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Ko S, Nguyen HMT, Lee W, Kim D. Developing the PIP-eco: An integrated genomic pipeline for identification and characterization of Escherichia coli pathotypes encompassing hybrid forms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:3040-3049. [PMID: 39175796 PMCID: PMC11340603 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains are distinguished by their diverse virulence factors, which contribute to a wide spectrum of diseases. These pathogens evolve through the horizontal transfer of virulence factors, resulting in the emergence of hybrid pathotypes with complex and heterogeneous characteristics. Recognizing their profound impact on public health, this study introduces the PIP-eco pipeline, a comprehensive analytical tool designed for the precise identification and characterization of E. coli pathotypes. This PIP-eco pipeline advances beyond traditional molecular techniques by facilitating detailed analysis of both single and hybrid pathotypes. It integrates targeted marker gene analysis, virulence factor-based phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) profiling to elucidate the genetic diversity of E. coli pathotypes and support their accurate classification. This integrative approach enables PIP-eco to uncover connections among various E. coli pathotypes, highlight shared virulence factors, and provide insights into their evolutionary trajectories. By utilizing experimentally validated marker genes, the pipeline ensures robust identification of pathotypes, particularly those of hybrid pathotypes. Additionally, PAI analysis offers comprehensive genetic investigations, revealing strain-specific variations and potential virulence mechanisms. As a result, the PIP-eco pipeline emerges as a useful tool for dissecting the evolutionary dynamics of E. coli and characterizing complex pathotypes, addressing the critical need for accurate detection and understanding of hybrid pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Minh Triet Nguyen
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojung Lee
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Talieh Mostaghimi, Pournajaf A, Bijani A, Mohammadi M, Rajabnia M, Halaji M. Phylogenetic analysis, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance and relationship between these characteristics in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:327. [PMID: 38393446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we examine the prevalence of phylogenetic groups, O-serogroups, adhesin genes, antimicrobial resistance, the level of gene expression associated with biofilm formation, and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in UPEC strains isolated from both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 156 UPEC isolates were collected from UTI patients. ESBL-producing isolates were detected using the double-disc synergy (DDS) method, and biofilm formation was assessed through a microplate assay. The presence of O-serogroups, adhesion factors and resistance genes, including ESBLs and PMQR genes, was detected by PCR, and isolates were categorized into phylogenetic groups using multiplex PCR. Additionally, the quantitative real-time PCR method was also used to determine the expression level of genes related to biofilm. RESULTS During the study period, 50.6% (79/156) of the samples were obtained from children, and 49.4% (77/156) were from adults. The highest rate of resistance was to NA (91.7%), while FM (10.9%) had the lowest rate of antibiotic resistance. In addition, 67.9% (106/156) of UPEC isolates were ESBL producers. Most of UPEC isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (37.1%). This study revealed that blaCTX-M and qnrS are widely distributed among UPEC isolates. The mean expression levels of fimA genes were significantly higher in non-biofilm producers than in biofilm producers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The high antibiotic resistance rates in this study highlight the significance of local resistance monitoring and investigating underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate the dominance of phylogroup B2 and group D as the prevailing phylogenetic groups. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the epidemiological aspects and characterize UPEC isolates across diverse regions and time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Mostaghimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Gunathilaka GADKK, Dewasmika WAPM, Sandaruwan UM, Neelawala NGDAK, Madhumali GED, Dissanayake BN, Priyantha MAR, Prasada DVP, Dissanayake DRA. Biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic resistance and phylogeny of Escherichia coli isolated from extra intestinal infections of humans, dogs, and chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 105:102123. [PMID: 38217950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various infections in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of E. coli has increased antimicrobial resistance and capacity to cause recurrent and chronic infections. This study determined the biofilm-forming ability of E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections of humans, chickens, and dogs in relation to the phylogroup, type of infection, and antibiotic resistance. Isolates from chickens showed significantly higher biofilm-forming ability compared to those causing urinary tract infections in humans (p = 0.0001). Further, isolates belonging to phylogroup B1 displayed a higher likelihood to form biofilms. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with biofilm-forming ability. Harbouring plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS was also positively correlated with biofilm formation. This study provides insight into factors such as phylogroup and the type of infections that could enhance biofilm formation, as well as genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance that could correlate with the ability to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A D K K Gunathilaka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W A P M Dewasmika
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - U M Sandaruwan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N G D A K Neelawala
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - G E D Madhumali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - B N Dissanayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - D V P Prasada
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D R A Dissanayake
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Mirzahosseini HK, Najmeddin F, Najafi A, Ahmadi A, Sharifnia H, Khaledi A, Mojtahedzadeh M. Correlation of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups among Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 28:66. [PMID: 38024522 PMCID: PMC10668210 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_637_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Different virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC); hence, this study aimed to study the prevalence of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups and their correlation with biofilm formation among UPEC isolates through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods A literature search was conducted from 1, 2000, to the end of 2021 in different databases for studies that reported biofilm together with virulence genes or phylogenetic groups in UPEC isolates from patients with UTI according to PRISMA protocol. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results The pooled prevalence of biofilm formers was 74.7%. The combined prevalence of phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, and D (s) were reported at 19.6%, 11%, 50.7%, and 20.5%, respectively. The most common virulence genes reported worldwide were fimA, ecpA, and fimH, with a combined prevalence of 90.3%, 86.6%, and 64.9%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of biofilm formation in UPEC isolates with phylogenetic Groups A, B1, B2, D, C, and F were 12.4%, 8.7%, 33.7%, 12.4%, 2.6%, and 2.65%, respectively. Several studies showed a correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups. Conclusion Regarding data obtained, the high level of combined biofilm formation (74.7%) and the presence of a positive correlation between biofilm production and virulence genes, or phylogenetic groups as reported by the most studies included in the present review, indicates an important role of biofilm in the persistence of UPEC in the UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Najmeddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atabak Najafi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Ahmadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Sharifnia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azad Khaledi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khan MM, Ali A, Kolenda R, Olowe OA, Weinreich J, Li G, Schierack P. The role of AJB35136 and fdtA genes in biofilm formation by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:126. [PMID: 37596603 PMCID: PMC10436575 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) result in significant economic losses in poultry industry. APEC strains are known to form biofilms in various conditions allowing them to thrive even under harsh and nutrient-deficient conditions on different surfaces, and this ability enables them to evade chemical and biological eradication methods. Despite knowing the whole genome sequences of various APEC isolates, little has been reported regarding their biofilm-associated genes. A random transposon mutant library of the wild-type APEC IMT 5155 comprising 1,300 mutants was analyzed for biofilm formation under nutrient deprived conditions using Videoscan technology coupled with fluorescence microscopy. Seven transposon mutants were found to have reproducibly and significantly altered biofilm formation and their mutated genes were identified by arbitrary PCR and DNA sequencing. The intact genes were acquired from the wild-type strain, cloned in pACYC177 plasmid and transformed into the respective altered biofilm forming transposon mutants, and the biofilm formation was checked in comparison to the wild type and mutant strains under the same conditions. RESULTS In this study, we report seven genes i.e., nhaA, fdeC, yjhB, lysU, ecpR, AJB35136 and fdtA of APEC with significant contribution to biofilm formation. Reintroduction of AJB35136 and fdtA, reversed the altered phenotype proving that a significant role being played by these two O-antigen related genes in APEC biofilm formation. Presence of these seven genes across nonpathogenic E. coli and APEC genomes was also analyzed showing that they are more prevalent in the latter. CONCLUSIONS The study has elucidated the role of these genes in APEC biofilm formation and compared them to adhesion expanding the knowledge and understanding of the economically significant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moman Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, D-01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Aamir Ali
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, D-01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS) , Jhang Road, POBox 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, D-01968, Senftenberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, D-01968, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, D-01968, Senftenberg, Germany
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Montes-Robledo A, Buelvas-Montes Y, Baldiris-Avila R. Description of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli based on phylogenetic grouping, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:503-512. [PMID: 38045705 PMCID: PMC10692971 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i4.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a recently recognized and highly diverse pathotype of E. coli. Its significance as a pathogen has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The aim of this study was to characterize ExPEC isolates from humans based on their phylogenetic group, virulence factor profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and Methods The isolates were collected from patients with extraintestinal infections caused by E. coli, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and surgical site infections. The E. coli phylogenetic groups were determined using multiplex PCR. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for their biofilm-forming abilities, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and presence of virulence genes. Results In this study, the isolates were classified into four phylogenetic groups: A (48.3%), B2 (25.8%), D (19.35%), and B1 (6.45%). All isolates exhibited at least one of the ten analyzed virulence factors. However, there was no direct evidence linking a specific phylogenetic group to a particular virulence factor. Nevertheless, the presence of the fimH, fyuA, ompT, traT, and kpsMTII virulence genes was correlated with the production of strong biofilms, multidrug resistance (MDR), and the production of alpha hemolysin. Conclusion This study provides a description of the phylogenetic groups in ExPEC and their potential association with virulence factor profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Montes-Robledo
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Department of Basic Health, School of Medicine, Universidad del Sinú Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Yaleyvis Buelvas-Montes
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Department of Basic Health, School of Medicine, Universidad del Sinú Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Rosa Baldiris-Avila
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, School of Biology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Azam MW, Zarrilli R, Khan AU. Updates on the Virulence Factors Produced by Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales and Strategies to Control Their Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1901. [PMID: 37630461 PMCID: PMC10456890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacterales order is a massive group of Gram-negative bacteria comprised of pathogenic and nonpathogenic members, including beneficial commensal gut microbiota. The pathogenic members produce several pathogenic or virulence factors that enhance their pathogenic properties and increase the severity of the infection. The members of Enterobacterales can also develop resistance against the common antimicrobial agents, a phenomenon called antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many pathogenic Enterobacterales members are known to possess antimicrobial resistance. This review discusses the virulence factors, pathogenicity, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, especially E. coli and some other bacterial species sharing similarities with the Enterobacterales members. We also discuss both conventional and modern approaches used to combat the infections caused by them. Understanding the virulence factors produced by the pathogenic bacteria will help develop novel strategies and methods to treat infections caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd W. Azam
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Hassan MM, Albogami B, Mwabvu T, Awad MF, Kadi RH, Mohamed AA, Al-Orabi JA, Hassan MM, Elsharkawy MM. The Antibacterial Activity of Rhazya stricta Extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Some Soil Invertebrates at High Altitudes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083613. [PMID: 37110847 PMCID: PMC10142056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella is a common dangerous pathogen for humans and animals and is widely present in the digestive system. The genus Klebsiella is ubiquitous, as it is endemic to surface water, soil, and sewage. In this study, 70 samples were obtained from soil-dwelling invertebrates from September 2021 to March 2022 from Taif and Shafa in different altitudinal regions of Saudi Arabia. Fifteen of these samples were identified as Klebsiella spp. The Klebsiella isolates were genetically identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae using rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the Klebsiella isolates was determined. Amplification of virulence genes was performed using PCR. In this study, 16S rDNA sequencing showed a similarity from 98% to 100% with related K. pneumonia from the NCBI database, and the sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers ON077036 to ON077050. The growth inhibition properties of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta's leaves against K. pneumoniae strains using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and disc diffusion were evaluated. In addition, the biofilm inhibitory potential of these extracts was investigated using crystal violet. HPLC analysis identified 19 components divided into 6 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, stilbene (resveratrol), and quinol, and revealed variations in the number of components and their quantities between extracts. Both extracts demonstrated interesting antibacterial properties against K. pneumoniae isolates. The 2 extracts also showed strong biofilm inhibitory activities, with percentages of inhibition extending from 81.5% to 98.7% and from 35.1% to 85.8% for the ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively. Rhazya stricta leaf extract revealed powerful antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against K. pneumoniae isolates and could be a good candidate for the treatment or prevention of K. pneumonia-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Albogami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarombera Mwabvu
- School of Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X 11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Mohamed F Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roqayah H Kadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal A Al-Orabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montaser M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Paleczny J, Junka AF, Krzyżek P, Czajkowska J, Kramer A, Benkhai H, Żyfka-Zagrodzińska E, Bartoszewicz M. Comparison of antibiofilm activity of low-concentrated hypochlorites vs polyhexanide-containing antiseptic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1119188. [PMID: 37009512 PMCID: PMC10050698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound infection is highly associated with morbidity and endangers the patient's life. Therefore, wound care products must have a potent antimicrobial and biofilm-eradicating effect. In this work, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity of two low-concentrated chlorine-based and releasing solutions was investigated on a total of 78 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, using the cohesive spectrum of in vitro settings, including microtiter plate models, biofilm-oriented antiseptic test, cellulose-based biofilm model, biofilm bioreactors and Bioflux model. The antiseptic containing polyhexamethylene biguanide was used in the character of usability control of performed tests. The results obtained by static biofilm models indicate that low-concentrated chlorine-based and releasing solutions display none to moderate antibiofilm activity, while data obtained by means of the Bioflux model, providing flow conditions, indicate the moderate antibiofilm activity of substances compared with the polyhexanide antiseptic. Considering in vitro data presented in this manuscript, the earlier reported favorable clinical results of low-concentrated hypochlorites should be considered rather an effect of their rinsing activity combined with low cytotoxicity but not the antimicrobial effect per se. For the treatment of heavily biofilm-infected wounds, polyhexanide should be considered the agent of choice because of its higher efficacy against pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paleczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Unique Application Models Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adam Junka, ; Justyna Paleczny,
| | - Adam Felix Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Unique Application Models Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adam Junka, ; Justyna Paleczny,
| | - Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czajkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hicham Benkhai
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Unique Application Models Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Li D, Liang W, Hu Q, Ren J, Xue F, Liu Q, Tang F. The effect of a spontaneous induction prophage, phi458, on biofilm formation and virulence in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049341. [PMID: 36452923 PMCID: PMC9701743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophage sequences are present in most bacterial genomes and account for up to 20% of its host genome. Integration of temperate phages may have an impact on the expression of host genes, while some prophages could turn into the lytic cycle and affect bacterial host biological characteristics. We investigated the role of spontaneous induction prophages in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis in poultry, and considered a potential zoonotic bacterium related to the fact it serves as an armory of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. We found that APEC strain DE458 had a high spontaneous induction rate in vivo and in vitro. The released phage particles, phi458, were isolated, purified, and sequenced, and the deletion mutant, DE458Δphi458, was constructed and characterized. Biofilm formation of DE458Δphi458 was strongly decreased compared to that of the wild-type strain (p < 0.01). In addition, while the addition of DNase (100 μg/ml) did not affect prophage release but could digest eDNA, it significantly reduced the biofilm production of DE458 biofilm to a level close to that of DE458Δphi458. Compared to DE458, the adhesion and invasion abilities of DE458Δphi458 increased by approximately 6-20 times (p < 0.05). The virulence of DE458Δphi458 was enhanced by approximately 10-fold in chickens based on a 50% lethal dose. Furthermore, avian infection assays showed that the bacterial loads of DE458Δphi458 in the lung and liver were increased by 16.5- and 10-fold (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with those of the WT strain. The qRT-PCR revealed that deletion of phi458 led to upregulation of type I fimbriate-related gene fimH and curli-related gene csgC by 3- and 2.8-fold, respectively (p < 0.01). Our study revealed that phi458 promoted biofilm formation by spontaneously inducing and decreasing virulence by repressing virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyue Hu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianluan Ren
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmid-Mediated Types 1 and 3 Fimbriae Associated with Biofilm Formation in Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Diseased Food Animals in Guangdong, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0250321. [PMID: 35969065 PMCID: PMC9603762 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02503-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Types 1 and 3 fimbriae in Enterobacteriaceae play versatile roles in bacterial physiology including attachment, invasion, cell motility as well as with biofilm formation and urinary tract infections. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and transmission of plasmid-mediated types 1 and 3 fimbriae from 1753 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae from diseased food Animals. We identified 123 (7.01%) strong biofilm producers and all was identified as E. coli. WGS analysis of 43 selected strong biofilm producers revealed that they harbored multiple ARGs, including ESBLs, PMQR and mcr-1. The gene clusters mrkABCDF and fimACDH encoding types 1 and 3 fimbriae, respectively, were identified among 43 (34.96%) and 7 (5.7%) of 123 strong biofilm isolates, respectively. These two operons were able to confer strong biofilm-forming ability to an E. coli weak-biofilm forming laboratory strain. Plasmid analysis revealed that mrk and fim operons were found to co-exist with ARGs and were primarily located on IncX1 and IncFII plasmids with similar backbones, respectively. mrkABCDF operons was present in all of 9457 Klebsiella pneumoniae using archived WGS data, and shared high homology to those on plasmids of 8 replicon types and chromosomes from 6 Enterobacteriaceae species from various origins and countries. In contrast, fimACDH operons was present in most of Enterobacter cloacae (62.15%), and shared high homology to those with only a small group of plasmids and Enterobacteriaceae species. This is the first comprehensive report of the prevalence, transmission and homology of plasmid-encoded type 1 and 3 fimbriae among the Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings indicated that plasmid-encoded mrkABCDF and fimACDH were major contributors to enhanced biofilm formation among E. coli and these two operons, in particular mrk could be as a potential anti-biofilm target. IMPORTANCE Biofilms allow bacteria to tolerate disinfectants and antimicrobials, as well as mammalian host defenses, and are therefore difficult to treat clinically. Most research concerning biofilm-related infections is typically focused on chromosomal biofilm-associated factors, including types 1 and 3 fimbriae of biofilm-forming Enterobacterium. However, the transmission and homology of the mobile types 1 and 3 fimbriae among Enterobacteriaceae is largely unknown. The findings revealed that the plasmid-encoded type 3 fimbriae encoded by mrkABCDF and type 1 fimbriae encoded by fimACDH were major contributors to enhancing biofilm formation among strong biofilm E. coli from diseased food producing animals. Additionally, mrk operon with high homology at an amino acid sequence was present both on plasmids of various replicon types and on chromosomes from diverse Enterobacteriaceae species from numerous origins and countries. These findings provide important information on the transmission of the mobile types 1 and 3 fimbriae among Enterobacteriaceae, indicating a potential antibiofilm target.
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12
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Elshafiee EA, Khalefa HS, Al-Atfeehy NM, Amer F, Hamza DA, Ahmed ZS. Biofilms and efflux pump regulatory gene (mexR) in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from migratory birds in Egypt. Vet World 2022; 15:2425-2431. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2425-2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a global threat to public health. This study aimed to determine biofilms and efflux pump regulatory gene (mexR) in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates.
Materials and Methods: A total of 42 fecal samples of aquatic migratory birds collected during hunting season in Egypt were evaluated for the detection of P. aeruginosa according to standard culture-based methods. The antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains was evaluated using disk diffusion methods. The biofilm formation ability of the isolates was phenotypically determined using a colorimetric microtitration plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to detect biofilm genes (PelA and PslA) and mexR.
Results: In total, 19 isolates (45.2%) were recovered from the 42 fecal samples of migratory birds. All isolates were identified as MDR P. aeruginosa, and 78.9% of the strains produced biofilms at different degrees. Molecular detection of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances revealed that PelA was the most predominant gene in the biofilm-producing isolates, followed by PslA. mexR was detected in 63.2% of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, and its prevalence was higher in non–biofilm-producing strains (75%) than in biofilm-producing strains (60%).
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from migratory birds through various mechanisms is a major public and animal health problem. It is important to consider the significance of migratory birds in disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A. Elshafiee
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Khalefa
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayera M. Al-Atfeehy
- Biotechnology Unit, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid St., P.O. Box 246, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Fatma Amer
- Biotechnology Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Animal Research Center, Nadi El-Seid St., P.O. Box 246, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab S. Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Sivaranjani M, McCarthy MC, Sniatynski MK, Wu L, Dillon JAR, Rubin JE, White AP. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Associated With Colibacillosis Outbreaks in Broiler Chickens From Saskatchewan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841516. [PMID: 35783405 PMCID: PMC9247541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry has grown to the extent that the number of chickens now well exceeds the number of humans on Earth. Escherichia coli infections in poultry cause significant morbidity and economic losses for producers each year. We obtained 94 E. coli isolates from 12 colibacillosis outbreaks on Saskatchewan farms and screened them for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Fifty-six isolates were from broilers with confirmed colibacillosis, and 38 isolates were from healthy broilers in the same flocks (cecal E. coli). Resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in isolates from all 12 outbreaks, while cephalosporin resistance varied by outbreak. Most E. coli were able to form biofilms in at least one of three growth media (1/2 TSB, M63, and BHI broth). There was an overall trend that disease-causing E. coli had more antibiotic resistance and were more likely to form biofilms in nutrient-rich media (BHI) as compared to cecal strains. However, on an individual strain basis, there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The 21 strongest biofilm forming strains consisted of both disease-causing and cecal isolates that were either drug resistant or susceptible. Draft whole genome sequencing indicated that many known antimicrobial resistance genes were present on plasmids, with disease-causing E. coli having more plasmids on average than their cecal counterparts. We tested four common disinfectants for their ability to kill 12 of the best biofilm forming strains. All disinfectants killed single cells effectively, but biofilm cells were more resistant, although the difference was less pronounced for the disinfectants that have multiple modes of action. Our results indicate that there is significant diversity and complexity in E. coli poultry isolates, with different lifestyle pressures affecting disease-causing and cecal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sivaranjani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Madeline C. McCarthy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michelle K. Sniatynski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linzhi Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R. Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron P. White,
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14
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Ibrahim Mohamed MY, Abu J, Aziz SA, Zakaria Z, Khan AR, Habib I. Occurrence of antibiotic resistant C. jejuni and E. coli in wild birds, chickens, humans, and the environment in Malay villages, Kedah, Malaysia. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:298-308. [PMID: 39100641 PMCID: PMC11296224 DOI: 10.17221/102/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have become a major concern not only due to the diseases they cause, but also because of the rise of antibiotic resistant strains in human and animals. The purposes of this study were to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli and their antibiotic resistance profiles in wild birds, chickens, humans, and the environment in Malay villages in Malaysia. Three Malay villages in Kota Setar, Kedah were chosen. Three hundred nine (309) samples were collected in this study including wild birds (38), chickens (71), humans (47), and the environment (153). Subsequently, the C. jejuni and E coli isolates were tested against antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Campylobacter jejuni was found positive in 17 (37.8%) flies and 8 (11.3%) chickens. Also, E. coli was found positive in 89.4% of human, 47.4% of bird, 44 62% of chicken and in 71.2% of the environmental samples. Ten antibiotics were used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates. Eighty four percent (84%) of C. jejuni and 100% of E. coli isolates were found to show resistance towards at least one antibiotic. The isolates showed high resistance to cefpodoxime and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab of Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalila Abu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saleha Abdul Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan
- Department of Public Health and Medicine, Penang Medical College, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab of Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Biofilm and Gene Expression Characteristics of the Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, Escherichia coli IMP, and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 Associated with Common Bacterial Infections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084788. [PMID: 35457654 PMCID: PMC9024719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In light of the limited therapeutic options with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections, understanding the bacterial risk factors, such as biofilm formation and related gene expression of CRE, is vital. This study investigates the biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression of two enteric Enterobacterales with major CR determinants Escherichia coli IMP and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1, which were seen in high prevalence in most common bacterial infections over the past few years. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the relationship between biofilm formation and the related gene expression, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms during the biofilm formation in CRE. Biofilms were quantified by tissue culture plate assay at the stages of the biofilm development: initial attachment (6 h), microcolony formation (12 h), maturation (24 h), and dispersion (48 h). In a dispersion, event bacteria detach without any mechanical means and colonise another area. To investigate the influence of different growth conditions on biofilm formation, biofilms were quantified under different growth conditions. In parallel, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assessed the biofilm-related gene expression of a cluster of genes, including biofilm maturation, quorum sensing, stress survival, and antibiotic resistance. Structural changes during biofilm development were assessed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We observed that the biofilm formation of CRE is correlated with the biofilm development stages, with maximum biofilm observed at 24 h at the maturation stage. Our data also showed that biofilm growth, under the condition tested, is the major factor influencing the variability of biofilm gene expression quantification assays. qPCR analyses have demonstrated that the expression of biofilm-related genes is highly correlated with phenotypic biofilm development, and these findings can be further expanded to understand the variation in regulation of such genes in these significant CRE pathogens. Our study demonstrated that both CRE strains, E. coli IMP and K. pneumoniae NDM-1, are high biofilm formers, and genes involved in biofilm development are upregulated during biofilm growth. The characteristic of the increased biofilm formation with the upregulation of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-related genes indicates the successful pathogenic role of biofilms of these selected CRE and is attributed to their multi-drug resistance ability and successful dissemination of CRE in common bacterial infections.
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16
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Javed S, Mirani ZA, Pirzada ZA. Phylogenetic Group B2 Expressed Significant Biofilm Formation among Drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Libyan J Med 2021; 16:1845444. [PMID: 33170767 PMCID: PMC7671661 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2020.1845444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is an important virulent marker attributed to the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Drug-resistant and biofilm-producing UPEC are highly problematic causing catheter-associated or recurrent UTIs with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of biofilm formation and phylogenetic groups in drug-resistant UPEC to predict their ability to cause disease. This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi from January to June 2019. A total of 50 highly drug-resistant UPEC were selected for this study. UPEC isolates were screened to form biofilm by Congo-red agar (CRA) and microtiter plate (MTP) technique. The representative biofilm-producing isolates were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) monitoring. Phylogenetic analysis was done by PCR method based on two preserved genes; chuA, yjaA and TspE4-C2 DNA fragment. On CRA 34 (68%) UPEC were slime producers, while on MTP 20 (40%) were strong biofilm producers, 19 (38%) moderate and 11 (22%) were low to negligible biofilm producers. Molecular typing confirmed that phylogenetic group B2 was prevalent in drug resistant UPEC strains. Pathogenic strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2 and D were found to have greater biofilm forming ability as compare to non-pathogenic commensal strains that belonged to phylogenetic group A. Our results indicate that biofilm formation vary in drug resistant UPEC belonged to different phylogenetic groups. This study indicates possible link between in vitro biofilm formation and phylogenetic groups of UPEC, therefore this knowledge might be helpful to predict the pathogenic potential of UPEC and help design strategies for controlling UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Javed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
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17
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Liu CW, Wang P, Cao GN, Zou QH. Complete genome sequence and virulence characterization of a neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli isolate. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105199. [PMID: 34560248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease in newborns, and neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC) is the second most frequent bacteria causing this disease worldwide. In order to further understand the characteristics of this pathogen, an E. coli isolate W224 N from newborns with meningitis was sequenced for detailed genetic characterization and the virulence was tested by a series of phenotypic experiments. W224 N has a circular chromosome and three plasmids. It belongs to ST95 and the serotype is O18:H7. Comparative genomic analysis showed that W224 N was closely related to E. coli neonatal meningitis isolates RS218 and NMEC O18. There are 11 genomic islands in W224 N and most of the GIs are specific to W224 N. W224 N has most of the virulence factors other neonatal meningitis isolates have. The virulence genes located both on the genome and plasmid. At the same time, we found a virulence factor cdiA only present in W224 N but absent in the other five genomes analyzed. In vitro experiment showed that W224 N has strong serum resistance ability, low biofilm formation ability and high flagellar motility. It also has a very strong toxicity to mice and amoeba. The whole genome as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that W224 N is a high virulent strain. The results can help us better learn about the pathogenicity of neonatal meningitis E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Na Cao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Zou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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18
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Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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19
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Synergism of the Combination of Traditional Antibiotics and Novel Phenolic Compounds against Escherichia coli. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100811. [PMID: 33023003 PMCID: PMC7600547 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-associated infections are becoming difficult to treat because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Novel approaches are required to prevent the progression of resistance and to extend the lifespan of existing antibiotics. This study was designed to improve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics against E. coli using a combination of the gallic acid (GA), hamamelitannin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of each of the phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against E. coli was ascertained. Considering the clinical significance and FICI, two combinations (hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin) were evaluated for their impact on certain virulence factors of E. coli. Finally, the effects of hamamelitannin and GA on Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell viability were investigated. The FICIs of the antibacterial combinations against E. coli were 0.281-1.008. The GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin combinations more effectively prohibited the growth, biofilm viability, and swim and swarm motilities of E. coli than individual antibiotics. The concentration of hamamelitannin and GA required to reduce viability by 50% (IC50) in IEC-6 cells was 988.54 μM and 564.55 μM, correspondingly. GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin may be potent combinations and promising candidates for eradicating pathogenic E. coli in humans and animals.
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20
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Suzhaeva LV, Makarova MA, Kaftyreva LA. [Phylogenetic groups and virulence genes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the children gut microbiota.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 65:251-257. [PMID: 32227732 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-251-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is characterized by a wide intraspecific diversity. The species includes both commensals and pathogens that cause diarrhea and extra-intestinal diseases. Pathogenic strains differ from non-pathogenic ones by the presence of virulence factors and their genes. The phylogenetic structure of the species is represented by four main groups (A, B1, B2, D), which differ in their prevalence among residents of different geographical regions. Pathogenic members of the species have been studied in detail, while non-pathogenic strains have not received such attention. This report presents the results of a study of 511 E. coli strains isolated from the gut microbiota of children without diarrhea and urinary tract infections, aged from 1 month to 17 years, living in St. Petersburg. The main phylogenetic groups were determined by PCR, and E. coli virulence genes associated with diarrhea and extra-intestinal diseases were identified. Results: population structure of E. coli is represented by the following groups: A-33.3%, B1-6.7%, B2-34.0%, D-26%. In the studied population 2.5% of strains belonded to EPEC and 4.5% to EAggEC. EPEC virulence genes were more often detected in strains of phylogroup B1, and EAggEC virulence genes in isolates of phylogroup D. The prevalence of extra - intestinal virulence genes was as follows: pap - 29.5%; sfa - 19.8%; afa - 3.3%; hly - 20.9%; cnf - 17.4%; aer-20.0%. The pap, sfa, hly, and cnf genes were detected mostly in the B2 phylogenetic group. Obtained data shows the similarity of E. coli phylogenetic groups structure in St. Petersburg with E. coli populations isolated from residents of Paris and Sydney. Analysis of the virulence genes prevalence showed the dependence of their presence on the genetic background bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Suzhaeva
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Makarova
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,State Educational Institution of the Higher Professional Education «North-Western state medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - L A Kaftyreva
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,State Educational Institution of the Higher Professional Education «North-Western state medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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21
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Nielsen DW, Ricker N, Barbieri NL, Allen HK, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:51. [PMID: 32005127 PMCID: PMC6995065 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), are responsible for host diseases such as Neonatal Meningitis Escherichia coli (NMEC), the second-leading cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis, Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC), a cause of extraintestinal disease in poultry, and Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Virulence factors associated with NMEC include outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and type I fimbriae (FimH), which also occur in APEC and UPEC. OmpA contributes to NMEC’s ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, persist in the bloodstream and has been identified as a potential vaccine target for ExPEC, however the protein has amino acid variants, which may influence virulence of strains or alter vaccine efficacy. Although OmpA is present in virtually all E. coli, differences in its amino acid residues have yet to be surveyed in ExPEC. Results Here the ompA gene (n = 399) from ExPEC collections were sequenced and translated in silico. Twenty-five different OmpA polymorphism patterns were identified. Seven polymorphism patterns were significantly associated with an ExPEC subpathotype, but chromosomal history most likely accounts for most differences found. The differences in OmpA protein sequences suggest that OmpA may influence variation in virulence and host specificity within ExPEC subpathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Heather K Allen
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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22
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Hu C, Wang L, Lin Y, Liang H, Zhou S, Zheng F, Feng X, Rui Y, Shao L. Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Oral Biofilms: Current State, Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Prospects. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1901301. [PMID: 31763779 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their excellent size, designability, and outstanding targeted antibacterial effects, nanoparticles have become a potential option for controlling oral biofilm-related infections. However, the formation of an oral biofilm is a dynamic process, and factors affecting the performance of antibiofilm treatments are complex. As such, when examining the existing literature on the antibiofilm effects of nanoparticles, attention should be paid to the specific mechanisms of action at different stages of oral biofilm formation, as well as relevant influencing factors, in order to achieve an objective and comprehensive evaluation. This review is intended to detail the antibacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles during the four stages of the formation of oral biofilms: 1) acquired film formation; 2) bacterial adhesion; 3) early biofilm development; and 4) biofilm maturation. In addition, factors influencing the antibiofilm properties of nanoparticles are summarized from the aspects of nanoparticles themselves, biofilm models, and host factors. The limitations of current research and possible trends for future research are also discussed. In summary, nanoparticles are a promising antioral biofilm strategy. It is hoped that this review can serve as a reference and inspire ideas for further research on the application of nanoparticles for effectively targeting and treating oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Lin‐Lin Wang
- Department of StomatologyHainan General Hospital Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Yu‐Qing Lin
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Hui‐Min Liang
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Shan‐Yu Zhou
- Department of StomatologyThe People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen 518109 China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Laboratory MedicineFoshan Women and Children Hospital Foshan Guangdong 528000 China
| | - Xiao‐Li Feng
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yong‐Yu Rui
- Laboratory Medicine CenterNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Long‐Quan Shao
- Department of StomatologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering Guangzhou 510515 China
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23
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Phylogenetic grouping and biofilm formation of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from humans, animals and food products in South-West Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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24
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Ramos-Vivas J, Chapartegui-González I, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Fortún J, Escudero R, Marco F, Linares L, Montejo M, Aranzamendi M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Aguado JM, Resino E, Ahufinger IG, Vega AP, Martínez-Martínez L, Fariñas MC. Biofilm formation by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from solid organ transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8928. [PMID: 31222089 PMCID: PMC6586660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk of developing infections by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR). In this study, the biofilm-forming capability of 209 MDR strains (Escherichia coli n = 106, Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 78, and Enterobacter spp. n = 25) isolated from rectal swabs in the first 48 hours before or after kidney (93 patients), liver (60 patients) or kidney/pancreas transplants (5 patients) were evaluated by using a microplate assay. Thirty-nine strains were isolated before transplant and 170 strains were isolated post-transplant. Overall, 16% of E. coli strains, 73% of K. pneumoniae strains and 4% Enterobacter strains showed moderate or strong biofilm production. Nine strains isolated from infection sites after transplantation were responsible of infections in the first month. Of these, 4 K. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli and 1 Enterobacter spp. strains isolated pre-transplant or post-transplant as colonizers caused infections in the post-transplant period. Our results suggest that in vitro biofilm formation could be an important factor for adhesion to intestine and colonization in MDR K. pneumoniae strains in SOT recipients, but this factor appears to be less important for MDR E. coli and Enterobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9, 100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Maitane Aranzamendi
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces, S/N, 48903, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Resino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia Ahufinger
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Paz Vega
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 39011, Santander, Spain. .,Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Avd. Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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25
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Complete Genome Sequence of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain APEC O2-211. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01046-18. [PMID: 30533666 PMCID: PMC6256689 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01046-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis, a disease that affects poultry production worldwide and leads to multimillion-dollar losses annually. Here, we report the genome sequence of APEC O2-211, a sequence type 117 (ST117) strain isolated from a diseased chicken. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis, a disease that affects poultry production worldwide and leads to multimillion-dollar losses annually. Here, we report the genome sequence of APEC O2-211, a sequence type 117 (ST117) strain isolated from a diseased chicken.
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