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Bhunjun C, Chen Y, Phukhamsakda C, Boekhout T, Groenewald J, McKenzie E, Francisco E, Frisvad J, Groenewald M, Hurdeal VG, Luangsa-ard J, Perrone G, Visagie C, Bai F, Błaszkowski J, Braun U, de Souza F, de Queiroz M, Dutta A, Gonkhom D, Goto B, Guarnaccia V, Hagen F, Houbraken J, Lachance M, Li J, Luo K, Magurno F, Mongkolsamrit S, Robert V, Roy N, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe D, Wang D, Wei D, Zhao C, Aiphuk W, Ajayi-Oyetunde O, Arantes T, Araujo J, Begerow D, Bakhshi M, Barbosa R, Behrens F, Bensch K, Bezerra J, Bilański P, Bradley C, Bubner B, Burgess T, Buyck B, Čadež N, Cai L, Calaça F, Campbell L, Chaverri P, Chen Y, Chethana K, Coetzee B, Costa M, Chen Q, Custódio F, Dai Y, Damm U, Santiago A, De Miccolis Angelini R, Dijksterhuis J, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Dong W, Álvarez-Duarte E, Fischer M, Gajanayake A, Gené J, Gomdola D, Gomes A, Hausner G, He M, Hou L, Iturrieta-González I, Jami F, Jankowiak R, Jayawardena R, Kandemir H, Kiss L, Kobmoo N, Kowalski T, Landi L, Lin C, Liu J, Liu X, Loizides M, Luangharn T, Maharachchikumbura S, Mkhwanazi GM, Manawasinghe I, Marin-Felix Y, McTaggart A, Moreau P, Morozova O, Mostert L, Osiewacz H, Pem D, Phookamsak R, Pollastro S, Pordel A, Poyntner C, Phillips A, Phonemany M, Promputtha I, Rathnayaka A, Rodrigues A, Romanazzi G, Rothmann L, Salgado-Salazar C, Sandoval-Denis M, Saupe S, Scholler M, Scott P, Shivas R, Silar P, Silva-Filho A, Souza-Motta C, Spies C, Stchigel A, Sterflinger K, Summerbell R, Svetasheva T, Takamatsu S, Theelen B, Theodoro R, Thines M, Thongklang N, Torres R, Turchetti B, van den Brule T, Wang X, Wartchow F, Welti S, Wijesinghe S, Wu F, Xu R, Yang Z, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhao L, Zhao R, Zhou N, Hyde K, Crous P. What are the 100 most cited fungal genera? Stud Mycol 2024; 108:1-411. [PMID: 39100921 PMCID: PMC11293126 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.108.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The global diversity of fungi has been estimated between 2 to 11 million species, of which only about 155 000 have been named. Most fungi are invisible to the unaided eye, but they represent a major component of biodiversity on our planet, and play essential ecological roles, supporting life as we know it. Although approximately 20 000 fungal genera are presently recognised, the ecology of most remains undetermined. Despite all this diversity, the mycological community actively researches some fungal genera more commonly than others. This poses an interesting question: why have some fungal genera impacted mycology and related fields more than others? To address this issue, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify the top 100 most cited fungal genera. A thorough database search of the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed was performed to establish which genera are most cited. The most cited 10 genera are Saccharomyces, Candida, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Botrytis, Pichia, Cryptococcus and Alternaria. Case studies are presented for the 100 most cited genera with general background, notes on their ecology and economic significance and important research advances. This paper provides a historic overview of scientific research of these genera and the prospect for further research. Citation: Bhunjun CS, Chen YJ, Phukhamsakda C, Boekhout T, Groenewald JZ, McKenzie EHC, Francisco EC, Frisvad JC, Groenewald M, Hurdeal VG, Luangsa-ard J, Perrone G, Visagie CM, Bai FY, Błaszkowski J, Braun U, de Souza FA, de Queiroz MB, Dutta AK, Gonkhom D, Goto BT, Guarnaccia V, Hagen F, Houbraken J, Lachance MA, Li JJ, Luo KY, Magurno F, Mongkolsamrit S, Robert V, Roy N, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang DQ, Wei DP, Zhao CL, Aiphuk W, Ajayi-Oyetunde O, Arantes TD, Araujo JC, Begerow D, Bakhshi M, Barbosa RN, Behrens FH, Bensch K, Bezerra JDP, Bilański P, Bradley CA, Bubner B, Burgess TI, Buyck B, Čadež N, Cai L, Calaça FJS, Campbell LJ, Chaverri P, Chen YY, Chethana KWT, Coetzee B, Costa MM, Chen Q, Custódio FA, Dai YC, Damm U, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Dijksterhuis J, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Dong W, Alvarez-Duarte E, Fischer M, Gajanayake AJ, Gené J, Gomdola D, Gomes AAM, Hausner G, He MQ, Hou L, Iturrieta-González I, Jami F, Jankowiak R, Jayawardena RS, Kandemir H, Kiss L, Kobmoo N, Kowalski T, Landi L, Lin CG, Liu JK, Liu XB, Loizides M, Luangharn T, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Makhathini Mkhwanazi GJ, Manawasinghe IS, Marin-Felix Y, McTaggart AR, Moreau PA, Morozova OV, Mostert L, Osiewacz HD, Pem D, Phookamsak R, Pollastro S, Pordel A, Poyntner C, Phillips AJL, Phonemany M, Promputtha I, Rathnayaka AR, Rodrigues AM, Romanazzi G, Rothmann L, Salgado-Salazar C, Sandoval-Denis M, Saupe SJ, Scholler M, Scott P, Shivas RG, Silar P, Souza-Motta CM, Silva-Filho AGS, Spies CFJ, Stchigel AM, Sterflinger K, Summerbell RC, Svetasheva TY, Takamatsu S, Theelen B, Theodoro RC, Thines M, Thongklang N, Torres R, Turchetti B, van den Brule T, Wang XW, Wartchow F, Welti S, Wijesinghe SN, Wu F, Xu R, Yang ZL, Yilmaz N, Yurkov A, Zhao L, Zhao RL, Zhou N, Hyde KD, Crous PW (2024). What are the 100 most cited fungal genera? Studies in Mycology 108: 1-411. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.108.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.S. Bhunjun
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Y.J. Chen
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - C. Phukhamsakda
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - T. Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- The Yeasts Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - E.H.C. McKenzie
- Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.C. Francisco
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - V. G. Hurdeal
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F.Y. Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J. Błaszkowski
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Shaping of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - U. Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F.A. de Souza
- Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Rodovia MG 424 km 45, 35701–970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - M.B. de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A.K. Dutta
- Molecular & Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, India
| | - D. Gonkhom
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - B.T. Goto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal-RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - M.A. Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - J.J. Li
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - K.Y. Luo
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - F. Magurno
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - S. Mongkolsamrit
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - V. Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - N. Roy
- Molecular & Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati - 781014, Assam, India
| | - S. Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China
| | - D.N. Wanasinghe
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - D.Q. Wang
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - D.P. Wei
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
| | - C.L. Zhao
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China
| | - W. Aiphuk
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - O. Ajayi-Oyetunde
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 410 S Swing Rd, Greensboro, NC. 27409, USA
| | - T.D. Arantes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - J.C. Araujo
- Mykocosmos - Mycology and Science Communication, Rua JP 11 Qd. 18 Lote 13, Jd. Primavera 1ª etapa, Post Code 75.090-260, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/ GO), Quinta Avenida, Quadra 71, número 212, Setor Leste Vila Nova, Goiânia, Goiás, 74643-030, Brazil
| | - D. Begerow
- Organismic Botany and Mycology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - R.N. Barbosa
- Micoteca URM-Department of Mycology Prof. Chaves Batista, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Center for Biosciences, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip Code: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - F.H. Behrens
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - P. Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - C.A. Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445, USA
| | - B. Bubner
- Johan Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei, Institut für Forstgenetik, Eberswalder Chaussee 3a, 15377 Waldsieversdorf, Germany
| | - T.I. Burgess
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
| | - B. Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - N. Čadež
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Food Science and Technology Department Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F.J.S. Calaça
- Mykocosmos - Mycology and Science Communication, Rua JP 11 Qd. 18 Lote 13, Jd. Primavera 1ª etapa, Post Code 75.090-260, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/ GO), Quinta Avenida, Quadra 71, número 212, Setor Leste Vila Nova, Goiânia, Goiás, 74643-030, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências (LabPEC), Centro de Pesquisas e Educação Científica, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Central (CEPEC/UEG), Anápolis, GO, 75132-903, Brazil
| | - L.J. Campbell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P. Chaverri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA) and Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Y.Y. Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - K.W.T. Chethana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - B. Coetzee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School for Data Sciences and Computational Thinking, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M.M. Costa
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F.A. Custódio
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Y.C. Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - A.L.C.M.A. Santiago
- Post-graduate course in the Biology of Fungi, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - J. Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - A.J. Dissanayake
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - M. Doilom
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - W. Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - E. Álvarez-Duarte
- Mycology Unit, Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile, Chile
| | - M. Fischer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, D-76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - A.J. Gajanayake
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
| | - D. Gomdola
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - A.A.M. Gomes
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - G. Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5N6
| | - M.Q. He
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - L. Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
- Department of Preclinic Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Laboratory of Infectology and Clinical Immunology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - F. Jami
- Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - H. Kandemir
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - L. Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - N. Kobmoo
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - T. Kowalski
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - L. Landi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - C.G. Lin
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - J.K. Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - X.B. Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | | | - T. Luangharn
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - G.J. Makhathini Mkhwanazi
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - I.S. Manawasinghe
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Y. Marin-Felix
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - P.A. Moreau
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - O.V. Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Prof. Popov Str., 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, 125, Lenin av., 300026 Tula, Russia
| | - L. Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - H.D. Osiewacz
- Faculty for Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - D. Pem
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - R. Phookamsak
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - S. Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Pordel
- Plant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - C. Poyntner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Phonemany
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - I. Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A.R. Rathnayaka
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - G. Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Rothmann
- Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - C. Salgado-Salazar
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville MD, 20705, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - S.J. Saupe
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS Université de Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - M. Scholler
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstraße 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Scott
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
- Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth WA 6000, Australia
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
| | - P. Silar
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris Cité, 75205 Paris Cedex, France
| | - A.G.S. Silva-Filho
- IFungiLab, Departamento de Ciências e Matemática (DCM), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), São Paulo, BraziI
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Micoteca URM-Department of Mycology Prof. Chaves Batista, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Center for Biosciences, University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Zip Code: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - C.F.J. Spies
- Agricultural Research Council - Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - A.M. Stchigel
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut & IURESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Catalonia Spain
| | - K. Sterflinger
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (INTK), Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Augasse 2–6, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T.Y. Svetasheva
- Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, 125, Lenin av., 300026 Tula, Russia
| | - S. Takamatsu
- Mie University, Graduate School, Department of Bioresources, 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - B. Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R.C. Theodoro
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do RN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M. Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - N. Thongklang
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - R. Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Agrobiotech de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B. Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and DBVPG Industrial Yeasts Collection, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - T. van den Brule
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- TIFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - X.W. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - F. Wartchow
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - S. Welti
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S.N. Wijesinghe
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - F. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - R. Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Internationally Cooperative Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breeding of Edible Mushroom, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Z.L. Yang
- Syngenta Crop Protection, 410 S Swing Rd, Greensboro, NC. 27409, USA
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Brunswick, Germany
| | - L. Zhao
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - R.L. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - N. Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana University of Science and Technology, Private Bag, 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - K.D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht
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Baroncelli R, Cobo-Díaz JF, Benocci T, Peng M, Battaglia E, Haridas S, Andreopoulos W, LaButti K, Pangilinan J, Lipzen A, Koriabine M, Bauer D, Le Floch G, Mäkelä MR, Drula E, Henrissat B, Grigoriev IV, Crouch JA, de Vries RP, Sukno SA, Thon MR. Genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity is associated with adaptation to monocot and dicot plants in Colletotrichum fungi. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae036. [PMID: 38940768 PMCID: PMC11212070 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colletotrichum fungi infect a wide diversity of monocot and dicot hosts, causing diseases on almost all economically important plants worldwide. Colletotrichum is also a suitable model for studying gene family evolution on a fine scale to uncover events in the genome associated with biological changes. RESULTS Here we present the genome sequences of 30 Colletotrichum species covering the diversity within the genus. Evolutionary analyses revealed that the Colletotrichum ancestor diverged in the late Cretaceous in parallel with the diversification of flowering plants. We provide evidence of independent host jumps from dicots to monocots during the evolution of Colletotrichum, coinciding with a progressive shrinking of the plant cell wall degradative arsenal and expansions in lineage-specific gene families. Comparative transcriptomics of 4 species adapted to different hosts revealed similarity in gene content but high diversity in the modulation of their transcription profiles on different plant substrates. Combining genomics and transcriptomics, we identified a set of core genes such as specific transcription factors, putatively involved in plant cell wall degradation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the ancestral Colletotrichum were associated with dicot plants and certain branches progressively adapted to different monocot hosts, reshaping the gene content and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, Campus Vegazana, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Tiziano Benocci
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mao Peng
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evy Battaglia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - William Andreopoulos
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Maxim Koriabine
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Microbial Ecology (LUBEM), IBSAM, ESIAB, EA 3882, University of Brest, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Parv. Blaise Pascal, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elodie Drula
- UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille (AMU), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), USC 1408 AFMB, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille (AMU), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), USC 1408 AFMB, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23453 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serenella A Sukno
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Michael R Thon
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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Norphanphoun C, Hyde KD. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand. Pathogens 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 38133319 PMCID: PMC10747506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan's mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Norphanphoun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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Liu X, Li B, Cai J, Shi T, Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang G. Whole genome resequencing reveal patterns of genetic variation within Colletotrichum acutatum species complex from rubber trees in China. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 167:103801. [PMID: 37196569 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex possesses a diverse number of important traits, such as a wide host range and host preference, different modes of reproduction, and different strategies of host infection. Research using comparative genomics has attempted to find correlations between these traits. Here, we used multi-locus techniques and gene genealogical concordance analysis to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex using field isolates obtained from rubber trees. The results revealed that the dominant species was C. australisinense, followed by C. bannaense, while strain YNJH17109 was identified as C. laticiphilum. The taxonomic status of strains YNLC510 and YNLC511 was undetermined. Using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism data to analyze population structure, 18 strains of C. australisinense were subsequently divided into four populations, one of which was derived from an admixture of two populations. In addition, the strains LD1687, GD1628, and YNLC516, did not belong to any populations, and were considered to be admixtures of two or more populations. A split decomposition network analysis also provided evidence for genetic recombination within Colletotrichum acutatum species complex from rubber trees in China. Overall, a weak phylogeographic sub-structure was observed. Analysis also revealed significant differences in morphological characters and levels of virulence between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Boxun Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Jimiao Cai
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Tao Shi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China
| | - Guixiu Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, PR China.
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5
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Alkemade JA, Baroncelli R, Messmer MM, Hohmann P. Attack of the clones: Population genetics reveals clonality of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of lupin anthracnose. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:616-627. [PMID: 37078402 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum lupini, the causative agent of lupin anthracnose, affects lupin cultivation worldwide. Understanding its population structure and evolutionary potential is crucial to design successful disease management strategies. The objective of this study was to employ population genetics to investigate the diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and molecular basis of the interaction of this notorious lupin pathogen with its host. A collection of globally representative C. lupini isolates was genotyped through triple digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, resulting in a data set of unparalleled resolution. Phylogenetic and structural analysis could distinguish four independent lineages (I-IV). The strong population structure and high overall standardized index of association (r̅d ) indicates that C. lupini reproduces clonally. Different morphologies and virulence patterns on white lupin (Lupinus albus) and Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) were observed between and within clonal lineages. Isolates belonging to lineage II were shown to have a minichromosome that was also partly present in lineage III and IV, but not in lineage I isolates. Variation in the presence of this minichromosome could imply a role in host-pathogen interaction. All four lineages were present in the South American Andes region, which is suggested to be the centre of origin of this species. Only members of lineage II have been found outside South America since the 1990s, indicating it as the current pandemic population. As a seedborne pathogen, C. lupini has mainly spread through infected but symptomless seeds, stressing the importance of phytosanitary measures to prevent future outbreaks of strains that are yet confined to South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A Alkemade
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Enviromental Technology, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Monika M Messmer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hohmann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
- Bonaplanta, BioCrops Innovations SL, Manresa, Spain
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6
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Goulin E, Boufleur TR, Negrini F, Carneiro GA, Baraldi E, Machado MA, Floch GL, Baroncelli R. Genome Sequence Resources of Colletotrichum abscissum, the Causal Agent of Citrus Post-Bloom Fruit Drop, and the Closely Related Species C. filicis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:104-107. [PMID: 36537835 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0176-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Goulin
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Cordeiropolis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina-IFSC-Canoinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thais Regina Boufleur
- Department of Phytopathology and Nematology at the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)-University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greice Amaral Carneiro
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gaetan Le Floch
- INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Univ Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Becerra S, Baroncelli R, Boufleur TR, Sukno SA, Thon MR. Chromosome-level analysis of the Colletotrichum graminicola genome reveals the unique characteristics of core and minichromosomes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129319. [PMID: 37032845 PMCID: PMC10076810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola causes the anthracnose of maize (Zea mays) and is responsible for significant yield losses worldwide. The genome of C. graminicola was sequenced in 2012 using Sanger sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, and an optical map to obtain an assembly of 13 pseudochromosomes. We re-sequenced the genome using a combination of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (PacBio) technologies to obtain a chromosome-level assembly. The new version of the genome sequence has 13 chromosomes with a total length of 57.43 Mb. We detected 66 (23.62 Mb) structural rearrangements in the new assembly with respect to the previous version, consisting of 61 (21.98 Mb) translocations, 1 (1.41 Mb) inversion, and 4 (221 Kb) duplications. We annotated the genome and obtained 15,118 predicted genes and 3,614 new gene models compared to the previous version of the assembly. We show that 25.88% of the new assembly is composed of repetitive DNA elements (13.68% more than the previous assembly version), which are mostly found in gene-sparse regions. We describe genomic compartmentalization consisting of repeat-rich and gene-poor regions vs. repeat-poor and gene-rich regions. A total of 1,140 secreted proteins were found mainly in repeat-rich regions. We also found that ~75% of the three smallest chromosomes (minichromosomes, between 730 and 551 Kb) are strongly affected by repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) compared with 28% of the larger chromosomes. The gene content of the minichromosomes (MCs) comprises 121 genes, of which 83.6% are hypothetical proteins with no predicted function, while the mean percentage of Chr1-Chr10 is 36.5%. No predicted secreted proteins are present in the MCs. Interestingly, only 2% of the genes in Chr11 have homologs in other strains of C. graminicola, while Chr12 and 13 have 58 and 57%, respectively, raising the question as to whether Chrs12 and 13 are dispensable. The core chromosomes (Chr1-Chr10) are very different with respect to the MCs (Chr11-Chr13) in terms of the content and sequence features. We hypothesize that the higher density of repetitive elements and RIPs in the MCs may be linked to the adaptation and/or host co-evolution of this pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioly Becerra
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agrobiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agrobiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thaís R. Boufleur
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Serenella A. Sukno
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agrobiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain
- *Correspondence: Serenella A. Sukno
| | - Michael R. Thon
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agrobiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor, Spain
- Michael R. Thon
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8
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Peng K, Pan Y, Tan T, Zeng X, Lin M, Jiang S, Zhao Z, Tian F, Zhao X. Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum godetiae causing sweet cherry fruit anthracnose in Guizhou, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:923181. [PMID: 36312935 PMCID: PMC9611538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.923181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop with high economic and ornamental value in China. However, cherry fruit anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, greatly impacts cherry yield and quality. Here, we surveyed cherry anthracnose in Guizhou, China from 2019–2020. Necrotic sweet cherry fruits were collected from different areas in Guizhou and examined. A total of 116 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from these symptomatic fruits. Based on the morphological characteristics of the isolates and phylogenetic analyses of concatenate internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, TUB2, and HIS3 genes, the pathogen responsible for causing sweet cherry anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum godetiae. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating healthy sweet cherry fruits with spore suspensions of the fungal pathogen, and Koch’s postulates were confirmed by pathogen re-isolation and identification. The Q-1 isolate showed different sensitivities to 13 fungicides, exhibiting seven different modes of action, and its EC50 values ranged from 0.04 to 91.26 μg ml−1. According to that, the sensitivity of 20 isolates from different samples to ten fungicides with better performance, were measured. The results showed that 6 of the 10 fungicides (difenoconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz-manganese, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole, and difenoconazole-azoxystrobin) all showed higher sensitive to the 20\u00B0C. godetiae isolates, and no resistance groups appeared. Its EC50 values ranged from 0.013 to 1.563 μg ml−1. In summary, this is the first report demonstrating that C. godetiae causes sweet cherry anthracnose and the results of this study provide insights into how sweet cherry anthracnose could be effectively controlled in China.
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Liu X, Li B, Cai J, Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang G. Characterization and necrosis-inducing activity of necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins from Colletotrichum australisinense, the causative agent of rubber tree anthracnose. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969479. [PMID: 36110300 PMCID: PMC9468550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum australisinense, a member of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, is an important pathogen causing rubber tree anthracnose. Genome-wide comparative analysis showed this species complex contains more genes encoding necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) than other Colletotrichum species complexes, but little is known about their necrosis-inducing roles in host. The aim of this study was to analyze NLPs number and type in C. australisinense, and characterize their necrosis-inducing activity in host or non-host. According to phylogenetic relationship, conserved the cysteine residues and the heptapeptide motif (GHRHDWE), 11 NLPs were identified and classified into three types. Five of the eleven NLPs were evaluated for necrosis-inducing activity. CaNLP4 (type 1) could not induce necrosis in host or non-host plants. By contrast, both CaNLP5 and CaNLP9 (type 1) induced necrosis in host and non-host plants, and necrosis-inducing activity was strongest for CaNLP9. CaNLP10 (type 2) and CaNLP11 (type 3) induced necrosis in host but not non-host plants. Substitution of key amino acid residues essential for necrosis induction activity led to loss of CaNLP4 activity. Structural characterization of CaNLP5 and CaNLP9 may explain differences in necrosis-inducing activity. We evaluated the expression of genes coding CaNLP by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at different time-points after pathogen infection. It was found that genes encoding CaNLPs with different activities exhibited significantly different expression patterns. The results demonstrate that CaNLPs are functionally and spatially distinct, and may play different but important roles in C. australisinense pathogenesis.
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10
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Transcription factor lineages in plant-pathogenic fungi, connecting diversity with fungal virulence. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 161:103712. [PMID: 35667520 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic fungi span diverse taxonomic lineages. Their host-infection strategies are often specialised and require the coordinated regulation of molecular virulence factors. Transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental regulators of gene expression, yet relatively few virulence-specific regulators are characterised in detail and their evolutionary trajectories are not well understood. Hence, this study compared the full range of TFs across taxonomically-diverse fungal proteomes and classified their lineages through an orthology analysis. The primary aims were to characterise differences in the range and profile of TF lineages broadly linked to plant-host association or pathogenic lifestyles, and to better characterise the evolutionary origin and trajectory of experimentally-validated virulence regulators. We observed significantly fewer TFs among obligate, host-associated pathogens, largely attributed to contractions in several Zn2Cys6 TF-orthogroup lineages. We also present novel insight into the key virulence-regulating TFs Ste12, Pf2 and EBR1, providing evidence for their ancestral origins, expansion and/or loss. Ultimately, the analysis presented here provides both primary evidence for TF evolution in fungal phytopathogenicity, as well as a practical phylogenetic resource to guide further detailed investigation on the regulation of virulence within key pathogen lineages.
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11
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Alkemade JA, Nazzicari N, Messmer MM, Annicchiarico P, Ferrari B, Voegele RT, Finckh MR, Arncken C, Hohmann P. Genome-wide association study reveals white lupin candidate gene involved in anthracnose resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1011-1024. [PMID: 34988630 PMCID: PMC8942938 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-04014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
GWAS identifies candidate gene controlling resistance to anthracnose disease in white lupin. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a promising grain legume to meet the growing demand for plant-based protein. Its cultivation, however, is severely threatened by anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lupini. To dissect the genetic architecture for anthracnose resistance, genotyping by sequencing was performed on white lupin accessions collected from the center of domestication and traditional cultivation regions. GBS resulted in 4611 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 181 accessions, which were combined with resistance data observed under controlled conditions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Obtained disease phenotypes were shown to highly correlate with overall three-year disease assessments under Swiss field conditions (r > 0.8). GWAS results identified two significant SNPs associated with anthracnose resistance on gene Lalb_Chr05_g0216161 encoding a RING zinc-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase which is potentially involved in plant immunity. Population analysis showed a remarkably fast linkage disequilibrium decay, weak population structure and grouping of commercial varieties with landraces, corresponding to the slow domestication history and scarcity of modern breeding efforts in white lupin. Together with 15 highly resistant accessions identified in the resistance assay, our findings show promise for further crop improvement. This study provides the basis for marker-assisted selection, genomic prediction and studies aimed at understanding anthracnose resistance mechanisms in white lupin and contributes to improving breeding programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A Alkemade
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Nelson Nazzicari
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, CREA, Lodi, Italy
| | - Monika M Messmer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland.
| | | | - Barbara Ferrari
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, CREA, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ralf T Voegele
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Christine Arncken
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hohmann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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12
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Cheon W, Kim YS, Balaraju K, Lee Y, Kwon HT, Jeon J, Jeon Y. Distinct Transcriptional Programs Underlie Differences in Virulence of Isolates on Host Plants in a Fungal Pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743776. [PMID: 34858364 PMCID: PMC8630545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptible host plants challenged by fungal pathogens can display different types of lesions, which can be attributed to environmental factors affecting the nature of interactions between the host and pathogen. During our survey of apple anthracnose in Korea, two distinct types of disease symptoms, designated as progressive (PS) and static symptoms (SS), were recognized. PS is a typical, rapidly enlarging symptom of apple anthracnose, while SS is a small, dark speck that does not expand further until the harvesting season. Isolation and genotyping of pathogens from disease lesions suggested that all of them belong to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a well-known causal agent of apple anthracnose. Two types of isolates were comparable in growth on media, spore germination and appressorium formation, virulence test on fruits at various temperature conditions. Furthermore, they were analyzed at the molecular level by a phylogenetic tree, RNA-seq, and expression of virulence gene. However, the SS isolates were defective in appressorium-mediated penetration into the underlying substratum. RNA-seq analysis of PS and SS isolates showed that distinct transcriptional programs underlie the development of different types of anthracnose symptoms in host plants. One downregulated gene in SS encoded isocitrate lyase is essential for disease development via its involvement in the glyoxylate cycle. It partly explains why SS is less virulent than PS on host plants. Overall, our work challenges the traditional view on the development of different lesion types and provides valuable insights into variations that exist in the pathogen population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsu Cheon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Younmi Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Tae Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Baroncelli R, Pensec F, Da Lio D, Boufleur T, Vicente I, Sarrocco S, Picot A, Baraldi E, Sukno S, Thon M, Le Floch G. Complete Genome Sequence of the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum lupini. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:1461-1464. [PMID: 34402629 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-21-0173-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum is a fungal genus (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Glomerellaceae) that includes many economically important plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases of a wide range of plants. In this work, using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies, we sequenced the genome of Colletotrichum lupini RB221, isolated from white lupin (Lupinus albus) in France during a survey in 2014. The genome was assembled into 11 nuclear chromosomes and a mitochondrial genome with a total assembly size of 63.41 Mb and 36.55 kb, respectively. In total, 18,324 protein-encoding genes have been predicted, of which only 39 are specific to C. lupini. This resource will provide insight into pathogenicity factors and will help provide a better understanding of the evolution and genome structure of this important plant pathogen.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flora Pensec
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Univ Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Daniele Da Lio
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Univ Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Thais Boufleur
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Vicente
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adeline Picot
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Univ Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serenella Sukno
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Spain
| | - Michael Thon
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, 37185 Villamayor, Spain
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Univ Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France
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14
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The Role of Plant Hormones in the Interaction of Colletotrichum Species with Their Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212454. [PMID: 34830343 PMCID: PMC8620030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum is a plant pathogenic fungus which is able to infect virtually every economically important plant species. Up to now no common infection mechanism has been identified comparing different plant and Colletotrichum species. Plant hormones play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions regardless whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic. In this review we analyze the role of ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin and salicylic acid during Colletotrichum infections. Different Colletotrichum strains are capable of auxin production and this might contribute to virulence. In this review the role of different plant hormones in plant—Colletotrichum interactions will be discussed and thereby auxin biosynthetic pathways in Colletotrichum spp. will be proposed.
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15
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Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Moral J, Agustí-Brisach C, Raya MC, Jurado-Bello J, López-Moral A, Roca LF, Chattaoui M, Rhouma A, Nigro F, Sergeeva V, Trapero A. Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Olive Anthracnose Worldwide. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:741. [PMID: 34575779 PMCID: PMC8466006 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Maria Carmen Raya
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - José Jurado-Bello
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Ana López-Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Luis F. Roca
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Mayssa Chattaoui
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208 Cité Mahrajene, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Ali Rhouma
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208 Cité Mahrajene, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Franco Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vera Sergeeva
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2747, Australia;
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
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Fu T, Han JH, Shin JH, Song H, Ko J, Lee YH, Kim KT, Kim KS. Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the Colletotrichum scovillei-Pepper Pathosystem. mBio 2021; 12:e0162021. [PMID: 34425710 PMCID: PMC8406175 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01620-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum scovillei, an ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, is the main causal agent of serious yield losses of economic crops worldwide. The fungus causes anthracnose disease on several fruits, including peppers. However, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. In an initial step toward understanding the development of anthracnose on pepper fruits, we retrieved 624 transcription factors (TFs) from the whole genome of C. scovillei and comparatively analyzed the entire repertoire of TFs among phytopathogenic fungi. Evolution and proliferation of members of the homeobox-like superfamily, including homeobox (HOX) TFs that regulate the development of eukaryotic organisms, were demonstrated in the genus Colletotrichum. C. scovillei was found to contain 10 HOX TF genes (CsHOX1 to CsHOX10), which were functionally characterized using deletion mutants of each CsHOX gene. Notably, CsHOX1 was identified as a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanisms, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 were found to play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study provides a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid in the development of novel approaches for disease management. IMPORTANCE The ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes serious yield loss on peppers. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. We analyzed whole-genome sequences of C. scovillei and isolated 624 putative TFs, revealing the existence of 10 homeobox (HOX) transcription factor (TF) genes. We found that CsHOX1 is a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanism, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. We also found that CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study contributes to understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid for initiating novel approaches for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fu
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Department of Research and Development, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Shin
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeunjeong Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Immunity Research Center, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Ko
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Immunity Research Center, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Immunity Research Center, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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18
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Luo Q, Schoeneberg A, Hu M. Resistance to Azoxystrobin and Thiophanate-Methyl Is Widespread in Colletotrichum spp. Isolates From the Mid-Atlantic Strawberry Fields. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2202-2208. [PMID: 33206015 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-2048-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Colletotrichum species have been found to be responsible for strawberry anthracnose, and prevalence of each species seems to vary by regions and/or host tissues. In this study, a total of 200 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from different strawberry cultivars displaying anthracnose symptoms in the mid-Atlantic fields. Analysis of g3pdh, tub2, and/or internal transcribed spacer sequences revealed four Colletotrichum species, including C. nymphaeae, C. fioriniae, C. siamense, and C. lineola. C. nymphaeae was the predominant species, representing 90% of all isolates collected. This species was found from all strawberry organs/tissues examined, whereas C. siamense and C. fioriniae were limited to the crown and fruit, respectively. Further, all Colletotrichum isolates were screened for resistance to azoxystrobin in vitro, and all C. siamense isolates were additionally screened for resistance to thiophanate-methyl. The overall frequency of resistance to azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl was 48 and 67%, respectively. G143A in the cytochrome b gene was found in all C. nymphaeae and C. siamense isolates with high level of resistance, with EC50 >100 µg/ml, while F129L was found in two of the five C. nymphaeae isolates with moderate resistance, with EC50 values ranging from 2.6 to 7.8 µg/ml. All C. fioriniae isolates tested were found to be less sensitive to azoxystrobin, with EC50 values ranging from 9.7 to 14.4 µg/ml, despite no mutations detected in the cytochrome b gene. Moreover, E198A in tub2 was linked with C. siamense isolates resistant to thiophanate-methyl (EC50 >100 µg/ml). These results revealed that resistance in Colletotrichum spp. to primary fungicides is widespread in the mid-Atlantic strawberry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Luo
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Anita Schoeneberg
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13547. [PMID: 34188142 PMCID: PMC8242092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupin cultivation worldwide is threatened by anthracnose, a destructive disease caused by the seed- and air-borne fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lupini. In this study we explored the intraspecific diversity of 39 C. lupini isolates collected from different lupin cultivating regions around the world, and representative isolates were screened for their pathogenicity and virulence on white and Andean lupin. Multi-locus phylogeny and morphological characterizations showed intraspecific diversity to be greater than previously shown, distinguishing a total of six genetic groups and ten distinct morphotypes. Highest diversity was found across South America, indicating it as the center of origin of C. lupini. The isolates that correspond to the current pandemic belong to a genetic and morphological uniform group, were globally widespread, and showed high virulence on tested white and Andean lupin accessions. Isolates belonging to the other five genetic groups were mostly found locally and showed distinct virulence patterns. Two highly virulent strains were shown to overcome resistance of advanced white lupin breeding material. This stresses the need to be careful with international seed transports in order to prevent spread of currently confined but potentially highly virulent strains. This study improves our understanding of the diversity, phylogeography and pathogenicity of a member of one of the world's top 10 plant pathogen genera, providing valuable information for breeding programs and future disease management.
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Boufleur TR, Ciampi‐Guillardi M, Tikami Í, Rogério F, Thon MR, Sukno SA, Massola Júnior NS, Baroncelli R. Soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species: Current status and future prospects. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:393-409. [PMID: 33609073 PMCID: PMC7938629 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important cultivated plants worldwide as a source of protein-rich foods and animal feeds. Anthracnose, caused by different lineages of the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum, is one of the main limiting factors to soybean production. Losses due to anthracnose have been neglected, but their impact may threaten up to 50% of the grain production. TAXONOMY While C. truncatum is considered the main species associated with soybean anthracnose, recently other species have been reported as pathogenic on this host. Until now, it has not been clear whether the association of new Colletotrichum species with the disease is related to emerging species or whether it is due to the undergoing changes in the taxonomy of the genus. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Typical anthracnose symptoms are pre- and postemergence damping-off; dark, depressed, and irregular spots on cotyledons, stems, petioles, and pods; and necrotic laminar veins on leaves that can result in premature defoliation. Symptoms may evolve to pod rot, immature opening of pods, and premature germination of grains. CHALLENGES As accurate species identification of the causal agent is decisive for disease control and prevention, in this work we review the taxonomic designation of Colletotrichum isolated from soybean to understand which lineages are pathogenic on this host. We also present a comprehensive literature review of soybean anthracnose, focusing on distribution, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease management, identification, and diagnosis. We consider the knowledge emerging from population studies and comparative genomics of Colletotrichum spp. associated with soybean providing future perspectives in the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenicity process. USEFUL WEBSITE Updates on Colletotrichum can be found at http://www.colletotrichum.org/. All available Colletotrichum genomes on GenBank can be viewed at http://www.colletotrichum.org/genomics/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais R. Boufleur
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Maisa Ciampi‐Guillardi
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Ísis Tikami
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Flávia Rogério
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Michael R. Thon
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Serenella A. Sukno
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Nelson S. Massola Júnior
- Department of Plant Pathology and NematologyUniversity of São Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ)Piracicaba, São PauloBrazil
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano‐Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE)Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
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Choub V, Maung CEH, Won SJ, Moon JH, Kim KY, Han YS, Cho JY, Ahn YS. Antifungal Activity of Cyclic Tetrapeptide from Bacillus velezensis CE 100 against Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020209. [PMID: 33672094 PMCID: PMC7919652 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of a cyclic tetrapeptide from Bacillus velezensis CE 100 against anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Antifungal compound produced by B. velezensis CE 100 was isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth using octadecylsilane column chromatography. The purified compound was identified as cyclo-(prolyl-valyl-alanyl-isoleucyl) based on mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. This is the first report of the isolation of a cyclic tetrapeptide from B. velezensis CE 100 culture filtrate. Cyclic tetrapeptide displayed strong antifungal activity at concentration of 1000 µg/mL against C. gloeosporioides mycelial growth and spore germination. Our results demonstrate that the antifungal cyclic tetrapeptide from B. velezensis CE 100 has potential in bioprotection against anthracnose disease of plants caused by C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vantha Choub
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Division of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (C.E.H.M.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Sang-Jae Won
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Moon
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.)
| | - Kil Yong Kim
- Division of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (C.E.H.M.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (Y.S.A.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2143 (J.-Y.C.); +82-62-530-2081 (Y.S.A.); Fax: +82-62-530-2149 (J.-Y.C.); +82-62-530-2089 (Y.S.A.)
| | - Young Sang Ahn
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (V.C.); (S.-J.W.); (J.-H.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (Y.S.A.); Tel.: +82-62-530-2143 (J.-Y.C.); +82-62-530-2081 (Y.S.A.); Fax: +82-62-530-2149 (J.-Y.C.); +82-62-530-2089 (Y.S.A.)
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22
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Huo J, Wang Y, Hao Y, Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhang K, Tan X, Li Z, Wang W. Genome Sequence Resource for Colletotrichum scovillei, the Cause of Anthracnose Disease of Chili. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:122-126. [PMID: 33006530 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-20-0055-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species cause anthracnose disease on the economically important spice crop chili. A total of 24 Colletotrichum species are known to infect chili and cause anthracnose. C. scovillei belongs to the C. acutatum species complex, and it shows greater aggressiveness than other species, particularly in the case of inoculation onto the nonwounded fruits of chili plants. The current work introduces an initial Illumina-Nanopore hybrid draft genome for C. scovillei TJNH1 together with the related annotations. Knowledge of this genome sequence provides an important reference genome of C. scovillei and will help further understand the pathogenic mechanism of C. scovillei to plant.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yongjuan Hao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Yurong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125 Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 300381 Tianjin, China
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23
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Kim CH, Hassan O, Chang T. Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Anthracnose in South Korea. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2866-2874. [PMID: 32924872 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0050-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apple fruits with anthracnose symptoms were collected from commercial apple orchards in different regions of the Republic of Korea, and isolations were made on potato dextrose agar to isolate the causal agents. The fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics, growth rates, and multigene sequences. Nine isolates were identified via phylogenetic analysis: three Colletotrichum fructicola, two C. fioriniae, one C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.), two C. nymphaeae, and one C. siamense isolates. The pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum isolates was tested using detached apple fruits under laboratory conditions. This study also reidentified six Colletotrichum isolates responsible for apple anthracnose, which were deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Among the six isolates, three were identified as C. siamense (deposited as C. gloeosporioides s.s.), and three were C. nymphaeae (deposited as C. acutatum s.s.). All the Colletotrichum species identified in this study were highly sensitive to tebuconazole in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50 value of 0.12 to 2.1 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliul Hassan
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Chang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk 37224, Republic of Korea
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Dubrulle G, Picot A, Madec S, Corre E, Pawtowski A, Baroncelli R, Zivy M, Balliau T, Le Floch G, Pensec F. Deciphering the Infectious Process of Colletotrichum lupini in Lupin through Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101621. [PMID: 33096724 PMCID: PMC7589765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal phytopathogen Colletotrichum lupini is responsible for lupin anthracnose, resulting in significant yield losses worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying this infectious process are yet to be elucidated. This study proposes to evaluate C. lupini gene expression and protein synthesis during lupin infection, using, respectively, an RNAseq-based transcriptomic approach and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. Patterns of differentially-expressed genes in planta were evaluated from 24 to 84 hours post-inoculation, and compared to in vitro cultures. A total of 897 differentially-expressed genes were identified from C. lupini during interaction with white lupin, of which 520 genes were predicted to have a putative function, including carbohydrate active enzyme, effector, protease or transporter-encoding genes, commonly described as pathogenicity factors for other Colletotrichum species during plant infection, and 377 hypothetical proteins. Simultaneously, a total of 304 proteins produced during the interaction were identified and quantified by mass spectrometry. Taken together, the results highlight that the dynamics of symptoms, gene expression and protein synthesis shared similarities to those of hemibiotrophic pathogens. In addition, a few genes with unknown or poorly-described functions were found to be specifically associated with the early or late stages of infection, suggesting that they may be of importance for pathogenicity. This study, conducted for the first time on a species belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, presents an opportunity to deepen functional analyses of the genes involved in the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. during the onset of plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dubrulle
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Adeline Picot
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Madec
- CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, FR2424 CNRS Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France;
| | - Audrey Pawtowski
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain;
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE le Moulon, Plateforme PAPPSO, ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.Z.); (T.B.)
| | - Thierry Balliau
- INRAE le Moulon, Plateforme PAPPSO, ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.Z.); (T.B.)
| | - Gaétan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (G.L.F.)
| | - Flora Pensec
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (G.D.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (G.L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)298-017-200
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25
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López-Moral A, Agustí-Brisach C, Lovera M, Arquero O, Trapero A. Almond Anthracnose: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080945. [PMID: 32726936 PMCID: PMC7463757 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Almond anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has been described as one of the most important diseases of this nut crop in the main almond-growing regions worldwide, including California, Australia and Spain. Currently, almond anthracnose is considered a re-emerging disease in the countries across the Mediterranean Basin due to the shift of plantations from the original crop areas to others with climatic, edaphic and orographic conditions favoring crop growing and yield. The pathogen mainly affects fruit at the youngest maturity stages, causing depressed, round and orange or brown lesions with abundant gum. The affected fruits can fall prematurely and lead to the drying of branches, causing significant economic losses in years of epidemics. This review aims to compile the current knowledge on the etiology, epidemiology and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.A.-B.)
| | - María Lovera
- Departamento de Fruticultura Mediterránea, IFAPA, Alameda del obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.); (O.A.)
| | - Octavio Arquero
- Departamento de Fruticultura Mediterránea, IFAPA, Alameda del obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.); (O.A.)
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.L.-M.); (C.A.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218-529
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26
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Cacciola SO, Gilardi G, Faedda R, Schena L, Pane A, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. Characterization of Colletotrichum ocimi Population Associated with Black Spot of Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum) in Northern Italy. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050654. [PMID: 32455920 PMCID: PMC7285085 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Black spot is a major foliar disease of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) present in a typical cultivation area of northern Italy, including the Liguria and southern Piedmont regions, where this aromatic herb is an economically important crop. In this study, 15 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from sweet basil plants with symptoms of black spot sampled in this area were characterized morphologically and by nuclear DNA analysis using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and intervening 5.8S nrDNA as well as part of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2) regions as barcode markers. Analysis revealed all but one isolate belonged to the recently described species C. ocimi of the C. destructivum species complex. Only one isolate was identified as C. destructivum sensu stricto (s.s.). In pathogenicity tests on sweet basil, both C. ocimi and C. destructivum s.s. isolates incited typical symptoms of black spot, showing that although C. ocimi prevails in this basil production area, it is not the sole causal agent of black spot in northern Italy. While no other hosts of C. ocimi are known worldwide, the close related species C. destructivum has a broad host range, suggesting a speciation process of C. ocimi within this species complex driven by adaptation to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanna Gilardi
- Agroinnova—Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Roberto Faedda
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Leonardo Schena
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Pane
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Garibaldi
- Agroinnova—Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Agroinnova—Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (A.G.); (M.L.G.)
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27
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Plaumann PL, Koch C. The Many Questions about Mini Chromosomes in Colletotrichum spp. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050641. [PMID: 32438596 PMCID: PMC7284448 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many fungal pathogens carry accessory regions in their genome, which are not required for vegetative fitness. Often, although not always, these regions occur as relatively small chromosomes in different species. Such mini chromosomes appear to be a typical feature of many filamentous plant pathogens. Since these regions often carry genes coding for effectors or toxin-producing enzymes, they may be directly related to virulence of the respective pathogen. In this review, we outline the situation of small accessory chromosomes in the genus Colletotrichum, which accounts for ecologically important plant diseases. We summarize which species carry accessory chromosomes, their gene content, and chromosomal makeup. We discuss the large variation in size and number even between different isolates of the same species, their potential roles in host range, and possible mechanisms for intra- and interspecies exchange of these interesting genetic elements.
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Pszczółkowska A, Androsiuk P, Jastrzębski JP, Paukszto Ł, Okorski A. rps3 as a Candidate Mitochondrial Gene for the Molecular Identification of Species from the Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E552. [PMID: 32422999 PMCID: PMC7290925 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species form one of the most economically significant groups of pathogenic fungi and lead to significant losses in the production of major crops-in particular, fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, shrubs, and trees. Members of the genus Colletotrichum cause anthracnose disease in many plants. Due to their considerable variation, these fungi have been widely investigated in genetic studies as model organisms. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of four Colletotrichum species (C. fioriniae, C. lupini, C. salicis, and C. tamarilloi). The reported circular mitogenomes range from 30,020 (C. fioriniae) to 36,554 bp (C. lupini) in size and have identical sets of genes, including 15 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. All four mitogenomes are characterized by a rather poor repetitive sequence content with only forward repeat representatives and a low number of microsatellites. The topology of the phylogenetic tree reflects the systematic positions of the studied species, with representatives of each Colletotrichum species complex gathered in one clade. A comparative analysis reveals consistency in the gene composition and order of Colletotrichum mitogenomes, although some highly divergent regions are also identified, like the rps3 gene which appears as a source of potential diagnostic markers for all studied Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pszczółkowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.P.J.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.P.J.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.P.J.); (Ł.P.)
| | - Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (A.O.)
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Masi M, Nocera P, Boari A, Zonno MC, Pescitelli G, Sarrocco S, Baroncelli R, Vannacci G, Vurro M, Evidente A. Secondary metabolites produced by Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of anthachnose of lupin ( Lupinus spp.). Mycologia 2020; 112:533-542. [PMID: 32330111 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1732148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COLLETOTRICHUM LUPINI is the causal agent of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) anthracnose, a destructive seed-borne disease affecting stems and pods. Despite that several biological studies have been carried out on this pathogen, the production of secondary metabolites has not yet been investigated. Thus, a strain of C. lupini, obtained from symptomatic stems of L. albus, has been grown in vitro to evaluate its ability to produce bioactive compounds. From its culture filtrates, a 3-substituted indolinone, named lupindolinone, and a 5,6-disubstituted tetrahydro-α-pyrone, named lupinlactone, were isolated together with the known (3R)-mevalonolactone and tyrosol. Lupindolinone and lupinlactone were characterized as 3-ethylindolin-2-one and 5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one by spectroscopic methods (essentially nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [HR ESI-MS]). The R absolute configuration (AC) at C-5 of lupinlactone was determined by applying the modified Mosher's method. Thus, considering its relative stereochemistry assigned by NMR spectroscopy, the AC of lupinlactone could be formulated as 5R,6S. Lupindolinone was isolated as racemic mixture as shown by investigation using chiroptical methods. The metabolites were assayed in different biological tests and proved to have some activities at the used concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Nocera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Boari
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zonno
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa , Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa , Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca , Calle del Duero 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
| | - Giovanni Vannacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa , Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR , Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Cabral A, Azinheira HG, Talhinhas P, Batista D, Ramos AP, Silva MDC, Oliveira H, Várzea V. Pathological, Morphological, Cytogenomic, Biochemical and Molecular Data Support the Distinction between Colletotrichum cigarro comb. et stat. nov. and Colletotrichum kahawae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E502. [PMID: 32295225 PMCID: PMC7238176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum has witnessed tremendous variations over the years in the number of species recognized, ranging from 11 to several hundreds. Host-specific fungal species, once the rule, are now the exception, with polyphagous behavior regarded as normal in this genus. The species Colletotrichum kahawae was created to accommodate the pathogens that have the unique ability to infect green developing coffee berries causing the devastating Coffee Berry Disease in Africa, but its close phylogenetic relationship to a polyphagous group of fungi in the C. gloeosporioides species complex led some researchers to regard these pathogens as members of a wider species. In this work we combine pathological, morphological, cytogenomic, biochemical, and molecular data of a comprehensive set of phylogenetically-related isolates to show that the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen forms a separate species, C. kahawae, and also to assign the closely related fungi, previously in C. kahawae subsp. cigarro, to a new species, C. cigarro comb. et stat. nov. This taxonomic clarification provides an opportunity to link phylogeny and functional biology, and additionally enables a much-needed tool for plant pathology and agronomy, associating exclusively C. kahawae to the Coffee Berry Disease pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cabral
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena G. Azinheira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
| | - Vítor Várzea
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.); (H.G.A.); (D.B.); (A.P.R.); (M.d.C.S.); (H.O.); (V.V.)
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal
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Shin JH, Han JH, Park HH, Fu T, Kim KS. Optimization of Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Transformation of the Pepper Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum scovillei to Develop an Applied Genomics Approach. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:575-584. [PMID: 31832038 PMCID: PMC6901253 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2019.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum is a species complex responsible for anthracnose disease in a wide range of host plants. Strain C. acutatum KC05, which was previously isolated from an infected pepper in Gangwon Province of South Korea, was reidentified as C. scovillei using combined sequence analyses of multiple genes. As a prerequisite for understanding the pathogenic development of the pepper anthracnose pathogen, we optimized the transformation system of C. scovillei KC05. Protoplast generation from young hyphae of KC05 was optimal in an enzymatic digestion using a combined treatment of 2% lysing enzyme and 0.8% driselase in 1 M NH4Cl for 3 h incubation. Prolonged incubation for more than 3 h decreased protoplast yields. Protoplast growth of KC05 was completely inhibited for 4 days on regeneration media containing 200 μg/ml hygromycin B, indicating the viability of this antibiotic as a selection marker. To evaluate transformation efficiency, we tested polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation of KC05 using 19 different loci found throughout 10 (of 27) scaffolds, covering approximately 84.1% of the entire genome. PCR screening showed that the average transformation efficiency was about 17.1% per 100 colonies. Southern blot analyses revealed that at least one transformant per locus had single copy integration of PCR-screened positive transformants. Our results provide valuable information for a functional genomics approach to the pepper anthracnose pathogen C. scovillei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Corresponding author.: Phone) +82-33-250-6435, FAX) +82-33-259-5558, E-mail)
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Werbel WA, Baroncelli R, Shoham S, Zhang SX. Angioinvasive, cutaneous infection due to Colletotrichum siamense in a stem cell transplant recipient: Report and review of prior cases. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13153. [PMID: 31357231 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum is an important fungal plant pathogen, yet an uncommon cause of human disease. Herein we report a case of invasive, cutaneous infection in a stem cell transplant recipient due to Colletotrichum species, with accompanying review of the literature. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that the distinct isolate belongs to Colletotrichum siamense, a member of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex not previously described as a human pathogen. Colletotrichum infection remains in the differential for skin lesions in the immune compromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Werbel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean X Zhang
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pecchia S, Caggiano B, Da Lio D, Cafà G, Le Floch G, Baroncelli R. Molecular Detection of the Seed-Borne Pathogen Colletotrichum lupini Targeting the Hyper-Variable IGS Region of the Ribosomal Cluster. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E222. [PMID: 31337095 PMCID: PMC6681257 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupins anthracnose is a destructive seed and airborne disease caused by Colletotrichum lupini, affecting stems and pods. Primary seed infections as low as 0.01-0.1% can cause very severe yield losses. One of the most effective management strategies is the development of a robust and sensitive seed detection assay to screen seed lots before planting. PCR-based detection systems exhibit higher levels of sensitivity than conventional techniques, but when applied to seed tests they require the extraction of PCR-quality DNA from target organisms in backgrounds of saprophytic organisms and inhibitory seed-derived compounds. To overcome these limitations, a new detection protocol for C. lupini based on a biological enrichment step followed by a PCR assay was developed. Several enrichment protocols were compared with Yeast Malt Broth amended with ampicillin, streptomycin, and lactic acid were the most efficient. A species-specific C. lupini primer pair was developed based on rDNA IGS sequences. The specificity was evaluated against 17 strains of C. lupini, 23 different Colletotrichum species, and 21 different organisms isolated from seeds of Lupinus albus cv. Multitalia, L. luteus cv. Mister, and L. angustifolius cv. Tango. The protocol described here enabled the detection of C. lupini in samples artificially infected with less than 1/10,000 infected seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pecchia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Caggiano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Da Lio
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, EA 3882, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Giovanni Cafà
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, EA 3882, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain.
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Zhou S, Qiao L, Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Xiaoya Ma, Wen T, Kang J. Two new endophytic Colletotrichum species from Nothapodytespittosporoides in China. MycoKeys 2019; 49:1-14. [PMID: 30914842 PMCID: PMC6422929 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.31904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new endophytic species, Colletotrichumjishouense sp. nov. and. C.tongrenense sp. nov. were isolated from Nothapodytespittosporoides in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these new taxa are provided and morphological comparisons with similar taxa are explored. Phylogenetic analysis with combined sequence data (ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2) demonstrated that both species formed distinct clades in this genus. This is the first record of Colletotrichum species from N.pittosporoides in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou province 550006, ChinaGuizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangChina
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Tingchi Wen
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Karimi K, Arzanlou M, Pertot I. Weeds as Potential Inoculum Reservoir for Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Strawberry Anthracnose in Iran and Rep-PCR Fingerprinting as Useful Marker to Differentiate C. acutatum Complex on Strawberry. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:129. [PMID: 30809201 PMCID: PMC6379352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is considered one of the most serious and destructive disease of strawberry worldwide. Weeds, as possible hosts of the pathogen, could have a role as potential inoculum reservoir. To prove this hypothesis, symptomless weeds were collected in strawberry fields showing anthracnose symptoms in Iran. Ten isolates with Colletotrichum-like colonies were recovered from symptomless Amaranthus viridis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Fumaria officinalis L., Lactuca serriola L., and Sonchus oleraceus L. plants. The isolates were identified as C. nymphaeae, based on a combination of morphological and sequence data of TUB and GADPH genes. This identification was further validated using Rep-PCR fingerprinting analysis, which produces species-specific DNA fingerprints and unveils inter and intra variation of the species examined in this study. Moreover, rep-PCR marker was used to reveal accurate taxonomic position of Colletorichum spp. causing strawberry anthracnose belonging to the C. acutatum complex, including C. acutatum sensu stricto, C. fiorinae, C. godetiae, C. nymphaeae, C. salicis, and C. simmondsii. The C. nymphaeae isolates originating from symptomless weeds confirmed their pathogenicity on detached strawberry, proving that weeds in strawberry field may have a role as reservoir of inoculum. However, further studies are necessary to quantify their actual contribution to anthracnose epidemics in strawberry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivan Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mahdi Arzanlou
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Baroncelli R, Sukno SA, Sarrocco S, Cafà G, Le Floch G, Thon MR. Whole-Genome Sequence of the Orchid Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum orchidophilum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:979-981. [PMID: 29649963 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0055-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum orchidophilum is a plant-pathogenic fungus infecting a wide range of plant species belonging to the family Orchidaceae. In addition to its economic impact, C. orchidophilum has been used in recent years in evolutionary studies because it represents the closest related species to the C. acutatum species complex. Here, we present the first-draft whole-genome sequence of C. orchidophilum IMI 309357, providing a resource for future research on anthracnose of Orchidaceae and other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Baroncelli
- 1 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
- 2 Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
| | - Serenella A Sukno
- 2 Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- 3 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy; and
| | - Giovanni Cafà
- 4 CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, U.K
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- 1 Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michael R Thon
- 2 Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
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Da Lio D, Cobo-Díaz JF, Masson C, Chalopin M, Kebe D, Giraud M, Verhaeghe A, Nodet P, Sarrocco S, Le Floch G, Baroncelli R. Combined Metabarcoding and Multi-locus approach for Genetic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with common walnut (Juglans regia) anthracnose in France. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10765. [PMID: 30018385 PMCID: PMC6050315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglans regia (walnut) is a species belonging to the family Juglandaceae. Broadly spread in diverse temperate and subtropical regions, walnut is primarily cultivated for its nuts. In France, Colletotrichum sp. on walnut was detected for the first time in 2007; in 2011 the disease led to 50-70% losses in nut production. A combined approach of metabarcoding analysis and multi-locus genetic characterization of isolated strains has been used for taxonomic designation and to study the genetic variability of this pathogen in France. Evidence indicates that four Colletotrichum species are associated with walnut in France: 3 belong to the C. acutatum species complex and 1 to the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Results also show that C. godetiae is the most abundant species followed by C. fioriniae; while C. nymphaeae and another Colletotrichum sp. belonging to the C. gloeosporioides complex are found rarely. Representative isolates of detected species were also used to confirm pathogenicity on walnut fruits. The results show a high variability of lesion's dimensions among isolates tested. This study highlights the genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity of Colletotrichum species associated with walnut anthracnose in France providing useful information for targeted treatments or selection of resistant cultivars, in order to better control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Da Lio
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Cyrielle Masson
- Station Expérimentale Nucicole Rhône-Alpes, 385 A Route de St Marcellin, 38160, Chatte, France
| | - Morgane Chalopin
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Djiby Kebe
- Station Expérimentale Nucicole Rhône-Alpes, 385 A Route de St Marcellin, 38160, Chatte, France
| | - Michel Giraud
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes, Centre de Lanxade, 28 route des Nébouts, 24130, Prigonrieux, France
| | - Agnes Verhaeghe
- CTIFL/SENuRA, 385 A Route de St Marcellin, 38160, Chatte, France
| | - Patrice Nodet
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose of Rubber Trees in China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10435. [PMID: 29992950 PMCID: PMC6041288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases of Hevea brasiliensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum remains limited in China. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptomatic tissues of H.brasiliensis from four provinces of China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan). Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, five species were distinguished, including two known species (C. fructicola, C. siamense), one novel species of C. gloeosporioides species complex (C. ledongense), and two novel species of C. acutatum species complex (C. bannanense and C. australisinense). Of these, C. siamense and C. australisinense have been recognized as major causative agents of anthracnose of H. brasiliensis.
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Talhinhas P, Loureiro A, Oliveira H. Olive anthracnose: a yield- and oil quality-degrading disease caused by several species of Colletotrichum that differ in virulence, host preference and geographical distribution. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1797-1807. [PMID: 29517840 PMCID: PMC6638118 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive anthracnose causes fruit rot leading to its drop or mummification, resulting in yield losses and the degradation of oil quality. TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION The disease is caused by diverse species of Colletotrichum, mostly clustering in the C. acutatum species complex. Colletotrichum nymphaeae and C. godetiae are the prevalent species in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas C. acutatum sensu stricto is the most frequent species in the Southern Hemisphere, although it is recently and quickly emerging in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease has been reported from all continents, but it attains higher incidence and severity in the west of the Mediterranean Basin, where it is endemic in traditional orchards of susceptible cultivars. LIFE CYCLE The pathogens are able to survive on vegetative organs. On the fruit surface, infections remain quiescent until fruit maturity, when typical anthracnose symptoms develop. Under severe epidemics, defoliation and death of branches can also occur. Pathogen species differ in virulence, although this depends on the cultivar. CONTROL The selection of resistant cultivars depends strongly on pathogen diversity and environmental conditions, posing added difficulties to breeding efforts. Chemical disease control is normally achieved with copper-based fungicides, although this may be insufficient under highly favourable disease conditions and causes concern because of the presence of fungicide residues in the oil. In areas in which the incidence is high, farmers tend to anticipate harvest, with consequences in yield and oil characteristics. CHALLENGES Olive production systems, harvest and post-harvest processing have experienced profound changes in recent years, namely new training systems using specific cultivars, new harvest and processing techniques and new organoleptic market requests. Changes are also occurring in both the geographical distribution of pathogen populations and the taxonomic framework. In addition, stricter rules concerning pesticide use are likely to have a strong impact on control strategies. A detailed knowledge of pathogen diversity, population dynamics and host-pathogen interactions is basal for the deployment of durable and effective disease control strategies, whether based on resistance breeding, agronomic practices or biological or chemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Talhinhas
- LEAF‐Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda1349‐017 LisboaPortugal
| | - Andreia Loureiro
- LEAF‐Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda1349‐017 LisboaPortugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- LEAF‐Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and FoodInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda1349‐017 LisboaPortugal
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