen, the prevalence of macrolide-resistant MP (mainly containing A2063G mutation in 23S rRNA) increased in recent years. Epidemiological studies suggest a higher prevalence of type I resistant (IR) strains than corresponding sensitive (IS/IIS) strains, but not type II resistant (IIR) strains. Here, we aimed to analyze the factors underlying the altered prevalence of IR strains. First, proteomic analyses exhibit the protein compositions were type specific, while more differential proteins were detected between IS and IR (227) than IIS and IIR strains (81). mRNA level detection suggested posttranscriptional regulation of these differential proteins. Differential protein-related phenotypic changes were also detected: (i) P1 abundance was different between genotypes (I < II, IR < IS), the adhesion of MPs showed accordance to P1 abundance within IS and IIS strains; (ii) type I, especially IR, strains had a higher proliferation rate, which is potentially associated with differential proteins participating in glycolysis and one carbon pool metabolisms; (iii) A549 cells infected with IR strains had lower activity of caspase-3 and higher levels IL-8, but the differences were not significant between groups (P > 0.05). Correlations of P1 abundance to caspase-3 activity and proliferation rate to the level of IL-8 were obtained. These results suggest changes in protein composition influenced the pathogenicity of MP, especially in IR strains, which may impact the prevalence of MP strains of different genotypes. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of macrolide-resistant MPs increased the difficulty in treatment of MP infections and posed potential threats to children's health. Epidemiological studies showed a high prevalence of IR-resistant strains (mainly A2063G in 23S rRNA) in these years. However, the trigger mechanisms for this phenomenon are not clear. In this paper, proteomic and phenotypic studies suggest that IR strains have reduced levels of multiple adhesion proteins and increased proliferation rate, which may lead to higher transmission rate of IR strains in the population. This suggests that we should pay attention to the prevalence of IR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiwei Dou
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Shi
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Wan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deli Xin
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilong Guo
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Fan G, Guo Y, Tang F, Chen M, Liao S, Wang J. Determining the Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Strategies, and Prognostic Factors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Encephalitis in Children: A Multicenter Study in China. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:402-409. [PMID: 37417436 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most of the knowledge of Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumoniae) encephalitis (MPE) in children is based on case reports or small case series. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and prognostic factors of MPE, and the efficacy of azithromycin with or without immunomodulatory therapy. METHODS The medical data of 87 patients with MPE from 3 medical centers in southwestern China over a 7-year period were reviewed. RESULTS MPE was found in children of all ages except for neonates. The most common neurological manifestations included consciousness disturbance (90%) and headache (87.4%), the most common extraneurological manifestations included fever (96.5%) and respiratory system involvement (94.3%); multisystem involvement (98.2%) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (90.8%) were also prominent. M. pneumoniae was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) less often than in blood and respiratory tract secretions. Azithromycin with intravenous immunoglobulin or/and corticosteroid treatment can shorten the hospitalization duration and the clinical improvement process. Most patients (82.8%) received a favorable prognosis; serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CSF protein levels were higher in the poor-outcome group than in the good-outcome group (p<0.05). Neurological sequelae are likely to continue when the onset of this condition occurs during teenage years. CONCLUSIONS MPE generally presented with nonspecific clinical manifestations. In children with acute encephalitis accompanied by multi-system involvement and prominently elevated CRP, M. pneumoniae should be considered as a possible pathogen. Immunomodulating therapies should be recommended regardless of the duration of the prodromal period. High CSF protein level, blood LDH elevation, and higher age may be associated with an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Fan
- Department of General Pediatrics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fujie Tang
- Chongqing Fuling District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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20
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Kenri T, Yamazaki T, Ohya H, Jinnai M, Oda Y, Asai S, Sato R, Ishiguro N, Oishi T, Horino A, Fujii H, Hashimoto T, Nakajima H, Shibayama K. Genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains isolated in Japan during 2019 and 2020: spread of p1 gene type 2c and 2j variant strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1202357. [PMID: 37405159 PMCID: PMC10316025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1202357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized 118 Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains isolated from three areas of Japan (Saitama, Kanagawa, and Osaka) during the period of 2019 and 2020. Genotyping of the p1 gene in these strains revealed that 29 of them were type 1 lineage (29/118, 24.6%), while 89 were type 2 lineage (89/118, 75.4%), thereby indicating that type 2 lineage was dominant in this period. The most prevalent variant of type 2 lineage was type 2c (57/89, 64%), while the second-most was type 2j, a novel variant identified in this study (30/89, 33.7%). Type 2j p1 is similar to type 2 g p1, but cannot be distinguished from reference type 2 (classical type 2) using the standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) with HaeIII digestion. Thus, we used MboI digestion in the PCR-RFLP analysis and re-examined the data from previous genotyping studies as well. This revealed that most strains reported as classical type 2 after 2010 in our studies were actually type 2j. The revised genotyping data showed that the type 2c and 2j strains have been spreading in recent years and were the most prevalent variants in Japan during the time-period of 2019 and 2020. We also analyzed the macrolide-resistance (MR) mutations in the 118 strains. MR mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were detected in 29 of these strains (29/118, 24.6%). The MR rate of type 1 lineage (14/29, 48.3%) was still higher than that of type 2 lineage (15/89, 16.9%); however, the MR rate of type 1 lineage was lower than that found in previous reports published in the 2010s, while that of type 2 lineage strains was slightly higher. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of the p1 genotype and MR rate of M. pneumoniae clinical strains, to better understand the epidemiology and variant evolution of this pathogen, although M. pneumoniae pneumonia cases have decreased significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Ohya
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michio Jinnai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Rikako Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishiguro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Horino
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Okayama Prefectural Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Wang N, Xu X, Xiao L, Liu Y. Novel mechanisms of macrolide resistance revealed by in vitro selection and genome analysis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1186017. [PMID: 37284499 PMCID: PMC10240068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and other age groups. Macrolides are the recommended treatments of choice for M. pneumoniae infections. However, macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae is increasing worldwide, which complicates the treatment strategies. The mechanisms of macrolide resistance have been extensively studied focusing on the mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins. Since the secondary treatment choice for pediatric patients is very limited, we decided to look for potential new treatment strategies in macrolide drugs and investigate possible new mechanisms of resistance. We performed an in vitro selection of mutants resistant to five macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, and midecamycin) by inducing the parent M. pneumoniae strain M129 with increasing concentrations of the drugs. The evolving cultures in every passage were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities to eight drugs and mutations known to be associated with macrolide resistance by PCR and sequencing. The final selected mutants were also analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Results showed that roxithromycin is the drug that most easily induces resistance (at 0.25 mg/L, with two passages, 23 days), while with midecamycin it is most difficult (at 5.12 mg/L, with seven passages, 87 days). Point mutations C2617A/T, A2063G, or A2064C in domain V of 23S rRNA were detected in mutants resistant to the 14- and 15-membered macrolides, while A2067G/C was selected for the 16-membered macrolides. Single amino acid changes (G72R, G72V) in ribosomal protein L4 emerged during the induction by midecamycin. Genome sequencing identified sequence variations in dnaK, rpoC, glpK, MPN449, and in one of the hsdS (MPN365) genes in the mutants. Mutants induced by the 14- or 15-membered macrolides were resistant to all macrolides, while those induced by the 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin and josamycin) remained susceptible to the 14- and 15-membered macrolides. In summary, these data demonstrated that midecamycin is less potent in inducing resistance than other macrolides, and the induced resistance is restrained to the 16-membered macrolides, suggesting a potential benefit of using midecamycin as a first treatment choice if the strain is susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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22
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Blakiston MR, Vesty A, Basu I. Macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Auckland, New Zealand. Pathology 2023; 55:399-400. [PMID: 36085087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Vesty
- LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Indira Basu
- LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Parnham MJ, Norris V, Kricker JA, Gudjonsson T, Page CP. Prospects for macrolide therapy of asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:83-110. [PMID: 37524493 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide compounds, many of which are derived from natural sources, all share a lactone ring structure, but of varying sizes. Their biological activities differ with structure and size but tend to overlap. Marketed macrolide drugs include immunosuppressives and antibiotics. Some of the latter have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activities, due to direct effects on inflammatory cells and processes when used for respiratory infections. Consequently, azithromycin is included in clinical guidelines for COPD and asthma treatment, though it has the disadvantage, as an antibiotic, of increasing bacterial resistance. COPD and asthma, however, like several chronic inflammatory diseases involving other organs, are driven to a large extent by epithelial barrier dysfunction. Recently, azithromycin was shown to directly enhance epithelial barrier function and a new class of derivatives, barriolides, is under development with the lead indication COPD. It is thus likely that by circumventing antibiosis and acting on a crucial etiological disease process, this type of agent will open up a new, safer approach to COPD and asthma therapy with macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Parnham
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | - Jennifer A Kricker
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Clive P Page
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Mohan N, Sawant VD, Kondekar A. Cavitatory necrotising pneumonia with extrapulmonary multi-systemic involvement — a rare presentation of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-023-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of community-acquired pneumonia. Due to its microbiological variation, clinical presentations of mycoplasma infections are atypical and diverse. Multiple pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been documented. Among pulmonary, common manifestations are fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, etc. Necrotising pneumonia leading to cavitation as a manifestation is rather an uncommon presentation.
Case presentation
We are reporting a rare case of a 5-year-old female child who presented with bilateral haemorrhagic pleural effusion and necrotising pneumonia with cavitation along with extrapulmonary manifestation in the form of maculo-papular rash, Coombs-positive haemolytic anaemia and serositis. The child was started on azithromycin and symptomatic management, but she did not respond to it; she had clinical worsening and evidence of radiological necrotising pneumonia. The child was treated as macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia with levofloxacin, steroids and rigorous physiotherapy.
Conclusions
Accurate clinical acumen along with timely radiological imaging is the need of the hour for early diagnosis of macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia (MRMP). This case also emphasises role of fluoroquinolones and steroids in treatment of macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia.
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25
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Edelstein IA, Ivanova OV, Romashov OI, Kozlov RS. Course of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Young People Treated at the Military Hospital of Smolensk Garrison with Detected Mycoplasma pneumoniae Carrying a Macrolide-Resistant Mutation in 23S rRNA Gene. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010103. [PMID: 36678451 PMCID: PMC9866407 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of macrolide-resistant mutations in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA gene on the severity of lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent young adults treated at the Smolensk Military Hospital between 25 October 2017, and 17 November 2021. All analyzed cases represented a non-severe infection of the lower respiratory tract: 44 case histories with community-acquired pneumonia and 20 cases with acute bronchitis. The presence of mutations in the gene 23S rRNA of M. pneumoniae was determined with standard Sanger sequencing. The macrolide-resistant genotype was found in 4/44 (9.1%) of the samples of the patients with pneumonia and in 3/20 (15%) of the samples of the patients with acute bronchitis. The analyzed cases with identified M. pneumoniae carrying a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene did not show any differences in the clinical presentation in terms of disease severity caused by M. pneumoniae with the wild-type (WT) phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Alexandrovna Edelstein
- Laboratory Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Smolensk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Smolensk 214019, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(4812)-45-06-02
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Ivanova
- Pulmonology Department, Brach No 4 of FSGI «1586 MCH» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Smolensk 214012, Russia
| | - Oleg Igorevich Romashov
- Pulmonology Department, Brach No 4 of FSGI «1586 MCH» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Smolensk 214012, Russia
| | - Roman Sergeevich Kozlov
- Laboratory Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Smolensk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Smolensk 214019, Russia
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26
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R. Opportunistic etiological agents causing lung infections: emerging need to transform lung-targeted delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12620. [PMID: 36619445 PMCID: PMC9816992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases continue to draw considerable attention from biomedical and public health care agencies. The lung with the largest epithelial surface area is continuously exposed to the external environment during exchanging gas. Therefore, the chances of respiratory disorders and lung infections are overgrowing. This review has covered promising and opportunistic etiologic agents responsible for lung infections. These pathogens infect the lungs either directly or indirectly. However, it is difficult to intervene in lung diseases using available oral or parenteral antimicrobial formulations. Many pieces of research have been done in the last two decades to improve inhalable antimicrobial formulations. However, very few have been approved for human use. This review article discusses the approved inhalable antimicrobial agents (AMAs) and identifies why pulmonary delivery is explored. Additionally, the basic anatomy of the respiratory system linked with barriers to AMA delivery has been discussed here. This review opens several new scopes for researchers to work on pulmonary medicines for specific diseases and bring more respiratory medication to market.
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27
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Xie Q, Zhang X, Cui W, Pang Y. Construction of a Nomogram for Identifying Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Among Macrolide-Unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6495-6504. [PMID: 36474517 PMCID: PMC9719700 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s387809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The individualized prediction of treatment regimens of macrolide-unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MUMPP) is scarce. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the relevant data of patients and construct a nomogram for identifying refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) among children continued to be treated with macrolide after the confirmation of MUMPP, providing a reference for the choice of treatment regimen. METHODS We performed a retrospective study involving 162 children who continued to be treated with macrolide (azithromycin) after the confirmation of MUMPP without antibiotic changes between January 2020 and January 2022. We collected data on clinical feature, hospitalization period, treatments, laboratory data, extrapulmonary symptoms, parapneumonic effusion, and connections with other respiratory pathogens. In addition, the independent risk factors for RMPP were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses, and then a nomogram was constructed and validated. RESULTS In this study, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, leukocyte count, neutrophil proportion, serum procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase were independent risk factors for RMPP. Using the five independent associated factors, the nomogram for identification of RMPP was constructed. Moreover, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.925 (95% CI: 0.882-0.968) for the nomogram showing excellent discrimination. The calibration curve, close to the 45-degree line, exhibited good calibration of nomogram. CONCLUSION We constructed and validated a visual and user-friendly nomogram for individualized prediction of RMPP risk in children who continued to be treated with macrolide after the confirmation of MUMPP based on five variables. According to the nomogram model, continuation of macrolide should be considered rather than second-line antibiotics including tetracyclines (doxycycline or minocycline) and fluoroquinolones for MUMPP children with low predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaote Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajiao Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Kim Y, Jeon Y, Kwon KT, Bae S, Hwang S, Chang HH, Kim SW, Lee WK, Yang KH, Shin JH, Shim EK. Beta-Lactam Plus Macrolide for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Difference Between Autumn and Spring. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e324. [PMID: 36413797 PMCID: PMC9678659 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 Korean guideline on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) recommended beta-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy for patients hospitalized with severe pneumonia, and beta-lactam monotherapy for mild-to-moderate pneumonia. However, antibiotic treatment regimen for mild-to-moderate CAP has never been evaluated for Korean patients. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, study patients were selected from three evaluation periods (October 1 to December 31, 2014; April 1 to June 30, 2016; October 1 to December 31, 2017) of the National Quality Assessment Program for CAP management and the National Health Insurance data on the selected patients was extracted from 1 year before the first patient enrollment and 1 year after the last patient enrollment at each evaluation period for the analysis of risk adjustment and outcomes. The survival rates between beta-lactam plus macrolide (BM) groups and beta-lactam monotherapy (B) were compared using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis after propensity score matching by age, gender, confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure at age of 65 years or older (CURB-65), and Charlson comorbidity index for risk adjustment. The differences between autumn and spring season were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30,053 patients were enrolled. Mean age and the male-to-female ratio were 64.7 ± 18.4 and 14,197:15,856, respectively. After matching, 2,397 patients in each group were analyzed. The 30-day survival rates did not differ between the BM and B groups (97.3% vs. 96.5%, P = 0.081). In patients with CURB-65 ≥ 2, the 30-day survival rate was higher in the BM than in the B group (93.7% vs. 91.0%, P = 0.044). Among patients with CURB-65 ≥ 2, the 30-day survival rate was higher in the BM than in the B group (93.3% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.009) during autumn season, which was not observed during spring (94.2% vs. 94.1%, P = 0.986). CONCLUSION Beta-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy shows potential as an empirical therapy for CAP with CURB-65 ≥ 2, especially in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yena Jeon
- Department of Statistics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Sohyun Bae
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoon Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwa Yang
- Quality Assessment Department, HIRA (Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service), Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Shin
- Quality Assessment Department, HIRA (Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service), Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Shim
- Quality Assessment Department, HIRA (Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service), Wonju, Korea
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Hakami AY, Felemban LH, Aljifri NA, Alyamani GM, Abosallamh KA, Aljohani RA, Aldosary T, Basheikh A. Antibacterial Resistance Patterns Among Common Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e31695. [PMID: 36415476 PMCID: PMC9676098 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria threatens the control of infectious diseases by reducing treatment effectiveness, prolonging illness duration, and increasing healthcare costs. This study aimed to identify the common rate of bacterial resistance against antibacterial agents in tertiary healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from May 2016 to December 2019 on 1,151 urinary tract infection (UTI) and respiratory tract infection (RTI) positive cultures collected from participants aged 15 years or older who received antibiotic treatment. The obtained variables included age, gender, diagnosis, antibiotic type, specimen source, culture results, and sensitivity test results. Results The most common bacteria in UTI were Escherichiacoli (46.7%), followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae (30.5%). Moreover, E.coli was most resistant to ampicillin (56.4%), followed by ceftriaxone (33.8%). Among the respiratory cultures, the most frequently isolated pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.5%), followed by K. pneumoniae (17.6%). The 162 respiratory P. aeruginosa isolates were most resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam (51.9%), followed by ciprofloxacin (25%) and ampicillin (10.6%). Conclusion High levels of antibiotic resistance were observed in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This indicates a need for better implementation of antibacterial stewardship and increased awareness of appropriate antibiotic use to limit the rapid spread of antibacterial resistance.
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30
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Lee E, Choi I. Clinical Usefulness of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:1003-1009. [PMID: 35665905 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the clinical usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia and identify cut-off levels in various clinical conditions. METHODS The study was retrospectively performed in 145 children who were hospitalized with MP pneumonia. Laboratory findings, including LDH levels at admission and clinical features were retrospectively reviewed from patients' electronic medical records. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 5.9 y, and the mean value of LDH was 809.7 U/L. Poor response to treatment for MP pneumonia, respiratory virus coinfection, severe MP pneumonia, development of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) after MP pneumonia, pleural effusion, and oxygen need during illness were significantly associated with serum LDH levels. The cutoff levels of LDH for predicting poor response to treatment for MP pneumonia and respiratory virus coinfection were 1058 U/L [area under the curve (AUC), 0.729] and 803 U/L (AUC, 0.682), respectively. Those for pneumonic lesions involving at least one-third of the total lung volume, prediction of PIBO development, and extrapulmonary manifestations were 1098 U/L (AUC, 0.715), 676 U/L (AUC, 0.714), and 859 U/L (AUC, 0.710), respectively. The cutoff levels for pleural effusion during illness and for the prediction of oxygen need were 894 U/L (AUC, 0.699) and 1114 U/L (AUC, 0.771), respectively. CONCLUSION LDH levels are elevated in diverse clinical conditions in children with MP pneumonia and may be useful in the identification of severe clinical courses of MP pneumonia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Insu Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
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Álvaro Varela AI, Aguinaga Pérez A, Navascués Ortega A, Castilla J, Ezpeleta Baquedano C. Clinical characteristics of patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:449-452. [PMID: 36154990 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS A retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute infections by M. pneumoniae confirmed by PCR was carried out in the Navarra Health Service (Spain) in 2014-2018. RESULTS M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed in 9.5% of analyzed patients. Among 123 confirmed cases, 65% were 5-14 years old, 21.1% <5 years old, and 13.8% were ≥14 years old. Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed in 83.7% of cases, and 22.0% presented extra-respiratory manifestations. A total of 44.7% of cases required hospitalization. Bilateral pneumonia, asthmatic crisis and extra-respiratory manifestations were associated to higher risk of hospitalization (81.3, 72.2 and 66.7%, respectively). Microbiological targeted treatment was monotherapy with macrolides in 60.2% of cases and combined with other antibiotics in 13.0%. CONCLUSION M. pneumoniae was the cause of acute respiratory infection affecting mainly to children younger than 14 years old and frequently required hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitziber Aguinaga Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués Ortega
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER, Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta Baquedano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Características clínicas de pacientes con infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Macrolide versus Non-Macrolide in Combination with Steroids for the Treatment of Lobar or Segmental Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Unresponsive to Initial Macrolide Monotherapy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091233. [PMID: 36140012 PMCID: PMC9495205 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) has been increasing in proportion. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of children with lobar or segmental MP pneumonia unresponsive to the initial 3−5-day macrolide therapy, who then switched to either a non-macrolide, macrolide + steroid, or a non-macrolide + steroid regimen, according to the 2019 KSPID and KAPARD guideline during the 2019−2020 Mycoplasma epidemic in South Korea. A total of 190 patients <18 years old were admitted during the study period for MP lobar or segmental pneumonia, and 16.8% (n = 32/190) were responsive to the initial macrolide monotherapy, whereas 83.2% (158/190) were refractory. The median age of the patients was 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 5−9) years old and 46.2% (n = 73/158) were male. The overall treatment success rates of non-macrolide, macrolide + steroid, and non-macrolide + steroid groups were 46.2%, 80.8%, and 100.0%, respectively. Patients in the non-macrolide + steroid group had the shortest fever duration after a regimen change of 1 (IQR, 0−3) day compared with patients in the non-macrolide group and macrolide + steroid group; 2 (IQR, 1−4) days and 2 (IQR, 1−3.3) days (p = 0.004), respectively. Follow-up CRP (ß, 0.169; CI, 0.050−0.287; p = 0.006), macrolide + steroid therapy (ß, −1.694; CI, −2.463−−0.925; p < 0.001), and non-macrolide+ steroid therapy (ß, −2.224; CI, −3.321−−1.127; p < 0.001) were shown to be significantly associated with the duration of fever after admission. To conclude, in patients with severe MP pneumonia that failed to respond to the initial macrolide therapy, a non-macrolide + steroid had the highest treatment success rate and a shorter duration of fever.
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Li L, Ma J, Guo P, Song X, Li M, Yu Z, Yu Z, Cheng P, Sun H, Zhang W. Molecular beacon based real-time PCR p1 gene genotyping, macrolide resistance mutation detection and clinical characteristics analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:724. [PMID: 36068499 PMCID: PMC9447981 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be divided into different subtypes on the basis of the sequence differences of adhesive protein P1, but the relationship between different subtypes, macrolide resistance and clinical manifestations are still unclear. In the present study, we established a molecular beacon based real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) p1 gene genotyping method, analyzed the macrolide resistance gene mutations and the relationship of clinical characteristics with the genotypes. Methods A molecular beacon based real-time PCR p1 gene genotyping method was established, the mutation sites of macrolide resistance genes were analyzed by PCR and sequenced, and the relationship of clinical characteristics with the genotypes was analyzed. Results The detection limit was 1–100 copies/reaction. No cross-reactivity was observed in the two subtypes. In total, samples from 100 patients with positive M. pneumoniae detection results in 2019 and 2021 were genotyped using the beacon based real-time PCR method and P1-1 M. pneumoniae accounted for 69.0%. All the patients had the A2063G mutation in the macrolide resistance related 23S rRNA gene. Novel mutations were also found, which were C2622T, C2150A, C2202G and C2443A mutations. The relationship between p1 gene genotyping and the clinical characteristics were not statistically related. Conclusion A rapid and easy clinical application molecular beacon based real-time PCR genotyping method targeting the p1 gene was established. A shift from type 1 to type 2 was found and 100.0% macrolide resistance was detected. Our study provided an efficient method for genotyping M. pneumoniae, valuable epidemiological monitoring information and clinical treatment guidance to control high macrolide resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07715-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengyuan Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sreenath K, Kabra SK, Dey AB, Chandolia A, Sagar T, Singh V, Ghimire JJ, Guleria R, Chaudhry R. Mycoplasma pneumoniae among Hospitalized Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital: an Underreported Health Problem. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0158922. [PMID: 35867428 PMCID: PMC9430479 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01589-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is poorly understood in India. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of Mp in a large set of patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) in an Indian tertiary hospital. During 2015-2020, we tested throat swab specimens from patients with the clinical diagnosis of ARI (n = 1,098) by a real-time PCR and compared the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data of Mp-positive and Mp-negative patients. During the study period, 5% (55/1,098) of the tested samples were positive for Mp by PCR. School-aged children and young adults represented 36% (20/55) of the cases and 47.3% (26/55) of the cases were registered during the summer and monsoon. Among the Mp-positive patients, 61.8% (34/55) had underlying conditions; the most common were malignancy (n = 12; 21.8%) and hypertension (n = 6; 10.9%). Fever (98.2% versus 84.9%; P = 0.006), and pharyngitis (27.3% versus 16.3%; P = 0.034) were significantly common in the Mp-positive group than Mp-negative group. Among the Mp-positive group, 20% (11/55) of patients were admitted to an intensive care unit and a total of 7/55 (12.7%) patients received ventilatory support. The mortality in the Mp-positive cohort was 13.3%. The study provides baseline data regarding Mp prevalence and clinical characteristics. The application of molecular assays for diagnosing this pathogen among hospitalized patients with ARI could reduce inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment and improve patient outcomes. Further large-scale studies are required to avoid the underdiagnosis of Mp infections in India and such studies should address some research gaps, such as macrolide resistance and molecular typing. IMPORTANCE M. pneumoniae (Mp) is a significant pathogen causing atypical pneumonia but by far these infections are underreported clinical entities in India. In the present study, we report the prevalence of Mp and describe the demographic and baseline clinical data of Mp-positive cases in an Indian tertiary care hospital. Our study may improve the clinician's awareness of this important agent of respiratory infection therefore timely and accurate diagnostic tools can be applied for patient management decisions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sreenath
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. B. Dey
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Chandolia
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanu Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagat Jeevan Ghimire
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081021. [PMID: 36009890 PMCID: PMC9404793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) is a highly contagious avian pathogen responsible for significant economic losses for the poultry industry. In some circumstances, antimicrobial treatment is useful to contain clinical signs of Mg infection in birds. However, antimicrobial resistance emergence is now common among animal pathogens, becoming a worldwide health concern. The collection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data is fundamental for an appropriate antimicrobial use and for fighting antimicrobial resistance emergence. However, MIC data can only be generated in specialized laboratories, and therefore they are not regularly available. MICs of 67 non-vaccine-derived Mg isolates collected in Italy between 2010 and 2020 were obtained. Although 79.1% of the Mg isolates showed enrofloxacin MICs ≥ 8 µg/mL, a statistically significant trend toward low MICs of erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, spiramycin, tiamulin, and lincomycin was observed, indicating a comeback to susceptibility of Mg toward these drugs. Doxycycline proved to be slightly more effective than oxytetracycline. The present study shows that Mg changed its susceptibility toward many of the drugs most commonly used for its containment over a ten-year period.
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Vaccination with Mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane lipoproteins induces IL-17A driven neutrophilia that mediates Vaccine-Enhanced Disease. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:86. [PMID: 35906257 PMCID: PMC9336141 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are an often-underappreciated class of microbe-associated molecular patterns with potent immunomodulatory activity. We previously reported that vaccination of BALB/c mice with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) resulted in lipoprotein-dependent vaccine enhanced disease after challenge with virulent Mp, though the immune responses underpinning this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that lipoprotein-induced VED in a mouse model is associated with elevated inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and KC in lung lavage fluid and with suppurative pneumonia marked by exuberant neutrophilia in the pulmonary parenchyma. Whole-lung-digest flow cytometry and RNAScope analysis identified multiple cellular sources for IL-17A, and the numbers of IL-17A producing cells were increased in LAMPs-vaccinated/Mp-challenged animals compared to controls. Specific IL-17A or neutrophil depletion reduced disease severity in our VED model—indicating that Mp lipoproteins induce VED in an IL-17A-dependent manner and through exuberant neutrophil recruitment. IL-17A neutralization reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and KC, indicating that IL-17A preceded other inflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, we found that IL-17A neutralization impaired bacterial clearance, while neutrophil depletion improved it—indicating that, while IL-17A appears to confer both maladaptive and protective responses, neutrophils play an entirely maladaptive role in VED. Given that lipoproteins are found in virtually all bacteria, the potential for lipoprotein-mediated maladaptive inflammatory responses should be taken into consideration when developing vaccines against bacterial pathogens.
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Liu XP, Lv W, Zhao F, Ding J, Zhang JR, Xue F, Zhang JZ, Liu LY, Cushman M, Li Y, Liang JH. Design and synthesis of novel macrolones bridged with linkers from 11,12-positions of macrolides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 68:128761. [PMID: 35483593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to telithromycin and off-target effects associated with the metabolic instability present serious and challenging problems for the development of novel macrolides. Herein, studies of hybrids of macrolides and quinolones (termed macrolones) bridged with linkers from 11,12-cyclic carbamate of macrolides revealed different structure-activity relationships from the previously reported macrolones bridged with linkers derived from 6-, 9- and 4''-positions of macrolides. The optimized macrolone 34 g with a longer and rigid sidechain than telithromycin had improved metabolic stability compared to telithromycin (t1/2: 110 vs 32 min), whose future has been heavily clouded by metabolic issues. Moreover, 34 g was 38-fold more potent than telithromycin against A2058/2059-mutated Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8 vs 315 μM), which may be attributed to a novel mode of action between the carboxylic acid of quinolone moiety and the bacterial ribosome. This work increases the prospect for discovery of novel and safe antibacterial agents to combat serious human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jue-Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Yong Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China.
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Kim K, Jung S, Kim M, Park S, Yang HJ, Lee E. Global Trends in the Proportion of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2220949. [PMID: 35816304 PMCID: PMC9274321 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.20949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The proportion of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) infections has changed, and it differs according to geographical region. OBJECTIVE To analyze the global patterns, including the temporal trends, regional variations, and variant types, in the proportion of MRMP infections in this systematic review and meta-anaysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for observational studies from inception to September 10, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies reporting the proportion of MRMP infections were screened independently by 2 authors. The presence of MRMP infection was defined as any case of M pneumoniae infection positive for any variants associated with macrolide resistance identified using respiratory samples. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by 2 reviewers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate the proportion of MRMP infections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The global patterns in the proportion of MRMP infections were estimated, and the temporal trends and variant types of MRMP infection with regional differences were investigated. RESULTS This study included 153 studies from 150 articles (27 408 samples in 26 countries) in the meta-analysis. The global patterns in the proportion of MRMP infections showed an increasing trend with regional differences. The proportion of MRMP infections was highest in the Western Pacific regions (53.4%; 95% CI, 47.4%-60.3%), followed by the South East Asian region (9.8%; 95% CI, 0.8%-100%), the region of the Americas (8.4%; 95% CI, 6.1%-11.6%), and the European region (5.1%; 95% CI, 3.3%-8.0%). The most commonly identified variant of MRMP infection was A2063G (96.8%; 95% CI, 95.8%-97.7%), followed by A2064G (4.8%; 95% CI, 3.5%-6.7%). The proportion of MRMP infections was the highest in studies including only children (37.0%; 95% CI, 29.8%-46.1%), followed by those including only adults (15.9%; 95% CI, 6.4%-39.7%) and those including both children and adults (16.7%; 95% CI, 10.1%-27.6%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides global trends in the proportion of MRMP infections and suggests that strategies to prevent the spread of MRMP infection and to treat MRMP infections are needed to decrease disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Choo S, Lee YY, Lee E. Clinical significance of respiratory virus coinfection in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:212. [PMID: 35637540 PMCID: PMC9150047 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia has been increasing. However, few studies have investigated the impact of respiratory virus coinfection in patients with MP pneumonia, and their results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia. METHODS This study enrolled 145 children hospitalized with MP pneumonia between May 2019 and March 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the respiratory virus coinfection and non-coinfection groups. All the children underwent polymerase chain reaction testing for respiratory virus infection. Information on clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings were obtained retrospectively via medical chart reviews. RESULTS Children in the respiratory virus coinfection group were younger than those in the non-coinfection group. Respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia was significantly associated with persistence of fever more than 6 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.394; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.172-4.892), severe pneumonia (aOR, 4.602; 95% CI, 1.154-18.353), and poor response to the stepwise approach for MP pneumonia (aOR, 4.354; 95% CI, 1.374-13.800). In addition, higher levels of liver enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase at admission were associated with respiratory virus coinfection in children with MP pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that respiratory virus coinfection in children hospitalized with MP pneumonia may be associated with refractory MP pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Choo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102824. [PMID: 35628949 PMCID: PMC9144103 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) is a severe state of M. pneumoniae infection that has attracted increasing universal attention in recent years. The pathogenesis of RMPP remains unknown, but the excessive host immune responses as well as macrolide resistance of M. pneumoniae might play important roles in the development of RMPP. To improve the prognosis of RMPP, it is mandatory to recognize RMPP in the early stages, and the detection of macrolide-resistant MP, clinical unresponsiveness to macrolides and elevated proinflammatory cytokines might be clues. Timely and effective anti-mycoplasmal therapy and immunomodulating therapy are the main strategies for RMPP.
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Kim CH, Lee J. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pleural Effusion in Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051281. [PMID: 35268372 PMCID: PMC8911427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parapneumonic effusions often complicate Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia, contrary to the notion that they are a rare feature of MP infection. Increased research and evidence on MP parapneumonic effusions (MPPE) can help elucidate its clinical significance as one of the variable manifestations of MP infection. This article aims to summarize the existing literature about the clinical characteristics of MPPE in adults and discuss its diagnostic implications from the perspective of pleural fluid analysis. Approximately 20–25% of adult patients with MP pneumonia develop MPPE, and its frequency in children and adults seems to be similar. Although the pathogenesis of MPPE remains to be elucidated, MP-induced cell-mediated immune mechanisms might be partially associated with the development of MPPE. MPPE usually shows mononuclear leukocyte predominance with elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, similar to tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). The degree of increase in pleural fluid ADA levels and serum inflammatory biomarkers may help differentiate between MPPE and TPE. During the acute phase, a single positive IgM and positive polymerase chain reaction results allow for a precise and reliable MP infection diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is the selection of adequate anti-mycoplasma antibiotics with or without corticosteroid, based on the local epidemiologic data on macrolide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-200-5536; Fax: +82-53-426-2046
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae among Chinese Outpatient Children with Mild Respiratory Tract Infections during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0155021. [PMID: 35138173 PMCID: PMC8826743 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01550-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen causing respiratory disease in children. We sought to investigate the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae among outpatient children with mild respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Eligible patients were prospectively enrolled from January 2020 to June 2021. Throat swabs were tested for M. pneumoniae RNA. M. pneumoniae IgM was tested by a colloidal gold assay. Macrolide resistance and the effect of the COVID-19 countermeasures on M. pneumoniae prevalence were assessed. Symptom scores, treatments, and outcomes were evaluated. Eight hundred sixty-two eligible children at 15 centers in China were enrolled. M. pneumoniae was detected in 78 (9.0%) patients. Seasonally, M. pneumoniae peaked in the first spring and dropped dramatically to extremely low levels over time until the next summer. Decreases in COVID-19 prevalence were significantly associated with decreases in M. pneumoniae prevalence (r = 0.76, P = 0.001). The macrolide resistance rate was 7.7%. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the colloidal gold assay used in determining M. pneumoniae infection were 32.1% and 77.9%, respectively. No more benefits for improving the severity of symptoms and outcomes were observed in M. pneumoniae-infected patients treated with a macrolide than in those not treated with a macrolide during follow-up. The prevalences of M. pneumoniae and macrolide resistance in outpatient children with mild RTIs were at low levels in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic but may have rebounded recently. The colloidal gold assay for M. pneumoniae IgM may be not appropriate for diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. Macrolides should be used with caution among outpatients with mild RTIs. IMPORTANCE This is the first and largest prospective, multicenter, active, population-based surveillance study of the epidemiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among outpatient children with mild respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nationwide measures like strict face mask wearing and restrictions on population movement implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 might also effectively prevent the spread of M. pneumoniae. The prevalence of M. pneumoniae and the proportion of drug-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates in outpatient children with mild RTIs were at low levels in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic but may have rebounded recently. The colloidal gold assay for M. pneumoniae IgM may be not appropriate for screening and diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection. Macrolides should be used with caution among outpatients with mild RTIs.
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Guo Z, Liu L, Gong J, Han N, He L, Wang W, Meng F, Xia X, Zhang J, Zhao F. Molecular features and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from pediatric inpatients in Weihai, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 28:180-184. [PMID: 35017067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed the molecular features and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates from Weihai in 2019. METHODS Pharyngeal swabs of 160 pediatric patients with pneumonia-related symptoms were collected and subjected to culture and subsequent characteristic analysis. The characteristics of M. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed through real-time PCR and genotyping. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against 4 antibiotics. All isolates were amplified for the analysis of macrolide (ML) resistant gene of the 23S rRNA and were genotyped with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and 'AGT' VNTR detection in p1 gene. RESULTS M. pneumoniae nucleic acid and culture positive rate of 160 specimens were 87.6% and 51.3%, respectively. Almost all isolates were ML resistant (81/82). Point mutation at 2063 site in 23S rRNA was identified in all ML resistant isolates. ML resistance rate of genotype 2 isolates was 97.6% in the M. pneumoniae isolates in Weihai. MLVA types 4/5/7/2 and 4/5/7/3 belonged to genotype 1, while 3/5/6/2 belonged to genotype 2. Numbers of 'AGT' VNTR in p1 gene from all isolates was in a range of 5-15. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that the two genotypes of M. pneumoniae isolates were presented in relative equivalent ratio, with genotype 2 slightly dominant, in pediatric patients in Weihai in 2019, and the overall ML resistance rate was close to 100%. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin in A2063T ML resistance in M. pneumoniae in Weihai was higher than previous publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Guo
- The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Liyong Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Gong
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Han
- The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Lihua He
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiuliang Xia
- The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 102206, China.
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Qiu J, Ge J, Cao L. D-dimer: The Risk Factor of Children's Severe Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:828437. [PMID: 35498793 PMCID: PMC9039299 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.828437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (MP) is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, which can cause serious consequences. There has been some research into predicting Severe Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) primarily focused on pre-treatment time by macrolide, pre-hospital course, CRP and LDH et.al. while seldom reporting on concoagulation status. We designed this retrospective study to compare the difference between SMPP and Non-severe MPP (NSMPP) with an attempt to find the risk factors, with a special focus on concoagulation status. METHOD We performed a retrospective study of 786 MPP patients who were hospitalized from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, age ranging from 28 days to 18 years old. All patients were divided into SMPP group and NSMPP group. A univariate analysis was conducted between both groups. The factors with statistical differences were included in logistic regression analysis to summarize the predictors of SMPP. Next, the predictive value of each risk factor was calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Patients who had D-dimer records were divided into the elevated D-dimer group (D-dimer > 308ug/L) and the control group (D-dimer ≤ 308ug/L), and the clinical manifestations were compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference in gender, age, pre-treatment time by macrolide, the white blood cell counts (WBC), Fibrinogen (FIB), Activated Partial Prothrombin Time (APTT), Prothrombin Time (PT) and Thrombin Time (TT) between SMPP and NSMPP. Compared with NSMPP, the pre-hospital course of SMPP was longer (P < 0.05), the neutrophil ratio (N%), platelet Count (PLT), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-dimer were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the N%, PLT, CRP, LDH and D-dimer were the key predictors for SMPP, the N% > 67%, OR = 3.233, PLT > 445 × 109 /L, OR = 2.589, LDH > 354U/L, OR = 4.335 and D-dimer level > 403 ug/L, OR = 7.316. The D-dimer possessed the best predictive value. The incidence of complications such as pleural effusion, myocardial and liver damage of MPP was higher in the elevated D-dimer group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The N%, PLT, CRP, LDH and D-dimer were risk factors for SMPP. D-dimer was the best predictor among them. MPP patients with D-dimer > 308ug/L had more complications such as pleural effusion, myocardial and liver damage. More attention should be given in the treatment for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qiu
- Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,Jinan Children's Hospital, Shandong, China.,Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ge
- Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Children's Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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Vilela Rodrigues TC, Jaiswal AK, Lemes MR, da Silva MV, Sales-Campos H, Alcântara LCJ, Tosta SFDO, Kato RB, Alzahrani KJ, Barh D, Azevedo VADC, Tiwari S, Soares SDC. An immunoinformatics-based designed multi-epitope candidate vaccine (mpme-VAC/STV-1) against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Comput Biol Med 2021; 142:105194. [PMID: 35007945 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a serious global health problem that accounts for over one million deaths annually. Among the main microorganisms causing pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common ones for which a vaccine is immediately required. In this context, a multi-epitope vaccine against this pathogen could be the best option that can induce effective immune response avoiding any serious adverse reactions. In this study, using an immunoinformatics approach we have designed a multi-epitope vaccine (mpme-VAC/STV-1) against M. pneumoniae. Our designed mpme-VAC/STV-1 is constructed using CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte), HTL (Helper T lymphocyte), and B-cell epitopes. These epitopes are selected from the core proteins of 88 M. pneumoniae genomes that were previously identified through reverse vaccinology approaches. The epitopes were filtered according to their immunogenicity, population coverage, and several other criteria. Sixteen CTL/B- and thirteen HTL/B- epitopes that belong to 5 core proteins were combined together through peptide linkers to develop the mpme-VAC/STV-1. The heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli was used as an adjuvant. The designed mpme-VAC/STV-1 is predicted to be stable, non-toxic, non-allergenic, non-host homologous, and with required antigenic and immunogenic properties. Docking and molecular dynamic simulation of mpme-VAC/STV-1 shows that it can stimulate TLR2 pathway mediated immunogenic reactions. In silico cloning of mpme-VAC/STV-1 in an expression vector also shows positive results. Finally, the mpme-VAC/STV-1 also shows promising efficacy in immune simulation tests. Therefore, our constructed mpme-VAC/STV-1 could be a safe and effective multi-epitope vaccine for immunization against pneumonia. However, it requires further experimental and clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Cristina Vilela Rodrigues
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela Rezende Lemes
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, 38025-180, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, 38025-180, MG, Brazil
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiânia, 74605-050, GO, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Sthephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bentes Kato
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, 721172, India
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Programa PG Em Bioinformática, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, 38025-180, MG, Brazil.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Coinfection with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010048. [PMID: 35054214 PMCID: PMC8775183 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae is usually mild. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related and C. pneumoniae-related acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDSs) are rare. Moreover, to our knowledge, there are no published reports on ARDS caused by M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae coinfection. Here, we report a case of an immunocompetent young woman who was co-infected with M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae and was started on treatment with piperacillin and clarithromycin. Two days later, she developed ARDS. She recovered rapidly following a change of antibiotic treatment to levofloxacin and was discharged on day 12. We conducted exome sequencing followed by alternative filtering to search for candidate ARDS-related genes. We identified an intronic variant of unknown significance within leucine-rich repeat-containing 16A (LRRC16A), a gene previously identified as a significant locus for platelet count with a possible role in ARDS. This is a rare case of ARDS in a young adult caused by M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae coinfection. This case suggests that ARDS in young adults may be correlated with variants in LRRC16A. This requires confirmation by further case reports.
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48
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Korppi M. Antibiotic therapy in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:3246-3250. [PMID: 34265116 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PubMed was reviewed on antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children for the years 2011-2020, and three clinical trials in high-income and eight in low-income countries were found. Prospective studies combining laboratory and clinical findings for steering of antibiotic treatment found that five-day courses were equally effective as longer courses. No new antibiotics were launched for children's CAP during the last 10 years. Five-day courses are equally effective as 7- to 10-day courses for CAP in children. Stewardship of antibiotics needs lessening of exposure to antibiotics by better targeting their use and by shortening the lengths of antibiotic courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Korppi
- Centre for Child Health Research Faculty of medicine and health technology University of Tampere and University Hospital Tampere Finland
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50
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Seo Y, Park H, Lee G. Molecular mechanisms of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among Korean isolates of Mycoplasma genitalium over a period of five years 2014-2019. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34812715 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium has become a global issue, and certain groups have a higher probability of acquiring resistant strains. Little is known about the genetic diversity and characteristics of the antimicrobial resistance-determining sites (ARDSs) of M. genitalium in the Korean population. Therefore, we examined the genetic diversity of the ARDSs of M. genitalium-positive urogenital samples obtained from Korean females (G1) and males (G2) visiting primary care clinics and DNA samples from referred males (G3) with persistent urethritis. From 2014 to 2019, 54 patients from G1, 86 patients from G2, and 68 patients from G3 were included in the study. Sanger sequencing was performed on the 2058/2059 sites in the 23S rRNA gene and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of M. genitalium. The rates of mutation in G1, G2, and G3 were 1.85, 5.81, and 48.53 %, respectively, for A2059G in the 23S rRNA gene (P<0.001); 1.85, 0, and 17.78 %, respectively, for M95R or I in gyrA (P<0.001); 0, 0, and 31.11 %, respectively, for D99N or G in gyrA (P<0.001); and 7.41, 16.28, and 30 %, respectively, for S83R or N or I in parC (P=0.015). A2059G significantly increased the risk of mutations at the gyrA95, gyrA99, and parC83 sites (all P<0.01). In conclusion, although the genetic diversity of the ARDSs of M. genitalium was variable among the groups, it was generally lower in isolates with macrolide resistance and higher in isolates with quinolone resistance in Korea compared with the isolates in other countries. The G3 group demonstrated increased genetic diversity at the A2059G, gyrA95, gyrA99, and parC83 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Seo
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoon Park
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilho Lee
- Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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