1
|
Kumar SAS, Krishnan D, Jothipandiyan S, Durai R, Hari BNV, Nithyanand P. Cell-free supernatants of probiotic consortia impede hyphal formation and disperse biofilms of vulvovaginal candidiasis causing Candida in an ex-vivo model. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:37. [PMID: 38367023 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection caused by drug-resistant Candida species that affects about 70-75% of reproductive age group women across the globe. As current-day antifungal drugs are ineffective against the biofilms formed by the drug-resistant Candida strains, several natural compounds and antagonistic microbes are being explored as alternative antifungal agents. In the present study, we investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) extracted from the commercially available probiotics VSL-3 against the biofilms of Candida species and also evaluated their efficacy in curbing the yeast-to-hyphal transition. Various methodologies like crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the effect of CFS against the biofilms formed by the species. The ability of CFS to interfere with yeast to hyphal transition in Candida was studied by colony morphology assay and visually confirmed with phase contrast microscopy. The potential of the CFS of the probiotics was also evaluated using goat buccal tissue, a novel ex-vivo model that mimics the vaginal environment. Moreover, the supernatant extracted from VSL-3 had the ability to down-regulate the expression of virulence genes of Candida from the biofilm formed over the ex-vivo model. These results emphasize the anti-fungal and anti-infective properties of the CFS of VSL-3 against drug-resistant Candida strains causing vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudaarsan Aruna Senthil Kumar
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Dhesiga Krishnan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Ramyadevi Durai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pacyga K, Pacyga P, Topola E, Viscardi S, Duda-Madej A. Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin as Natural Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2100. [PMID: 38396777 PMCID: PMC10889580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria underscores the need to search for innovative and nature-based solutions. One of the approaches may be the use of plants that constitute a rich source of miscellaneous compounds with a wide range of biological properties. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of seven bioactives and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. Special attention was focused on the antibacterial properties of berberine, catechin, chelerythrine, cinnamaldehyde, ellagic acid, proanthocyanidin, and sanguinarine against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growing interest in novel therapeutic strategies based on new plant-derived formulations was confirmed by the growing number of articles. Natural products are one of the most promising and intensively examined agents to combat the consequences of the overuse and misuse of classical antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pacyga
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pacyga
- Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Topola
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Szymon Viscardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deniz A, Karasu T, İdil N, Uzun L. Effects of propolis coating on antibacterial resistance of intrauterine devices. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:295-305. [PMID: 37982375 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2285323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are widely used in preventing fertilization as contracepting devices. In market, they are produced as T-shaped polyethylene (or propylene) and metal (especially copper) composites. Although the metal component is utilized to provide antibacterial efficacy, prolonged implantation and the presence of a wide range of bacteria flora in the intrauterine environment make IUDs susceptible to bacterial contamination, biofilm formation, and unpleasant infection. In the presented study, the propolis, a natural anti-bacterial/-viral product used for different biomedical applications, coating strategy was applied comparatively in three different ways: coating directly on metal components, coating on polymeric material, and using carrying polymer. In addition, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, E. coli) bacterial strains were investigated by both dynamic bacterial culture (bacterial inhibition activity) and biofilm (biofilm formation resistance) tests. As a result of 48 h of dynamic bacterial culture; it was determined that the antibacterial inhibition efficiency depending on propolis concentration increased up to 99.5% and 98.5% for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. In addition, the carrying polymer allows IUDs to cover surfaces more homogeneously, as well as improve antibacterial activity. Similarly; it was determined that biofilm formation resistance was improved by 44.33% for E. coli and by 45.99% for S. aureus with both the propolis concentration and the use of carrying polymer. As a result, it has been revealed that propolis will be classified as an alternative, promising, and effective coating agent for improving antibacterial properties and biofilm formation resistance of IUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alparslan Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkiye
| | - Tunca Karasu
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Neslihan İdil
- Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrando N, Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Lorca G, Terrado EM, Langa E. Enhancing Commercial Antibiotics with Trans-Cinnamaldehyde in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An In Vitro Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 38256746 PMCID: PMC10820649 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to mitigate the emergence of bacterial resistance involves reducing antibiotic doses by combining them with natural products, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). The objective of this research was to identify in vitro combinations (CIN + commercial antibiotic (ABX)) that decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 14 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, most of them classified as ESKAPE. MIC values were measured for all compounds using the broth microdilution method. The effect of the combinations on these microorganisms was analyzed through the checkboard assay to determine the type of activity (synergy, antagonism, or addition). This analysis was complemented with a kinetic study of the synergistic combinations. Fifteen synergistic combinations were characterized for nine of the tested bacteria. CIN demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the MIC of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin (94-98%) when tested on Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella aerogenes, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that when the substances were tested alone at the MIC concentration observed in the synergistic combination, bacterial growth was not inhibited. However, when CIN and the ABX, for which synergy was observed, were tested simultaneously in combination at these same concentrations, the bacterial growth inhibition was complete. This demonstrates the highly potent in vitro synergistic activity of CIN when combined with commercial ABXs. This finding could be particularly beneficial in livestock farming, as this sector witnesses the highest quantities of antimicrobial usage, contributing significantly to antimicrobial resistance issues. Further research focused on this natural compound is thus warranted for this reason.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrando
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - María Rosa Pino-Otín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Guillermo Lorca
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Eva María Terrado
- Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Facultad de Educación, Universisad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asraoui F, El Mansouri F, Cacciola F, Brigui J, Louajri A, Simonetti G. Biofilm Inhibition of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum L. Extracts Against Candida Infectious Pathogens and In Vivo Action on Galleria mellonella Model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300081. [PMID: 37612795 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing importance of fungal infections has fueled the search for new beneficial alternatives substance from plant extracts. The current study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum (L.) leaves extracts against Candida both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of planktonic and sessile Candida albicans and Candida glabrata growth using both leaf extracts are evaluated. Moreover; an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae; infected and treated with the extracts are performed. All extracts show fungicidal activity; with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 128 to 512 µg mL-1 against the two selected strains of Candida. In particular, the best results are obtained with methanolic extract of I. viscosa and G. alypum with an MFC value of 128 µg mL-1 . The extracts are capable to prevent 90% of biofilm development at minor concentrations ranging from 100.71 ± 2.49 µg mL-1 to 380.4 ± 0.92 µg mL-1 . In vivo, tests on Galleria mellonella larvae show that the extracts increase the survival of the larvae infected with Candida. The attained results reveal that I. viscosa and G. alypum extracts may be considered as new antifungal agents and biofilm inhibiting agents for the pharmaceutical and agro-food field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Asraoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, 93000, Morocco
| | - Fouad El Mansouri
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, B.P. 416, Tangier, 90000, Morocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Jamal Brigui
- Research Team: Materials, Environment and Sustainable Development (MEDD), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, B.P. 416, Tangier, 90000, Morocco
| | - Adnane Louajri
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, 93000, Morocco
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akshaya BS, Premraj K, Iswarya C, Muthusamy S, Ibrahim HIM, Khalil HE, Gunasekaran V, Vickram S, Senthil Kumar V, Palanisamy S, Thirugnanasambantham K. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023:106157. [PMID: 37268049 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of host innate immune response can severely harm host tissue. Thus, novel treatments are needed to prevent E. faecalis biofilm development and pathogenicity due to the worrisome rise in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics. The primary phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, has shown promising efficacy against a variety of infections. Here, we looked into how cinnamaldehyde affected the growth of biofilms, the activity of the enzyme gelatinase, and gene expression in E. faecalis. In addition, we looked at the influence of cinnamaldehyde on RAW264.7 macrophages' interaction with biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis in terms of intracellular bacterial clearance, NO generation, and macrophage migration in vitro. According to our research, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the biofilm formation potential of planktonic E. faecalis and gelatinase activity of the biofilm at non-lethal concentrations. The expression of the quorum sensing fsr locus and its downstream gene gelE in biofilms were also found to be significantly downregulated by cinnamaldehyde. Results also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde treatment increased NO production, intracellular bacterial clearance, and migration of RAW264.7 macrophages in presence of both biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis. Overall these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde has the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and modulate host innate immune response for better clearance of bacterial colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Sennammal Akshaya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Premraj
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Christian Iswarya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Biological Science College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Vaishnavi Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Venugopal Senthil Kumar
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, DOTE Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Palanisamy
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi P, Wang N, Zhang T, Feng Y, Zhou X, Zeng D, Meng J, Liu L, Jin L, Yang S. Anti-Virulence Strategy of Novel Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2897. [PMID: 36769220 PMCID: PMC9917773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-virulence strategies are attractive and interesting strategies for controlling bacterial diseases because virulence factors are fundamental to the infection process of numerous serious phytopathogenics. To extend the novel anti-virulence agents, a series of dehydroabietic acid (DAA) derivatives decorated with amino alcohol unit were semi-synthesized based on structural modification of the renewable natural DAA and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Compound 2b showed the most promising antibacterial activity against Xoo with an EC50 of 2.7 μg mL-1. Furthermore, compound 2b demonstrated remarkable control effectiveness against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, with values of 48.6% and 61.4% for curative and protective activities. In addition, antibacterial behavior suggested that compound 2b could suppress various virulence factors, including EPS, biofilm, swimming motility, and flagella. Therefore, the current study provided promising lead compounds for novel bactericides discovery by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figueiredo CSSES, de Oliveira PV, Saminez WFDS, Diniz RM, Mendonça JSP, Silva LDS, Paiva MYM, do Nascimento MDS, Aliança ASDS, Zagmignan A, Rodrigues JFS, Souza JCDS, Grisotto MAG, da Silva LCN. Immunomodulatory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031204. [PMID: 36770872 PMCID: PMC9921375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) is an essential-oil component with reported anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects, making it an interesting compound for the treatment of wound infection. Herein, we evaluated the effects of topical administration of CNM in experimental wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Swiss mice (n = 12/group) were randomly allocated into three groups (CON: animals with uninfected lesions; Sa: animals with untreated infected lesions; Sa + CNM: animals with infected wounds and treated with CNM). Excisional lesions (64 mm2) were induced at the dorsal area followed by the addition of S. aureus (80 μL of a 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL bacterial suspension). The wounds were treated with CNM (200 μg/wound/day) or vehicle (2% DMSO) for 10 days. Skin samples were taken on the 3rd or 10th treatment day for quantification of inflammatory mediators, bacterial load, immunophenotyping, and histological analysis. The treatment with CNM improved the healing process and attenuated the severity of skin lesions infected by S. aureus. These effects were associated with significant decreases in bacterial loads in CNM-treated wounds. The levels of neutrophils, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and VEGF were decreased in the lesions treated with CNM. Taken together, these data provide further evidence of the effectiveness of CNM for the treatment of skin infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Santos Silva e Silva Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (BIONORTE), São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseana Muniz Diniz
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (BIONORTE), São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Bao X, Bové M, Rigole P, Meng X, Su J, Coenye T. Antibiofilm Activities of Borneol-Citral-Loaded Pickering Emulsions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in Physiologically Relevant Chronic Infection Models. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0169622. [PMID: 36194139 PMCID: PMC9602683 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01696-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are promising antibacterials for the development of novel antibiofilm drugs, but their antibiofilm activity in physiologically relevant model systems is poorly characterized. As the host microenvironment can interfere with the activity of the phytochemicals, mimicking the complex environment found in biofilm associated infections is essential to predict the clinical potential of novel phytochemical-based antimicrobials. In the present study, we examined the antibiofilm activity of borneol, citral, and combinations of both as well as their Pickering emulsions against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vivo-like synthetic cystic fibrosis medium (SCFM2) model, an in vitro wound model (consisting of an artificial dermis and blood components at physiological levels), and an in vivo Galleria mellonella model. The Pickering emulsions demonstrated an enhanced biofilm inhibitory activity compared to both citral and the borneol/citral combination, reducing the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) values up to 2 to 4 times against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and 2 to 8 times against S. aureus P8-AE1 in SCMF2. In addition, citral, the combination borneol/citral, and their Pickering emulsions can completely eliminate the established biofilm of S. aureus P8-AE1. The effectiveness of Pickering emulsions was also demonstrated in the wound model with a reduction of up to 4.8 log units in biofilm formation by S. aureus Mu50. Furthermore, citral and Pickering emulsions exhibited a significant degree of protection against S. aureus infection in the G. mellonella model. The present findings reveal the potential of citral- or borneol/citral-based Pickering emulsions as a type of alternative antibiofilm candidate to control pathogenicity in chronic infection. IMPORTANCE There is clearly an urgent need for novel formulations with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, but while there are plenty of studies investigating them using simple in vitro systems, there is a lack of studies in which (combinations of) phytochemicals are evaluated in relevant models that closely resemble the in vivo situation. Here, we examined the antibiofilm activity of borneol, citral, and their combination as well as Pickering emulsions (stabilized by solid particles) of these compounds. Activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vitro models mimicking cystic fibrosis sputum and wounds as well as in an in vivo Galleria mellonella model. The Pickering emulsions showed drastically increased antibiofilm activity compared to that of the compounds as such in both in vitro models and protected G. mellonella larvae from S. aureus-induced killing. Our data show that Pickering emulsions from phytochemicals are potentially useful for treating specific biofilm-related chronic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Bao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mona Bové
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Rigole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed B, Jailani A, Lee JH, Lee J. Inhibition of growth, biofilm formation, virulence, and surface attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens by cinnamaldehyde derivatives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001865. [PMID: 36304952 PMCID: PMC9595724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil-borne, saprophytic plant pathogen that colonizes plant surfaces and induces tumors in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants by transferring and expressing its T-DNA genes. The limited availabilities and efficacies of current treatments necessitate the exploration of new anti-Agrobacterium agents. We examined the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CNMA) and its derivatives on the cell surface hydrophobicity, exopolysaccharide and exo-protease production, swimming motility on agar, and biofilm forming ability of A. tumefaciens. Based on initial biofilm inhibition results and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data, 4-nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMAs were further tested. 4-Nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMA at ≥150 μg/ml significantly inhibited biofilm formation by 94–99%. Similarly, biofilm formation on polystyrene or nylon was substantially reduced by 4-nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs as determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3-D spectrum plots. 4-Nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs induced cell shortening and concentration- and time-dependently reduced cell growth. Virulence factors were significantly and dose-dependently suppressed by 4-nitro and 4-chloro CNMAs (P ≤ 0.05). Gene expressional changes were greater after 4-nitro CNMA than t-CNMA treatment, as determined by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, some genes essential for biofilm formation, motility, and virulence genes significantly downregulated by 4-nitro CNMA. Seed germination of Raphanus sativus was not hindered by 4-nitro or 4-fluoro CNMA at concentrations ≤200 μg/ml, but root surface biofilm formation was severely inhibited. This study is the first to report the anti-Agrobacterium biofilm and anti-virulence effects of 4-nitro, 4-chloro, and 4-fluoro CNMAs and t-CNMA and indicates that they should be considered starting points for the development of anti-Agrobacterium agents.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver with Entrapped Cinnamaldehyde against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Galleria mellonella. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091924. [PMID: 36145672 PMCID: PMC9503582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs no emphasis. In this study, the in vitro stability, safety, and antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver-entrapped cinnamaldehyde (AgC) against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) were investigated. Further, the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of AgC against MDR-EAEC was also assessed in Galleria mellonella larval model. In brief, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed effective entrapment of cinnamaldehyde with nanosilver, and the loading efficiency was estimated to be 29.50 ± 0.56%. The AgC was of crystalline form as determined by the X-ray diffractogram with a mono-dispersed spherical morphology of 9.243 ± 1.83 nm in electron microscopy. AgC exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.008−0.016 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.008−0.032 mg/mL against MDR- EAEC strains. Furthermore, AgC was stable (high-end temperatures, proteases, cationic salts, pH, and host sera) and tested safe for sheep erythrocytes as well as secondary cell lines (RAW 264.7 and HEp-2) with no negative effects on the commensal gut lactobacilli. in vitro, time-kill assays revealed that MBC levels of AgC could eliminate MDR-EAEC infection in 120 min. In G. mellonella larvae, AgC (MBC values) increased survival, decreased MDR-EAEC counts (p < 0.001), had an enhanced immunomodulatory effect, and was tested safe to the host. These findings infer that entrapment enhanced the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and AgNPs, overcoming their limitations when used individually, indicating AgC as a promising alternative antimicrobial candidate. However, further investigation in appropriate animal models is required to declare its application against MDR pathogens.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gan RY, Li HB, Corke H, Yang H. Editorial: Discovery of novel plant-derived compounds with antibacterial actions against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, volume II. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1027679. [PMID: 36160255 PMCID: PMC9494815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1027679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Ren-You Gan
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Hongshun Yang
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim Y, Kim S, Cho KH, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm Activities of Cinnamaldehyde Analogs against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137225. [PMID: 35806244 PMCID: PMC9267110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation is a major cause of drug resistance and bacterial persistence; thus, controlling pathogenic biofilms is an important component of strategies targeting infectious bacterial diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effects of ten CNMA derivatives and trans-CNMA against Gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Among the CNMA analogs tested, 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde (4-nitroCNMA) showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against UPEC and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cell growth of 100 µg/mL, which were much more active than those of trans-CNMA. 4-NitroCNMA inhibited UPEC swimming motility, and both trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA reduced extracellular polymeric substance production by UPEC. Furthermore, 4-nitroCNMA inhibited the formation of mixed UPEC/S. aureus biofilms. Collectively, our observations indicate that trans-CNMA and 4-nitroCNMA potently inhibit biofilm formation by UPEC and S. aureus. We suggest efforts be made to determine the therapeutic scope of CNMA analogs, as our results suggest CNMA derivatives have potential therapeutic use for biofilm-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanghun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bioindustry, Andong 36618, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (Y.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-53-810-3812 (J.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2533 (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115958. [PMID: 35682632 PMCID: PMC9180976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages-(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal-and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2824-2838. [PMID: 35522168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ljoljić Bilić V, Gašić UM, Milojković-Opsenica D, Rimac H, Vuković Rodriguez J, Vlainić J, Brlek-Gorski D, Kosalec I. Antibacterial Fractions from Erodium cicutarium Exposed—Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Focus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040492. [PMID: 35453242 PMCID: PMC9027144 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Followed by a buildup of its phytochemical profile, Erodium cicutarium is being subjected to antimicrobial investigation guided with its ethnobotanical use. The results of performed in vitro screening on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans strains, show that E. cicutarium has antimicrobial activity, with a particular emphasis on clinical S. aureus strains—both the methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and the methicillin resistant (MRSA) S. aureus. Experimental design consisted of general methods (the serial microdilution broth assay and the agar well diffusion assay), as well as observing bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity through time (the “time-kill” assay), investigating the effect on cell wall integrity and biofilm formation, and modulation of bacterial hemolysis. Observed antibacterial activity from above-described methods led to further activity-guided fractionation of water and methanol extracts using bioautography coupled with UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS4. It was determined that active fractions are predominantly formed by gallic acid derivatives and flavonol glycosides. Among the most active phytochemicals, galloyl-shikimic acid was identified as the most abundant compound. These results point to a direct connection between galloyl-shikimic acid and the observed E. cicutarium antibacterial activity, and open several new research approaches for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Ljoljić Bilić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Uroš M. Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Hrvoje Rimac
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
| | | | - Josipa Vlainić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Diana Brlek-Gorski
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller Str. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.B.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1639-4492
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion on the microbiological property of sausage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Zheng J, Shang Y, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Lin Z, Li P, Sun X, Xu G, Wen Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xiong Y, Deng Q, Qu D, Yu Z. Loratadine inhibits Staphylococcus aureus virulence and biofilm formation. iScience 2022; 25:103731. [PMID: 35098100 PMCID: PMC8783127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no anti-virulence and anti-biofilm treatments for Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that 25 μM loratadine inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation under static or flow-based conditions. Testing of loratadine effects on 255 clinical S. aureus strains with varying biofilm robustness showed inhibition of biofilm formation in medium and strong, but not weak, biofilm-producing strains. At 25 μM, loratadine reduced pigmentation and hemolysis of the bacteria without affecting growth. Loratadine (5 mg/kg) reduced mortality in S. aureus pulmonary infection model mice and acted synergistically with vancomycin to reduce pulmonary bacterial load and levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Loratadine analogues (side-chain carbamate moiety changed) inhibited biofilm formation, pigmentation, and hemolysis of S. aureus. Regarding mechanism, loratadine exposure reduced RNA levels of virulence-related S. aureus genes, and loratadine-induced mutations in MgrA reduced loratadine-MgrA binding. Overexpression of mutated mgrA in wild-type S. aureus decreased the biofilm formation inhibition effect of loratadine. Loratadine inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation under static or flow conditions Loratadine reduced mortality in S. aureus pulmonary infection model mice Loratadine synergistically with vancomycin reduced pulmonary bacterial load Loratadine-induced mutations in MgrA reduced loratadine-MgrA binding
Collapse
|
19
|
Ménard G, Rouillon A, Cattoir V, Donnio PY. Galleria mellonella as a Suitable Model of Bacterial Infection: Past, Present and Future. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:782733. [PMID: 35004350 PMCID: PMC8727906 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.782733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest for Galleria mellonella larvae as an infection model is evidenced by the number of papers reporting its use, which increases exponentially since the early 2010s. This popularity was initially linked to limitation of conventional animal models due to financial, technical and ethical aspects. In comparison, alternative models (e.g. models using Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster or G. mellonella) were cheap, simple to use and not limited by ethical regulation. Since then, similar results have been established with G. mellonella model comparatively to vertebrates, and it is more and more often used as a robust model per se, not only as an alternative to the murine model. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge supporting the development of this model, both on immunological and microbiological aspects. For that, we focus on investigation of virulence and new therapies for the most important pathogenic bacteria. We also discuss points out directions for standardization, as well as recent advances and new perspectives for monitoring host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ménard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Rouillon
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Donnio
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine (BRM), service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière (SB2H), UMR_S 1230, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pang D, Huang Z, Li Q, Wang E, Liao S, Li E, Zou Y, Wang W. Antibacterial Mechanism of Cinnamaldehyde: Modulation of Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylglycerol in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13628-13636. [PMID: 34739242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a natural antimicrobial food preservative. Previous studies have suggested that cinnamaldehyde interacts with the cell membrane, but the molecular targets of cinnamaldehyde action on foodborne pathogens are still unclear. In this study, the structural changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells were observed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Then, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and parallel reaction monitoring were used for determining the effects of cinnamaldehyde treatment of these bacteria on the expression of genes and proteins associated with glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Changes in fatty acids (raw materials for the biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids) and glycerophospholipids in S. aureus and E. coli after cinnamaldehyde treatment were analyzed to confirm the results of gene and protein expression experiments. Cinnamaldehyde regulated the glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathways of these foodborne pathogens, mainly targeting phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, which resulted in the disruption of cell membrane integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daorui Pang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Erpei Wang
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla 92037, California, United States
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Erna Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dos Santos VR, Caiaffa KS, Oliveira WCD, Pereira JA, Abuna GF, Polaquini CR, Regasini LO, Guiotti AM, Duque C. Cytotoxicity and effects of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde hybrids on biofilms of oral pathogens. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:591-605. [PMID: 34210215 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1942859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and effect of curcumin-cinnamaldehyde hybrids (CCHs) on the biofilm of oral pathogens. Of the 18 hybrids tested, nine had an inhibitory effect on at least one of the bacterial species tested, with minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations ranging from 9 to 625 μg ml-1. CCH 7 promoted a potent inhibitory effect against all the bacterial species tested and better compatibility than chlorhexidine (CHX). CCH 7 also presented a similar or improved effect over that of CHX, causing a reduction in bacterial metabolism and viability in single and dual-species biofilms. CCH 7 reduced by 86% and 34% the viability of multispecies biofilms formed by collection and clinical strains. It can be concluded that CCH 7 was cytocompatible at the minimal inhibitory concentration, presented anti-biofilm action against oral pathogens, and could act as an antimicrobial agent for application in endodontics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aimée Maria Guiotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biosurfactant synergized with marine bacterial DNase disrupts polymicrobial biofilms. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:831-842. [PMID: 34169451 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the occurrence of biofilm associated infection has become an alarming menace to the medical fraternity because the thick exopolysaccharide layer encasing the biofilms makes the biofilm producing pathogens inherently resistant to antibiotics. Candida albicans, the most common pathogen among Candida spp. is the causative agent for superficial and invasive candidiasis. The morphological phase switching from yeast to hyphal form is one of the virulent traits of C. albicans critical for its pathogenicity. Owing to the emergence of antifungal resistance among this opportunistic fungus, there is a dire need for improvised alternative antifungal agents. In the present study, we have evaluated a biosurfactant from a marine bacterium for its biofilm disruption ability against C. albicans. This biosurfactant had the potential to disrupt biofilms as well as to inhibit the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae. In addition, this biosurfactant showed enhance disruption of mixed species biofilms of C. albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis when combined with DNase isolated from marine bacteria. From the results obtained, it is evident that the biosurfactant could act as a potential antibiofilm agent against drug resistant C. albicans strains.
Collapse
|
23
|
Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Attenuates Enterococcus faecalis Virulence and Inhibits Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060702. [PMID: 34208134 PMCID: PMC8230787 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis as an important nosocomial pathogen is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, urinary tract, and persistent root canal infections. Its major virulence attributes (biofilm formation, production of proteases, and hemolytic toxins) enable it to cause extensive host tissue damage. With the alarming increase in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics, novel therapeutics are required to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and virulence. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), the main phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, has demonstrated promising activity against a wide range of pathogens. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effect of TC on planktonic growth, biofilm formation, proteolytic and hemolytic activities, as well as gene regulation in E. faecalis. Our findings revealed that sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC reduced biofilm formation, biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as its proteolytic and hemolytic activities. Mechanistic studies revealed significant downregulation of the quorum sensing fsr locus and downstream gelE, which are major virulence regulators in E. faecalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of TC to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and its virulence.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ménard G, Rouillon A, Ghukasyan G, Emily M, Felden B, Donnio PY. Galleria mellonella Larvae as an Infection Model to Investigate sRNA-Mediated Pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:631710. [PMID: 33954118 PMCID: PMC8089379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in bacterial regulatory networks. Monitoring their expression inside living colonized or infected organisms is essential for identifying sRNA functions, but few studies have looked at sRNA expression during host infection with bacterial pathogens. Insufficient in vivo studies monitoring sRNA expression attest to the difficulties in collecting such data, we therefore developed a non-mammalian infection model using larval Galleria mellonella to analyze the roles of Staphylococcus aureus sRNAs during larval infection and to quickly determine possible sRNA involvement in staphylococcal virulence before proceeding to more complicated animal testing. We began by using the model to test infected larvae for immunohistochemical evidence of infection as well as host inflammatory responses over time. To monitor sRNA expression during infection, total RNAs were extracted from the larvae and invading bacteria at different time points. The expression profiles of the tested sRNAs were distinct and they fluctuated over time, with expression of both sprD and sprC increased during infection and associated with mortality, while rnaIII expression remained barely detectable over time. A strong correlation was observed between sprD expression and the mortality. To confirm these results, we used sRNA-knockout mutants to investigate sRNA involvement in Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis, finding that the decrease in death rates is delayed when either sprD or sprC was lacking. These results demonstrate the relevance of this G. mellonella model for investigating the role of sRNAs as transcriptional regulators involved in staphylococcal virulence. This insect model provides a fast and easy method for monitoring sRNA (and mRNA) participation in S. aureus pathogenesis, and can also be used for other human bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ménard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, BRM [Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine], SB2H (service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière), UMR_S 1230, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Rouillon
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine), UMR_S 1230, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gevorg Ghukasyan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT (Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes), UMS 3480, US_S018, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Emily
- Institut Agro, CNRS, Univ Rennes, IRMAR (Institut de recherche Mathématique de Rennes), UMR 6625, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Brice Felden
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, BRM (Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine), UMR_S 1230, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Donnio
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, BRM [Bacterial Regulatory RNAs and Medicine], SB2H (service de Bactériologie Hygiène-Hospitalière), UMR_S 1230, F-35000, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
New Insights into the Antimicrobial Action of Cinnamaldehyde towards Escherichia coli and Its Effects on Intestinal Colonization of Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020302. [PMID: 33670478 PMCID: PMC7922552 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is responsible for cases of diarrhea around the world, and some studies have shown the benefits of cinnamaldehyde in the treatment of bacterial disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde in mice colonized by pathogenic E. coli, as well as to provide more insights into its antimicrobial action mechanism. After determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations, the interference of cinnamaldehyde in macromolecular pathways (synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein, and cell wall) was measured by incorporation of radioisotopes. The anti-adhesive properties of cinnamaldehyde towards E. coli 042 were evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells. Intestinal colonization was tested on mice, and the effect of cinnamaldehyde on Tenebrio molitor larvae. Cinnamaldehyde showed MIC and MBC values of 780 μg/mL and 1560 μg/mL, respectively; reduced the adhesion of E. coli 042 on HEp-2 cells; and affected all the synthetic pathways evaluated, suggesting that compost impairs the membrane/cell wall structure leading bacteria to total collapse. No effect on the expression of genes related to the SOS pathway (sulA and dinB1) was observed. The compound did not interfere with cell viability and was not toxic against T. molitor larvae. In addition, cinnamaldehyde-treated mice exhibited lower levels of colonization by E. coli 042 than the untreated group. Therefore, the results show that cinnamaldehyde is effective in treating the pathogenic E. coli strain 042 and confirm it as a promising lead molecule for the development of antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hesketh-Best PJ, Mouritzen MV, Shandley-Edwards K, Billington RA, Upton M. Galleria mellonella larvae exhibit a weight-dependent lethal median dose when infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6121426. [PMID: 33503238 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galleria mellonella is a recognised model to study antimicrobial efficacy; however, standardisation across the scientific field and investigations of methodological components are needed. Here, we investigate the impact of weight on mortality following infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Larvae were separated into six weight groups (180-300 mg at 20 mg intervals) and infected with a range of doses of MRSA to determine the 50% lethal dose (LD50), and the 'lipid weight' of larvae post-infection was quantified. A model of LD50 values correlated with weight was developed. The LD50 values, as estimated by our model, were further tested in vivo to prove our model. We establish a weight-dependent LD50 in larvae against MRSA and demonstrate that G. mellonella is a stable model within 180-260 mg. We present multiple linear models correlating weight with: LD50, lipid weight, and larval length. We demonstrate that the lipid weight is reduced as a result of MRSA infection, identifying a potentially new measure in which to understand the immune response. Finally, we demonstrate that larval length can be a reasonable proxy for weight. Refining the methodologies in which to handle and design experiments involving G. mellonella, we can improve the reliability of this powerful model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poppy J Hesketh-Best
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Michelle V Mouritzen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK
| | - Kayleigh Shandley-Edwards
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard A Billington
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mathew Upton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth, PL6 8BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Piatek M, Sheehan G, Kavanagh K. UtilisingGalleria mellonella larvae for studying in vivo activity of conventional and novel antimicrobial agents. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5917982. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe immune response of insects displays many structural and functional similarities to the innate immune response of mammals. As a result of these conserved features, insects may be used for evaluating microbial virulence or for testing the in vivo efficacy and toxicity of antimicrobial compounds and results show strong similarities to those from mammals. Galleria mellonella larvae are widely used in this capacity and have the advantage of being easy to use, inexpensive to purchase and house, and being free from the ethical and legal restrictions that relate to the use of mammals in these tests. Galleria mellonella larvae may be used to assess the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of novel antimicrobial compounds. A wide range of antibacterial and antifungal therapies have been evaluated in G. mellonella larvae and results have informed subsequent experiments in mammals. While insect larvae are a convenient and reproducible model to use, care must be taken in their use to ensure accuracy of results. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the use of G. mellonella larvae for assessing the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Piatek
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Gerard Sheehan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Monteiro-Neto V, de Souza CD, Gonzaga LF, da Silveira BC, Sousa NCF, Pontes JP, Santos DM, Martins WC, Pessoa JFV, Carvalho Júnior AR, Almeida VSS, de Oliveira NMT, de Araújo TS, Maria-Ferreira D, Mendes SJF, Ferro TAF, Fernandes ES. Cuminaldehyde potentiates the antimicrobial actions of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232987. [PMID: 32407399 PMCID: PMC7224478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are important agents of urinary tract infections that can often evolve to severe infections. The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has driven the search for novel therapies to replace the use or act as adjuvants of antibiotics. In this context, plant-derived compounds have been widely investigated. Cuminaldehyde is suggested as the major antimicrobial compound of the cumin seed essential oil. However, this effect is not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the in silico and in vitro activities of cuminaldehyde, as well as its ability to potentiate ciprofloxacin effects against S. aureus and E. coli. In silico analyses were performed by using different computational tools. The PASS online and SwissADME programmes were used for the prediction of biological activities and oral bioavailability of cuminaldehyde. For analysis of the possible toxic effects and the theoretical pharmacokinetic parameters of the compound, the Osiris, SwissADME and PROTOX programmes were used. Estimations of cuminaldehyde gastrointestinal absorption, blood brain barrier permeability and skin permeation by using SwissADME; and drug likeness and score by using Osiris, were also evaluated The in vitro antimicrobial effects of cuminaldehyde were determined by using microdilution, biofilm formation and time-kill assays. In silico analysis indicated that cuminaldehyde may act as an antimicrobial and as a membrane permeability enhancer. It was suggested to be highly absorbable by the gastrointestinal tract and likely to cross the blood brain barrier. Also, irritative and harmful effects were predicted for cuminaldehyde if swallowed at its LD50. Good oral bioavailability and drug score were also found for this compound. Cuminaldehyde presented antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects against S. aureus and E. coli.. When co-incubated with ciprofloxacin, it enhanced the antibiotic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm actions. We suggest that cuminaldehyde may be useful as an adjuvant therapy to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus and E. coli-induced infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna C. da Silveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deivid M. Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Natália M. T. de Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago A. F. Ferro
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ESF); (TAFF)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ESF); (TAFF)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dhara L, Tripathi A. Sub-acute toxicological and behavioural effects of two candidate therapeutics, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, for treatment of ESBL producing-quinolone resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:977-988. [PMID: 32027395 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Present study deals with evaluation of antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against both extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and quinolone resistant (QR) (ESBL-QR) pathogenic Enterobactericeae along with determination of its in vivo toxicity level in a murine model to investigate their pharmacological potential. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EG) and traditional antibiotics against ESBL-QR Enterobactericeae. Sub-acute oral toxicity study (14 days) was carried out in Swiss albino mice to evaluate any toxicological and behavioural effect viz novelty suppressed feeding (NSF), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and social interaction test of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol demonstrated mode-MIC of 7.28 and 7.34 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Escherichia coli (32.1%) and 0.91 and 3.67 μg/mL among maximum numbers of Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.2%) isolates, respectively. For haematological and toxicological analyses, after 14 days of oral administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.91-10 mg/kg) and eugenol (7.34-70 mg/kg), blood was collected from the murine model, while histological examinations were performed on liver and kidney. There was no alteration in food and water intake among treated animals. Toxicological and behavioural studies displayed good safety profiles of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. The results indicated potential antibacterial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol against pathogenic ESBL-QR Enterobacteriaceae, without any significant toxicological and behavioural effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dhara
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kot B, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I, Witeska M. Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010102. [PMID: 31877837 PMCID: PMC6981724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
|
31
|
de Souza Feitosa Lima IM, Zagmignan A, Santos DM, Maia HS, Dos Santos Silva L, da Silva Cutrim B, Vieira SL, Bezerra Filho CM, de Sousa EM, Napoleão TH, Krogfelt KA, Løbner-Olesen A, Paiva PMG, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has anti-infective action and modulates the response of Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18159. [PMID: 31796807 PMCID: PMC6890730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases. Here we examined the antimicrobial effects of the lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (SteLL) against S. aureus using in vitro assays and an infection model based on Galleria mellonella larvae. The actions of SteLL on mice macrophages and S. aureus-infected macrophages were also evaluated. SteLL at 16 µg/mL (8 × MIC) increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impairs cell division. Unlike ciprofloxacin, SteLL did not induce the expression of recA, crucial for DNA repair through SOS response. The antimicrobial action of SteLL was partially inhibited by 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine. SteLL reduced staphyloxathin production and increased ciprofloxacin activity towards S. aureus. This lectin also improved the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, SteLL induced the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α), nitric oxide and superoxide anion by macrophagens. The lectin improved the bactericidal action of macrophages towards S. aureus; while the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ was downregulated in infected macrophages. These evidences suggest SteLL as important lead molecule in the development of anti-infective agents against S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programas de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Viral and Microbial Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cutuli MA, Petronio Petronio G, Vergalito F, Magnifico I, Pietrangelo L, Venditti N, Di Marco R. Galleria mellonella as a consolidated in vivo model hosts: New developments in antibacterial strategies and novel drug testing. Virulence 2019; 10:527-541. [PMID: 31142220 PMCID: PMC6550544 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1621649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A greater ethical conscience, new global rules and a modified perception of ethical consciousness entail a more rigorous control on utilizations of vertebrates for in vivo studies. To cope with this new scenario, numerous alternatives to rodents have been proposed. Among these, the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella had a preponderant role, especially in the microbiological field, as demonstrated by the growing number of recent scientific publications. The reasons for its success must be sought in its peculiar characteristics such as the innate immune response mechanisms and the ability to grow at a temperature of 37°C. This review aims to describe the most relevant features of G. mellonella in microbiology, highlighting the most recent and relevant research on antibacterial strategies, novel drug tests and toxicological studies. Although solutions for some limitations are required, G. mellonella has all the necessary host features to be a consolidated in vivo model host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Irene Magnifico
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hua X, Jia Y, Yang Q, Zhang W, Dong Z, Liu S. Transcriptional Analysis of the Effects of Gambogic Acid and Neogambogic Acid on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31572177 PMCID: PMC6753875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a major threat to human health, as this bacterium has developed resistance to a variety of conventional antibiotics. This is especially true of MRSA biofilms, which not only exhibit enhanced pathogenicity but also are resistant to most antibiotics. In this work, we demonstrated that two natural products with antitumor activity, namely, gambogic acid (GA) and neogambogic acid (NGA), have significant inhibitory activity toward MRSA. GA and NGA can not only effectively inhibit planktonic MRSA strains in vivo and in vitro, but also have strong inhibitory effects on MRSA biofilms formation. By transcriptome sequencing, Q-RT-PCR and PRM, we found that GA and NGA could reduce the expression of S. aureus virulence factors by inhibiting the saeRS two-component, thus achieving inhibition of MRSA. We found that GA and NGA had anti-MRSA activity in vivo and in vitro and identified saeRS to be the target, indicating that saeRS inhibitors may be used to treat biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Dong
- Innovation Team of Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control, Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
das Chagas Almeida A, Azevedo Rodrigues L, dos Santos Paulino G, Pereira Aguilar A, Andrade Almeida A, Olavo Ferreira S, Brandão GC, Viana Leite JP, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A. Prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction from Maclura tinctoria shows biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus and protects Galleria mellonella larvae from bacterial infection. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31357964 PMCID: PMC6664575 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Atlantic Forest biome extends along the entire Brazilian coast and is home to approximately 20,000 plant species, many of which are endemic; it is considered one of the hotspot regions of the planet. Several of these species are sources of natural products with biological activities that are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 90 extracts derived from native Atlantic Forest tree species against Staphylococcus aureus, an important human and veterinary pathogen. METHODS Extracts from native Atlantic Forest tree species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus by in vitro standard methods. Phytochemical fractionation of the extract from Maclura tinctoria was performed by liquid-liquid partitioning. LC-DAD-ESI-MS was used for identification of constituents in the most active fraction. Damage of cells and alterations in the permeability of cell membrane were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and crystal violet uptake assay, respectively. In vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus with survival data collected using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among the organic or aqueous extracts tested here, 26 showed biological activity. Eight species showed relevant results, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) below 1 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was registered for three species for the first time. An organic extract from Maclura tinctoria leaves showed the lowest MIC (0.08 mg/mL). Fractionation of this extract by liquid-liquid partitioning led to obtaining fraction 11FO d with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL. This fraction showed strong activity against veterinary S. aureus isolates and contributed to the increased survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus ATCC 29213. The bacterial surface was not altered by the presence of 11FO d, and no cell membrane damage was detected. The LC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses identified prenylated flavonoids as the major constituents responsible for the antibacterial activity of this active extract. CONCLUSION A fraction enriched in prenylated isoflavones and flavanones from M. tinctoria showed in vitro and in vivo efficacy as antistaphylococcal agents. These findings justify the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wińska K, Mączka W, Łyczko J, Grabarczyk M, Czubaszek A, Szumny A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents-Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112130. [PMID: 31195752 PMCID: PMC6612361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbs and the essential oils derived from them have been used from the beginning of human history for different purposes. Their beneficial properties have been applied to mask unpleasant odors, attract the attention of other people, add flavor and aroma properties to prepared dishes, perfumes, and cosmetics, etc. Herbs and essential oils (EOs) have also been used in medicine because of their biological properties, such as larvicidal action, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant, fungicide, and antitumor activities, and many more. Many EOs exhibit antimicrobial properties, which is extremely important in fields of science and industry, such as medicine, agriculture, or cosmetology. Among the 250 EOs which are commercially available, about a dozen possess high antimicrobial potential. According to available papers and patents, EOs seem to be a potential alternative to synthetic compounds, especially because of the resistance that has been increasingly developed by pathogenic microorganisms. In this review we summarize the latest research studies about the most-active EOs that are known and used because of their antimicrobial properties. Finally, it is noteworthy that the antimicrobial activities of EOs are not preeminent for all strains. Further investigations should, thus, focus on targeting EOs and microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wińska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wanda Mączka
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Grabarczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Czubaszek
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Souza dos Santos B, Bezerra Filho CM, Alves do Nascimento Junior JA, Brust FR, Bezerra-Silva PC, Lino da Rocha SK, Krogfelt KA, Maria do Amaral Ferraz Navarro D, Tereza dos Santos Correia M, Napoleão TH, Nascimento da Silva LC, Macedo AJ, Vanusa da Silva M, Guedes Paiva PM. Anti-staphylococcal activity of Syagrus coronata essential oil: Biofilm eradication and in vivo action on Galleria mellonela infection model. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
37
|
Ferreira EO, Mendes INVF, Monteiro SG, Crosara KTB, Siqueira WL, de Maria Pedroso Silva de Azevedo C, Moffa EB, de Andrade Monteiro C. Virulence properties and sensitivity profile of Candida parapsilosis complex species and Kodamaea ohmeri isolates from onychomycosis of HIV/AIDS patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:282-292. [PMID: 31082527 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal infections include onychomycosis, an infection of the nail that affects both healthy and immunocompromised patients. This study investigated the in vitro hydrolytic enzymes production, adhesion and biofilm formation capacity of Candida parapsilosis complex species and Kodamaea ohmeri isolates from onychomycoses of HIV/AIDS patients and also established the antifungal sensitivity profiles of these isolates. Onychomycosis in HIV/AIDS patients showed a high prevalence of emerging yeasts, among which C. parapsilosis complex species and K. ohmeri were the most frequent. Three C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and two C. orthopsilosis isolates were resistant to amphotericin B and 83% of isolates were resistant to terbinafine. All three different species evaluated were proteinase and hemolysin producers. All isolates adhered to stainless steel and siliconized latex surfaces, and carbohydrates intensified adhesion of all isolates. Isolates adhered to keratinous nail and 50% formed biofilms with strong intensity. In multispecies or polymicrobial biofilms, C. albicans and Staphylococcus aureus regulated the biofilm formation of the analyzed species, decreasing the number of their cells in biofilms. The isolation of emerging yeast species from onychomycosis which are great producers of hydrolytic enzymes and with high adhesion and biofilm formation capacity is a result that should be considered relevant in clinical practice. In addition, half of the isolates was resistant to at least one of the tested antifungals. Taken together these data corroborate the infectious capacity and viability of these isolates under favorable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Sílvio Gomes Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Karla Tonelli Bicalho Crosara
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Luiz Siqueira
- School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eduardo Buozi Moffa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil; School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina de Andrade Monteiro
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada, Programa de Mestrado em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Instituto Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carvalho Junior AR, Martins ALDB, Cutrim BDS, Santos DM, Maia HS, Silva MSMD, Zagmignan A, Silva MRC, Monteiro CDA, Guilhon GMSP, Cantanhede Filho AJ, Nascimento da Silva LC. Betulinic Acid Prevents the Acquisition of Ciprofloxacin-Mediated Mutagenesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091757. [PMID: 31067626 PMCID: PMC6539033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of damage on bacterial DNA (mediated by antibiotics, for example) is intimately associated with the activation of the SOS system. This pathway is related to the development of mutations that might result in the acquisition and spread of resistance and virulence factors. The inhibition of the SOS response has been highlighted as an emerging resource, in order to reduce the emergence of drug resistance and tolerance. Herein, we evaluated the ability of betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived triterpenoid, to reduce the activation of the SOS response and its associated phenotypic alterations, induced by ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. BA did not show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC > 5000 µg/mL), however, it (at 100 and 200 µg/mL) was able to reduce the expression of recA induced by ciprofloxacin. This effect was accompanied by an enhancement of the ciprofloxacin antimicrobial action and reduction of S. aureus cell volume (as seen by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). BA could also increase the hyperpolarization of the S. aureus membrane, related to the ciprofloxacin action. Furthermore, BA inhibited the progress of tolerance and the mutagenesis induced by this drug. Taken together, these findings indicate that the betulinic acid is a promising lead molecule in the development helper drugs. These compounds may be able to reduce the S. aureus mutagenicity associated with antibiotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deivid Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
| | - Hermerson Sousa Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
| | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075-120, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rossoni RD, Ribeiro FDC, dos Santos HFS, dos Santos JD, Oliveira NDS, Dutra MTDS, de Lapena SAB, Junqueira JC. Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
40
|
Ferro TAF, Souza EB, Suarez MAM, Rodrigues JFS, Pereira DMS, Mendes SJF, Gonzaga LF, Machado MCAM, Bomfim MRQ, Calixto JB, Arbiser JL, Monteiro-Neto V, André E, Fernandes ES. Topical Application of Cinnamaldehyde Promotes Faster Healing of Skin Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081627. [PMID: 31027179 PMCID: PMC6515316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing can be delayed following colonization and infection with the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While multiple therapies are used for their treatment, these are ineffective, expensive, and labour-intensive. Thus, there is an enormous unmet need for the treatment of infected wounds. Cinnamaldehyde, the major component of cinnamon oil, is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Herein, we investigated the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. We also assessed its healing potential in P. aeruginosa-infected mouse skin wounds and the mechanisms involved in this response. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde reduced P. aeruginosa metabolic rate and its ability to form biofilm and to cause haemolysis. Daily topical application of cinnamaldehyde on P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds reduced tissue bacterial load and promoted faster healing. Lower interleukin-17 (IL-17), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide levels were detected in cinnamaldehyde-treated wound samples. Blockage of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, the pharmacological target of cinnamaldehyde, abrogated its healing activity and partially reversed the inhibitory actions of this compound on VEGF and IL-17 generation. We suggest that topical application of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde may represent an interesting approach to improve the healing of P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A F Ferro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eliene B Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Mariela A M Suarez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - João F S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Saulo J F Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Laoane F Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria R Q Bomfim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
| | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos-CIEnP, Florianópolis 88056-000, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology and Veterans Administration Medical Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, NY 30322, USA.
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil.
| | - Eunice André
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Andrea A, Krogfelt KA, Jenssen H. Methods and Challenges of Using the Greater Wax Moth ( Galleria mellonella) as a Model Organism in Antimicrobial Compound Discovery. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7030085. [PMID: 30893839 PMCID: PMC6463077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among non-mammalian infection model organisms, the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have seen increasing popularity in recent years. Unlike other invertebrate models, these larvae can be incubated at 37 °C and can be dosed relatively precisely. Despite the increasing number of publications describing the use of this model organism, there is a high variability with regard to how the model is produced in different laboratories, with respect to larva size, age, origin, storage, and rest periods, as well as dosing for infection and treatment. Here, we provide suggestions regarding how some of these factors can be approached, to facilitate the comparability of studies between different laboratories. We introduce a linear regression curve correlating the total larva weight to the liquid volume in order to estimate the in vivo concentration of pathogens and the administered drug concentration. Finally, we discuss several other aspects, including in vivo antibiotic stability in larvae, the infection doses for different pathogens and suggest guidelines for larvae selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Andrea
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
- Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens that is responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to endocarditis and sepsis. In recent decades, the treatment of staphylococcal infections has become increasingly difficult as the prevalence of multi-drug resistant strains continues to rise. With increasing mortality rates and medical costs associated with drug resistant strains, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. Many innovative strategies for alternative drug development are being pursued, including disruption of biofilms, inhibition of virulence factor production, bacteriophage-derived antimicrobials, anti-staphylococcal vaccines, and light-based therapies. While many compounds and methods still need further study to determine their feasibility, some are quickly approaching clinical application and may be available in the near future.
Collapse
|
43
|
Patel P, Joshi C, Kothari V. Antipathogenic Potential of a Polyherbal Wound-Care Formulation (Herboheal) against Certain Wound-Infective Gram-Negative Bacteria. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:1739868. [PMID: 30833966 PMCID: PMC6369513 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1739868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated antipathogenic efficacy of a polyherbal wound-healing formulation Herboheal against three multidrug-resistant strains of gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with wound infections. Herboheal was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against three different human-pathogenic bacteria, first in vitro through the broth dilution assay and then in vivo in the model host Caenorhabditis elegans. Herboheal at ≥0.1% v/v was able to inhibit (19-55%) in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in all these bacteria and seemed to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing by acting as a signal-response inhibitor. This formulation could compromise haemolytic activity of all three bacteria by ∼18-69% and induced their catalase activity by ∼8-21%. Herboheal inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation up to 40%, reduced surface hydrophobicity of P. aeruginosa cells by ∼9%, and also made them (25%) more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of all three bacteria was modulated owing to pretreatment with Herboheal. Exposure of these test pathogens to Herboheal (≥0.025% v/v) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on the Herboheal-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to Herboheal in this mischievous pathogen, and this polyherbal extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa, wherein virulence of the Herboheal-unexposed daughter cultures, of the Herboheal-exposed parent culture, was also found to be attenuated. Overall, this study indicates Herboheal formulation to be an effective antipathogenic preparation and validates its indicated traditional therapeutic use as a wound-care formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Joshi C, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-infective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum peel against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. F1000Res 2019; 8:70. [PMID: 30828441 PMCID: PMC6392158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17430.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Punica granatum extracts have been prescribed in traditional medicine for management of a variety of disease conditions including microbial infections. Generation of scientific evidence for validation of P. granatum peel extract's anti-pathogenic efficacy is required. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum peel (PGPE), prepared by microwave assisted extraction method was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against two different human-pathogenic bacteria viz. Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: This extract was able to modulate in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in both these test bacteria at ≥5 μg/ml. Virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation were negatively affected by the test extract, and it also made P. aeruginosa more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of both test bacteria was modulated owing to pre-treatment with PGPE. Exposure of these test pathogens to PGPE (≥0.5 μg/ml) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on PGPE-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to PGPE in this notorious pathogen, and this extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa. Individual constituent phytocompounds of PGPE were found to be less efficacious than the whole extract. PGPE seemed to interfere with the signal-response machinery of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. PGPE also exhibited notable prebiotic potential by promoting growth of probiotic strains- Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum at ≤50 μg/ml. Conclusions: This study indicates PGPE to be an effective antipathogenic and prebiotic preparation, and validates its therapeutic use mentioned in traditional medicine. This study also emphasizes the need for testing any bioactive extract at broadest possible concentration range, particularly in vivo, so that an accurate picture of dose-response relationship can emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Joshi C, Patel P, Kothari V. Anti-infective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum peel against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. F1000Res 2019; 8:70. [PMID: 30828441 PMCID: PMC6392158 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17430.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Punica granatum extracts have been prescribed in traditional medicine for management of a variety of disease conditions including microbial infections. Generation of scientific evidence for validation of P. granatum peel extract's anti-pathogenic efficacy is required. Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of P. granatum peel (PGPE), prepared by microwave assisted extraction method was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against two different human-pathogenic bacteria viz. Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: This extract was able to modulate in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in both these test bacteria at ≥5 μg/ml. Virulence traits of P. aeruginosa like haemolytic activity, and biofilm formation were negatively affected by the test extract, and it also made P. aeruginosa more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of both test bacteria was modulated owing to pre-treatment with PGPE. Exposure of these test pathogens to PGPE (≥0.5 μg/ml) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on PGPE-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to PGPE in this notorious pathogen, and this extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa. Individual constituent phytocompounds of PGPE were found to be less efficacious than the whole extract. PGPE seemed to interfere with the signal-response machinery of P. aeruginosa and C. violaceum. PGPE also exhibited notable prebiotic potential by promoting growth of probiotic strains- Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum at ≤50 μg/ml. Conclusions: This study indicates PGPE to be an effective antipathogenic and prebiotic preparation, and validates its therapeutic use mentioned in traditional medicine. This study also emphasizes the need for testing any bioactive extract at broadest possible concentration range, particularly in vivo, so that an accurate picture of dose-response relationship can emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Joshi C, Patel P, Palep H, Kothari V. Validation of the anti-infective potential of a polyherbal 'Panchvalkal' preparation, and elucidation of the molecular basis underlining its efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30654785 PMCID: PMC6335721 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Panchvalkal formulation (Pentaphyte P-5®) mentioned in ancient texts of Indian traditional medicine was investigated for its anti-infective potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Effect of the test formulation on bacterial growth and pigment production was evaluated by broth dilution assay. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model host. Whole transcriptome approach was taken to study the effect of test formulation on bacterial gene expression. RESULTS This formulation in vitro was found to be capable of affecting quorum sensing (QS)-regulated traits (pyocyanin, pyoverdine, biofilm) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In combination with antibiotics, it enhanced susceptibility of the test bacterium to antibiotics like cephalexin and tetracycline. Effect of Panchvalkal formulation (PF) on QS-regulated traits of P. aeruginosa was not reversed even after repeated exposure of the bacterium to PF. In vivo efficacy of PF was demonstrated employing Caenorhabditis elegans as the model host, wherein PF-treated bacteria were able to kill lesser worms than their extract-unexposed counterparts. Whole transcriptome study revealed that approximately 14% of the P. aeruginosa genome was expressed differently under the influence of PF. CONCLUSIONS Major mechanisms through which Panchvalkal seems to exert its anti-virulence effect are generation of nitrosative and oxidative stress, and disturbing iron and molybdenum homeostasis, besides interfering with QS machinery. This study is a good demonstration of the therapeutic utility of the 'polyherbalism' concept, so common in ayurved. It also demonstrates utility of the modern 'omics' tools for validating the traditional medicine i.e. ayuromics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
| | - Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
| | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481 India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Doyle AA, Krämer T, Kavanagh K, Stephens JC. Cinnamaldehydes: Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and the effect of molecular structure on antibacterial activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
48
|
Owen L, Laird K. Synchronous application of antibiotics and essential oils: dual mechanisms of action as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:414-435. [PMID: 29319372 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1423616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has increased dramatically in recent years, yet the antibiotic pipeline has stalled. New therapies are therefore needed to continue treating antibiotic resistant infections. One potential strategy currently being explored is the use of non-antibiotic compounds to potentiate the activity of currently employed antibiotics. Many natural products including Essential Oils (EOs) possess broad spectrum antibacterial activity and so have been investigated for this purpose. This article aims to review recent literature concerning the antibacterial activity of EOs and their interactions with antibiotics, with consideration of dual mechanisms of action of EOs and antibiotics as a potential solution to antibiotic resistance. Synergistic interactions between EOs and their components with antibiotics have been reported, including several instances of antibiotic resensitization in resistant isolates, in support of this strategy to control antibiotic resistance. However, a lack of consistency in methods and interpretation criteria makes drawing conclusions of efficacy of studied combinations difficult. Synergistic effects are often not explored beyond preliminary identification of antibacterial interactions and mechanism of action is rarely defined, despite many hypotheses and recommendations for future study. Much work is needed to fully understand EO-antibiotic associations before they can be further developed into novel antibacterial formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owen
- a Infectious Disease Research Group, The School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , UK
| | - Katie Laird
- a Infectious Disease Research Group, The School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Antibacterial and Antitubercular Activities of Cinnamylideneacetophenones. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101685. [PMID: 28994740 PMCID: PMC6151560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a natural product with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. In this work, it was used as a template for design and synthesis of a series of 17 cinnamylideneacetophenones. Phenolic compounds 3 and 4 exhibited MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values of 77.9 to 312 µM against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Compounds 2, 7, 10, and 18 presented potent effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (57.2 µM ≤ MIC ≤ 70.9 µM). Hydrophilic effects caused by substituents on ring B increased antibacterial activity against Gram-positive species. Thus, log Po/w were calculated by using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) analyses, and cinnamylideneacetophenones presented values ranging from 2.5 to 4.1. In addition, the effects of 3 and 4 were evaluated on pulmonary cells, indicating their moderate toxicity (46.3 µM ≤ IC50 ≤ 96.7 µM) when compared with doxorubicin. Bioactive compounds were subjected to in silico prediction of pharmacokinetic properties, and did not violate Lipinski's and Veber's rules, corroborating their potential bioavailability by an oral route.
Collapse
|
50
|
Liang Q, Chai K, Lu K, Xu Z, Li G, Tong Z, Ji H. Theoretical and experimental studies on the separation of cinnamyl acetate and cinnamaldehyde by adsorption onto a β-cyclodextrin polyurethane polymer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CAc and CA were separated using CDPU as adsorbent, and the mechanism was proposed through DFT calculations and experimental analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Kungang Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Ke Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Guoyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|