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Gilbert SF. Inter-kingdom communication and the sympoietic way of life. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1427798. [PMID: 39071805 PMCID: PMC11275584 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1427798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms are now seen as holobionts, consortia of several species that interact metabolically such that they sustain and scaffold each other's existence and propagation. Sympoiesis, the development of the symbiotic relationships that form holobionts, is critical for our understanding the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Rather than being the read-out of a single genome, development has been found to be sympoietic, based on multigenomic interactions between zygote-derived cells and symbiotic microbes. These symbiotic and sympoietic interactions are predicated on the ability of cells from different kingdoms of life (e.g., bacteria and animals) to communicate with one another and to have their chemical signals interpreted in a manner that facilitates development. Sympoiesis, the creation of an entity by the interactions of other entities, is commonly seen in embryogenesis (e.g., the creation of lenses and retinas through the interaction of brain and epidermal compartments). In holobiont sympoiesis, interactions between partners of different domains of life interact to form organs and biofilms, wherein each of these domains acts as the environment for the other. If evolution is forged by changes in development, and if symbionts are routinely involved in our development, then changes in sympoiesis can constitute an important factor in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Evolutionary Phenomics Group, Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Wang Y, Choo JM, Richard AC, Papanicolas LE, Wesselingh SL, Taylor SL, Rogers GB. Intestinal persistence of Bifidobacterium infantis is determined by interaction of host genetics and antibiotic exposure. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae107. [PMID: 38896583 PMCID: PMC11214156 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics have gained significant attention as a potential strategy to improve health by modulating host-microbe interactions, particularly in situations where the normal microbiota has been disrupted. However, evidence regarding their efficacy has been inconsistent, with considerable interindividual variability in response. We aimed to explore whether a common genetic variant that affects the production of mucosal α(1,2)-fucosylated glycans, present in around 20% of the population, could explain the observed interpersonal differences in the persistence of commonly used probiotics. Using a mouse model with varying α(1,2)-fucosylated glycans secretion (Fut2WT or Fut2KO), we examined the abundance and persistence of Bifidobacterium strains (infantis, breve, and bifidum). We observed significant differences in baseline gut microbiota characteristics between Fut2WT and Fut2KO littermates, with Fut2WT mice exhibiting enrichment of species able to utilize α(1,2)-fucosylated glycans. Following antibiotic exposure, only Fut2WT animals showed persistent engraftment of Bifidobacterium infantis, a strain able to internalize α(1,2)-fucosylated glycans, whereas B. breve and B. bifidum, which cannot internalize α(1,2)-fucosylated glycans, did not exhibit this difference. In mice with an intact commensal microbiota, the relationship between secretor status and B. infantis persistence was reversed, with Fut2KO animals showing greater persistence compared to Fut2WT. Our findings suggest that the interplay between a common genetic variation and antibiotic exposure plays a crucial role in determining the dynamics of B. infantis in the recipient gut, which could potentially contribute to the observed variation in response to this commonly used probiotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Alyson C Richard
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Lito E Papanicolas
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- SA Pathology, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Steven L Taylor
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health Programme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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3
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Chung CJ, Hermes BM, Gupta Y, Ibrahim S, Belheouane M, Baines JF. Genome-wide mapping of gene-microbe interactions in the murine lung microbiota based on quantitative microbial profiling. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:31. [PMID: 37264412 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian lungs comprise a complex microbial ecosystem that interacts with host physiology. Previous research demonstrates that the environment significantly contributes to bacterial community structure in the upper and lower respiratory tract. However, the influence of host genetics on the makeup of lung microbiota remains ambiguous, largely due to technical difficulties related to sampling, as well as challenges inherent to investigating low biomass communities. Thus, innovative approaches are warranted to clarify host-microbe interactions in the mammalian lung. RESULTS Here, we aimed to characterize host genomic regions associated with lung bacterial traits in an advanced intercross mouse line (AIL). By performing quantitative microbial profiling (QMP) using the highly precise method of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), we refined 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based traits to identify and map candidate lung-resident taxa using a QTL mapping approach. In addition, the two abundant core taxa Lactobacillus and Pelomonas were chosen for independent microbial phenotyping using genus-specific primers. In total, this revealed seven significant loci involving eight bacterial traits. The narrow confidence intervals afforded by the AIL population allowed us to identify several promising candidate genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis, DNA repair, and lung functioning and disease susceptibility. Interestingly, one genomic region associated with Lactobacillus abundance contains the well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine Il10, which we confirmed through the analysis of Il10 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence for a role of host genetic variation contributing to variation in the lung microbiota. This was in large part made possible through the careful curation of 16S rRNA gene amplicon data and the incorporation of a QMP-based methods. This approach to evaluating the low biomass lung environment opens new avenues for advancing lung microbiome research using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chung
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - B M Hermes
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Y Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
- Research Center Borstel, Evolution of the Resistome, Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany.
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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4
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Pan C, Ning Y, Jia Y, Cheng S, Wen Y, Yang X, Meng P, Li C, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang F. Transcriptome-wide association study identified candidate genes associated with gut microbiota. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:74. [PMID: 34922623 PMCID: PMC8684646 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is closely associated with host health and disease occurrence. Host genetic factor plays an important role in shaping gut microbial communities. The specific mechanism of host-regulated gene expression affecting gut microbiota has not been elucidated yet. Here we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) for gut microbiota by leveraging expression imputation from large-scale GWAS data sets. Results TWAS detected multiple tissue-specific candidate genes for gut microbiota, such as FUT2 for genus Bifidobacterium in transverse colon (PPERM.ANL = 1.68 × 10–3) and SFTPD for an unclassified genus of Proteobacteria in transverse colon (PPERM.ANL = 5.69 × 10–3). Fine mapping replicated 3 candidate genes in TWAS, such as HELLS for Streptococcus (PIP = 0.685) in sigmoid colon, ANO7 for Erysipelotrichaceae (PIP = 0.449) in sigmoid colon. Functional analyses detected 94 significant GO terms and 11 pathways for various taxa in total, such as GO_NUCLEOSIDE_DIPHOSPHATASE_ACTIVITY for Butyrivibrio (FDR P = 1.30 × 10–4), KEGG_RENIN_ANGIOTENSIN_SYSTEM for Anaerostipes (FDR P = 3.16 × 10–2). Literature search results showed 12 genes prioritized by TWAS were associated with 12 diseases. For instance, SFTPD for an unclassified genus of Proteobacteria was related to atherosclerosis, and FUT2 for Bifidobacterium was associated with Crohn’s disease. Conclusions Our study results provided novel insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of gut microbiota, and attempted to provide clues for revealing the influence of genetic factors on gut microbiota for the occurrence and development of diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00474-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 71006, China.
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5
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Martynov I, Göpel W, Rausch TK, Härtel C, Franke A, Franz AR, Viemann D, Thome UH, Lacher M, Ackermann BW. Blood group AB increases risk for surgical necrotizing enterocolitis and focal intestinal perforation in preterm infants with very low birth weight. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13777. [PMID: 34215818 PMCID: PMC8253726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation (FIP) are two of the most common emergencies of the gastrointestinal tract in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g). Identification of risk factors among these children is crucial for earlier diagnosis and prompt intervention. In this study, we investigated a relationship between ABO blood groups and the risk for surgical NEC/FIP. We genotyped the ABO locus (rs8176746 and rs8176719) in VLBW infants enrolled in a prospective, population-based cohort study of the German Neonatal Network (GNN). Of the 10,257 VLBW infants, 441 (4.3%) had surgical NEC/FIP. In univariate analyses, the blood group AB was more prevalent in VLBW infants with surgical NEC/FIP compared to non-AB blood groups (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.13, p = 0.017; absolute risk difference 2.01%, 95% CI 0.06–3.96%). The association between blood group AB and surgical NEC/FIP was observed in a multivariable logistic regression model (OR of 1.58, 95% CI 1.10–2.26, p = 0.013) as well. In summary, our study suggests that the risk of surgical NEC and FIP is higher in patients with blood group AB and lower in those having non-AB blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20 a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - W Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T K Rausch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - A R Franz
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies (CPCS), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - U H Thome
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20 a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B W Ackermann
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Qian W, Hou X, Lin R. Exogenous l-fucose protects the intestinal mucosal barrier depending on upregulation of FUT2-mediated fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21699. [PMID: 34151459 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002446rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FUT2, a protein that uses l-fucose to mediate fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells, is one of the detected gene variants in IBD patients. We aimed to investigate whether exogenous l-fucose could be an enteral nutritional supplement to protect intestinal barrier function. The effect of l-fucose on the restoration of epithelial barrier function in both the DSS-induced colitis mouse model and LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells was investigated, and the impact on fucosylation of epithelial cells was examined. The severity of DSS-induced colitis was significantly reduced by l-fucose. Restoration of epithelial barrier function by l-fucose was detected. Direct l-fucose-mediated protection of tight junctions was observed in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, exogenous l-fucose promoted the exogenous metabolic pathway of l-fucose, and fucosylation of epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, knockout of the FUT2 gene restrained fucosylation and the protective effect of l-fucose on barrier function. The severity of colitis was not improved by l-fucose in Fut2 knockout mice. Therefore we conclude that exogenous l-fucose protects intestinal barrier function and relieves intestinal inflammation via upregulation of FUT2-mediated fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudong Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Jie Z, Liang S, Ding Q, Li F, Tang S, Wang D, Lin Y, Chen P, Cai K, Qiu X, Li Q, Liao Y, Zhou D, Lian H, Zuo Y, Chen X, Rao W, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zi J, Wang R, Zhou H, Lu H, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang T, Xiao L, Zong Y, Liu W, Yang H, Wang J, Hou Y, Liu X, Kristiansen K, Zhong H, Jia H, Xu X. A transomic cohort as a reference point for promoting a healthy human gut microbiome. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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8
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Kononova S, Litvinova E, Vakhitov T, Skalinskaya M, Sitkin S. Acceptive Immunity: The Role of Fucosylated Glycans in Human Host-Microbiome Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083854. [PMID: 33917768 PMCID: PMC8068183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth in the number of chronic non-communicable diseases in the second half of the past century and in the first two decades of the new century is largely due to the disruption of the relationship between the human body and its symbiotic microbiota, and not pathogens. The interaction of the human immune system with symbionts is not accompanied by inflammation, but is a physiological norm. This is achieved via microbiota control by the immune system through a complex balance of pro-inflammatory and suppressive responses, and only a disturbance of this balance can trigger pathophysiological mechanisms. This review discusses the establishment of homeostatic relationships during immune system development and intestinal bacterial colonization through the interaction of milk glycans, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulins. In particular, the role of fucose and fucosylated glycans in the mechanism of interactions between host epithelial and immune cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kononova
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Litvinova
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 633501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Timur Vakhitov
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Skalinskaya
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Sitkin
- Department of Microbiology, State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.V.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Galeev A, Suwandi A, Cepic A, Basu M, Baines JF, Grassl GA. The role of the blood group-related glycosyltransferases FUT2 and B4GALNT2 in susceptibility to infectious disease. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151487. [PMID: 33662872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation profile of the gastrointestinal tract is an important factor mediating host-microbe interactions. Variation in these glycan structures is often mediated by blood group-related glycosyltransferases, and can lead to wide-ranging differences in susceptibility to both infectious- as well as chronic disease. In this review, we focus on the interplay between host glycosylation, the intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to gastrointestinal pathogens based on studies of two exemplary blood group-related glycosyltransferases that are conserved between mice and humans, namely FUT2 and B4GALNT2. We highlight that differences in susceptibility can arise due to both changes in direct interactions, such as bacterial adhesion, as well as indirect effects mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Although a large body of experimental work exists for direct interactions between host and pathogen, determining the more complex and variable mechanisms underlying three-way interactions involving the intestinal microbiota will be the subject of much-needed future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Galeev
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aleksa Cepic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meghna Basu
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Bruellman R, Llorente C. A Perspective Of Intestinal Immune-Microbiome Interactions In Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:307-327. [PMID: 33390852 PMCID: PMC7757023 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the intricacies of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with the host immune system has opened up pathways in the search for the treatment of disease conditions. Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Research has shed light on the breakdown of the protective gut barriers, translocation of gut microbes to the liver and inflammatory immune response to microbes all contributing to alcohol-associated liver disease. This knowledge has opened up avenues for alternative therapies to alleviate alcohol-associated liver disease based on the interaction of the commensal gut microbiome as a key player in the regulation of the immune response. This review describes the relevance of the intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota, and specialized and non-specialized intestinal cells in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. It also reflects how these components are altered during alcohol-associated liver disease and discusses new approaches for potential future therapies in alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bruellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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11
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Lin HY, Lai HH, Elaine Chen YF, Chao HC, Tsai CN, Chang YJ, Chen SY. Clinical significance of the fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) secretor status in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:212-216. [PMID: 32448707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The FUT2 gene is a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) that determines the susceptibility to Norovirus (NoV) infection. This study investigated the clinical significance of the FUT2 gene profile and HBGA expression in NoV infection. METHODS Fecal specimens were collected from children in Chang-Gung Children's Hospital with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The medical records were reviewed for clinical data. The viral etiology of gastroenteritis was validated using molecular methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from saliva or whole blood with the Puregene B Kit, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by real-time PCR assays. RESULTS FUT2 gene DNA was examined in 98 children with AGE. NoV was detected by RT-PCR in 44 patients (44.8%), while 54 (55.2%) had non-NoV AGE. Of the 44 NoV patients, 38 (86.3%) were secretors (no G428A mutation) and six (13.7%) were non-secretors (G428A mutation). Of the 54 non-NoV AGE patients, 28 (51.9%) were secretors and 20 (48.1%) were non-secretors. NoV-infected patients who were secretors had more frequent vomiting (P < 0.001), longer duration of diarrhea (P < 0.001), and greater overall disease severity score (P < 0.001) compared with non-secretors. Non-NoV infection secretor AGE patients had a longer duration of diarrhea (P < 0.001) than non-secretors. CONCLUSION FUT2 secretor status affects NoV AGE in children. Secretor patients have prolonged diarrhea, more frequent vomiting, more severe disease, and greater infection transmissibility than non-secretors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yeh Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Hsiang Lai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ying Fang Elaine Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Ching Chao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jung Chang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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12
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Wu H, Rebello O, Crost EH, Owen CD, Walpole S, Bennati-Granier C, Ndeh D, Monaco S, Hicks T, Colvile A, Urbanowicz PA, Walsh MA, Angulo J, Spencer DIR, Juge N. Fucosidases from the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:675-693. [PMID: 32333083 PMCID: PMC7872956 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The availability and repartition of fucosylated glycans within the gastrointestinal tract contributes to the adaptation of gut bacteria species to ecological niches. To access this source of nutrients, gut bacteria encode α-l-fucosidases (fucosidases) which catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal α-l-fucosidic linkages. We determined the substrate and linkage specificities of fucosidases from the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus. Sequence similarity network identified strain-specific fucosidases in R. gnavus ATCC 29149 and E1 strains that were further validated enzymatically against a range of defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Using a combination of glycan microarrays, mass spectrometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, crystallographic and saturation transfer difference NMR approaches, we identified a fucosidase with the capacity to recognize sialic acid-terminated fucosylated glycans (sialyl Lewis X/A epitopes) and hydrolyze α1–3/4 fucosyl linkages in these substrates without the need to remove sialic acid. Molecular dynamics simulation and docking showed that 3′-Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) could be accommodated within the binding site of the enzyme. This specificity may contribute to the adaptation of R. gnavus strains to the infant and adult gut and has potential applications in diagnostic glycomic assays for diabetes and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Osmond Rebello
- Ludger Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3EB, UK
| | - Emmanuelle H Crost
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Samuel Walpole
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Chloe Bennati-Granier
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Didier Ndeh
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Anna Colvile
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Martin A Walsh
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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13
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Suwandi A, Galeev A, Riedel R, Sharma S, Seeger K, Sterzenbach T, García Pastor L, Boyle EC, Gal-Mor O, Hensel M, Casadesús J, Baines JF, Grassl GA. Std fimbriae-fucose interaction increases Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation and prolongs colonization. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007915. [PMID: 31329635 PMCID: PMC6675130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of ABO and Lewis histo-blood group antigens by the gastrointestinal epithelium is governed by an α-1,2-fucosyltransferase enzyme encoded by the Fut2 gene. Alterations in mucin glycosylation have been associated with susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis. In order to determine the role of Fut2-dependent glycans in Salmonella-triggered intestinal inflammation, Fut2+/+ and Fut2-/- mice were orally infected with S. Typhimurium and bacterial colonization and intestinal inflammation were analyzed. Bacterial load in the intestine of Fut2-/- mice was significantly lower compared to Fut2+/+ mice. Analysis of histopathological changes revealed significantly lower levels of intestinal inflammation in Fut2-/- mice compared to Fut2+/+ mice and measurement of lipocalin-2 level in feces corroborated histopathological findings. Salmonella express fimbriae that assist in adherence of bacteria to host cells thereby facilitating their invasion. The std fimbrial operon of S. Typhimurium encodes the π-class Std fimbriae which bind terminal α(1,2)-fucose residues. An isogenic mutant of S. Typhimurium lacking Std fimbriae colonized Fut2+/+ and Fut2-/- mice to similar levels and resulted in similar intestinal inflammation. In vitro adhesion assays revealed that bacteria possessing Std fimbriae adhered significantly more to fucosylated cell lines or primary epithelial cells in comparison to cells lacking α(1,2)-fucose. Overall, these results indicate that Salmonella-triggered intestinal inflammation and colonization are dependent on Std-fucose interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alibek Galeev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lucía García Pastor
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Erin C. Boyle
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology and CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Josep Casadesús
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John F. Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
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14
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Turpin W, Bedrani L, Espin-Garcia O, Xu W, Silverberg MS, Smith MI, Guttman DS, Griffiths A, Moayyedi P, Panaccione R, Huynh H, Steinhart H, Aumais G, Shestopaloff K, Dieleman LA, Turner D, Paterson AD, Croitoru K. FUT2 genotype and secretory status are not associated with fecal microbial composition and inferred function in healthy subjects. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:357-368. [PMID: 29533703 PMCID: PMC6219652 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1445956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heritability analysis of the microbiota has demonstrated the importance of host genotype in defining the human microbiota. The alpha (1,2)-fucosyltransferase 2 encoded by FUT2 is involved in the formation of the H antigen and the SNP, rs601338 is associated with ABO histo-blood group antigen secretion in the intestinal mucosa. Previous studies have provided non replicated results for the association of this polymorphism with the composition and inferred function of intestinal microbiota. We aimed to assess this relationship in a large cohort of 1,190 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed using the HumanCoreEXOME chip, microbial composition was addressed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in this cohort. Although we have sufficient power to detect significant associations of FUT2 genotype/ inferred phenotype with the microbiota, our data demonstrate that FUT2 genotype and secretor status is not associated with microbial alpha diversity, microbial composition or inferred microbial function after correction for multiple testing. Thus, FUT2 genotype and inferred phenotype are not associated with human fecal microbial composition and imputed function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larbi Bedrani
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle I. Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S. Guttman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Montreal University, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Konstantin Shestopaloff
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology and CEGIIR, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Department of pediatric GI, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Wang J, Chen L, Zhao N, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhu B. Of genes and microbes: solving the intricacies in host genomes. Protein Cell 2018; 9:446-461. [PMID: 29611114 PMCID: PMC5960464 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome research is a quickly developing field in biomedical research, and we have witnessed its potential in understanding the physiology, metabolism and immunology, its critical role in understanding the health and disease of the host, and its vast capacity in disease prediction, intervention and treatment. However, many of the fundamental questions still need to be addressed, including the shaping forces of microbial diversity between individuals and across time. Microbiome research falls into the classical nature vs. nurture scenario, such that host genetics shape part of the microbiome, while environmental influences change the original course of microbiome development. In this review, we focus on the nature, i.e., the genetic part of the equation, and summarize the recent efforts in understanding which parts of the genome, especially the human and mouse genome, play important roles in determining the composition and functions of microbial communities, primarily in the gut but also on the skin. We aim to present an overview of different approaches in studying the intricate relationships between host genetic variations and microbes, its underlying philosophy and methodology, and we aim to highlight a few key discoveries along this exploration, as well as current pitfalls. More evidence and results will surely appear in upcoming studies, and the accumulating knowledge will lead to a deeper understanding of what we could finally term a "hologenome", that is, the organized, closely interacting genome of the host and the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xizhan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yakun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Taylor SL, McGuckin MA, Wesselingh S, Rogers GB. Infection's Sweet Tooth: How Glycans Mediate Infection and Disease Susceptibility. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:92-101. [PMID: 29079498 PMCID: PMC7125966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycans form a highly variable constituent of our mucosal surfaces and profoundly affect our susceptibility to infection and disease. The diversity and importance of these surface glycans can be seen in individuals who lack a functional copy of the fucosyltransferase gene, FUT2. Representing around one-fifth of the population, these individuals have an altered susceptibility to many bacterial and viral infections and diseases. The mediation of host-pathogen interactions by mucosal glycans, such as those added by FUT2, is poorly understood. We highlight, with specific examples, important mechanisms by which host glycans influence infection dynamics, including by: acting as pathogen receptors (or receptor-decoys), promoting microbial stability, altering the physical characteristics of mucus, and acting as immunological markers. We argue that the effect glycans have on infection dynamics has profound implications for many aspects of healthcare and policy, including clinical management, outbreak control, and vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Taylor
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Wesselingh
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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