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Panwar N, Szczepaniec A. Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents of insect pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39046187 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi capable of establishing mutualistic endophytic relationships with plants have a tremendous potential as biocontrol agents of insect pests. While fungi have long played an important and highly effective role in pest suppression, the utility of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi in pest management is a relatively new and emerging topic of biocontrol. Here we discuss the relevance of endophytic fungi to plant health in general, synthesize the current knowledge of the effectiveness of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi against diverse insect pests, discuss the indirect plant-mediated effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on arthropods, and describe the diverse benefits of endophytic fungi to plants that are likely to affect herbivores and plant pathogens as well. Lastly, we consider major challenges to incorporating endophytic entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol, such as their non-target effects and field efficacy, which can be variable and influenced by environmental factors. Continued research on endophyte-insect-plant-environment interactions is critical to advancing our knowledge of these fungi as a sustainable pest management tactic. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Panwar
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Liu Z, Xia Y, Tan J, Wei M. Construction of a beneficial microbes-enriched rhizosphere system assists plants in phytophagous insect defense: current status, challenges and opportunities. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38984867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The construction of a plant rhizosphere system enriched with beneficial microbes (BMs) can efficiently help plants defend against phytophagous insects. However, our comprehensive understanding of this approach is still incomplete. In this review, we methodically analyzed the progress made over the last decade, identifying both challenges and opportunities. The main methods for developing a BMs-enriched rhizosphere system include inoculating exogenous BMs into plants, amending the existing soil microbiomes with amendments, and utilizing plants to shape the soil microbiomes. BMs can assist plants in suppressing phytophagous insects across many orders, including 13 Lepidoptera, seven Homoptera, five Hemiptera, five Coleoptera, four Diptera, and one Thysanoptera species by inducing plant systemic resistance, enhancing plant tolerance, augmenting plant secondary metabolite production, and directly suppressing herbivores. Context-dependent factors such as abiotic and biotic conditions, as well as the response of insect herbivores, can affect the outcomes of BM-assisted plant defense. Several challenges and opportunities have emerged, including the development of synthetic microbial communities for herbivore control, the integration of biosensors for effectiveness assessment, the confirmation of BM targets for phytophagous insect defense, and the regulation of outcomes via smart farming with artificial intelligence. This study offers valuable insights for developing a BM-enriched rhizosphere system within an integrated pest management approach. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihan Xia
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mi Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Muhorakeye MC, Namikoye ES, Khamis FM, Wanjohi W, Akutse KS. Biostimulant and antagonistic potential of endophytic fungi against fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15365. [PMID: 38965302 PMCID: PMC11224277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungal-based biopesticides are sustainable and ecologically-friendly biocontrol agents of several pests and diseases. However, their potential in managing tomato fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unexploited. This study therefore evaluated effectiveness of nine fungal isolates against tomato fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in vitro using dual culture and co-culture assays. The efficacy of three potent endophytes that inhibited the pathogen in vitro was assessed against FWD incidence, severity, and ability to enhance growth and yield of tomatoes in planta. The ability of endophytically-colonized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants to systemically defend themselves upon exposure to FOL were also assessed through defence genes expression using qPCR. In vitro assays showed that endophytes inhibited and suppressed FOL mycelial growth better than entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). Endophytes Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1, Trichoderma harzianum KF2R41, and Trichoderma atroviride ICIPE 710 had the highest (68.84-99.61%) suppression and FOL radial growth inhibition rates compared to EPF which exhibited lowest (27.05-40.63%) inhibition rates. Endophytes T. asperellum M2RT4, H. lixii F3ST1 and T. harzianum KF2R41 colonized all tomato plant parts. During the in planta experiment, endophytically-colonized and FOL-infected tomato plants showed significant reduction of FWD incidence and severity compared to non-inoculated plants. In addition, these endophytes contributed to improved growth promotion parameters and yield. Moreover, there was significantly higher expression of tomato defence genes in T. asperellum M2RT4 colonized than in un-inoculated tomato plants. These findings demonstrated that H. lixii F3ST1 and T. asperellum M2RT4 are effective biocontrol agents against FWD and could sustainably mitigate tomato yield losses associated with fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cecile Muhorakeye
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Rwanda Polytechnic, Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC) Musanze, P.O. Box 226, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Everlyne Samita Namikoye
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Waceke Wanjohi
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komivi S Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Oono R, Chou V, Irving M. How do phytophagous insects affect phyllosphere fungi? Tracking fungi from milkweed to monarch caterpillar frass reveals communities dominated by fungal yeast. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13213. [PMID: 38738810 PMCID: PMC11089944 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Since a significant proportion of plant matter is consumed by herbivores, a necessary adaptation for many phyllosphere microbes could be to survive through the guts of herbivores. While many studies explore the gut microbiome of herbivores by surveying the microbiome in their frass, few studies compare the phyllosphere microbiome to the gut microbiome of herbivores. High-throughput metabarcode sequencing was used to track the fungal community from milkweed (Asclepias spp.) leaves to monarch caterpillar frass. The most commonly identified fungal taxa that dominated the caterpillar frass after the consumption of leaves were yeasts, mostly belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum. While most fungal communities underwent significant bottlenecks and some yeast taxa increased in relative abundance, a consistent directional change in community structure was not identified from leaf to caterpillar frass. These results suggest that some phyllosphere fungi, especially diverse yeasts, can survive herbivory, but whether herbivory is a key stage of their life cycle remains uncertain. For exploring phyllosphere fungi and the potential coprophilous lifestyles of endophytic and epiphytic fungi, methods that target yeast and Basidiomycota fungi are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Oono
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vanessa Chou
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mari Irving
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
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Moreira FM, Machado TI, Torres CAR, de Souza HR, Celestino MF, Silva MA, Gomes GC, Cunha BBDR, dos Santos PDLB, de Carvalho Filho MR, de Castro MT, Monnerat RG. Purpureocillium lilacinum SBF054: Endophytic in Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, and Helianthus annuus; Antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani; and Virulent to Euschistus heros. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1100. [PMID: 38930483 PMCID: PMC11205651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms with multiple ecological functions can be a useful biotechnological resource in integrated pest- and disease-management programs. This work aimed to investigate the potential endophytic and virulent effects of a strain of Purpureocillium lilacinum on organic cultivation in Brazil. Specifically, the strain's ability to establish itself as an endophyte in common bean, soybean, and sunflower plants when inoculated via seed was evaluated. Furthermore, its antifungal activity against phytopathogens and its pathogenicity and virulence against insects of the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera were evaluated. Furthermore, the strain was evaluated for its biochemical and physiological characteristics. For virulence bioassays, the experiments were conducted under a factorial scheme (2 × 3), with the following factors: (a) fungal inoculation and control without inoculum and (b) types of inocula (blastospores, aerial conidia, and metabolites). The treatments were sprayed on insect species at different stages of development. In summary, it was found that the SBF054 strain endophytically colonized the common bean, with partial recovery from the root tissues of soybean and sunflower plants, 30 days after inoculation; suppressed 86% of Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth in an in vitro assay; and controlled eggs, nymphs, and Euschistus heros adults. These multifunctional abilities are mainly attributed to the strain's mechanisms of producing metabolites, such as organic acids, soluble nutrients, and hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Melo Moreira
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | | | - Caio Augusto Rosado Torres
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Hebert Ribeiro de Souza
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Matheus Felipe Celestino
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Marco Antônio Silva
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Giovana Cidade Gomes
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Breno Beda dos Reis Cunha
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Pedro de Luca Buffon dos Santos
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Magno Rodrigues de Carvalho Filho
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Marcelo Tavares de Castro
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Rose Gomes Monnerat
- SoluScience, SoluBio Tecnologias Agrícolas, Brasília 70632-300, Brazil; (C.A.R.T.); (H.R.d.S.); (M.F.C.); (M.A.S.); (G.C.G.); (B.B.d.R.C.); (P.d.L.B.d.S.); (M.R.d.C.F.); (M.T.d.C.); (R.G.M.)
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Sevillano-Caño J, García MJ, Córdoba-Galván C, Luque-Cruz C, Agustí-Brisach C, Lucena C, Ramos J, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. Exploring the Role of Debaryomyces hansenii as Biofertilizer in Iron-Deficient Environments to Enhance Plant Nutrition and Crop Production Sustainability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5729. [PMID: 38891917 PMCID: PMC11171756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The European "Green Deal" policies are shifting toward more sustainable and environmentally conscious agricultural practices, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. This implies exploring alternative strategies. One promising alternative to improve plant nutrition and reinforce plant defenses is the use of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, such as "Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi". Despite the great abundance of iron (Fe) in the Earth's crust, its poor solubility in calcareous soil makes Fe deficiency a major agricultural issue worldwide. Among plant promoting microorganisms, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii has been very recently incorporated, for its ability to induce morphological and physiological key responses to Fe deficiency in plants, under hydroponic culture conditions. The present work takes it a step further and explores the potential of D. hansenii to improve plant nutrition and stimulate growth in cucumber plants grown in calcareous soil, where ferric chlorosis is common. Additionally, the study examines D. hansenii's ability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) through a comparative relative expression study by qRT-PCR of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis (ACO1), or ET signaling (EIN2 and EIN3), and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis (PAL)-related genes. The results mark a significant milestone since D. hansenii not only enhances nutrient uptake and stimulates plant growth and flower development but could also amplify induced systemic resistance (ISR). Although there is still much work ahead, these findings make D. hansenii a promising candidate to be used for sustainable and environmentally friendly integrated crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sevillano-Caño
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - María José García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Clara Córdoba-Galván
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carmen Luque-Cruz
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
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Rhodes AC, Plowes RM, Bowman EA, Gaitho A, Ng'Iru I, Martins DJ, Gilbert LE. Systematic reduction of natural enemies and competition across variable precipitation approximates buffelgrass invasiveness ( Cenchrus ciliaris) in its native range. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11350. [PMID: 38737568 PMCID: PMC11087885 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive grasses cause devastating losses to biodiversity and ecosystem function directly and indirectly by altering ecosystem processes. Escape from natural enemies, plant-plant competition, and variable resource availability provide frameworks for understanding invasion. However, we lack a clear understanding of how natural stressors interact in their native range to regulate invasiveness. In this study, we reduced diverse guilds of natural enemies and plant competitors of the highly invasive buffelgrass across a precipitation gradient throughout major climatic shifts in Laikipia, Kenya. To do this, we used a long-term ungulate exclosure experiment design across a precipitation gradient with nested treatments that (1) reduced plant competition through clipping, (2) reduced insects through systemic insecticide, and (3) reduced fungal associates through fungicide application. Additionally, we measured the interaction of ungulates on two stem-boring insect species feeding on buffelgrass. Finally, we measured a multiyear smut fungus outbreak. Our findings suggest that buffelgrass exhibits invasive qualities when released from a diverse group of natural stressors in its native range. We show natural enemies interact with precipitation to alter buffelgrass productivity patterns. In addition, interspecific plant competition decreased the basal area of buffelgrass, suggesting that biotic resistance mediates buffelgrass dominance in the home range. Surprisingly, systemic insecticides and fungicides did not impact buffelgrass production or reproduction, perhaps because other guilds filled the niche space in these highly diverse systems. For example, in the absence of ungulates, we showed an increase in host-specific stem-galling insects, where these insects compensated for reduced ungulate use. Finally, we documented a smut outbreak in 2020 and 2021, corresponding to highly variable precipitation patterns caused by a shifting Indian Ocean Dipole. In conclusion, we observed how reducing natural enemies and competitors and certain interactions increased properties related to buffelgrass invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Rhodes
- Brackenridge Field LaboratoryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Robert M. Plowes
- Brackenridge Field LaboratoryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Bowman
- Brackenridge Field LaboratoryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Hiro Technologies, IncAustinTexasUSA
| | - Aimee Gaitho
- Mpala Research Centre NanyukiNanyukiKenya
- Turkana Basin InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Ivy Ng'Iru
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyCardiff UniversityWallingfordUK
| | | | - Lawrence E. Gilbert
- Brackenridge Field LaboratoryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
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Mutungi PM, Wekesa VW, Onguso J, Kanga E, Baleba SBS, Boga HI. Fungal endophytes from saline-adapted shrubs induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae012. [PMID: 38770063 PMCID: PMC11104533 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the food and feed demands of the growing population, global food production needs to double by 2050. Climate change-induced challenges to food crops, especially soil salinization, remain a major threat to food production. We hypothesize that endophytic fungi isolated from salt-adapted host plants can confer salinity stress tolerance to salt-sensitive crops. Therefore, we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi and evaluated their ability to induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seeds and seedlings. Of 60 endophytic fungal isolates, 95% and 5% were from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes phyla, respectively. The highest number of isolates (48.3%) were from the roots. Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively; and 32 isolates solubilized phosphate. Only eight isolates grew at 1.5 M NaCl. Four fungal endophytes (Cephalotrichum cylindricum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium falciforme and Aspergilus puniceus) were tested under greenhouse conditions for their ability to induce salinity tolerance in tomato seedlings. All four endophytes successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCl. The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls. The results suggest that the the four isolates can potentially be used to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscillar Mumo Mutungi
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Institute for Biotechnology Research, P.O. Box 62000–00200, Nairobi, Kenya
- Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Research, Development and Coordination, P.O. Box 842–20117, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Vitalis Wafula Wekesa
- Bioline Agrosciences Africa Limited, Production, P.O. Box 1927–20117, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Justus Onguso
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Institute for Biotechnology Research, P.O. Box 62000–00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Erustus Kanga
- Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241–00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve B S Baleba
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hamadi Iddi Boga
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Institute for Biotechnology Research, P.O. Box 62000–00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Cunha JCS, Rivera Vega LJ, Torres JB, Suh CPC, Sword GA. Fungal seed treatments of cotton affect boll weevil development. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1566-1576. [PMID: 37966378 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonpathogenic fungi associated with plants can enhance plant defenses against stress factors, including herbivory. This study assessed whether cotton plants grown from seeds treated with different fungi affected boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, development and reproduction along with plant tolerance. We used whole plants grown from seeds treated with different fungi (Chaetomium globosum TAMU520 and TAMU559, Phialemonium inflatum TAMU490, and Beauveria bassiana) versus non-treated controls to test insect growth, reproduction, and plant tolerance assays in a greenhouse. RESULTS Regarding boll weevil reproduction, fewer larvae hatched and fewer adults emerged from fungal-treated plants. In addition, the developmental time from oviposition to adult emergence was delayed in the plants treated with all fungi. For plant tolerance, B. bassiana-treated plants attacked by boll weevils shed fewer squares than nonfungal-treated plants. CONCLUSION Fungal treatments can affect boll weevil performance and reproduction on cotton plants, with potentially negative effects on population growth. Collectively, these results support the potential for cottonseed treatments with fungi as a novel tool for boll weevil management in the field. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina C S Cunha
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Loren J Rivera Vega
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jorge B Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Charles P C Suh
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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10
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Muhammad M, Basit A, Ali K, Ahmad H, Li WJ, Khan A, Mohamed HI. A review on endophytic fungi: a potent reservoir of bioactive metabolites with special emphasis on blight disease management. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:129. [PMID: 38416214 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microorganisms have caused blight diseases that present significant challenges to global agriculture. These diseases result in substantial crop losses and have a significant economic impact. Due to the limitations of conventional chemical treatments in effectively and sustainably managing these diseases, there is an increasing interest in exploring alternative and environmentally friendly approaches for disease control. Using endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents has become a promising strategy in recent years. Endophytic fungi live inside plant tissues, forming mutually beneficial relationships, and have been discovered to produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites. These metabolites demonstrate significant potential for fighting blight diseases and provide a plentiful source of new biopesticides. In this review, we delve into the potential of endophytic fungi as a means of biocontrol against blight diseases. We specifically highlight their significance as a source of biologically active compounds. The review explores different mechanisms used by endophytic fungi to suppress phytopathogens. These mechanisms include competing for nutrients, producing antifungal compounds, and triggering plant defense responses. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges of using endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents in commercial applications. It emphasizes the importance of conducting thorough research to enhance their effectiveness and stability in real-world environments. Therefore, bioactive metabolites from endophytic fungi have considerable potential for sustainable and eco-friendly blight disease control. Additional research on endophytes and their metabolites will promote biotechnology solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Kashif Ali
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Haris Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
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11
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Wilberts L, Vuts J, Caulfield JC, Thomas G, Withall DM, Wäckers F, Birkett MA, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Effects of root inoculation of entomopathogenic fungi on olfactory-mediated behavior and life-history traits of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:307-316. [PMID: 37682693 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most biological control programs use multiple biological agents to manage pest species, to date only a few programs have combined the use of agents from different guilds. Using sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius ARSEF 5128, the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae var. nicotianae and the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi as the experimental model, we explored whether root inoculation with an entomopathogenic fungus is compatible with parasitoid wasps for enhanced biocontrol of aphids. RESULTS In dual-choice behavior experiments, A. ervi was significantly attracted to the odor of M. persicae-infested C. annuum plants that had been inoculated with A. muscarius, compared to noninoculated infested plants. There was no significant difference in attraction to the odor of uninfested plants. Myzus persicae-infested plants inoculated with A. muscarius emitted significantly higher amounts of indole, (E)-nerolidol, (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and one unidentified terpene compared to noninoculated infested plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography, using the antennae of A. ervi, confirmed the physiological activity of these elevated compounds. Inoculation of plants with A. muscarius did not affect parasitism rate nor parasitoid longevity, but significantly increased the speed of mummy formation in parasitized aphids on fungus-inoculated plants. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that root inoculation of C. annuum with A. muscarius ARSEF 5128 alters the olfactory-mediated behavior of parasitoids, but has little effect on parasitism efficiency or life-history parameters. However, increased attraction of parasitoids towards M. persicae-infested plants when inoculated by entomopathogenic fungi can accelerate host localization and hence improve biocontrol efficacy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Wilberts
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - David M Withall
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Song Y, Cui H, Guo W, Sindhu L, Lv S, Li L, Yu Y, Men X. Endophytic fungi improved wheat resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi by decreasing its feeding efficiency and population fitness. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115865. [PMID: 38134640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of crop resistance to insect using endophytic fungi is an environmentally friendly and sustainable strategy for agricultural pest control. Clarifying the efficacy and mechanism of endophytic fungi in improving crop resistance to pest offers the opportunity for biological control. In this study, changes in the transcriptome and defense compounds of wheat inoculated with endophytic fungal strains (i.e., YC and BB) were evaluated, and the efficacy of endophytic fungi in improving wheat resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi was studied. The results showed that the numbers of upregulated differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in wheat plants inoculated with endophytic fungal strains YC and BB were higher than those of the downregulated DEGs, irrespective of R. padi infestation. Defense-related metabolic pathways, such as plant hormone signal transduction and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched. Endophytic fungal strains YC and BB significantly increased jasmonic acid, DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), total flavone, and tannin contents in wheat plants (P < 0.05) but decreased salicylic acid content. Variations in the contents of defense compounds were significantly correlated with decreased feeding, development, and reproduction of R. padi fed on wheat plants inoculated with strains YC and BB (|r| = 0.68-0.91, P < 0.05). The results suggested that endophytic fungi significantly decreased the feeding efficiency and population fitness [YC: (-11.13%) - (-22.07%); BB: (-10.98%) - (-22.20%)] of R. padi by altering the phytohormone pathway and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in wheat plants. This study helps in understanding of the efficacy of endophytic fungi in improving wheat resistance to insect and will be conducive to integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongying Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lara Sindhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Suhong Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
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13
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Waqar S, Bhat AA, Khan AA. Endophytic fungi: Unravelling plant-endophyte interaction and the multifaceted role of fungal endophytes in stress amelioration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108174. [PMID: 38070242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi colonize interior plant tissue and mostly form mutualistic associations with their host plant. Plant-endophyte interaction is a complex mechanism and is currently a focus of research to understand the underlying mechanism of endophyte asymptomatic colonization, the process of evading plant immune response, modulation of gene expression, and establishment of a balanced mutualistic relationship. Fungal endophytes rely on plant hosts for nutrients, shelter, and transmission and improve the host plant's tolerance against biotic stresses, including -herbivores, nematodes, bacterial, fungal, viral, nematode, and other phytopathogens. Endophytic fungi have been reported to improve plant health by reducing and eradicating the harmful effect of phytopathogens through competition for space or nutrients, mycoparasitism, and through direct or indirect defense systems by producing secondary metabolites as well as by induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, for efficient crop improvement, practicing them would be a fruitful step for a sustainable approach. This review article summarizes the current research progress in plant-endophyte interaction and the fungal endophyte mechanism to overcome host defense responses, their subsequent colonization, and the establishment of a balanced mutualistic interaction with host plants. This review also highlighted the potential of fungal endophytes in the amelioration of biotic stress. We have also discussed the relevance of various bioactive compounds possessing antimicrobial potential against a variety of agricultural pathogens. Furthermore, endophyte-mediated ISR is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waqar
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Adil Ameen Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Abrar Ahmad Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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14
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Russo A, Winkler JB, Ghirardo A, Monti MM, Pollastri S, Ruocco M, Schnitzler JP, Loreto F. Interaction with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana influences tomato phenome and promotes resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1309747. [PMID: 38173923 PMCID: PMC10762804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1309747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants are central to complex networks of multitrophic interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that beneficial microorganisms (BMs) may be used as plant biostimulants and pest biocontrol agents. We investigated whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants are thoroughly colonized by the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and how such colonization affects physiological parameters and the phenotype of plants grown under unstressed conditions or exposed to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. As a positive control, a strain of the well-known biocontrol agent and growth inducer Trichoderma afroharzianum was used. As multitrophic interactions are often driven by (or have consequences on) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants constitutively or after induction by abiotic or biotic stresses, VOC emissions were also studied. Both B. bassiana and T. afroharzianum induced a significant but transient (one to two-day-long) reduction of stomatal conductance, which may indicate rapid activation of defensive (rejection) responses, but also limited photosynthesis. At later stages, our results demonstrated a successful and complete plant colonization by B. bassiana, which induced higher photosynthesis and lower respiration rates, improved growth of roots, stems, leaves, earlier flowering, higher number of fruits and yield in tomato plants. Beauveria bassiana also helped tomato plants fight B. cinerea, whose symptoms in leaves were almost entirely relieved with respect to control plants. Less VOCs were emitted when plants were colonized by B. bassiana or infected by B. cinerea, alone or in combination, suggesting no activation of VOC-dependent defensive mechanisms in response to both fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Russo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maurilia M. Monti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Quesada-Moraga E, Garrido-Jurado I, González-Mas N, Yousef-Yousef M. Ecosystem services of entomopathogenic ascomycetes. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108015. [PMID: 37924859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic ascomycetes (EA) are an important part of the microbiota in most terrestrial ecosystems, where they can be found regulating natural populations of arthropod pests in both epigeous and hypogeous habitats while also establishing unique relationships with plants. These fungi offer direct benefits to agriculture and human welfare. In the present work, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively assess the range of ecosystem services provided by EA, including direct and indirect pest biocontrol, plant growth promotion, plant defense against other biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient cycling, and the production of new bioactive compounds with agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical importance. Moreover, EA are compatible with the ecosystem services provided by other microbial and macrobial biocontrol agents. This systematic review identified the need for future research to focus on evaluating the economic value of the ecological services provided by EA with a special emphasis on hypocrealean fungi. This evaluation is essential not only for the conservation but also for better regulation and exploitation of the benefits of EA in promoting agricultural sustainability, reducing the use of chemicals that enter the environment, and minimizing the negative impacts of crop protection on the carbon footprint and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Quesada-Moraga
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit DAUCO, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit DAUCO, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Natalia González-Mas
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit DAUCO, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Meelad Yousef-Yousef
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit DAUCO, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Edificio C4 Celestino Mutis, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
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16
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Li P, Gu S, Zhu Y, Xu T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Deng X, Wang B, Li W, Mei W, Hu Q. Soil microbiota plays a key regulatory role in the outbreak of tobacco root rot. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214167. [PMID: 37779693 PMCID: PMC10540700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Root rot caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium sp. poses significant challenges to tobacco cultivation in China, leading to major economic setbacks. The interplay between this pathogen and the wider soil microbial community remains poorly understood. Methods High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to evaluate soil prokaryotic, fungal, and protistan communities. We compared microbial communities in infected soils to those in healthy soils from the same field. Additionally, the influence of pH on the microbial communities was assessed. Results Infected soils displayed elevated levels of soil nutrients but diminished observed richness across prokaryotic, fungal, and protistan groups. The pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani f sp. eumartii's abundance was notably increased in infected soils. Infection with F. solani significantly altered the soil's microbial community structure and interactions, manifested as a decrease in network scale and the number of keystone species. An evaluation of prokaryotes' role in F. solani's invasion revealed an increased number of connecting nodes in infected soils. Additionally, relationships between predatory protists and fungi were augmented, whereas predation on F. solani declined. Discussion The study underscores the significance of comprehending the interactions among soil microorganisms and brings to light the susceptibility of soil microbial communities to pathogen invasion. It offers insights into the multifaceted relationships and potential vulnerabilities within the soil ecosystem in the context of Fusarium sp. invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianyang Xu
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Yishuai Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangdong Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenqiang Mei
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiulong Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Sharma I, Raina A, Choudhary M, Apra, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Fungal endophyte bioinoculants as a green alternative towards sustainable agriculture. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19487. [PMID: 37662754 PMCID: PMC10472071 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past half century, limited use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and conservation of the environment and natural resources have become the interdependent goals of sustainable agriculture. These practices support agriculture sustainability with less environmental and climatic impacts. Therefore, there is an upsurge in the need to introduce compatible booster methods for maximizing net production. The best straightforward strategy is to explore and utilize plant-associated beneficial microorganisms and their products. Bioinoculants are bioformulations consisting of selected microbial strains on a suitable carrier used in the enhancement of crop production. Fungal endophytes used as bioinoculants confer various benefits to the host, such as protection against pathogens by eliciting immune response, mineralization of essential nutrients, and promoting plant growth. Besides, they also produce various bioactive metabolites, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds. To design various bioformulations, transdisciplinary approaches like genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiome modulation strategies like gene editing and metabolic reconstruction have been explored. These studies will refine the existing knowledge on the diversity, phylogeny and beneficial traits of the microbes. This will also help in synthesizing microbial consortia by evaluating the role of structural and functional elements of communities in a controlled manner. The present review summarizes the beneficial aspects associated with fungal endophytes for capitalizing agricultural outputs, enlists various multi-omics techniques for understanding and modulating the mechanism involved in endophytism and the generation of new bioformulations for providing novel solutions for the enhancement of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Sharma
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Ashish Raina
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Malvi Choudhary
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Apra
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Manoj K. Dhar
- Plant Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
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García-Espinoza F, García MJ, Quesada-Moraga E, Yousef-Yousef M. Entomopathogenic Fungus-Related Priming Defense Mechanisms in Cucurbits Impact Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0094023. [PMID: 37439674 PMCID: PMC10467339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00940-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) exhibit direct and indirect mechanisms to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant responses to these stresses are interconnected by common regulators such as ethylene (ET), which is involved in both iron (Fe) deficiency and induced systemic resistance responses. In this work, the roots of cucurbit seedlings were primed with Metarhizium brunneum (EAMa 01/58-Su strain), and relative expression levels of 18 genes related to ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, as well as pathogen-related (PR) protein genes, were studied by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Effects of priming on Spodoptera littoralis were studied by feeding larvae for 15 days with primed and control plants. Genes showed upregulation in studied species; however, the highest relative expression was observed in roots and shoots of plants with Fe deficiency, demonstrating the complexity and the overlapping degree of the regulatory network. EIN2 and EIN3 should be highlighted; both are key genes of the ET transduction pathway that enhanced their expression levels up to eight and four times, respectively, in shoots of primed cucumber. Also, JA and SA synthesis and PR genes showed significant upregulation during the observation period (e.g., the JA gene LOX1 increased 506 times). Survival and fitness of S. littoralis were affected with significant effects on mortality of larvae fed on primed plants versus controls, length of the larval stage, pupal weight, and the percentage of abnormal pupae. These results highlight the role of the EAMa 01/58-Su strain in the induction of resistance, which could be translated into direct benefits for plant development. IMPORTANCE Entomopathogenic fungi are multipurpose microorganisms with direct and indirect effects on insect pests. Also, EPF provide multiple benefits to plants by solubilizing minerals and facilitating nutrient acquisition. A very interesting and novel effect of these fungi is the enhancement of plant defense systems by inducing systematic and acquired resistance. However, little is known about this function. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms involved in cucurbits plants' defense activation after being primed by the EPF M. brunneum. Furthermore, the subsequent effects on the fitness of the lepidopteran pest S. littoralis are shown. In this regard, a significant upregulation was recorded for the genes that regulate JA, SA, and ET pathways. This increased expression of defense genes caused lethal and sublethal effects on S. littoralis. This could be considered an added value for the implementation of EPF in integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. García-Espinoza
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitología. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro – Unidad Laguna, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - M. J. García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E. Quesada-Moraga
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. Yousef-Yousef
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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19
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Iida Y, Higashi Y, Nishi O, Kouda M, Maeda K, Yoshida K, Asano S, Kawakami T, Nakajima K, Kuroda K, Tanaka C, Sasaki A, Kamiya K, Yamagishi N, Fujinaga M, Terami F, Yamanaka S, Kubota M. Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana-based bioinsecticide suppresses severity of powdery mildews of vegetables by inducing the plant defense responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211825. [PMID: 37692425 PMCID: PMC10484095 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is used commercially as a microbial insecticides against a wide range of agricultural insect pests. Some strains of B. bassiana protect the plants from pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we found that prophylactic sprays of commercial bioinsecticide Botanigard on cucumber, tomato, and strawberry plants suppressed the severity of economically damaging powdery mildews. On leaf surfaces, hyphal elongation and spore germination of cucumber powdery mildew, Podosphaera xanthii, were inhibited, but B. bassiana strain GHA, the active ingredient isolated from Botanigard, only inhibited hyphal elongation but had no effect on spore germination of P. xanthii. In addition, strain GHA suppressed powdery mildew symptoms locally, not systemically. Treatment with Botanigard and strain GHA induced a hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death in epidermal cells of the cucumber leaves in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited penetration by P. xanthii. Transcriptome analysis and mass spectrometry revealed that GHA induced expression of salicylic acid (SA)-related genes, and treatment with Botanigard and GHA increased the SA level in the cucumber leaves. In NahG-transgenic tomato plants, which do not accumulate SA, the biocontrol effect of tomato powdery mildew by GHA was significantly reduced. These results suggested that B. bassiana GHA induces SA accumulation, leading to the induction of HR-like cell death against powdery mildew and subsequent suppression of fungal penetration. Thus, Botanigard has the potential to control both insect pests and plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Iida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yumiko Higashi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Oumi Nishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mariko Kouda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kandai Yoshida
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Asano
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Japan
| | - Taku Kawakami
- Mie Prefecture Agricultural Research Institute, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakajima
- Mie Prefecture Agricultural Research Institute, Matsusaka, Japan
| | | | - Chiharu Tanaka
- Mie Prefecture Agricultural Research Institute, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Sasaki
- Mie Prefecture Agricultural Research Institute, Matsusaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kamiya
- Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naho Yamagishi
- Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujinaga
- Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Terami
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Kubota
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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20
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Franić I, Allan E, Prospero S, Adamson K, Attorre F, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Augustin S, Avtzis D, Baert W, Barta M, Bauters K, Bellahirech A, Boroń P, Bragança H, Brestovanská T, Brurberg MB, Burgess T, Burokienė D, Cleary M, Corley J, Coyle DR, Csóka G, Černý K, Davydenko K, de Groot M, Diez JJ, Doğmuş Lehtijärvi HT, Drenkhan R, Edwards J, Elsafy M, Eötvös CB, Falko R, Fan J, Feddern N, Fürjes-Mikó Á, Gossner MM, Grad B, Hartmann M, Havrdova L, Kádasi Horáková M, Hrabětová M, Justesen MJ, Kacprzyk M, Kenis M, Kirichenko N, Kovač M, Kramarets V, Lacković N, Lantschner MV, Lazarević J, Leskiv M, Li H, Madsen CL, Malumphy C, Matošević D, Matsiakh I, May TW, Meffert J, Migliorini D, Nikolov C, O'Hanlon R, Oskay F, Paap T, Parpan T, Piškur B, Ravn HP, Richard J, Ronse A, Roques A, Ruffner B, Santini A, Sivickis K, Soliani C, Talgø V, Tomoshevich M, Uimari A, Ulyshen M, Vettraino AM, Villari C, Wang Y, Witzell J, Zlatković M, Eschen R. Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11570. [PMID: 37463904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, Delémont, Switzerland.
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wim Baert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Amani Bellahirech
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Boroń
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. (INIAV I. P.), Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Brestovanská
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Daiva Burokienė
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Juan Corley
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - David R Coyle
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Karel Černý
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Julio Javier Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Palencia, Spain
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agribio Centre, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Csaba Béla Eötvös
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Roman Falko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Jianting Fan
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nina Feddern
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bartłomiej Grad
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Havrdova
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Hrabětová
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Just Justesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Kacprzyk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Kirichenko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marta Kovač
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | | | | | - Maria Victoria Lantschner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jelena Lazarević
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Corrie Lynne Madsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Malumphy
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-food Innovation Campus, York, UK
| | | | - Iryna Matsiakh
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Johan Meffert
- National Plant Protection Organisation, Netherlands Food and Consumers Product Safety Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duccio Migliorini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christo Nikolov
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | - Funda Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Trudy Paap
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Taras Parpan
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Hans Peter Ravn
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Richard
- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), Lushoto, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Beat Ruffner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Santini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolis Sivickis
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Venche Talgø
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria Tomoshevich
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Uimari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Caterina Villari
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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21
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Holkar SK, Ghotgalkar PS, Lodha TD, Bhanbhane VC, Shewale SA, Markad H, Shabeer ATP, Saha S. Biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi originated from grapevine leaves for management of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:258. [PMID: 37405269 PMCID: PMC10314888 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 51 fungal endophytes (FEs) were isolated, purified and identified from the healthy leaf segments of ten grapevine varieties based on the spore and colony morphologies and ITS sequence information. The FEs belonged to the Ascomycota division comprising eight genera viz., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Daldinia, Exserohilum, Fusarium and Nigrospora. The in vitro direct confrontation assay against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides revealed that six isolates viz., VR8 (70%), SB2 (83.15%), CS2 (88.42%), MN3 (88.42%), MS5 (78.94%) and MS15 (78.94%) inhibited the mycelial growth of test pathogen. The remaining 45 fungal isolates showed 20-59.9% growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides. Indirect confrontation assay manifested that the isolates MN1 and MN4a showed 79.09% and 78.18% growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides followed by MM4 (73.63%) and S5 (71.81%) isolates. Isolate S5 and MM4 were found to produce azulene and 1,3-Cyclopentanedione, 4,4-dimethyl as antimicrobial volatile organic compounds, respectively. The 38 FEs showed PCR amplification using internal transcribed spacer universal primers. The BLAST search revealed highest similarity with the existing sequences in the database. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the occurrence of seven distinct clusters each corresponding to single genus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03675-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath K. Holkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Prabhavati S. Ghotgalkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Tushar D. Lodha
- National Centre of Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007 India
| | - Vrushali C. Bhanbhane
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Shraddha A. Shewale
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
- Present Address: Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra 413 705 India
| | - Harshvardhan Markad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - A. T. P. Shabeer
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Sujoy Saha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
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22
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Wilberts L, Rojas-Preciado N, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Fungal strain and crop cultivar affect growth of sweet pepper plants after root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196765. [PMID: 37342144 PMCID: PMC10277683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
As endophytes, entomopathogenic fungi can protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and at the same time promote plant growth and plant health. To date, most studies have investigated whether Beauveria bassiana can enhance plant growth and plant health, while only little is known about other entomopathogenic fungi. In this study, we evaluated whether root inoculation of the entomopathogenic fungi Akanthomyces muscarius ARSEF 5128, B. bassiana ARSEF 3097 and Cordyceps fumosorosea ARSEF 3682 can promote plant growth of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and whether effects are cultivar-dependent. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, canopy area, and plant weight were assessed four weeks following inoculation in two independent experiments using two cultivars of sweet pepper (cv. 'IDS RZ F1' and cv. 'Maduro'). Results showed that the three entomopathogenic fungi were able to enhance plant growth, particularly canopy area and plant weight. Further, results showed that effects significantly depended on cultivar and fungal strain, with the strongest fungal effects obtained for cv. 'IDS RZ F1', especially when inoculated with C. fumosorosea. We conclude that inoculation of sweet pepper roots with entomopathogenic fungi can stimulate plant growth, but effects depend on fungal strain and crop cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Wilberts
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rojas-Preciado
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Solanki S, Gupta S, Kapoor R, Varma A. Chemically Synthesized AgNPs and Piriformosporaindica Synergistically Augment Nutritional Quality in Black Rice. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:611. [PMID: 37367547 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biofertilizers has been the spotlight of research aiming to mitigate the food security threat as well as to restore the fertility of agricultural lands, for decades. Several studies are being conducted to unravel the role and mechanisms of plant growth-promoting microbes. In the present research, we evaluated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Piriformospora indica on the growth and nutritional enhancement of black rice (Oryzae sativa. L.) individually and in combination. Among the different treatment conditions, the AgNPs + P. indica treatment led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in morphological and agronomic parameters. In comparison to the control, the percentage increase in plant height in AgNPs-treated black rice was 2.47%, while that for the treatment with only P. indica was 13.2% and that for the treatment with both AgNPs + P. indica was 30.9%. For the number of productive tillers, the effect of AgNPs in comparison to the control was non-significant; however, the effect of P. indica and AgNPs + P. indica showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase of 13.2% and 30.9% in both the treatments, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry analysis of grains revealed that the contents of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine (aromatic amino acids) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased by 75%, 11.1%, and 50%, respectively, in P. indica-treated black rice. Nutrient profiling showed that macronutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium were found to be increased by 72.8%, 86.4% and 59.2%, respectively, in the treatment with AgNPs + P. indica in comparison to the control plants. Additionally, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase of 51.9% in anthocyanin content was observed in AgNPs + P. indica-treated black rice. The P. indica treatment also showed improved growth and augmented nutrient contents. From this study, we were able to understand that AgNPs + P. indica treatment would be a better plant growth-promoting factor and further evaluation would enable us to obtain a clear picture of its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Solanki
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Samta Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, India
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24
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Balogun FO, Abdulsalam RA, Ojo AO, Cason E, Sabiu S. Chemical Characterization and Metagenomic Identification of Endophytic Microbiome from South African Sunflower ( Helianthus annus) Seeds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040988. [PMID: 37110411 PMCID: PMC10146784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helianthus annus (sunflower) is a globally important oilseed crop whose survival is threatened by various pathogenic diseases. Agrochemical products are used to eradicate these diseases; however, due to their unfriendly environmental consequences, characterizing microorganisms for exploration as biocontrol agents are considered better alternatives against the use of synthetic chemicals. The study assessed the oil contents of 20 sunflower seed cultivars using FAMEs-chromatography and characterized the endophytic fungi and bacteria microbiome using Illumina sequencing of fungi ITS 1 and bacteria 16S (V3-V4) regions of the rRNA operon. The oil contents ranged between 41-52.8%, and 23 fatty acid components (in varied amounts) were found in all the cultivars, with linoleic (53%) and oleic (28%) acids as the most abundant. Ascomycota (fungi) and Proteobacteria (bacteria) dominated the cultivars at the phyla level, while Alternaria and Bacillus at the genus level in varying abundance. AGSUN 5102 and AGSUN 5101 (AGSUN 5270 for bacteria) had the highest fungi diversity structure, which may have been contributed by the high relative abundance of linoleic acid in the fatty acid components. Dominant fungi genera such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Alternariaste, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and bacteria including Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus are established, providing insight into the fungi and bacteria community structures from the seeds of South Africa sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Oladunni Balogun
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rukayat Abiola Abdulsalam
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abidemi Oluranti Ojo
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Errol Cason
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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25
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Zhang MD, Wu SY, Yan JJ, Reitz S, Gao YL. Establishment of Beauveria bassiana as a fungal endophyte in potato plants and its virulence against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:197-207. [PMID: 35499984 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, is the most damaging potato pest in the world and is difficult to control as the larvae are internal feeders in the foliage and tubers. Entomopathogenic fungi that colonize plants as endophytes have lethal and sublethal pathological effects on insect pests. We show that Beauveria bassiana colonizes the aerial parts of potato plants endophytically after inoculation through soil drenching. Endophytic B. bassiana persisted in potato foliage for more than 50 days postinoculation. Bioassays indicated that foliage of B. bassiana-inoculated potato plants were pathogenic against larvae of P. operculella. Sublethal experiments indicated that B. bassiana negatively affected the growth, development, and reproduction of P. operculella. Development experiments showed that the weight of P. operculella pupae reared on B. bassiana-colonized potato plants (4.25 mg) was significantly less than that of those reared on uninoculated control plants (8.89 mg). Compared with newly eclosed larvae fed on control plants, those fed on B. bassiana-inoculated plants had significantly lower survivorship, with only 17.8% developing to the adult stage. Oviposition of P. operculella females reared on B. bassiana endophytically colonized plants was significantly lower (35 eggs/female) than of those reared on uninoculated plants (115 eggs/female). This study demonstrates that endophytic B. bassiana can be a potential biological control agent for the control and management of P. operculella. Comparing pupal weights of P. operculella reared on potato plants inoculated with the B. bassiana strain GZGY-1-3 and on untreated control plants, pupae from the control plants were significantly heavier than those from treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stuart Reitz
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li G, Liu P, Zhao J, Su L, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Yang X. Correlation of microbiomes in "plant-insect-soil" ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1088532. [PMID: 36793880 PMCID: PMC9922863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1088532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traditional chemical control methods pose a damaging effect on farmland ecology, and their long-term use has led to the development of pest resistance. Methods Here, we analyzed the correlations and differences in the microbiome present in the plant and soil of sugarcane cultivars exhibiting different insect resistance to investigate the role played by microbiome in crop insect resistance. We evaluated the microbiome of stems, topsoil, rhizosphere soil, and striped borers obtained from infested stems, as well as soil chemical parameters. Results and Discussion Results showed that microbiome diversity was higher in stems of insect-resistant plants, and contrast, lower in the soil of resistant plants, with fungi being more pronounced than bacteria. The microbiome in plant stems was almost entirely derived from the soil. The microbiome of insect-susceptible plants and surrounding soil tended to change towards that of insect-resistant plants after insect damage. Insects' microbiome was mainly derived from plant stems and partly from the soil. Available potassium showed an extremely significant correlation with soil microbiome. This study validated the role played by the microbiome ecology of plant-soil-insect system in insect resistance and provided a pre-theoretical basis for crop resistance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liangyinan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Yang Zhao,
| | - Xiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Xiping Yang,
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Vinha FB, Rojas LAC, Ramos Sales C, Monteiro Lima NS, Nascimento JD, De Carvalho LAL, Lemos EGDM. Negative effects on the development of Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera cosmioides fed by peanut plants inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 3:968528. [PMID: 37746231 PMCID: PMC10512306 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.968528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that entomopathogenic fungi, as endophytes, can have beneficial effects on plants, protecting them from defoliating insects. The potential of endophytic association by entomopathogenic fungi with the peanut crop has been little explored. In our study, we conducted experiments by inoculation of peanut seeds through a soil drench method with nine strains/species of entomopathogenic fungi of the genera Metarhizium, Beauveria and Cordyceps, subsequently these plants were consumed by two larval pests, Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera cosmioides. The parameters of larval growth rates, mortality, foliar consumption and larval period were observed during the development of larvae. In addition, the endophytic capacity of these fungi in peanut plants and their persistence in soil were investigated. In two replicate greenhouse trials for each larva, peanut plants were inoculated with fungi by the soil-drench method. We evaluated the performance of C. includens and S. cosmioides feeding on inoculated peanut plants starting at the 2nd larval instar. The larval and pupal weights of C. includens and S. cosmioides were significantly different among the fungal treatment groups, where insects feeding on control plants exhibited higher larval and pupal weights than insects feeding on treated plants. The differences in larval period showed that Control larvae pupated faster than the larvae fed on fungal-inoculated plants, fungal treatments had a larval period of 3 to 5 days more than the control. The mortality rates of C. includens and S. cosmioides were significantly different among the fungal treatment groups, insects fed on Control plants exhibited higher survival than insects fed on fungal-inoculated plants. The persistence of all Metarhizium fungi was higher in the soil compared to other fungi, and only Metarhizium and B. bassiana IBCB215 emerged from the phyllosphere of peanut plants. Although the fungus Cordyceps presented the worst performance among the fungal treatments. Overall, our results demonstrate the negative effects on the development of C. includens and S. cosmioides that were fed on fungal-inoculated peanut plants, the best results recorded were for Metarhizium strains and the fungus B. bassiana IBCB215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Belezini Vinha
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Microorganisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Luis Angel Chicoma Rojas
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Microorganisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Cinara Ramos Sales
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Microorganisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Natalia Sarmanho Monteiro Lima
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Microorganisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Joacir Do Nascimento
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, Laboratory of Microbial Biological Control of Arthropod Pests, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Lucas Amoroso Lopes De Carvalho
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Eliana Gertrudes De Macedo Lemos
- Department of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Microorganisms, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Farhat H, Urooj F, Irfan M, Sohail N, Majeed S, Ullah S, Shafique HA. Biological Control Potential of Endophytic Fungi with Amelioration of Systemic Resistance in Sunflower and GC-MS Metabolic Profiling of Talaromyces assiutensis. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:61. [PMID: 36588145 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live inside plant tissues but do not cause any disease. Several reports have now revealed that they have great influence on host. In this study, the beneficial role of endophytic fungi is highlighted and explored. Endophytic fungi isolated from healthy plants were identified as Aspergillus terreus, Curvularia lunata, C. hawaiiensis, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, Talaromyces assiutensis, and T. trachyspermus using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro, fungi evaluated for antimicrobial activity, showed significant activity. These fungi were tested in field application by exploring their broad spectrum. Talaromyces assiutensis and T. trachyspermus were applied in pots and field plot experiments using sunflower as test plants, along with endophytic Cephalosporium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Endophytic fungi showed significant activity against root rot pathogens affecting sunflower and improved plant biomass. They also improved production of plant defense biochemical markers (polyphenolic content and salicylic acid) with improvement in antioxidant potential. These fungi are used as biological control agents, so their culture filtrates are used to check the presence of metabolites by GC-MS. Several new compounds were isolated from T. assiutensis. The major bioactive compounds are Coumarin, 3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(octadecyloxy), Ethyl iso-allocholate, and 1H-Pyrazole, which possess antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. These findings will lead to further in-depth research toward the potential use of these endophytic fungi for their possible use in agriculture and drug formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Farhat
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Faizah Urooj
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Irfan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sohail
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saima Majeed
- Aquatic Diagnostic Lab, Bahria University, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Nasif SO, Siddique AB, Siddique AB, Islam MM, Hassan O, Deepo DM, Hossain A. Prospects of endophytic fungi as a natural resource for the sustainability of crop production in the modern era of changing climate. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wu S, Wu J, Wang Y, Qu Y, He Y, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhang L, Cheng C. Discovery of entomopathogenic fungi across geographical regions in southern China on pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus and implication for multi-pathogen vectoring potential of this beetle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1061520. [PMID: 36643293 PMCID: PMC9832029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogen-based biocontrol is crucial for blocking the transmission of vector-borne diseases; however, few cross-latitudinal investigations of entomopathogens have been reported for vectors transmitting woody plant diseases in forest ecosystems. The pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus is an important wood borer and a major vector transmitting pine wilt disease, facilitating invasion of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (PWN) in China. Due to the limited geographical breadth of sampling regions, species diversity of fungal associates (especially entomopathogenic fungi) on M. alternatus adults and their potential ecological functions have been markedly underestimated. In this study, through traditional fungal isolation with morphological and molecular identification, 640 fungal strains (affiliated with 15 genera and 39 species) were isolated from 81 beetle cadavers covered by mycelia or those symptomatically alive across five regional populations of this pest in southern China. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the fungal community composition among geographical populations of M. alternatus, presenting regionalized characteristics, whereas no significant differences were found in fungal composition between beetle genders or among body positions. Four region-representative fungi, namely, Lecanicillium attenuatum (Zhejiang), Aspergillus austwickii (Sichuan), Scopulariopsis alboflavescens (Fujian), and A. ruber (Guangxi), as well as the three fungal species Beauveria bassiana, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma dorotheae, showed significantly stronger entomopathogenic activities than other fungi. Additionally, insect-parasitic entomopathogenic fungi (A. austwickii, B. bassiana, L. attenuatum, and S. alboflavescens) exhibited less to no obvious phytopathogenic activities on the host pine Pinus massoniana, whereas P. citrinum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and certain species of Fusarium spp.-isolated from M. alternatus body surfaces-exhibited remarkably higher phytopathogenicity. Our results provide a broader view of the entomopathogenic fungal community on the vector beetle M. alternatus, some of which are reported for the first time on Monochamus spp. in China. Moreover, this beetle might be more highly-risk in pine forests than previously considered, as a potential multi-pathogen vector of both PWN and phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Wu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Station of Forest Pest Control, Anji Forestry Bureau, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Qu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao He
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chihang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Colón Carrión N, Troche CL, Arnold AE. Communities of endophytic fungi in a Puerto Rican rainforest vary along a gradient of disturbance due to Hurricane Maria. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9618. [PMID: 36532133 PMCID: PMC9750846 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the frequency and intensity of hurricanes influence the structure, function, and resilience of Caribbean forests. Trees in such forests harbor diverse fungal endophytes within leaves and roots. Fungal endophytes often are important for plant health and stress responses, but how their communities are impacted by hurricanes is not well known. We measured forest disturbance in Carite State Forest in Puerto Rico ca. 16 months after the passage of Hurricane Maria, a Category 4 storm. In three sites, each comprising three plots representing a local gradient of hurricane disturbance, we evaluated soil chemistry and used culture-free analyses to measure richness, phylogenetic diversity, and composition of endophyte communities in leaves and roots. We found that endophyte richness did not vary significantly among plant families or as a function of soil chemistry. Instead, leaf endophytes peaked in richness and decreased in phylogenetic diversity at intermediate levels of disturbance. Root endophytes did not show such variation, but both leaf- and root endophyte communities differed in species composition as a function of disturbance across the forest. Locations with less disturbance typically hosted distinctive assemblages of foliar endophytes, whereas more disturbed locations had more regionally homogeneous endophyte communities. Together, our results show that changes in endophyte richness and phylogenetic diversity can be detected in aboveground tissues more than a year after major storms. In turn, pervasive shifts in endophyte community composition both aboveground and belowground suggest a subtle and lasting effect of hurricanes that merits further study, potentially contributing to the promotion of spatially heterogeneous endophyte assemblages at a landscape scale in these diverse island forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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Frąc M, Hannula ES, Bełka M, Salles JF, Jedryczka M. Soil mycobiome in sustainable agriculture. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033824. [PMID: 36519160 PMCID: PMC9742577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil microbiome contributes to several ecosystem processes. It plays a key role in sustainable agriculture, horticulture and forestry. In contrast to the vast number of studies focusing on soil bacteria, the amount of research concerning soil fungal communities is limited. This is despite the fact that fungi play a crucial role in the cycling of matter and energy on Earth. Fungi constitute a significant part of the pathobiome of plants. Moreover, many of them are indispensable to plant health. This group includes mycorrhizal fungi, superparasites of pathogens, and generalists; they stabilize the soil mycobiome and play a key role in biogeochemical cycles. Several fungal species also contribute to soil bioremediation through their uptake of high amounts of contaminants from the environment. Moreover, fungal mycelia stretch below the ground like blood vessels in the human body, transferring water and nutrients to and from various plants. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatic tools have facilitated detailed studies of the soil mycobiome. This review discusses the beneficial effects of soil mycobiomes and their interactions with other microbes and hosts in both healthy and unhealthy ecosystems. It may be argued that studying the soil mycobiome in such a fashion is an essential step in promoting sustainable and regenerative agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marta Bełka
- Department of Forest Entomology and Pathology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joana Falcao Salles
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Cook K, Taylor DL. High diversity and low specificity of fungi associated with seedless epiphytic plants. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kel Cook
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - D. Lee Taylor
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
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Mantzoukas S, Daskalaki E, Kitsiou F, Papantzikos V, Servis D, Bitivanos S, Patakioutas G, Eliopoulos PA. Dual Action of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales; Cordycipitaceae) Endophytic Stains as Biocontrol Agents against Sucking Pests and Plant Growth Biostimulants on Melon and Strawberry Field Plants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2306. [PMID: 36422376 PMCID: PMC9692842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can colonize plant tissues and serve crops not only as biopesticides but also as biostimulants that promote plant growth and trigger defense mechanisms. In this context, field trials were conducted evaluating two commercial strains of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), GHA (Botanigard) and PPRI 5339 (Velifer® ES) and a wild strain (AP0101) isolated from Achaia, Greece. The three strains were investigated in the field for their endophytic effects on melon Cucumis melo (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) and strawberry Fragaria sp. (Rosales: Rosaceae) plants and in particular for their ability to colonize plant tissues, control infestations of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and improve plant growth parameters (plant height, number of flowers and fruits). All experimental fungal strains successfully colonized both plants. A significant decrease in the aphid and thrip populations was observed in the treated plants compared to the untreated control. As for plant growth, the number of flowers and fruits was significantly increased in plants treated with B. bassiana strains AP0101 and PPRI 5339. Our results clearly indicate that fungal endophytes can efficiently act as dual action agents demonstrating both insecticidal and growth-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Mantzoukas
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eufrosini Daskalaki
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Kitsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papantzikos
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - George Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Health Management, Department of Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Nchu F, Macuphe N, Rhoda I, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Keyster M, Etsassala NGER. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Induces Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Growth of Fusarium oxysporum-Infected Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223182. [PMID: 36432911 PMCID: PMC9698551 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms through which endophytic fungi confer protection to host plants against parasites will contribute toward elucidating the endophytic fungi−plant−pathogen relationship. In this study, we evaluated the effects of endophytic Beauveria bassiana on the antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and growth of tomatoes infected with the fusarium wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Tomato seedlings were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia and then contaminated with FOL experimentally. Four treatments (Control [T1], FOL only [T2], B. bassiana only [T3], and B. bassiana and FOL [T4]) were assessed. The plants from the B. bassiana and FOL treatment (T4) were significantly taller (DF = 3, 56; p < 0.001) and produced more leaves and aerial part biomass than those treated with only FOL (T2). Remarkably, plants in the two treatments with FOL (T2 and T4) had the lowest antioxidant activities; meanwhile, plants from the FOL treatment (T2) had the lowest ROS (superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) contents. Broadly, strong positive correlations between ROS and all the plant growth parameters were recorded in this study. While the current results revealed that the endophytic entomopathogen B. bassiana enhanced antioxidant capacity in plants, it did not improve the antioxidant capacity of F. oxysporum-infected plants. It is possible that the pathogenic FOL employed a hiding strategy to evade the host immune response and the antagonistic actions of endophytic B. bassiana. In conclusion, B. bassiana inoculum enhanced the growth of tomatoes infected with FOL, induced higher oxidative stress in both F. oxysporum-infected and -uninfected tomatoes, and improved antioxidant activities in plants inoculated with B. bassiana only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1905, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Neo Macuphe
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1905, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ilyaas Rhoda
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1905, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1905, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Case NT, Berman J, Blehert DS, Cramer RA, Cuomo C, Currie CR, Ene IV, Fisher MC, Fritz-Laylin LK, Gerstein AC, Glass NL, Gow NAR, Gurr SJ, Hittinger CT, Hohl TM, Iliev ID, James TY, Jin H, Klein BS, Kronstad JW, Lorch JM, McGovern V, Mitchell AP, Segre JA, Shapiro RS, Sheppard DC, Sil A, Stajich JE, Stukenbrock EE, Taylor JW, Thompson D, Wright GD, Heitman J, Cowen LE. The future of fungi: threats and opportunities. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac224. [PMID: 36179219 PMCID: PMC9635647 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The fungal kingdom represents an extraordinary diversity of organisms with profound impacts across animal, plant, and ecosystem health. Fungi simultaneously support life, by forming beneficial symbioses with plants and producing life-saving medicines, and bring death, by causing devastating diseases in humans, plants, and animals. With climate change, increased antimicrobial resistance, global trade, environmental degradation, and novel viruses altering the impact of fungi on health and disease, developing new approaches is now more crucial than ever to combat the threats posed by fungi and to harness their extraordinary potential for applications in human health, food supply, and environmental remediation. To address this aim, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund convened a workshop to unite leading experts on fungal biology from academia and industry to strategize innovative solutions to global challenges and fungal threats. This report provides recommendations to accelerate fungal research and highlights the major research advances and ideas discussed at the meeting pertaining to 5 major topics: (1) Connections between fungi and climate change and ways to avert climate catastrophe; (2) Fungal threats to humans and ways to mitigate them; (3) Fungal threats to agriculture and food security and approaches to ensure a robust global food supply; (4) Fungal threats to animals and approaches to avoid species collapse and extinction; and (5) Opportunities presented by the fungal kingdom, including novel medicines and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola T Case
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Judith Berman
- Shmunis School of Biomedical and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David S Blehert
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christina Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cameron R Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Iuliana V Ene
- Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Aleeza C Gerstein
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - N Louise Glass
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neil A R Gow
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sarah J Gurr
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Lorch
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | - Aaron P Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Eva E Stukenbrock
- Max Planck Fellow Group Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön 24306, Germany
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - John W Taylor
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Gerard D Wright
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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Lu GH, Zheng K, Cao R, Fazal A, Na Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Sun B, Yang H, Na ZY, Zhao X. Root-associated fungal microbiota of the perennial sweet sorghum cultivar under field growth. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026339. [PMID: 36386674 PMCID: PMC9643593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-associated fungal microbiota, which inhabit the rhizosphere, rhizoplane and endosphere, have a profound impact on plant growth and development. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, also called broomcorn or sweet sorghum, is a multipurpose crop. The comparison between annual and perennial sweet sorghum cultivars in terms of plant growth, as well as their interactions with belowground fungal microbiota, is still poorly understood, although there has been growing interest in the mutualism between annual sweet sorghum and soil bacteria or bacterial endophytes. In this study, the perennial sweet sorghum cultivar N778 (N778 simply) and its control lines TP213 and TP60 were designed to grow under natural field conditions. Bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and sorghum roots were collected at the blooming and maturity stages, and then the fungal microbiota of those samples were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS1 amplicon. Our results revealed that the alpha diversity of the fungal microbiota in rhizosphere soil and root samples was significantly different between N778 and the two control lines TP213 and TP60 at the blooming or maturity stage. Moreover, beta diversity in rhizosphere soil of N778 was distinct from those of TP213 and TP60, while beta diversity in root samples of N778 was distinct from those of TP213 but not TP60 by PCoA based on Bray–Curtis and WUF distance metrics. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multiple group comparisons revealed that OTU4372, a completely unclassified taxon but with symbiotroph mode, was enriched in sorghum roots, especially in N778 aerial roots at the blooming stage. Our results indicate that Cladosporium and Alternaria, two fungal genera in the rhizosphere soil, may also be dominant indicators of sorghum yield and protein content in addition to Fusarium at the maturity stage and imply that the perennial sweet sorghum N778 can primarily recruit dominant psychrotolerant bacterial taxa but not dominant cold-tolerant fungal taxa into its rhizosphere to support its survival below the freezing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Hua Lu,
| | - Kezhi Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiye Na
- Yunnan Eco-Agriculture Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Yunnan Eco-Agriculture Research Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Na
- Yunnan Eco-Agriculture Research Institute, Kunming, China
- Zhong-Yuan Na,
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Xiangxiang Zhao,
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The Neuroprotective Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Proposed Molecular Mechanism: A Current Update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6214264. [PMID: 36217430 PMCID: PMC9547681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by neuronal disorders that are emerging as a principal cause of death after cancer. Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and autism comprise the most common ones, being accompanied by loss of cognitive power, impaired balance, and movement. In past decades, natural polyphenols obtained from different sources including bacteria, fungi, and plants have been utilized in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Endophytes are one such natural producer of secondary metabolites, namely, polyphenols, which exhibit strong abilities to assist in the management of such affections, through modifying multiple therapeutic targets and weaken their complex physiology. Limited research has been conducted in detail on bioactive compounds present in the endophytic fungi and their neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on scientific evidences related to the pharmacological and clinical potential along with proposed molecular mechanism of action of endophytes for neuronal protection.
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Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae play roles of maize (Zea mays) growth promoter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15706. [PMID: 36127502 PMCID: PMC9489797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are two of the most important and widely used entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) to control insect pests. Recent studies have revealed their function in promoting plant growth after artificial inoculation. To better assess fungal colonization and growth-promoting effects of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on crops, maize Zea mays seedlings were treated separately with 13 B. bassiana and 73 M. anisopliae as rhizosphere fungi in a hydroponic cultural system. Plant growth indexes, including plant height, root length, fresh weight, etc., were traced recorded for 35 days to prove the growth promoting efficiency of the EPFs inoculation. Fungal recovery rate (FRR) verified that both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae could endophytically colonize in maize tissues. The recovery rates of B. bassiana in stems and leaves were 100% on the 7th day, but dropped to 11.1% in the stems and 22.2% in the leaves on the 28th day. Meanwhile, B. bassiana was not detected in the roots until the 28th day, reaching a recovery rate of 33.3%. M. anisopliae strains were isolated from the plant roots, stems and leaves throughout the tracing period with high recovery rates. The systematical colonization of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae in different tissues were further corroborated by PCR amplification of fungus-specified DNA band, which showed a higher detection sensitivity of 100% positive reaction. Fungal density comparing to the initial value in the hydroponic solution, dropped to be well below 1% on the 21st day. Thus, the two selected entomopathogenic fungal strains successfully established endophytic colonization rather than rhizospheric colonization in maize, and significantly promoted its growth in a hydroponic cultural system. Entomopathogenic fungi have great application potential in eco-agricultural fields including biopesticides and biofertilizers.
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Wilberts L, Vuts J, Caulfield JC, Thomas G, Birkett MA, Herrera-Malaver B, Verstrepen KJ, Sobhy IS, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Impact of endophytic colonization by entomopathogenic fungi on the behavior and life history of the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae var. nicotianae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273791. [PMID: 36067150 PMCID: PMC9447930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi can adopt an endophytic lifestyle and provide protection against insect herbivores and plant pathogens. So far, most studies have focused on Beauveria bassiana to increase plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses, while only little is known for other entomopathogenic fungi. In this study, we investigated whether root inoculation of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by the entomopathogenic fungi Akanthomyces muscarius ARSEF 5128 and B. bassiana ARSEF 3097 can improve resistance against the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae var. nicotianae. First, dual-choice experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the fungi deter aphids via modifying plant volatile profiles. Next, we tested the hypothesis that endophytic colonization negatively affects aphid life history traits, such as fecundity, development and mortality rate. Aphids were significantly attracted to the odor of plants inoculated with A. muscarius over non-inoculated plants. Plants inoculated with A. muscarius emitted significantly higher amounts of β-pinene than non-inoculated plants, and significantly higher amounts of indole than B. bassiana-inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Inoculation with the fungal strains also caused significantly higher emission of terpinolene. Further, both aphid longevity and fecundity were significantly reduced by 18% and 10%, respectively, when feeding on plants inoculated with A. muscarius, although intrinsic rate of population increase did not differ between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Sweet pepper plants inoculated with B. bassiana ARSEF 3097 did not elicit a significant behavioral response nor affected the investigated life history traits. We conclude that endophytic colonization by entomopathogenic fungi has the potential to alter olfactory behavior and performance of M. persicae var. nicotianae, but effects are small and depend on the fungal strain used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Wilberts
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - József Vuts
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Caulfield
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Birkett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Herrera-Malaver
- Department M2S, CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Department M2S, CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Islam S. Sobhy
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Papadopoulou EA, Giaki K, Angelis A, Skaltsounis AL, Aliferis KA. A Metabolomic Approach to Assess the Toxicity of the Olive Tree Endophyte Bacillus sp. PTA13 Lipopeptides to the Aquatic Macrophyte Lemna minor L. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090494. [PMID: 36136459 PMCID: PMC9505422 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent a major human input into the ecosystem, posing a serious risk to non-target organisms. Therefore, there is pressure toward the reduction in their use and the discovery of alternative sources of bioactivity. Endophytic microorganisms represent a source of bioactivity, whose potential for plant protection has been recently established. In this context, an olive tree endophytic Bacillus sp. was isolated, exhibiting superior antifungal activity, mainly attributed to its major surfactin, iturin, and fengycin and the minor gageotetrin and bacilotetrin groups of lipopeptides (LP). Based on the potential of LP and the lack of information on their toxicity to aquatic organisms, we have investigated the toxicity of an LP extract to the model macrophyte Lemna minor L. The extract exhibited low phytotoxicity (EC50 = 419 μg·mL-1), and for the investigation of its effect on the plant, GC/EI/MS metabolomics was applied following exposure to sub-lethal doses (EC25 and EC50). Results revealed a general disturbance of plants' biosynthetic capacity in response to LP treatments, with substantial effect on the amino acid pool and the defense mechanism regulated by jasmonate. There are no previous reports on the phytotoxicity of LP to L. minor, with evidence supporting their improved toxicological profile and potential in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Giaki
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Chaudhary P, Singh S, Chaudhary A, Sharma A, Kumar G. Overview of biofertilizers in crop production and stress management for sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930340. [PMID: 36082294 PMCID: PMC9445558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food, feed, and agricultural products majorly in developing countries. The use of chemical fertilizers causes the plant to grow efficiently and rapidly to meet the food demand. The drawbacks of using a higher quantity of chemical or synthetic fertilizers are environmental pollution, persistent changes in the soil ecology, physiochemical composition, decreasing agricultural productivity and cause several health hazards. Climatic factors are responsible for enhancing abiotic stress on crops, resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. There are various types of abiotic and biotic stress factors like soil salinity, drought, wind, improper temperature, heavy metals, waterlogging, and different weeds and phytopathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes which attack plants, reducing crop productivity and quality. There is a shift toward the use of biofertilizers due to all these facts, which provide nutrition through natural processes like zinc, potassium and phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, production of hormones, siderophore, various hydrolytic enzymes and protect the plant from different plant pathogens and stress conditions. They provide the nutrition in adequate amount that is sufficient for healthy crop development to fulfill the demand of the increasing population worldwide, eco-friendly and economically convenient. This review will focus on biofertilizers and their mechanisms of action, role in crop productivity and in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Anuj Chaudhary
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Department of Crop Production, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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Liu N, Jacquemyn H, Liu Q, Shao SC, Ding G, Xing X. Effects of a Dark Septate Fungal Endophyte on the Growth and Physiological Response of Seedlings to Drought in an Epiphytic Orchid. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961172. [PMID: 35875551 PMCID: PMC9304953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are a group of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi that live within a plant for a part of their life cycle without causing any apparent, overt negative effects. These fungi have been found in >600 different plant species, including orchids. Although the precise ecological functions of dark septate fungal endophytes are not yet well understood, there is increasing evidence that they enhance host growth and nutrient acquisition, and improve the plant’s ability to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, we tested the effects of a DSE isolated from the roots of the epiphytic orchid Coelogyne viscosa on the growth and drought tolerance of orchid seedlings. Our results showed that addition of DSE inoculum significantly enhanced biomass of seedlings and increased the activities of drought resistance related enzymes and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances. These results suggest that DSE can fulfill important ecological functions in stressful environments and potentially play an important role in the life cycle of epiphytic orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Shao
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoke Xing,
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45
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Metabarcoding of fungal assemblages in Vaccinium myrtillus endosphere suggests colonization of above-ground organs by some ericoid mycorrhizal and DSE fungi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11013. [PMID: 35773465 PMCID: PMC9246922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants harbor in their external surfaces and internal tissues a highly diverse and finely structured microbial assembly, the microbiota. Each plant compartment usually represents a unique ecological niche hosting a distinct microbial community and niche differentiation, which may mirror distinct functions of a specialized microbiota, has been mainly investigated for bacteria. Far less is known for the fungal components of the plant-associated microbiota. Here, we applied a metabarcoding approach to describe the fungal assemblages in different organs of Vaccinium myrtillus plants (Ericaceae) collected in a subalpine meadow in North-West Italy, and identified specific taxa enriched in internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers. We also traced the distribution of some important fungi commonly associated with plants of the family Ericaceae, namely the ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi and the dark septate endophytes (DSE), both playing important roles in plant growth and health. Operational taxonomic units attributed to established ErM fungal species in the genus Hyaloscypha and to DSE species in the Phialocephala-Acephala applanata complex (PAC) were found in all the plant organs. Mycorrhizal fungi are thought to be strictly associated with the plant roots, and this first observation of ErM fungi in the above-ground organs of the host plant may be explained by the evolutionary closeness of ErM fungi in the genus Hyaloscypha with non mycorrhizal fungal endophytes. This is also witnessed by the closer similarities of the ErM fungal genomes with the genomes of plant endophytes than with those of other mycorrhizal fungi, such as arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi.
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Isolation and identification of two Beauveria bassiana strains from silkworm, Bombyx mori. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:891-898. [PMID: 35750981 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm diseases caused by fungi infection occur frequently in sericulture and brought huge economic loss to sericulture. However, on the other hand, some fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, as an important entomological fungus, play an important role in biological control of insect pests. Here, two fungal pathogens causing yellow muscardine were isolated from the silkworm and named as SZY1 and SZY2. These two strains showed almost the same conidial morphology which were smooth, near-spherical, spherical, or ovoid and 2.7 ± 0.6 µm × 2.5 ± 0.9 µm in size, and the hyphal growth rate was also similar. However, the conidia production of SZY2 was almost twice as many as that of SZY1. The complete ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced and analyzed. As a result, the gene sequences of internal transcript space 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA-internal transcript space 2 (ITS2) of SZY1 and SZY2 were identical in sequence and size, and for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and intergenic spacer (IGS), the gene identity of SZY1 to SZY2 was 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on either ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 or 18S rRNA showed that both SZY1 and SZY2 were closely related to Beauveria bassiana. These results revealed that the pathogens of yellow muscardine SZY1 and SZY2 were identified as two different strains of Beauveria bassiana, which could provide diagnostic evidence for silkworm muscardine and was helpful for the research and development of novel Bombyx batryticatus and fungal biological insecticide.
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Nishi O, Sushida H, Higashi Y, Iida Y. Entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain IMI 268317 colonises on tomato leaf surface through conidial adhesion and general and microcycle conidiation. Mycology 2022; 13:133-142. [PMID: 35711329 PMCID: PMC9196654 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1944929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumi Nishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sushida
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Yumiko Higashi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Iida
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
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Gupta R, Keppanan R, Leibman-Markus M, Rav-David D, Elad Y, Ment D, Bar M. The Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana Promote Systemic Immunity and Confer Resistance to a Broad Range of Pests and Pathogens in Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:784-793. [PMID: 34636647 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0343-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol agents can control pathogens by reenforcing systemic plant resistance through systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR). Trichoderma spp. can activate the plant immune system through ISR, priming molecular mechanisms of defense against pathogens. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can infect a wide range of arthropod pests and play an important role in reducing pests' population. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which EPF control plant diseases. We tested two well studied EPF, Metarhizium brunneum isolate Mb7 and Beauveria bassiana as the commercial product Velifer, for their ability to induce systemic immunity and disease resistance against several fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, and their ability to promote plant growth. We compared the activity of these EPF to an established biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum T39, a known inducer of systemic plant immunity and broad disease resistance. The three fungal agents were effective against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens and arthropod pests. Our results indicate that EPF induce systemic plant immunity and disease resistance by activating the plant host defense machinery, as evidenced by increases in reactive oxygen species production and defense gene expression, and that EPF promote plant growth. EPF should be considered as control means for Tuta absoluta. We demonstrate that, with some exceptions, biocontrol in tomato can be equally potent by the tested EPF and T. harzianum T39, against both insect pests and plant pathogens. Taken together, our findings suggest that EPF may find use in broad-spectrum pest and disease management and as plant growth promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ravindran Keppanan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dalia Rav-David
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Huang R, Shen L, Yu H, Jiang J, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Song Y. Evaluation of rain-shelter cultivation mode effects on microbial diversity during Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) maturation in Jingyang, Shaanxi, China. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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AlSharari SS, Galal FH, Seufi AM. Composition and Diversity of the Culturable Endophytic Community of Six Stress-Tolerant Dessert Plants Grown in Stressful Soil in a Hot Dry Desert Region. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030241. [PMID: 35330243 PMCID: PMC8948987 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Saudi Arabia is part of a hot dry desert region and is characterized by stressful conditions. The main goal of this research was to identify endophytic fungal (EF) community composition, diversity and abundance in relation to their plant hosts and soil stress. The above-ground parts of six wild plants (Haloxylon salicornicum, Salsola kali, Heliotropium bacciferum, Erica verticillata, Salsola imbricata and Bienertia sinuspersici) were sampled, surface-sterilized and cut into small pieces, which were cultured and incubated for 4–6 weeks. Isolates were grouped and identified by using both morphological and ITS rDNA molecular data. The diversity and community structure of plant-endophyte associations were studied. A total of 455 EF isolates were grouped into 25 different taxa; 21 of which were identified at the species level, 2 at genus level and 2 were unclassified fungi. Here, 95.65% of the identified genera were Ascomycota; of which 36.36, 31.81 and 31.81% were members of the classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes, respectively. S. imbricata showed the highest isolation rate and colonization frequency (CF%) of EF when compared to other plant species. Additionally, S. imbricata demonstrated the highest species richness and species diversity of the EF community predominated by the genus Fusarium. Conclusively, the core culturable EF genera of six wild plants were identified (unculturable taxa were not identified in this study). The composition of the EF community was revealed to have a strong correlation to both the electrical conductivity and pH of the soil and a moderate correlation to both the host species and the host family. The abundance and diversity of EF communities of the six plants were environment-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam S. AlSharari
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Fatma H. Galal
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
| | - AlaaEddeen M. Seufi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
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