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Li P, Bez C, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Venturi V. N-acyl homoserine lactone cell-cell diffusible signalling in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13467. [PMID: 39099210 PMCID: PMC11298618 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) includes soilborne bacterial plant pathogens with worldwide distribution and wide host ranges. Virulence factors are regulated via four hierarchically organized cell-cell contact independent quorum-sensing (QS) signalling systems: the Phc, which uses as signals (R)-methyl 3-hydroxypalmitate [(R)-3-OH PAME] or (R)-methyl 3-hydroxymyristate [(R)-3-OH MAME], the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent RasI/R and SolI/R systems, and the recently identified anthranilic acid-dependent system. The unique Phc QS system has been extensively studied; however, the role of the two AHL QS systems has only recently been addressed. In this microreview, we present and discuss current data of the SolI/R and RasI/R QS systems in the RSSC. We also present the distribution and frequency of these AHL QS systems in the RSSC, discuss possible ecological roles and evolutive implications. The complex QS hierarchical networks emphasizes the crucial role of cell-cell signalling in the virulence of the RSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTriesteItaly
| | - Cristina Bez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTriesteItaly
| | - Yong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River BasinSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yatsen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyTriesteItaly
- African Genome Center, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P)Ben GuerirMorocco
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2
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Liu Q, Li C, Zhang X, Ding M, Liao X, Yan J, Hu M, Yang L, Wang X, Liao L, Li P, Zhou X. PhcX Is a LqsR-family response regulator that contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum virulence and regulates multiple virulence factors. mBio 2023; 14:e0202823. [PMID: 37787568 PMCID: PMC10653808 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02028-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive crop diseases. To achieve a successful infection, R. solanacearum has evolved an intricate regulatory network to orchestrate the expression of an arsenal of virulence factors and fine-tune the allocation of energy. However, despite the wealth of knowledge gained in the past decades, many players and connections are still missing from the network. The importance of our study lies in the identification of PhcX, a novel conserved global regulator with critical roles in modulating the virulence and metabolism of R. solanacearum. PhcX affects many well-characterized regulators and exhibits contrasting modes of regulation from the central regulator PhcA on a variety of virulence-associated traits and genes. Our findings add a valuable piece to the puzzle of how the pathogen regulates its proliferation and infection, which is critical for understanding its pathogenesis and developing disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhao Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfan Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Yan
- School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Sun Y, Su Y, Meng Z, Zhang J, Zheng L, Miao S, Qin D, Ruan Y, Wu Y, Xiong L, Yan X, Dong Z, Cheng P, Shao M, Yu G. Biocontrol of bacterial wilt disease in tomato using Bacillus subtilis strain R31. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1281381. [PMID: 37840725 PMCID: PMC10568012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1281381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a widespread, severe plant disease. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide, is particularly susceptible to this disease. Biological control offers numerous advantages, making it a highly favorable approach for managing bacterial wilt. In this study, the results demonstrate that treatment with the biological control strain Bacillus subtilis R31 significantly reduced the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt. In addition, R31 directly inhibits the growth of R. solanacearum, and lipopeptides play an important role in this effect. The results also show that R31 can stably colonize the rhizosphere soil and root tissues of tomato plants for a long time, reduce the R. solanacearum population in the rhizosphere soil, and alter the microbial community that interacts with R. solanacearum. This study provides an important theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of B. subtilis as a biological control agent against bacterial wilt and lays the foundation for the optimization and promotion of other agents such as R31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Su
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Miao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Qin
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Ruan
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Wu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Yan
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) strains are devastating plant pathogens distributed worldwide. The primary cell density-dependent gene expression system in RSSC strains is phc quorum sensing (QS). It regulates the expression of about 30% of all genes, including those related to cellular activity, primary and secondary metabolism, pathogenicity, and more. The phc regulatory elements encoded by the phcBSRQ operon and phcA gene play vital roles. RSSC strains use methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) or methyl 3-hydroxypalmitate (3-OH PAME) as the QS signal. Each type of RSSC strain has specificity in generating and receiving its QS signal, but their signaling pathways might not differ significantly. In this review, I describe the genetic and biochemical factors involved in QS signal input and the regulatory network and summarize control of the phc QS system, new cell-cell communications, and QS-dependent interactions with soil fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan;
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5
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Liang Z, Lin Q, Wang Q, Huang L, Liu H, Shi Z, Cui Z, Zhou X, Gao YG, Zhou J, Zhang LH, Deng Y. Gram-negative bacteria resist antimicrobial agents by a DzrR-mediated envelope stress response. BMC Biol 2023; 21:62. [PMID: 36978084 PMCID: PMC10052836 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are critical for adaptive resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to envelope-targeting antimicrobial agents. However, ESRs are poorly defined in a large number of well-known plant and human pathogens. Dickeya oryzae can withstand a high level of self-produced envelope-targeting antimicrobial agents zeamines through a zeamine-stimulated RND efflux pump DesABC. Here, we unraveled the mechanism of D. oryzae response to zeamines and determined the distribution and function of this novel ESR in a variety of important plant and human pathogens. RESULTS In this study, we documented that a two-component system regulator DzrR of D. oryzae EC1 mediates ESR in the presence of envelope-targeting antimicrobial agents. DzrR was found modulating bacterial response and resistance to zeamines through inducing the expression of RND efflux pump DesABC, which is likely independent on DzrR phosphorylation. In addition, DzrR could also mediate bacterial responses to structurally divergent envelope-targeting antimicrobial agents, including chlorhexidine and chlorpromazine. Significantly, the DzrR-mediated response was independent on the five canonical ESRs. We further presented evidence that the DzrR-mediated response is conserved in the bacterial species of Dickeya, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia, showing that a distantly located DzrR homolog is the previously undetermined regulator of RND-8 efflux pump for chlorhexidine resistance in B. cenocepacia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings from this study depict a new widely distributed Gram-negative ESR mechanism and present a valid target and useful clues to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Luhao Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huidi Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zurong Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Biological Engineering, HuaiNan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, China
| | - Zining Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu JY, Zhang JF, Wu HL, Chen Z, Li SY, Li HM, Zhang CP, Zhou YQ, Lu CH. Proposal to classify Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I strains as Ralstonia nicotianae sp. nov., and a genomic comparison between members of the genus Ralstonia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1135872. [PMID: 37032877 PMCID: PMC10073495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1135872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with multi-flagella, strain RST, was isolated from bacterial wilt of tobacco in Yuxi city of Yunnan province, China. The strain contains the major fatty acids of C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The polar lipid profile of strain RST consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unidentified aminophospholipid. Strain RST contains ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8. 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,407 bp) analysis showed that strain RST is closely related to members of the genus Ralstonia and shares the highest sequence identities with R. pseudosolanacearum LMG 9673T (99.50%), R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis LMG 27703T (99.50%), R. solanacearum LMG 2299T (99.28%), and R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis LMG 27706T (99.21%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities between strain RST and other members of the genus Ralstonia were below 98.00%. Genome sequencing yielded a genome size of 5.61 Mbp and a G + C content of 67.1 mol%. The genomic comparison showed average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values between strain RST and R. pseudosolanacearum LMG 9673T, R. solanacearum LMG 2299T, and R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis UQRS 627T of 95.23, 89.43, and 91.41%, respectively, and the corresponding digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values (yielded by formula 2) were 66.20, 44.80, and 47.50%, respectively. In addition, strains belonging to R. solanacearum phylotype I shared both ANIb and dDDH with strain RST above the species cut-off values of 96 and 70%, respectively. The ANIb and dDDH values between the genome sequences from 12 strains of R. solanacearum phylotype III (Current R. pseudosolanacearum) and those of strain RST were below the species cut-off values. Based on these data, we concluded that strains of phylotype I, including RST, represent a novel species of the genus Ralstonia, for which the name Ralstonia nicotianae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ralstonia nicotianae sp. nov. is RST (=GDMCC 1.3533T = JCM 35814T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han-Lian Wu
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Cui-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Zhou
- College of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
- Yuan-Qing Zhou,
| | - Can-Hua Lu
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Can-Hua Lu,
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7
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Yan J, Lin N, Wang X, Chen X, Wang H, Lin Q, Zhou X, Zhang L, Liao L. Markerless gene deletion in Ralstonia solanacearum based on its natural transformation competence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977580. [PMID: 36177460 PMCID: PMC9512648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogen capable of infecting numerous plants and crops, causing severe vascular wilt diseases. Functional analysis of the genes associated with bacterial virulence is critical for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that govern the bacterial pathogenicity. To this end, an efficient gene deletion method would be of great help. In this study, we set to develop an efficient and simple markerless gene deletion method by exploiting its natural transformation competence and the FLP/FRT recombination system. We found that natural transformation using PCR products provided much higher transformation frequency than the plasmid-based triparental mating and electroporation. We thus generated the gene deletion fusion PCR fragments by incorporating the upstream and downstream DNA fragments of the target gene and an antibiotic resistance gene flanked by FRT sites, and delivered the PCR products into R. solanacearum cells through natural transformation. Using this method, we knocked out the epsB and phcA genes, which are associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis and regulation, respectively, in several R. solanacearum strains isolated from different host plants at a frequency from 5 (1E-08) to 45 (1E-08). To remove the antibiotic marker gene, the plasmid expressing the FLP enzyme was introduced into the above knockout mutants, which enabled removal of the marker gene. The effective combination of natural transformation and the FLP/FRT recombination system thus offers a simple and efficient method for functional study of putative virulence genes and for elucidation of R. solanacearum pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Yan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuoqiao Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lianhui Zhang,
| | - Lisheng Liao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Lisheng Liao,
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8
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RasI/R Quorum Sensing System Controls the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Strain EP1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0032522. [PMID: 35876567 PMCID: PMC9361817 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00325-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a widely conserved bacterial regulatory mechanism that relies on production and perception of autoinducing chemical signals to coordinate diverse cooperative activities, such as virulence, exoenzyme secretion, and biofilm formation. In Ralstonia solanacearum, a phytopathogen causing severe bacterial wilt diseases in many plant species, previous studies identified the PhcBSR QS system, which plays a key role in regulation of its physiology and virulence. In this study, we found that R. solanacearum strain EP1 contains the genes encoding uncharacterized LuxI/LuxR (LuxI/R) QS homologues (RasI/RasR [designated RasI/R here]). To determine the roles of the RasI/R system in strain EP1, we constructed a specific reporter for the signals catalyzed by RasI. Chromatography separation and structural analysis showed that RasI synthesized primarily N-(3-hydroxydodecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C12-HSL). In addition, we showed that the transcriptional expression of rasI is regulated by RasR in response to 3-OH-C12-HSL. Phenotype analysis unveiled that the RasI/R system plays a critical role in modulation of cellulase production, motility, biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, and virulence of R. solanacearum EP1. We then further characterized this system by determining the RasI/R regulon using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, which showed that this newly identified QS system regulates the transcriptional expression of over 154 genes associated with bacterial physiology and pathogenic properties. Taken together, the findings from this study present an essential new QS system in regulation of R. solanacearum physiology and virulence and provide new insight into the complicated regulatory mechanisms and networks in this important plant pathogen. IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing (QS) is a key regulator of virulence factors in many plant-pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies unveiled two QS systems (i.e., PhcBSR and SolI/R) in several R. solanacearum strains. The PhcBSR QS system is known for its key roles in regulation of bacterial virulence, and the LuxI/LuxR (SolI/R) QS system appears dispensable for pathogenicity in a number of R. solanacearum strains. In this study, a new functional QS system (i.e., RasI/R) was identified and characterized in R. solanacearum strain EP1 isolated from infected eggplants. Phenotype analyses showed that the RasI/R system plays an important role in regulation of a range of biological activities associated with bacterial virulence. This QS system produces and responds to the QS signal 3-OH-C12-HSL and hence regulates critical bacterial abilities in survival and infection. To date, multiple QS signaling circuits in R. solanacearum strains are still not well understood. Our findings from this study provide new insight into the complicated QS regulatory networks that govern the physiology and virulence of R. solanacearum and present a valid target and clues for the control and prevention of bacterial wilt diseases.
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Li P, Cao X, Zhang L, Lv M, Zhang LH. PhcA and PhcR Regulate Ralsolamycin Biosynthesis Oppositely in Ralstonia solanacearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903310. [PMID: 35712573 PMCID: PMC9197120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ralsolamycin, one of secondary metabolites in Ralstonia solanacearum, is known to be involved in crosstalk between R. solanacearum and fungi. Ralsolamycin formation is catalyzed by two-hybrid synthetases of RmyA (non-ribosomal peptide synthetase) and RmyB (polyketide synthase). A methyltransferase PhcB catalyzes formation of 3-OH MAME or 3-OH PAME, signals for the quorum sensing (QS) in R. solanacearum, while PhcB positively modulates ralsolamycin biosynthesis. A two-component system of PhcS and PhcR can response these QS signals and activate phcA expression. Here, we experimentally demonstrated that deletion of phcA (ΔphcA) substantially impaired the ralsolamycin production and expression of rmyA and rmyB in R. solanacearum strain EP1, and failed to induce chlamydospore formation of plant fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense (stran FOC4). However, deletion of phcR significantly increased ralsolamycin production and expression of rmyA and rmyB, and phcR mutants exhibited enhanced ability to induce chlamydospore formation of FOC4. Results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that both PhcA and PhcR bind to promoter of rmy operon. Taken together, these results demonstrated that both PhcA and PhcR bind to promoter of rmy operon, but regulate ralsolamycin biosynthesis in an opposite way. It could extend our knowledge on the sophisticated regulatory networks of ralsolamycin biosynthesis in R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiulan Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfa Lv
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Kumar S, Ahmad K, Behera SK, Nagrale DT, Chaurasia A, Yadav MK, Murmu S, Jha Y, Rajawat MVS, Malviya D, Singh UB, Shankar R, Tripathy M, Singh HV. Biocomputational Assessment of Natural Compounds as a Potent Inhibitor to Quorum Sensors in Ralstonia solanacearum. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093034. [PMID: 35566383 PMCID: PMC9102662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is among the most damaging bacterial phytopathogens with a wide number of hosts and a broad geographic distribution worldwide. The pathway of phenotype conversion (Phc) is operated by quorum-sensing signals and modulated through the (R)-methyl 3-hydroxypalmitate (3-OH PAME) in R. solanacearum. However, the molecular structures of the Phc pathway components are not yet established, and the structural consequences of 3-OH PAME on quorum sensing are not well studied. In this study, 3D structures of quorum-sensing proteins of the Phc pathway (PhcA and PhcR) were computationally modeled, followed by the virtual screening of the natural compounds library against the predicted active site residues of PhcA and PhcR proteins that could be employed in limiting signaling through 3-OH PAME. Two of the best scoring common ligands ZINC000014762512 and ZINC000011865192 for PhcA and PhcR were further analyzed utilizing orbital energies such as HOMO and LUMO, followed by molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes for 100 ns to determine the ligands binding stability. The findings indicate that ZINC000014762512 and ZINC000011865192 may be capable of inhibiting both PhcA and PhcR. We believe that, after further validation, these compounds may have the potential to disrupt bacterial quorum sensing and thus control this devastating phytopathogenic bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.V.S.)
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad 382355, India;
| | - Dipak T. Nagrale
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440010, India;
| | - Anurag Chaurasia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221305, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Bioinformatics, SRM University, Sonepat 131029, India;
| | - Sneha Murmu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Yachana Jha
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, S.P. University, Anand 388315, India;
| | - Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
| | - Deepti Malviya
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
| | - Udai B. Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
| | - Raja Shankar
- ICAR-IIHR, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India;
| | - Minaketan Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacy, Sitaram Kashyap College of Pharmacy, Rahod 495556, India;
| | - Harsh Vardhan Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; (K.A.); (M.V.S.R.); (D.M.); (U.B.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.V.S.)
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Song S, Yin W, Sun X, Cui B, Huang L, Li P, Yang L, Zhou J, Deng Y. Anthranilic acid from Ralstonia solanacearum plays dual roles in intraspecies signalling and inter-kingdom communication. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2248-2260. [PMID: 32457502 PMCID: PMC7608240 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) signals are widely utilized by bacteria to regulate biological functions in response to cell population density. Previous studies have demonstrated that Ralstonia solanacearum employs two different types of QS systems. We report here that anthranilic acid controls important biological functions and the production of QS signals in R. solanacearum. It was demonstrated that the biosynthesis of anthranilic acid is mainly performed by TrpEG. The accumulation of anthranilic acid and the transcription of trpEG occur in a cell density-dependent manner in R. solanacearum. Both the anthranilic acid and TrpEG homologues are conserved in various bacterial species. Moreover, we show that Sporisorium scitamineum sexual mating and hypha formation are strongly inhibited by the addition of exogenous anthranilic acid. Our results suggest that anthranilic acid is important for the physiology of bacteria in addition to its role in inter-kingdom communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Song
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenfang Yin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Ishikawa Y, Murai Y, Sakata M, Mori S, Matsuo S, Senuma W, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kai K. Activation of Ralfuranone/Ralstonin Production by Plant Sugars Functions in the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1546-1555. [PMID: 31246411 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria possess sophisticated mechanisms to detect the presence of host plants by sensing host-derived compounds. Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt on solanaceous plants, employs quorum sensing to control the production of the secondary metabolite ralfuranones/ralstonins, which have been suggested to be involved in virulence. Here, we report that d-galactose and d-glucose, plant sugars, activate the production of ralfuranones/ralstonins in R. solanacearum. As a result, two new derivatives, ralfuranone M (1) and ralstonin C (2), were found in the culture extracts, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Ralstonin C (2) is a cyclic lipopeptide containing a unique fatty acid, (2S,3S,Z)-3-amino-2-hydroxyicos-13-enoic acid, whereas ralfuranone M (1) has a common aryl-furanone structure with other ralfuranones. d-Galactose and d-glucose activated the expression of the biosynthetic ralfuranone/ralstonin genes and in part became the biosynthetic source of ralfuranones/ralstonins. Ralfuranones and ralstonins were detected from the xylem fluid of the infected tomato plants, and their production-deficient mutants exhibited reduced virulence on tomato and tobacco plants. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of ralfuranone/ralstonin production by host sugars functions in R. solanacearum virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Megumi Sakata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Shoko Mori
- Bioorganic Research Institute , Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences , 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho , Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284 , Japan
| | - Shoma Matsuo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Wakana Senuma
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology , Kochi University , 200 Otsu, Monobe , Nanko-ku, Kochi 783-8502 , Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
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Baldeweg F, Hoffmeister D, Nett M. A genomics perspective on natural product biosynthesis in plant pathogenic bacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:307-325. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes findings from genomics-inspired natural product research in plant pathogenic bacteria and discusses emerging trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baldeweg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Markus Nett
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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Barriuso J, Hogan DA, Keshavarz T, Martínez MJ. Role of quorum sensing and chemical communication in fungal biotechnology and pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:627-638. [PMID: 29788231 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells do not live in isolation in their environment, but rather they communicate with each other using chemical signals. This sophisticated mode of cell-to-cell signalling, known as quorum sensing, was first discovered in bacteria, and coordinates the behaviour of microbial population behaviour in a cell-density-dependent manner. More recently, these mechanisms have been described in eukaryotes, particularly in fungi, where they regulate processes such as pathogenesis, morphological differentiation, secondary metabolite production and biofilm formation. In this manuscript, we review the information available to date on these processes in yeast, dimorphic fungi and filamentous fungi. We analyse the diverse chemical 'languages' used by different groups of fungi, their possible cross-talk and interkingdom interactions with other organisms. We discuss the existence of these mechanisms in multicellular organisms, the ecophysiological role of QS in fungal colonisation and the potential applications of these mechanisms in biotechnology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Barriuso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tajalli Keshavarz
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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