1
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Kumar T, Maitra S, Rai R, Priyanka, Maitra S, Tirkey NN, Kumari R. The dichotomy between probiotic lactic acid bacteria and Plasmodium: A promising therapeutic avenue. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107284. [PMID: 38857820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of gut microbial populations and their immense influence on host immunity, health, and diseases has increased deeply in recent years. Numerous reports have identified the role of mosquito and mammalian gut microbiota in the modulation of host susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. Artemisinin resistance in malaria-endemic regions necessitates the development of new, safer, and more affordable treatments to supplement existing therapies. In this review, we compiled a colossal amount of data from numerous studies that have assessed the roles played by gut microbial communities in Plasmodium infection, progression, transmission, and severity. Most interestingly, our study points to the overwhelming evidence from experimental studies in mural malaria to human trials, suggesting that the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the gut microbiota of mammalian hosts provides a great degree of protection against malaria. Therefore, our study provides a compelling narrative for probiotic administration as an adjunct therapy for combatting malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panch Pargana Kisan College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835204, India.
| | - Satarupa Maitra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Rai
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satwat Maitra
- Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Dey S, Vieyra-Garcia PA, Joshi AA, Trajanoski S, Wolf P. Modulation of the skin microbiome in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma delays tumour growth and increases survival in the murine EL4 model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1255859. [PMID: 38646524 PMCID: PMC11026597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1255859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing T cells causing chronic inflammation. These disorders cause impairment of the immune environment, which leads to severe infections and/or sepsis due to dysbiosis. In this study, we elucidated the host-microbial interaction in CTCL that occurs during the phototherapeutic treatment regime and determined whether modulation of the skin microbiota could beneficially affect the course of CTCL. EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells were intradermally grafted on the back of C57BL/6 mice. Animals were treated with conventional therapeutics such as psoralen + UVA (PUVA) or UVB in the presence or absence of topical antibiotic treatment (neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulphate) as an adjuvant. Microbial colonisation of the skin was assessed to correlate with disease severity and tumour growth. Triple antibiotic treatment significantly delayed tumour occurrence (p = 0.026), which prolonged the survival of the mice (p = 0.033). Allocation to phototherapeutic agents PUVA, UVB, or none of these, along with antibiotic intervention, reduced the tumour growth significantly (p = 0.0327, p ≤ 0.0001, p ≤ 0.0001 respectively). The beta diversity indices calculated using the Bray-Curtis model showed that the microbial population significantly differed after antibiotic treatment (p = 0.001). Upon modulating the skin microbiome by antibiotic treatment, we saw an increase in commensal Clostridium species, e.g., Lachnospiraceae sp. (p = 0.0008), Ruminococcaceae sp. (p = 0.0001)., Blautia sp. (p = 0.007) and a significant reduction in facultative pathogens Corynebacterium sp. (p = 0.0009), Pelomonas sp. (p = 0.0306), Streptococcus sp. (p ≥ 0.0001), Pseudomonas sp. (p = 0.0358), and Cutibacterium sp. (p = 0.0237). Intriguingly, we observed a significant decrease in Staphylococcus aureus frequency (p = 0.0001) but an increase in the overall detection frequency of the Staphylococcus genus, indicating that antibiotic treatment helped regain the microbial balance and increased the number of non-pathogenic Staphylococcus populations. These study findings show that modulating microbiota by topical antibiotic treatment helps to restore microbial balance by diminishing the numbers of pathogenic microbes, which, in turn, reduces chronic inflammation, delays tumour growth, and increases survival rates in our CTCL model. These findings support the rationale to modulate the microbial milieu during the disease course of CTCL and indicate its therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Microbiota/drug effects
- Mice
- Skin/microbiology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/microbiology
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/microbiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptaswa Dey
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Aaroh Anand Joshi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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3
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Aželytė J, Maitre A, Abuin-Denis L, Piloto-Sardiñas E, Wu-Chuang A, Žiegytė R, Mateos-Hernández L, Obregón D, Cabezas-Cruz A, Palinauskas V. Impact of Plasmodium relictum Infection on the Colonization Resistance of Bird Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:91. [PMID: 38276164 PMCID: PMC10819382 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian malaria infection has been known to affect host microbiota, but the impact of Plasmodium infection on the colonization resistance in bird gut microbiota remains unexplored. This study investigated the dynamics of Plasmodium relictum infection in canaries, aiming to explore the hypothesis that microbiota modulation by P. relictum would reduce colonization resistance. Canaries were infected with P. relictum, while a control group was maintained. The results revealed the presence of P. relictum in the blood of all infected canaries. Analysis of the host microbiota showed no significant differences in alpha diversity metrics between infected and control groups. However, significant differences in beta diversity indicated alterations in the microbial taxa composition of infected birds. Differential abundance analysis identified specific taxa with varying prevalence between infected and control groups at different time points. Network analysis demonstrated a decrease in correlations and revealed that P. relictum infection compromised the bird microbiota's ability to resist the removal of taxa but did not affect network robustness with the addition of new nodes. These findings suggest that P. relictum infection reduces gut microbiota stability and has an impact on colonization resistance. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing strategies to enhance colonization resistance and maintain host health in the face of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justė Aželytė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.A.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Apolline Maitre
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
- INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L’Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), F-20250 Corte, France
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, F-20250 Corte, France
| | - Lianet Abuin-Denis
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Avenue 31 between 158 and 190, Havana CU-10600, Cuba
| | - Elianne Piloto-Sardiñas
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
- Direction of Animal Health, National Center for Animal and Plant Health, Carretera de Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, Apartado Postal 10, San José de las Lajas CU-32700, Cuba
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
| | - Rita Žiegytė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.A.); (R.Ž.)
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.M.); (L.A.-D.); (E.P.-S.); (A.W.-C.); (L.M.-H.)
| | - Vaidas Palinauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.A.); (R.Ž.)
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4
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Navine AK, Paxton KL, Paxton EH, Hart PJ, Foster JT, McInerney N, Fleischer RC, Videvall E. Microbiomes associated with avian malaria survival differ between susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers and sympatric malaria-resistant introduced birds. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6659-6670. [PMID: 36281504 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Of the estimated 55 Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily Carduelinae) only 17 species remain, nine of which the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers endangered. Among the most pressing threats to honeycreeper survival is avian malaria, caused by the introduced blood parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is increasing in distribution in Hawai'i as a result of climate change. Preventing further honeycreeper decline will require innovative conservation strategies that confront malaria from multiple angles. Research on mammals has revealed strong connections between gut microbiome composition and malaria susceptibility, illuminating a potential novel approach to malaria control through the manipulation of gut microbiota. One honeycreeper species, Hawai'i 'amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), persists in areas of high malaria prevalence, indicating they have acquired some level of immunity. To investigate if avian host-specific microbes may be associated with malaria survival, we characterized cloacal microbiomes and malaria infection for 174 'amakihi and 172 malaria-resistant warbling white-eyes (Zosterops japonicus) from Hawai'i Island using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neither microbial alpha nor beta diversity covaried with infection, but 149 microbes showed positive associations with malaria survivors. Among these were Escherichia and Lactobacillus spp., which appear to mitigate malaria severity in mammalian hosts, revealing promising candidates for future probiotic research for augmenting malaria immunity in sensitive endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Navine
- Biology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristina L Paxton
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, USA
| | - Eben H Paxton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, USA
| | - Patrick J Hart
- Biology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy McInerney
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elin Videvall
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Mandal RK, Mandal A, Denny JE, Namazii R, John CC, Schmidt NW. Gut Bacteroides act in a microbial consortium to cause susceptibility to severe malaria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6465. [PMID: 37833304 PMCID: PMC10575898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the contribution of specific bacteria to the risk of severe malaria is unknown. Here, multiomics approaches demonstrate that specific species of Bacteroides are causally linked to the risk of severe malaria. Plasmodium yoelii hyperparasitemia-resistant mice gavaged with murine-isolated Bacteroides fragilis develop P. yoelii hyperparasitemia. Moreover, Bacteroides are significantly more abundant in Ugandan children with severe malarial anemia than with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection. Human isolates of Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides ovatus were able to cause susceptibility to severe malaria in mice. While monocolonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides alone is insufficient to cause susceptibility to hyperparasitemia, meta-analysis across multiple studies support a main role for Bacteroides in susceptibility to severe malaria. Approaches that target gut Bacteroides present an opportunity to prevent severe malaria and associated deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anita Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ruth Namazii
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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6
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Sriboonvorakul N, Chotivanich K, Silachamroon U, Phumratanaprapin W, Adams JH, Dondorp AM, Leopold SJ. Intestinal injury and the gut microbiota in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011661. [PMID: 37856470 PMCID: PMC10586672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of severe falciparum malaria involves a complex interaction between the host, parasite, and gut microbes. In this review, we focus on understanding parasite-induced intestinal injury and changes in the human intestinal microbiota composition in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. During the blood stage of P. falciparum infection, infected red blood cells adhere to the vascular endothelium, leading to widespread microcirculatory obstruction in critical tissues, including the splanchnic vasculature. This process may cause intestinal injury and gut leakage. Epidemiological studies indicate higher rates of concurrent bacteraemia in severe malaria cases. Furthermore, severe malaria patients exhibit alterations in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, although the exact contribution to pathophysiology remains unclear. Mouse studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota composition can impact susceptibility to Plasmodium infections. In patients with severe malaria, the microbiota shows an enrichment of pathobionts, including pathogens that are known to cause concomitant bloodstream infections. Microbial metabolites have also been detected in the plasma of severe malaria patients, potentially contributing to metabolic acidosis and other clinical complications. However, establishing causal relationships requires intervention studies targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Silachamroon
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapong Phumratanaprapin
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arjen M. Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stije J. Leopold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, the Netherlands
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7
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Mandal RK, Schmidt NW. Mechanistic insights into the interaction between the host gut microbiome and malaria. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011665. [PMID: 37824458 PMCID: PMC10569623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease and significant global health burden caused by the bite of a Plasmodium-infected female Anopheles mosquito. Gut microbiota was recently discovered as a risk factor of severe malaria. This review entails the recent advances on the impact of gut microbiota composition on malaria severity and consequence of malaria infection on gut microbiota in mammalian hosts. Additionally, this review provides mechanistic insight into interactions that might occur between gut microbiota and host immunity which in turn can modulate malaria severity. Finally, approaches to modulate gut microbiota composition are discussed. We anticipate this review will facilitate novel hypotheses to move the malaria-gut microbiome field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K. Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, United States of America
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8
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Holmes IA, Grundler MC. Phylogenetically under-dispersed gut microbiomes are not correlated with host genomic heterozygosity in a genetically diverse reptile community. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:258-274. [PMID: 36221927 PMCID: PMC9797449 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While key elements of fitness in vertebrate animals are impacted by their microbiomes, the host genetic characteristics that factor into microbiome composition are not fully understood. Here, we correlate host genomic heterozygosity and gut microbiome phylogenetic diversity across a community of reptiles in southwestern New Mexico to test hypotheses about the behaviour of host genes that drive microbiome assembly. We find that microbiome communities are phylogenetically under-dispersed relative to random expectations, and that host heterozygosity is not correlated with microbiome diversity. Our analyses reinforce results from functional genomic work that identify conserved host immune and nonimmune genes as key players in microbiome assembly, rather than gene families that rely on heterozygosity for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A. Holmes
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Cornell Institute of Host Microbe Interactions and Disease and Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Michael C. Grundler
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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9
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Ahluwalia S, Holmes I, von May R, Rabosky DL, Davis Rabosky AR. Assembling microbial communities: a genomic analysis of a natural experiment in neotropical bamboo internodes. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13958. [PMID: 36132220 PMCID: PMC9484453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes participate in ecological communities, much like multicellular organisms. However, microbial communities lack the centuries of observation and theory describing and predicting ecological processes available for multicellular organisms. Here, we examine early bacterial community assembly in the water-filled internodes of Amazonian bamboos from the genus Guadua. Bamboo stands form distinct habitat patches within the lowland Amazonian rainforest and provide habitat for a suite of vertebrate and invertebrate species. Guadua bamboos develop sealed, water-filled internodes as they grow. Internodes are presumed sterile or near sterile while closed, but most are eventually opened to the environment by animals, after which they are colonized by microbes. We find that microbial community diversity increases sharply over the first few days of environmental exposure, and taxonomic identity of the microbes changes through this time period as is predicted for early community assembly in macroscopic communities. Microbial community taxonomic turnover is consistent at the bacteria phylum level, but at the level of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), internode communities become increasingly differentiated through time. We argue that these tropical bamboos form an ideal study system for microbial community ecology due to their near-sterile condition prior to opening, relatively consistent environment after opening, and functionally limitless possibilities for replicates. Given the possible importance of opened internode habitats as locations of transmission for both pathogenic and beneficial microbes among animals, understanding the microbial dynamics of the internode habitat is a key conservation concern for the insect and amphibian species that use this microhabitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ahluwalia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Iris Holmes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States,Cornell Institute of Host Microbe Interactions and Disease and Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Rudolf von May
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States,Biology Program, California State University, Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alison R. Davis Rabosky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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10
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Olatunde AC, Cornwall DH, Roedel M, Lamb TJ. Mouse Models for Unravelling Immunology of Blood Stage Malaria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1525. [PMID: 36146602 PMCID: PMC9501382 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria comprises a spectrum of disease syndromes and the immune system is a major participant in malarial disease. This is particularly true in relation to the immune responses elicited against blood stages of Plasmodium-parasites that are responsible for the pathogenesis of infection. Mouse models of malaria are commonly used to dissect the immune mechanisms underlying disease. While no single mouse model of Plasmodium infection completely recapitulates all the features of malaria in humans, collectively the existing models are invaluable for defining the events that lead to the immunopathogenesis of malaria. Here we review the different mouse models of Plasmodium infection that are available, and highlight some of the main contributions these models have made with regards to identifying immune mechanisms of parasite control and the immunopathogenesis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Emma Eccles Jones Medical Research Building, 15 N Medical Drive E, Room 1420A, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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11
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Possible Interactions between Malaria, Helminthiases and the Gut Microbiota: A Short Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040721. [PMID: 35456772 PMCID: PMC9025727 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, caused by the Plasmodium species, is an infectious disease responsible for more than 600 thousand deaths and more than 200 million morbidity cases annually. With above 90% of those deaths and cases, sub-Saharan Africa is affected disproportionately. Malaria clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to simple, mild, and severe disease. External factors such as the gut microbiota and helminthiases have been shown to affect malaria clinical manifestations. However, little is known about whether the gut microbiota has the potential to influence malaria clinical manifestations in humans. Similarly, many previous studies have shown divergent results on the effects of helminths on malaria clinical manifestations. To date, a few studies, mainly murine, have shown the gut microbiota’s capacity to modulate malaria’s prospective risk of infection, transmission, and severity. This short review seeks to summarize recent literature about possible interactions between malaria, helminthiases, and the gut microbiota. The knowledge from this exercise will inform innovation possibilities for future tools, technologies, approaches, and policies around the prevention and management of malaria in endemic countries.
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12
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Palinauskas V, Mateos-Hernandez L, Wu-Chuang A, de la Fuente J, Aželytė J, Obregon D, Cabezas-Cruz A. Exploring the Ecological Implications of Microbiota Diversity in Birds: Natural Barriers Against Avian Malaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807682. [PMID: 35250978 PMCID: PMC8891477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (Abs), produced in response to bacterial gut microbiota, drive resistance to infection in vertebrates. In natural systems, gut microbiota diversity is expected to shape the spectrum of natural Abs and resistance to parasites. This hypothesis has not been empirically tested. In this 'Hypothesis and Theory' paper, we propose that enteric microbiota diversity shapes the immune response to the carbohydrate α-Gal and resistance to avian malaria. We further propose that anti-α-Gal Abs are transmitted from mother to eggs for early malaria protection in chicks. Microbiota modulation by anti-α-Gal Abs is also proposed as a mechanism favoring the early colonization of bacterial taxa with α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) activity in the bird gut. Our preliminary data shows that bacterial α1,3GT genes are widely distributed in the gut microbiome of wild and domestic birds. We also showed that experimental infection with the avian malaria parasite P. relictum induces anti-α-Gal Abs in bird sera. The bird-malaria-microbiota system allows combining field studies with infection and transmission experiments in laboratory animals to test the association between microbiota composition, anti-α-Gal Abs, and malaria infection in natural populations of wild birds. Understanding how the gut microbiome influences resistance to malaria can bring insights on how these mechanisms influence the prevalence of malaria parasites in juvenile birds and shape the host population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Justė Aželytė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
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13
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Byerley LO, Gallivan KM, Christopher CJ, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Davis GM, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Ondrak KS. Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Variations in Self-Identified Muscle Builders Who Report Using Protein Supplements. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030533. [PMID: 35276896 PMCID: PMC8839395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle builders frequently consume protein supplements, but little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota. This study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of self-identified muscle builders who did or did not report consuming a protein supplement. Twenty-two participants (14 males and 8 females) consumed a protein supplement (PS), and seventeen participants (12 males and 5 females) did not (No PS). Participants provided a fecal sample and completed a 24-h food recall (ASA24). The PS group consumed significantly more protein (118 ± 12 g No PS vs. 169 ± 18 g PS, p = 0.02). Fecal metabolome and microbiome were analyzed by using untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified distinct metabolic profiles driven by allantoin (VIP score = 2.85, PS 2.3-fold higher), a catabolic product of uric acid. High-protein diets contain large quantities of purines, which gut microbes degrade to uric acid and then allantoin. The bacteria order Lactobacillales was higher in the PS group (22.6 ± 49 No PS vs. 136.5 ± 38.1, PS (p = 0.007)), and this bacteria family facilitates purine absorption and uric acid decomposition. Bacterial genes associated with nucleotide metabolism pathways (p < 0.001) were more highly expressed in the No PS group. Both fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the PS group’s higher protein intake impacted nitrogen metabolism, specifically altering nucleotide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O. Byerley
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Karyn M. Gallivan
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Courtney J. Christopher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd, Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Gregory M. Davis
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70401, USA;
| | - Hector F. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kristin S. Ondrak
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
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14
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Boolani A, Gallivan KM, Ondrak KS, Christopher CJ, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Taylor CM, Luo M, Dowd SE, Smith ML, Byerley LO. Trait Energy and Fatigue May Be Connected to Gut Bacteria among Young Physically Active Adults: An Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030466. [PMID: 35276824 PMCID: PMC8839554 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence suggests that traits energy and fatigue are two unique unipolar moods with distinct mental and physical components. This exploratory study investigated the correlation between mental energy (ME), mental fatigue (MF), physical energy (PE), physical fatigue (PF), and the gut microbiome. The four moods were assessed by survey, and the gut microbiome and metabolome were determined from 16 S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis, respectively. Twenty subjects who were 31 ± 5 y, physically active, and not obese (26.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2) participated. Bacteroidetes (45%), the most prominent phyla, was only negatively correlated with PF. The second most predominant and butyrate-producing phyla, Firmicutes (43%), had members that correlated with each trait. However, the bacteria Anaerostipes was positively correlated with ME (0.048, p = 0.032) and negatively with MF (−0.532, p = 0.016) and PF (−0.448, p = 0.048), respectively. Diet influences the gut microbiota composition, and only one food group, processed meat, was correlated with the four moods—positively with MF (0.538, p = 0.014) and PF (0.513, p = 0.021) and negatively with ME (−0.790, p < 0.001) and PE (−0.478, p = 0.021). Only the Firmicutes genus Holdemania was correlated with processed meat (r = 0.488, p = 0.029). Distinct metabolic profiles were observed, yet these profiles were not significantly correlated with the traits. Study findings suggest that energy and fatigue are unique traits that could be defined by distinct bacterial communities not driven by diet. Larger studies are needed to confirm these exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.O.B.); Tel.: +504-319-5828 (A.B.); +704-340-4482 (L.O.B.)
| | - Karyn M. Gallivan
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Kristin S. Ondrak
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
| | - Courtney J. Christopher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Hector F. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (C.J.C.); (H.F.C.); (S.R.C.)
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (C.M.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd, Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 37916, USA;
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77807, USA
| | - Lauri O. Byerley
- Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA; (K.M.G.); (K.S.O.)
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.O.B.); Tel.: +504-319-5828 (A.B.); +704-340-4482 (L.O.B.)
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15
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Supplier-origin mouse microbiomes significantly influence locomotor and anxiety-related behavior, body morphology, and metabolism. Commun Biol 2021; 4:716. [PMID: 34112927 PMCID: PMC8192786 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse is the most commonly used model species in biomedical research. Just as human physical and mental health are influenced by the commensal gut bacteria, mouse models of disease are influenced by the fecal microbiome (FM). The source of mice represents one of the strongest influences on the FM and can influence the phenotype of disease models. The FM influences behavior in mice leading to the hypothesis that mice of the same genetic background from different vendors, will have different behavioral phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, colonies of CD-1 mice, rederived via embryo transfer into surrogate dams from four different suppliers, were subjected to phenotyping assays assessing behavior and physiological parameters. Significant differences in behavior, growth rate, metabolism, and hematological parameters were observed. Collectively, these findings show the profound influence of supplier-origin FMs on host behavior and physiology in healthy, genetically similar, wild-type mice maintained in identical environments.
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16
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Tritz ZP, Ayasoufi K, Johnson AJ. Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade monotherapy in the orthotopic GL261 glioma model: the devil is in the detail. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab066. [PMID: 34151268 PMCID: PMC8209580 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The GL261 cell line, syngeneic on the C57BL/6 background, has, since its establishment half a century ago in 1970, become the most commonly used immunocompetent murine model of glioblastoma. As immunotherapy has entered the mainstream of clinical discourse in the past decade, this model has proved its worth as a formidable opponent against various immunotherapeutic combinations. Although advances in surgical, radiological, and chemotherapeutic interventions have extended mean glioblastoma patient survival by several months, 5-year survival postdiagnosis remains below 5%. Immunotherapeutic interventions, such as the ones explored in the murine GL261 model, may prove beneficial for patients with glioblastoma. However, even common immunotherapeutic interventions in the GL261 model still have unclear efficacy, with wildly discrepant conclusions being made in the literature regarding this topic. Here, we focus on anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade monotherapy as an example of this pattern. We contend that a fine-grained analysis of how biological variables (age, sex, tumor location, etc.) predict treatment responsiveness in this preclinical model will better enable researchers to identify glioblastoma patients most likely to benefit from checkpoint blockade immunotherapy moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P Tritz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Corresponding Author: Aaron J. Johnson, PhD, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA ()
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17
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Mandal RK, Denny JE, Namazzi R, Opoka RO, Datta D, John CC, Schmidt NW. Dynamic modulation of spleen germinal center reactions by gut bacteria during Plasmodium infection. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109094. [PMID: 33979614 PMCID: PMC8141963 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota educate the local and distal immune system in early life to imprint long-term immunological outcomes while maintaining the capacity to dynamically modulate the local mucosal immune system throughout life. It is unknown whether gut microbiota provide signals that dynamically regulate distal immune responses following an extra-gastrointestinal infection. We show here that gut bacteria composition correlated with the severity of malaria in children. Using the murine model of malaria, we demonstrate that parasite burden and spleen germinal center reactions are malleable to dynamic cues provided by gut bacteria. Whereas antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria have been associated with immunopathology or impairment of immunity, the data demonstrate that antibiotic-induced changes in gut bacteria can enhance immunity to Plasmodium. This effect is not universal but depends on baseline gut bacteria composition. These data demonstrate the dynamic communications that exist among gut bacteria, the gut-distal immune system, and control of Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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18
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Bamgbose T, Anvikar AR, Alberdi P, Abdullahi IO, Inabo HI, Bello M, Cabezas-Cruz A, de la Fuente J. Functional Food for the Stimulation of the Immune System Against Malaria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1254-1266. [PMID: 33791994 PMCID: PMC8012070 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a threat to global health, and new interventions are needed to control major infectious diseases. The composition of gut microbiota has been linked to human health and has been associated with severity of malaria. Fermented foods contribute to the community of healthy gut bacteria. Despite the studies connecting gut microbiota to the prevention of malaria transmission and severity, research on developing functional foods for the purpose of manipulating the gut microbiota for malaria control is limited. This review summarizes recent knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in malaria prevention and treatment. This information should encourage the search for lactic acid bacteria expressing α-Gal and those that exhibit the desired immune stimulating properties for the development of functional food and probiotics for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bamgbose
- ICMR, -National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Anupkumar R Anvikar
- ICMR, -National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isa O Abdullahi
- Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Helen I Inabo
- Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Bello
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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19
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Plasmodium chabaudi Infection Alters Intestinal Morphology and Mucosal Innate Immunity in Moderately Malnourished Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030913. [PMID: 33799736 PMCID: PMC7998862 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite which causes malarial disease in humans. Infections commonly occur in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with high rates of inadequate nutrient consumption resulting in malnutrition. The complex relationship between malaria and malnutrition and their effects on gut immunity and physiology are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of malaria infection in the guts of moderately malnourished mice. We utilized a well-established low protein diet that is deficient in zinc and iron to induce moderate malnutrition and investigated mucosal tissue phenotype, permeability, and innate immune response in the gut. We observed that the infected moderately malnourished mice had lower parasite burden at the peak of infection, but damaged mucosal epithelial cells and high levels of FITC-Dextran concentration in the blood serum, indicating increased intestinal permeability. The small intestine in the moderately malnourished mice were also shorter after infection with malaria. This was accompanied with lower numbers of CD11b+ macrophages, CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, and CD11c+ dendritic cells in large intestine. Despite the lower number of innate immune cells, macrophages in the moderately malnourished mice were highly activated as determined by MHCII expression and increased IFNγ production in the small intestine. Thus, our data suggest that malaria infection may exacerbate some of the abnormalities in the gut induced by moderate malnutrition.
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20
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Weisskopf L, Schulz S, Garbeva P. Microbial volatile organic compounds in intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:391-404. [PMID: 33526910 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce and excrete a versatile array of metabolites with different physico-chemical properties and biological activities. However, the ability of microorganisms to release volatile compounds has only attracted research attention in the past decade. Recent research has revealed that microbial volatiles are chemically very diverse and have important roles in distant interactions and communication. Microbial volatiles can diffuse fast in both gas and water phases, and thus can mediate swift chemical interactions. As well as constitutively emitted volatiles, microorganisms can emit induced volatiles that are triggered by biological interactions or environmental cues. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries concerning microbial volatile compounds and their roles in intra-kingdom microbial interactions and inter-kingdom interactions with plants and insects. Furthermore, we indicate the potential biotechnological applications of microbial volatiles and discuss challenges and perspectives in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Rasmussen TS, Jakobsen RR, Castro-Mejía JL, Kot W, Thomsen AR, Vogensen FK, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK. Inter-vendor variance of enteric eukaryotic DNA viruses in specific pathogen free C57BL/6N mice. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:1-5. [PMID: 33548686 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse strain C57BL/6 is widely used as an animal model for various applications. It is becoming increasingly clear that the bacterial enteric community highly influences the phenotype. Eukaryotic viruses represent a sparsely investigated member of the enteric microbiome that might also affect the phenotype. We here investigated the presence of enteric eukaryotic DNA viruses (EDVs) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6N mice purchased from three vendors upon arrival and after being fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). We detected genetic fragments of EDVs belonging to the viral families of Herpes-, Mimi-, Baculo- and Phycodnaviridae represented by two genera; Chlorovirus and Prasinovirus. The EDVs were detected in the mice upon arrival and persisted for 13 weeks. However, these signals of EDVs were only detected at notable levels in mice fed LFD from 2 out of 3 vendors, which suggested that the enteric composition of these EDVs were affected by both vendor (p < 0.003) and different dietary regimes (p < 0.013). This highlights the need of additional studies assessing the potential function of these EDVs that may influence the mouse phenotype and the reproducibility of animal studies using this C57BL/6N substrain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Kvist Vogensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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22
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Baer AG, Bourdon AK, Price JM, Campagna SR, Jacobson DA, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R. Isoflurane anesthesia disrupts the cortical metabolome. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:2012-2021. [PMID: 33112692 PMCID: PMC7814899 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00375.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying similarities and differences in the brain metabolome during different states of consciousness has broad relevance for neuroscience and state-dependent autonomic function. This study focused on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a brain region known to modulate states of consciousness. Anesthesia was used as a tool to eliminate wakefulness. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on microdialysis samples obtained from mouse PFC during wakefulness and during isoflurane anesthesia. Analyses detected 2,153 molecules, 91 of which could be identified. Analytes were grouped as detected during both wakefulness and anesthesia (n = 61) and as unique to wakefulness (n = 23) or anesthesia (n = 7). Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches. Relative to wakefulness, during anesthesia there was a significant (q < 0.0001) fourfold change in 21 metabolites. During anesthesia 11 of these 21 molecules decreased and 10 increased. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database was used to relate behavioral state-specific changes in the metabolome to metabolic pathways. Relative to wakefulness, most of the amino acids and analogs measured were significantly decreased during isoflurane anesthesia. Nucleosides and analogs were significantly increased during anesthesia. Molecules associated with carbohydrate metabolism, maintenance of lipid membranes, and normal cell functions were significantly decreased during anesthesia. Significant state-specific changes were also discovered among molecules comprising lipids and fatty acids, monosaccharides, and organic acids. Considered together, these molecules regulate point-to-point transmission, volume conduction, and cellular metabolism. The results identify a novel ensemble of candidate molecules in PFC as putative modulators of wakefulness and the loss of wakefulness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The loss of wakefulness caused by a single concentration of isoflurane significantly altered levels of interrelated metabolites in the prefrontal cortex. The results support the interpretation that states of consciousness reflect dynamic interactions among cortical neuronal networks involving a humbling number of molecules that comprise the brain metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Baer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Allen K Bourdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua M Price
- Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel A Jacobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Ralph Lydic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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The Initial Gut Microbiota and Response to Antibiotic Perturbation Influence Clostridioides difficile Clearance in Mice. mSphere 2020; 5:5/5/e00869-20. [PMID: 33087520 PMCID: PMC7580958 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00869-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are widely used to answer a variety of C. difficile pathogenesis questions. However, the interindividual variation between mice from the same breeding facility is less than what is observed in humans. Therefore, we challenged mice from 6 different breeding colonies with C. difficile. We found that the starting microbial community structures and C. difficile persistence varied by the source of mice. Interestingly, a subset of the bacteria that varied across sources were associated with how long C. difficile was able to colonize. By increasing the interindividual diversity of the starting communities, we were able to better model human diversity. This provided a more nuanced perspective of C. difficile pathogenesis. The gut microbiota has a key role in determining susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs). However, much of the mechanistic work examining CDIs in mouse models uses animals obtained from a single source. We treated mice from 6 sources (2 University of Michigan colonies and 4 commercial vendors) with clindamycin, followed by a C. difficile challenge, and then measured C. difficile colonization levels throughout the infection. The microbiota were profiled via 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the variation across sources and alterations due to clindamycin treatment and C. difficile challenge. While all mice were colonized 1 day postinfection, variation emerged from days 3 to 7 postinfection with animals from some sources colonized with C. difficile for longer and at higher levels. We identified bacteria that varied in relative abundance across sources and throughout the experiment. Some bacteria were consistently impacted by clindamycin treatment in all sources of mice, including Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. To identify bacteria that were most important to colonization regardless of the source, we created logistic regression models that successfully classified mice based on whether they cleared C. difficile by 7 days postinfection using community composition data at baseline, post-clindamycin treatment, and 1 day postinfection. With these models, we identified 4 bacterial taxa that were predictive of whether C. difficile cleared. They varied across sources (Bacteroides) or were altered by clindamycin (Porphyromonadaceae) or both (Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus). Allowing for microbiota variation across sources better emulates human interindividual variation and can help identify bacterial drivers of phenotypic variation in the context of CDIs. IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is a leading nosocomial infection. Although perturbation to the gut microbiota is an established risk, there is variation in who becomes asymptomatically colonized, develops an infection, or has adverse infection outcomes. Mouse models of C. difficile infection (CDI) are widely used to answer a variety of C. difficile pathogenesis questions. However, the interindividual variation between mice from the same breeding facility is less than what is observed in humans. Therefore, we challenged mice from 6 different breeding colonies with C. difficile. We found that the starting microbial community structures and C. difficile persistence varied by the source of mice. Interestingly, a subset of the bacteria that varied across sources were associated with how long C. difficile was able to colonize. By increasing the interindividual diversity of the starting communities, we were able to better model human diversity. This provided a more nuanced perspective of C. difficile pathogenesis.
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Fries-Craft K, Anast JM, Schmitz-Esser S, Bobeck EA. Host immunity and the colon microbiota of mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium are beneficially modulated by lipid-soluble extract from late-cutting alfalfa in the early stages of infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236106. [PMID: 32673362 PMCID: PMC7365448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is a forage legume commonly associated with ruminant livestock production that may be a potential source of health-promoting phytochemicals. Anecdotal evidence from producers suggests that later cuttings of alfalfa may be more beneficial to non-ruminants; however, published literature varies greatly in measured outcomes, supplement form, and cutting. The objective of this study was to measure body weight, average daily feed intake, host immunity, and the colon microbiota composition in mice fed hay, aqueous, and chloroform extracts of early (1st) and late (5th) cutting alfalfa before and after challenge with Citrobacter rodentium. Prior to inoculation, alfalfa supplementation did not have a significant impact on body weight or feed intake, but 5th cutting alfalfa was shown to improve body weight at 5- and 6-days post-infection compared to 1st cutting alfalfa (P = 0.02 and 0.01). Combined with the observation that both chloroform extracts improved mouse body weight compared to control diets in later stages of C. rodentium infection led to detailed analyses of the immune system and colon microbiota in mice fed 1st and 5th cutting chloroform extracts. Immediately following inoculation, 5th cutting chloroform extracts significantly reduced the relative abundance of C. rodentium (P = 0.02) and did not display the early lymphocyte recruitment observed in 1st cutting extract. In later timepoints, both chloroform extracts maintained lower splenic B-cell and macrophage populations while increasing the relative abundance of potentially beneficially genera such as Turicibacter (P = 0.02). At 21dpi, only 5th cutting chloroform extracts increased the relative abundance of beneficial Akkermansia compared to the control diet (P = 0.02). These results suggest that lipid soluble compounds enriched in late-cutting alfalfa modulate pathogen colonization and early immune responses to Citrobacter rodentium, contributing to protective effects on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Fries-Craft
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - J. M. Anast
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - S. Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - E. A. Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Mandal RK, Denny JE, Waide ML, Li Q, Bhutiani N, Anderson CD, Baby BV, Jala VR, Egilmez NK, Schmidt NW. Temporospatial shifts within commercial laboratory mouse gut microbiota impact experimental reproducibility. BMC Biol 2020; 18:83. [PMID: 32620114 PMCID: PMC7334859 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental reproducibility in mouse models is impacted by both genetics and environment. The generation of reproducible data is critical for the biomedical enterprise and has become a major concern for the scientific community and funding agencies alike. Among the factors that impact reproducibility in experimental mouse models is the variable composition of the microbiota in mice supplied by different commercial vendors. Less attention has been paid to how the microbiota of mice supplied by a particular vendor might change over time. RESULTS In the course of conducting a series of experiments in a mouse model of malaria, we observed a profound and lasting change in the severity of malaria in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii; while for several years mice obtained from a specific production suite of a specific commercial vendor were able to clear the parasites effectively in a relatively short time, mice subsequently shipped from the same unit suffered much more severe disease. Gut microbiota analysis of frozen cecal samples identified a distinct and lasting shift in bacteria populations that coincided with the altered response of the later shipments of mice to infection with malaria parasites. Germ-free mice colonized with cecal microbiota from mice within the same production suite before and after this change followed by Plasmodium infection provided a direct demonstration that the change in gut microbiota profoundly impacted the severity of malaria. Moreover, spatial changes in gut microbiota composition were also shown to alter the acute bacterial burden following Salmonella infection, and tumor burden in a lung tumorigenesis model. CONCLUSION These changes in gut bacteria may have impacted the experimental reproducibility of diverse research groups and highlight the need for both laboratory animal providers and researchers to collaborate in determining the methods and criteria needed to stabilize the gut microbiota of animal breeding colonies and research cohorts, and to develop a microbiota solution to increase experimental rigor and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Present Address: Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Morgan L Waide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Neal Bhutiani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Charles D Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Becca V Baby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Present Address: Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Mukherjee D, Chora ÂF, Mota MM. Microbiota, a Third Player in the Host-Plasmodium Affair. Trends Parasitol 2019; 36:11-18. [PMID: 31787522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, is responsible for more than 200 million new infections and 400 000 deaths yearly. While in recent years the influence of the microbiota in homeostasis and a wide variety of disorders has taken center stage, its contribution during malaria infections has only now started to emerge. The few published studies suggest two distinct but complementary directions. Plasmodium infections can cause significant alterations in host (at least gut) microbiota, and host gut microbiota can influence the clinical outcome of malaria infections. In this opinion article, we highlight the most fundamental unanswered questions in the field that will, hopefully, point future research directions towards unveiling key mechanistic insights of the Plasmodium-host-microbiota axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukherjee
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Ferreira Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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27
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Holmes IA, Monagan IV, Rabosky DL, Davis Rabosky AR. Metabolically similar cohorts of bacteria exhibit strong cooccurrence patterns with diet items and eukaryotic microbes in lizard guts. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12471-12481. [PMID: 31788191 PMCID: PMC6875663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiomes perform essential services for their hosts, including helping them to digest food and manage pathogens and parasites. Performing these services requires a diverse and constantly changing set of metabolic functions from the bacteria in the microbiome. The metabolic repertoire of the microbiome is ultimately dependent on the outcomes of the ecological interactions of its member microbes, as these interactions in part determine the taxonomic composition of the microbiome. The ecological processes that underpin the microbiome's ability to handle a variety of metabolic challenges might involve rapid turnover of the gut microbiome in response to new metabolic challenges, or it might entail maintaining sufficient diversity in the microbiome that any new metabolic demands can be met from an existing set of bacteria. To differentiate between these scenarios, we examine the gut bacteria and resident eukaryotes of two generalist-insectivore lizards, while simultaneously identifying the arthropod prey each lizard was digesting at the time of sampling. We find that the cohorts of bacteria that occur significantly more or less often than expected with arthropod diet items or eukaryotes include bacterial species that are highly similar to each other metabolically. This pattern in the bacterial microbiome could represent an early step in the taxonomic shifts in bacterial microbiome that occur when host lineages change their diet niche over evolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris A. Holmes
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Ivan V. Monagan
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Division of HerpetologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Alison R. Davis Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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28
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Morffy Smith CD, Gong M, Andrew AK, Russ BN, Ge Y, Zadeh M, Cooper CA, Mohamadzadeh M, Moore JM. Composition of the gut microbiota transcends genetic determinants of malaria infection severity and influences pregnancy outcome. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:639-655. [PMID: 31160271 PMCID: PMC6606560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria infection in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mouse models for gestational malaria allow for the exploration of the mechanisms linking maternal malaria infection and poor pregnancy outcomes in a tractable model system. The composition of the gut microbiota has been shown to influence susceptibility to malaria infection in inbred virgin mice. In this study, we explore the ability of the gut microbiota to modulate malaria infection severity in pregnant outbred Swiss Webster mice. METHODS In Swiss Webster mice, the composition of the gut microbiota was altered by disrupting the native gut microbes through broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, followed by the administration of a faecal microbiota transplant derived from mice possessing gut microbes reported previously to confer susceptibility or resistance to malaria. Female mice were infected with P. chabaudi chabaudi AS in early gestation, and the progression of infection and pregnancy were tracked throughout gestation. To assess the impact of maternal infection on foetal outcomes, dams were sacrificed at term to assess foetal size and viability. Alternatively, pups were delivered by caesarean section and fostered to assess neonatal survival and pre-weaning growth in the absence of maternal morbidity. A group of dams was also euthanized at mid-gestation to assess infection and pregnancy outcomes. FINDINGS Susceptibility to infection varied significantly as a function of source of transplanted gut microbes. Parasite burden was negatively correlated with the abundance of five specific OTUs, including Akkermansia muciniphila and OTUs classified as Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, and S24-7 species. Reduced parasite burden was associated with reduced maternal morbidity and improved pregnancy outcomes. Pups produced by dams with high parasite burdens displayed a significant reduction in survival in the first days of life relative to those from malaria-resistant dams when placed with foster dams. At midgestation, plasma cytokine levels were similar across all groups, but expression of IFNγ in the conceptus was elevated in infected dams, and IL-10 only in susceptible dams. In the latter, transcriptional and microscopic evidence of monocytic infiltration was observed with high density infection; likewise, accumulation of malaria haemozoin was enhanced in this group. These responses, combined with reduced vascularization of the placenta in this group, may contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes. Thus, high maternal parasite burden and associated maternal responses, potentially dictated by the gut microbial community, negatively impacts term foetal health and survival in the early postnatal period. INTERPRETATION The composition of the gut microbiota in Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS-infected pregnant Swiss Webster mice transcends the outbred genetics of the Swiss Webster mouse stock as a determinant of malaria infection severity, subsequently influencing pregnancy outcomes in malaria-exposed progeny. FUND: Research reported in this manuscript was supported by the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine (JMM, MM, and MG), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers T32AI060546 (to CDMS), R01HD46860 and R21AI111242 (to JMM), and R01 DK109560 (to MM). MG was supported by Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and University of Florida graduate assistantships. AA was supported by the 2017-2019 Peach State LSAMP Bridge to the Doctorate Program at the University of Georgia (National Science Foundation, Award # 1702361). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent official views of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, or the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Morffy Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Minghao Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicer K Andrew
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brittany N Russ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Caitlin A Cooper
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie M Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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29
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Popovic A, Bourdon C, Wang PW, Guttman DS, Voskuijl W, Grigg ME, Bandsma RHJ, Parkinson J. Design and application of a novel two-amplicon approach for defining eukaryotic microbiota. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:228. [PMID: 30572961 PMCID: PMC6302507 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a lack of systematic diagnostics, our understanding of the diversity and role of eukaryotic microbiota in human health is limited. While studies have shown fungal communities to be significant modulators of human health, information on the prevalence of taxa such as protozoa and helminths has been limited to a small number of species for which targeted molecular diagnostics are available. To probe the diversity of eukaryotic microbes and their relationships with other members of the microbiota, we applied in silico and experimental approaches to design a novel two-amplicon surveillance tool, based on sequencing regions of ribosomal RNA genes and their internal transcribed spacers. We subsequently demonstrated the utility of our approach by characterizing the eukaryotic microbiota of 46 hospitalized Malawian children suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). RESULTS Through in silico analysis and validation on a diverse panel of eukaryotes, we identified 18S rRNA variable genetic regions 4 and 5 (18S V4 V5), together with a region encoding 28S rRNA variable genetic region 2 and the internal transcribed spacers (transITS), as optimal for the systematic classification of eukaryotes. Sequencing of these regions revealed protozoa in all stool samples from children with SAM and helminths in most, including several eukaryotes previously implicated in malnutrition and diarrheal disease. Clinical comparisons revealed no association between protozoan parasites and diarrhea or HIV reactivity. However, the presence of Blastocystis correlated with bacterial alpha diversity and increased abundance of specific taxa, including Sporobacter, Cellulosibacter, Oscillibacter, and Roseburia. CONCLUSION We suggest this novel two-amplicon based strategy will prove an effective tool to deliver new insights into the role of eukaryotic microbiota in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popovic
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle Suite 5207, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi Coordination Centre, P.O Box 43640-00100, 197 Lenana Place 2nd Floor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauline W. Wang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5 Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St Suite 4038, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - David S. Guttman
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5 Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St Suite 4038, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Wieger Voskuijl
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi Coordination Centre, P.O Box 43640-00100, 197 Lenana Place 2nd Floor, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Mahatma Gandhi, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi
- Global Child Health Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E. Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, MSC 9806, Bethesda, MD 20892-9806 USA
| | - Robert H. J. Bandsma
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi Coordination Centre, P.O Box 43640-00100, 197 Lenana Place 2nd Floor, Nairobi, Kenya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 525 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3 Canada
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 525 University Avenue Suite 702, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3 Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle Suite 5253A, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Mahatma Gandhi, Private Bag 360 Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - John Parkinson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle Suite 5207, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle Suite 4386, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
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Ippolito MM, Denny JE, Langelier C, Sears CL, Schmidt NW. Malaria and the Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:1831-1839. [PMID: 29701835 PMCID: PMC6260159 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome influences malaria parasite fitness and transmission efficiency in mosquitoes and appears to affect malaria dynamics in mammalian hosts as well. Nascent research examining the interrelationship of malaria and the mammalian microbiome has yielded interesting insights inviting further study. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature examining associations between the microbiome and malaria in mammalian hosts. An electronic search algorithm was adapted to PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant sources were manually searched. Identified studies were screened and assessed independently by 2 authors, and results were compiled in a qualitative synthesis of the evidence. Results Ten relevant studies were identified. They demonstrate associations between certain intestinal communities and protection against Plasmodium infection and modulation of disease severity. Plasmodium infection acutely and reversibly reshapes gut microbial composition in mice. The makeup of human skin microbial communities may influence mosquito attraction and thus disease transmission. Conclusions Early research supports a relationship between malaria and the microbiome. The evidence is incomplete, but the observed associations are evocative and signal a promising avenue of inquiry. Microbiome-based studies of malaria can be readily integrated into field-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Ippolito
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Charles Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky
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31
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Bourdon AK, Spano GM, Marshall W, Bellesi M, Tononi G, Serra PA, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R, Campagna SR, Cirelli C. Metabolomic analysis of mouse prefrontal cortex reveals upregulated analytes during wakefulness compared to sleep. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11225. [PMID: 30046159 PMCID: PMC6060152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By identifying endogenous molecules in brain extracellular fluid metabolomics can provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms and functions of sleep. Here we studied how the cortical metabolome changes during sleep, sleep deprivation and spontaneous wakefulness. Mice were implanted with electrodes for chronic sleep/wake recording and with microdialysis probes targeting prefrontal and primary motor cortex. Metabolites were measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Sleep/wake changes in metabolites were evaluated using partial least squares discriminant analysis, linear mixed effects model analysis of variance, and machine-learning algorithms. More than 30 known metabolites were reliably detected in most samples. When used by a logistic regression classifier, the profile of these metabolites across sleep, spontaneous wake, and enforced wake was sufficient to assign mice to their correct experimental group (pair-wise) in 80-100% of cases. Eleven of these metabolites showed significantly higher levels in awake than in sleeping mice. Some changes extend previous findings (glutamate, homovanillic acid, lactate, pyruvate, tryptophan, uridine), while others are novel (D-gluconate, N-acetyl-beta-alanine, N-acetylglutamine, orotate, succinate/methylmalonate). The upregulation of the de novo pyrimidine pathway, gluconate shunt and aerobic glycolysis may reflect a wake-dependent need to promote the synthesis of many essential components, from nucleic acids to synaptic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K Bourdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Giovanna Maria Spano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - William Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michele Bellesi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Ralph Lydic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States. .,Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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32
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Campa MF, Techtmann SM, Gibson CM, Zhu X, Patterson M, Garcia de Matos Amaral A, Ulrich N, Campagna SR, Grant CJ, Lamendella R, Hazen TC. Impacts of Glutaraldehyde on Microbial Community Structure and Degradation Potential in Streams Impacted by Hydraulic Fracturing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5989-5999. [PMID: 29683652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing, particularly those of surface spills in aquatic ecosystems, are not fully understood. The goals of this study were to (1) understand the effect of previous exposure to hydraulic fracturing fluids on aquatic microbial community structure and (2) examine the impacts exposure has on biodegradation potential of the biocide glutaraldehyde. Microcosms were constructed from hydraulic fracturing-impacted and nonhydraulic fracturing-impacted streamwater within the Marcellus shale region in Pennsylvania. Microcosms were amended with glutaraldehyde and incubated aerobically for 56 days. Microbial community adaptation to glutaraldehyde was monitored using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantification by qPCR. Abiotic and biotic glutaraldehyde degradation was measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography--high resolution mass spectrometry and total organic carbon. It was found that nonhydraulic fracturing-impacted microcosms biodegraded glutaraldehyde faster than the hydraulic fracturing-impacted microcosms, showing a decrease in degradation potential after exposure to hydraulic fracturing activity. Hydraulic fracturing-impacted microcosms showed higher richness after glutaraldehyde exposure compared to unimpacted streams, indicating an increased tolerance to glutaraldehyde in hydraulic fracturing impacted streams. Beta diversity and differential abundance analysis of sequence count data showed different bacterial enrichment for hydraulic fracturing-impacted and nonhydraulic fracturing-impacted microcosms after glutaraldehyde addition. These findings demonstrated a lasting effect on microbial community structure and glutaraldehyde degradation potential in streams impacted by hydraulic fracturing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Campa
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
- Biosciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , United States
| | - Stephen M Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences , Michigan Technological University , Houghton , Michigan 49931 , United States
| | - Caleb M Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Office of Information Technology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Megan Patterson
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | | | - Nikea Ulrich
- Department of Biology , Juniata College , Huntingdon , Pennsylvania 16652 , United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Christopher J Grant
- Department of Biology , Juniata College , Huntingdon , Pennsylvania 16652 , United States
| | - Regina Lamendella
- Department of Biology , Juniata College , Huntingdon , Pennsylvania 16652 , United States
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
- Department of Microbiology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996-1605 , United States
- Earth & Planetary Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
- Biosciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37830 , United States
- Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Abstract
Anesthetic mechanisms that eliminate consciousness and perception of pain are products of the nervous system. Chemical approaches to the study of anesthetic mechanisms have the potential to serve as an ideal interface between basic and clinical neuroscience. There are disproportionately more basic neurochemical studies than clinical studies of anesthetic mechanisms. Even within neuroscience, the study of anesthetic mechanisms is sparse. The Society for Neuroscience hosts one of the world's largest and most vibrant scientific meetings, yet the content themes of that meeting do not include anesthesia. One goal of this chapter is to facilitate neurochemical studies of anesthetic mechanisms by outlining user-friendly descriptions of existing and emerging techniques. The introduction provides a context for chapter goals. The second portion of this chapter focuses on microdialysis methods that enable the humane acquisition of neurochemical samples from intact, behaving animals during anesthetic induction, maintenance, and emergence. No single neurotransmitter and no single brain region regulate the physiological and behavioral traits characteristic of any anesthetic state. This limitation is being addressed via application of new instrumentation and techniques in analytic chemistry. The final third of this chapter highlights selected omics approaches that are now being applied to the neurochemical study of anesthetic mechanisms. We hope that this brief chapter can stimulate basic and clinical metabolomic approaches aiming to elucidate the mechanisms of anesthetic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Lydic
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Amanda L May
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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34
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Hahn WO, Butler NS, Lindner SE, Akilesh HM, Sather DN, Kappe SH, Hamerman JA, Gale M, Liles WC, Pepper M. cGAS-mediated control of blood-stage malaria promotes Plasmodium-specific germinal center responses. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94142. [PMID: 29367469 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of pathogens by host pattern recognition receptors is essential for activating the immune response during infection. We used a nonlethal murine model of malaria (Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) to assess the contribution of the pattern recognition receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to the development of humoral immunity. Despite previous reports suggesting a critical, intrinsic role for cGAS in early B cell responses, cGAS-deficient (cGAS-/-) mice had no defect in the early expansion or differentiation of Plasmodium-specific B cells. As the infection proceeded, however, cGAS-/- mice exhibited higher parasite burdens and aberrant germinal center and memory B cell formation when compared with littermate controls. Antimalarial drugs were used to further demonstrate that the disrupted humoral response was not B cell intrinsic but instead was a secondary effect of a loss of parasite control. These findings therefore demonstrate that cGAS-mediated innate-sensing contributes to parasite control but is not intrinsically required for the development of humoral immunity. Our findings highlight the need to consider the indirect effects of pathogen burden in investigations examining how the innate immune system affects the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Hahn
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and.,Center For Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Noah S Butler
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott E Lindner
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly M Akilesh
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan Hi Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health and
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center For Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and.,Center For Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Center For Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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35
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Burgess SL, Gilchrist CA, Lynn TC, Petri WA. Parasitic Protozoa and Interactions with the Host Intestinal Microbiota. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00101-17. [PMID: 28584161 PMCID: PMC5520446 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00101-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic protozoan infections represent a major health burden in the developing world and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. These infections are often associated with considerable variability in clinical presentation. An emerging body of work suggests that the intestinal microbiota may help to explain some of these differences in disease expression. The objective of this minireview is to synthesize recent progress in this rapidly advancing field. Studies of humans and animals and in vitro studies of the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to infectious disease are discussed. We hope to provide an understanding of the human-protozoal pathogen-microbiome interaction and to speculate on how that might be leveraged for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Burgess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Carol A Gilchrist
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tucker C Lynn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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36
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Samuelson DR, Shellito JE, Maffei VJ, Tague ED, Campagna SR, Blanchard EE, Luo M, Taylor CM, Ronis MJJ, Molina PE, Welsh DA. Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis impairs pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006426. [PMID: 28604843 PMCID: PMC5481032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption perturbs the normal intestinal microbial communities (dysbiosis). To investigate the relationship between alcohol-mediated dysbiosis and pulmonary host defense we developed a fecal adoptive transfer model, which allows us to investigate the impact of alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis on host immune response to an infectious challenge at a distal organ, independent of prevailing alcohol use. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, neomycin, vancomycin, and metronidazole) via daily gavage for two weeks. A separate group of animals was fed a chronic alcohol (or isocaloric dextrose pair-fed controls) liquid diet for 10 days. Microbiota-depleted mice were recolonized with intestinal microbiota from alcohol-fed or pair-fed (control) animals. Following recolonization groups of mice were sacrificed prior to and 48 hrs. post respiratory infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella lung burden, lung immunology and inflammation, as well as intestinal immunology, inflammation, and barrier damage were examined. Results showed that alcohol-associated susceptibility to K. pneumoniae is, in part, mediated by gut dysbiosis, as alcohol-naïve animals recolonized with a microbiota isolated from alcohol-fed mice had an increased respiratory burden of K. pneumoniae compared to mice recolonized with a control microbiota. The increased susceptibility in alcohol-dysbiosis recolonized animals was associated with an increase in pulmonary inflammatory cytokines, and a decrease in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the lung following Klebsiella infection but an increase in T-cell counts in the intestinal tract following Klebsiella infection, suggesting intestinal T-cell sequestration as a factor in impaired lung host defense. Mice recolonized with an alcohol-dysbiotic microbiota also had increased intestinal damage as measured by increased levels of serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein. Collectively, these results suggest that alterations in the intestinal immune response as a consequence of alcohol-induced dysbiosis contribute to increased host susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R. Samuelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Judd E. Shellito
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Vincent J. Maffei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Tague
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Eugene E. Blanchard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Martin J. J. Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - David A. Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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37
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Ehret T, Torelli F, Klotz C, Pedersen AB, Seeber F. Translational Rodent Models for Research on Parasitic Protozoa-A Review of Confounders and Possibilities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28638807 PMCID: PMC5461347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents, in particular Mus musculus, have a long and invaluable history as models for human diseases in biomedical research, although their translational value has been challenged in a number of cases. We provide some examples in which rodents have been suboptimal as models for human biology and discuss confounders which influence experiments and may explain some of the misleading results. Infections of rodents with protozoan parasites are no exception in requiring close consideration upon model choice. We focus on the significant differences between inbred, outbred and wild animals, and the importance of factors such as microbiota, which are gaining attention as crucial variables in infection experiments. Frequently, mouse or rat models are chosen for convenience, e.g., availability in the institution rather than on an unbiased evaluation of whether they provide the answer to a given question. Apart from a general discussion on translational success or failure, we provide examples where infections with single-celled parasites in a chosen lab rodent gave contradictory or misleading results, and when possible discuss the reason for this. We present emerging alternatives to traditional rodent models, such as humanized mice and organoid primary cell cultures. So-called recombinant inbred strains such as the Collaborative Cross collection are also a potential solution for certain challenges. In addition, we emphasize the advantages of using wild rodents for certain immunological, ecological, and/or behavioral questions. The experimental challenges (e.g., availability of species-specific reagents) that come with the use of such non-model systems are also discussed. Our intention is to foster critical judgment of both traditional and newly available translational rodent models for research on parasitic protozoa that can complement the existing mouse and rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totta Ehret
- FG16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Torelli
- FG16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany
| | - Christian Klotz
- FG16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany
| | - Amy B Pedersen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany
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38
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Alverdy JC, Luo JN. The Influence of Host Stress on the Mechanism of Infection: Lost Microbiomes, Emergent Pathobiomes, and the Role of Interkingdom Signaling. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:322. [PMID: 28303126 PMCID: PMC5332386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals constantly face stressful situations, be it extended periods of starvation, sleep deprivation from fear of predation, changing environmental conditions, or loss of habitat. Today, mammals are increasingly exposed to xenobiotics such as pesticides, pollutants, and antibiotics. Crowding conditions such as those created for the purposes of meat production from animals or those imposed upon humans living in urban environments or during world travel create new levels of physiologic stress. As such, human progress has led to an unprecedented exposure of both animals and humans to accidental pathogens (i.e., those that have not co-evolved with their hosts). Strikingly missing in models of infection pathogenesis are the various elements of these conditions, in particular host physiologic stress. The compensatory factors released in the gut during host stress have profound and direct effects on the metabolism and virulence of the colonizing microbiota and the emerging pathobiota. Here, we address unanswered questions to highlight the relevance and importance of incorporating host stress to the field of microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Alverdy
- Sarah and Harold Lincoln Thompson Professor of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James N Luo
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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