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Landeta-Salgado C, Salas-Wallach N, Munizaga J, González-Troncoso MP, Burgos-Díaz C, Araújo-Caldas L, Sartorelli P, Martínez I, Lienqueo ME. Comprehensive Nutritional and Functional Characterization of Novel Mycoprotein Derived from the Bioconversion of Durvillaea spp. Foods 2024; 13:2376. [PMID: 39123566 PMCID: PMC11312218 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed, for the first time, to determine the nutritional composition, beta-glucan and ergosterol contents, phenolic compound composition, and biological and functional activities of a novel mycoprotein produced through a bioconversion process of Durvillaea spp., a brown seaweed. An untargeted metabolomics approach was employed to screen metabolites and annotate molecules with nutraceutical properties. Two products, each representing a distinct consortia of co-cultured fungi, named Myco 1 and Myco 2, were analysed in this study. These consortia demonstrated superior properties compared to those of Durvillaea spp., showing significant increases in total protein (~238%), amino acids (~219%), and β-D-glucans (~112%). The protein contains all essential amino acids, a low fatty acid content, and exhibits high antioxidant activity (21.5-25.5 µmol TE/g). Additionally, Myco 2 exhibited the highest anti-alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 16.5 mg/mL), and Myco 1 exhibited notable anti-lipase activity (IC50 = 10.5 mg/mL). Among the 69 top differentially abundant metabolites screened, 8 nutraceutical compounds were present in relatively high concentrations among the identified mycoproteins. The proteins and polysaccharides in the mycoprotein may play a crucial role in the formation and stabilization of emulsions, identifying it as a potent bioemulsifier. In conclusion, the bioconversion of Durvillaea spp. results in a mycoprotein with high-quality protein, significant nutritional and functional value, and prebiotic and nutraceutical potential due to the production of unique bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Landeta-Salgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Nicolás Salas-Wallach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Javiera Munizaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
| | - María Paz González-Troncoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
| | - César Burgos-Díaz
- Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Lhaís Araújo-Caldas
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema Campus, Sao Paulo 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (L.A.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema Campus, Sao Paulo 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (L.A.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Irene Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
| | - María Elena Lienqueo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago 8370456, Chile; (N.S.-W.); (J.M.); (I.M.); (M.E.L.)
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2
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Ali SS, Alsharbaty MHM, Al-Tohamy R, Naji GA, Elsamahy T, Mahmoud YAG, Kornaros M, Sun J. A review of the fungal polysaccharides as natural biopolymers: Current applications and future perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132986. [PMID: 38866286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a unique natural resource, fungi are a sustainable source of lipids, polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients. As a result, they have beneficial medicinal and nutritional properties. Polysaccharides are among the most significant bioactive components found in fungi. Increasing research has revealed that fungal polysaccharides (FPS) contain a variety of bioactivities, including antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-aging properties. However, the exact knowledge about FPS and their applications related to their future possibilities must be thoroughly examined to enhance a better understanding of this sustainable biopolymer source. Therefore, FPS' biological applications and their role in the food and feed industry, agriculture, and cosmetics applications were all discussed in this work. In addition, this review highlighted the mode of action of FPS on human diseases by regulating gut microbiota and discussed the mechanism of FPS as antioxidants in the living cell. The structure-activity connections of FPS were also highlighted and explored. Moreover, future perspectives were listed to pave the way for future studies of FPS applications. Hence, this study can be a scientific foundation for future FPS research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H M Alsharbaty
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Branch of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ghassan A Naji
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Dentistry, The Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yehia A-G Mahmoud
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Khatua S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. Myco-remediation of plastic pollution: current knowledge and future prospects. Biodegradation 2024; 35:249-279. [PMID: 37665521 PMCID: PMC10950981 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, enumerable fungi have been reported to participate in the biodegradation of several notorious plastic materials following their isolation from soil of plastic-dumping sites, marine water, waste of mulch films, landfills, plant parts and gut of wax moth. The general mechanism begins with formation of hydrophobin and biofilm proceding to secretion of specific plastic degarding enzymes (peroxidase, hydrolase, protease and urease), penetration of three dimensional substrates and mineralization of plastic polymers into harmless products. As a result, several synthetic polymers including polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and/or bio-degradable plastics have been validated to deteriorate within months through the action of a wide variety of fungal strains predominantly Ascomycota (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium spp.). Understanding the potential and mode of operation of these organisms is thus of prime importance inspiring us to furnish an up to date view on all the presently known fungal strains claimed to mitigate the plastic waste problem. Future research henceforth needs to be directed towards metagenomic approach to distinguish polymer degrading microbial diversity followed by bio-augmentation to build fascinating future of waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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4
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Wong Chin JM, Puchooa D, Bahorun T, Alrefaei AF, Neergheen VS, Jeewon R. Multigene phylogeny, bioactive properties, enzymatic and dye decolorization potential of selected marine fungi from brown algae and sponges of Mauritius. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28955. [PMID: 38623192 PMCID: PMC11016617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi represent an important proportion of the microbial diversity in the oceans. They are attractive candidates for biotechnological purposes and industrial applications. Despite an increasing interest in mycology, marine fungi associated with sponges and algae have been poorly studied in Mauritius. The objectives of this study were to: 1) use multigene phylogenetic analyses to identify isolated marine fungi; 2) determine the differences in the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the fungal extracts; and 3) assess their enzyme activities and dye decolorization potential. Five fungal isolates viz Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus iizukae, Aspergillus ochraceus, Exserohilum rostratum and Biatriospora sp. were identified based on phylogenetic analyses. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial properties of the liquid and solid media extracts unlike the antioxidant properties (p < 0.05). The solid media extract of Aspergillus chevalieri (F2-SF) had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.156 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus while Aspergillus ochraceus (F25-SF) had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.313 and 2.5 mg/ml against Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi. The solid media extract of Biatriospora sp. (F34-SF) had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.195 and 1.563 mg/ml against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. An IC50 of 78.92 ± 4.71 μg/ml in the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 11.17 ± 0.20 mM Fe2+/g dry weight extract (DWE) and total phenolic content 360.35 ± 10.31 mg GAE/g DWE was obtained with the solid media extract of Aspergillus chevalieri (F2-SF). Aspergillus ochraceus (F25-SF) and Biatriospora sp. (F34-SF) solid media extracts showed lower IC50 values in the DPPH assay and higher total phenolic content as compared to the liquid media extracts. Aspergillus chevalieri was a good producer of the enzymes DNAse and lipase and had maximum percentage dye decolorization of 79.40 ± 17.72% on Congo red. An enzymatic index ≥ 2 was found for the DNAse and lipase and the maximum percentage dye decolorization of 87.18 ± 3.80% was observed with Aspergillus ochraceus on Methylene blue. Regarding Biatriospora sp., it was a moderate producer of the three enzymes amylase, DNAse and protease and had a maximum dye decolorization potential of 56.29 ± 6.51% on Crystal violet. This study demonstrates that Mauritian marine fungi possess good bioactive properties, enzymatic and dye decolorization potentials, that can potentially be considered for use in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vidushi S. Neergheen
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Le Strat Y, Mandin M, Ruiz N, Robiou du Pont T, Ragueneau E, Barnett A, Déléris P, Dumay J. Quantification of Xylanolytic and Cellulolytic Activities of Fungal Strains Isolated from Palmaria palmata to Enhance R-Phycoerythrin Extraction of Palmaria palmata: From Seaweed to Seaweed. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:393. [PMID: 37504924 PMCID: PMC10381405 DOI: 10.3390/md21070393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) can be enzymatically extracted from red seaweeds such as Palmaria palmata. This pigment has numerous applications and is notably known as an antioxidant, antitumoral or anti-inflammatory agent. Enzymes secreted by P. palmata associated fungal strains were assumed to be efficient and adapted for R-PE extraction from this macroalga. The aim of the present study was to quantify both xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities of enzymatic extracts obtained from six Palmaria palmata derived fungal strains. Degradation of P. palmata biomass by fungal enzymatic extracts was also investigated, focused on soluble protein and R-PE extraction. Enzymatic extracts were obtained by solid state fermentation. Macroalgal degradation abilities were evaluated by measuring reducing sugar release using DNS assays. Soluble proteins and R-PE recovery yields were evaluated through bicinchoninic acid and spectrophotometric assays, respectively. Various enzymatic activities were obtained according to fungal isolates up to 978 U/mL for xylanase and 50 U/mL for cellulase. Enzymatic extract allowed high degrading abilities, with four of the six fungal strains assessed exhibiting at least equal results as the commercial enzymes for the reducing sugar release. Similarly, all six strains allowed the same soluble protein extraction yield and four of them led to an improvement of R-PE extraction. R-PE extraction from P. palamata using marine fungal enzymes appeared particularly promising. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first on the use of enzymes of P. palmata associated fungi in the degradation of its own biomass for biomolecules recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoran Le Strat
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Margaux Mandin
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Ruiz
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Robiou du Pont
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Ragueneau
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Barnett
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Paul Déléris
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Justine Dumay
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Benatti ALT, Polizeli MDLTDM. Lignocellulolytic Biocatalysts: The Main Players Involved in Multiple Biotechnological Processes for Biomass Valorization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010162. [PMID: 36677454 PMCID: PMC9864444 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human population growth, industrialization, and globalization have caused several pressures on the planet's natural resources, culminating in the severe climate and environmental crisis which we are facing. Aiming to remedy and mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment, the use of lignocellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production, food, bioremediation, and other various industries, is presented as a more sustainable alternative. These enzymes are characterized as a group of enzymes capable of breaking down lignocellulosic biomass into its different monomer units, making it accessible for bioconversion into various products and applications in the most diverse industries. Among all the organisms that produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, microorganisms are seen as the primary sources for obtaining them. Therefore, this review proposes to discuss the fundamental aspects of the enzymes forming lignocellulolytic systems and the main microorganisms used to obtain them. In addition, different possible industrial applications for these enzymes will be discussed, as well as information about their production modes and considerations about recent advances and future perspectives in research in pursuit of expanding lignocellulolytic enzyme uses at an industrial scale.
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Ahmed FK, Kalia A, Ahmad A, Alghuthaymi MA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Marine fungi and yeast: A green approach for production of bionanoparticles. FUNGAL CELL FACTORIES FOR SUSTAINABLE NANOMATERIALS PRODUCTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 2023:337-360. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99922-9.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Guo M, Ma X, Zhou Y, Bian Y, Liu G, Cai Y, Huang T, Dong H, Cai D, Wan X, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Kang H. Genome Sequencing Highlights the Plant Cell Wall Degrading Capacity of Edible Mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata. J Microbiol 2023; 61:83-93. [PMID: 36723791 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The basidiomycetous edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has excellent nutrition, medicine, bioremediation, and biocontrol properties. S. rugosoannulata has been widely and easily cultivated using agricultural by-products showing strong lignocellulose degradation capacity. However, the unavailable high-quality genome information has hindered the research on gene function and molecular breeding of S. rugosoannulata. This study provided a high-quality genome assembly and annotation from S. rugosoannulata monokaryotic strain QGU27 based on combined Illumina-Nanopore data. The genome size was about 47.97 Mb and consisted of 20 scaffolds, with an N50 of 3.73 Mb and a GC content of 47.9%. The repetitive sequences accounted for 17.41% of the genome, mostly long terminal repeats (LTRs). A total of 15,726 coding gene sequences were putatively identified with the BUSCO score of 98.7%. There are 142 genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) in the genome, and 52, 39, 30, 11, 8, and 2 genes related to lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, and cutin degradation, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that S. rugosoannulata is superior in utilizing aldehyde-containing lignins and is possible to utilize algae during the cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Guo
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinbing Bian
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Cai
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianji Huang
- Hubei Changjiu Fungi Co. Ltd., Suizhou, 431525, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Dong
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Wan
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Kang
- Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Navvabi A, Homaei A, Pletschke BI, Navvabi N, Kim SK. Marine Cellulases and their Biotechnological Significance from Industrial Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3325-3336. [PMID: 35388747 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220406125132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms represent virtually unlimited sources of novel biological compounds and can survive extreme conditions. Cellulases, a group of enzymes that are able to degrade cellulosic materials, are in high demand in various industrial and biotechnological applications, such as in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, food, fuel, agriculture, and single-cell protein, and as probiotics in aquaculture. The cellulosic biopolymer is a renewable resource and is a linearly arranged polysaccharide of glucose, with repeating units of disaccharide connected via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which are broken down by cellulase. A great deal of biodiversity resides in the ocean, and marine systems produce a wide range of distinct, new bioactive compounds that remain available but dormant for many years. The marine environment is filled with biomass from known and unknown vertebrates and invertebrate microorganisms, with much potential for use in medicine and biotechnology. Hence, complex polysaccharides derived from marine sources are a rich resource of microorganisms equipped with enzymes for polysaccharides degradation. Marine cellulases' extracts from the isolates are tested for their functional role in degrading seaweed and modifying wastes to low molecular fragments. They purify and renew environments by eliminating possible feedstocks of pollution. This review aims to examine the various types of marine cellulase producers and assess the ability of these microorganisms to produce these enzymes and their subsequent biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Navvabi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nazila Navvabi
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Seoul 426-791, Republic of Korea
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10
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Sharma G, Kaur B, Raheja Y, Agrawal D, Basotra N, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Singh Chadha B. Lignocellulolytic enzymes from Aspergillus allahabadii for efficient bioconversion of rice straw into fermentable sugars and biogas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127507. [PMID: 35753566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed at developing lignocellulolytic strain capable of efficient hydrolysis of mild alkali deacetylated (MAD) rice straw. The valorisation of lignin rich black liquor obtained during pre-treatment of rice straw into biogas was also evaluated. Study reports highly proficient cellulolytic Aspergillus allahabadii strain harbouring a spectrum of CAZymes based on comparative genome wide analysis that was subjected to strain breeding for developing a hyper producing strain. The secretome analysis showed up-modulation and several folds increase in the CAZyme activities in the culture extracts of the developed strain MAN 40 when compared to parent. The cellulolytic cocktail of the developed strain showed 1.52 folds higher saccharification of MAD rice straw when compared to Cellic CTec 3. Moreover, in-situ addition of cellulases derived from developed strains resulted in ∼3.7 folds higher methane production during anaerobic digestion of mixture of lignin rich black liquor and differently treated rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Dhruv Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Basotra
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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11
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Liu S, Trevathan-Tackett SM, Jiang Z, Cui L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Li J, Luo H, Huang X. Nutrient loading decreases blue carbon by mediating fungi activities within seagrass meadows. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113280. [PMID: 35430277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal pollution, including nutrient loading, can negatively impact seagrass health and cover and may consequently alter soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and preservation. Key to understanding how eutrophication impacts SOC cycling in seagrass ecosystems is how nutrient loading changes the sources of carbon being deposited and how these changes in resources, both nutrients and carbon availability, influence soil microbiota community and activity. Currently, the direction and magnitude of nutrient loading impacts on seagrass SOC dynamics are poorly understood at a meadow scale, limiting our ability to reveal the driving mechanisms of SOC remineralisation. The purpose of this study was to assess the response of surface SOC and soil microbiomes to nutrient loading within tropical seagrass meadows. To achieve this, we quantified both total SOC and recalcitrant soil organic carbon (RSOC) concentrations and sources, in addition to the composition of bacterial and fungal communities and soil extracellular enzyme activities. We found that nutrient loading elevated SOC and RSOC content, mainly facilitated by enhanced algal growth. There was no nutrient effect on the soil prokaryotic communities, however, saprotrophic fungi groups (i.e. Trapeliales, Sordaridales, Saccharomycetales and Polyporales) and fungal activities were elevated under high nutrient conditions, including extracellular enzyme activities linked to seagrass-based cellulose and lignin decomposition. This relative increase in RSOC transformation may decrease the relative contribution of seagrass carbon to RSOC pools. Additionally, significantly different fungal communities were observed between adjacent T. hemprichii and E. acoroides areas, which coincided with elevated RSOC-decomposing enzyme activity in T. hemprichii meadows, even though the mixed seagrass meadow received allochthonous SOC and RSOC from the same sources. These results suggest that nutrient loading stimulated fungal activity and community shifts specific to the local seagrass species, thereby causing fine-scale (within-meadow) variability in SOC cycling in response to nutrient loading. This study provides evidence that fungal composition and activity, mediated by human activities (e.g. nutrient loading), can be an important influence on seagrass blue carbon accumulation and remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Stacey M Trevathan-Tackett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongxue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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12
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Möller L, Vainstein Y, Wöhlbrand L, Dörries M, Meyer B, Sohn K, Rabus R. Transcriptome-proteome compendium of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): Metabolic potential and repertoire of hydrolytic enzymes. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100404. [PMID: 35778945 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean that uses an arsenal of hydrolases for biomacromolecule decomposition to effectively digest its omnivorous diet. The present study builds on a hybrid-assembled transcriptome (13,671 ORFs) combined with comprehensive proteome profiling. The analysis of individual krill compartments allowed detection of significantly more different proteins compared to that of the entire animal (1,464 vs. 294 proteins). The nearby krill sampling stations in the Bransfield Strait (Antarctic Peninsula) yielded rather uniform proteome datasets. Proteins related to energy production and lipid degradation were particularly abundant in the abdomen, agreeing with the high energy demand of muscle tissue. A total of 378 different biomacromolecule hydrolysing enzymes were detected, including 250 proteases, 99 CAZymes, 14 nucleases and 15 lipases. The large repertoire in proteases is in accord with the protein-rich diet affiliated with E. superba's omnivorous lifestyle and complex biology. The richness in chitin-degrading enzymes allows not only digestion of zooplankton diet, but also the utilization of the discharged exoskeleton after moulting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Möller
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yeheven Vainstein
- In-Vitro-Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Dörries
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Biodiversity Change, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Biodiversity and Biological Processes in Polar Oceans, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Ecophysiology of Pelagic Key Species, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Biodiversity Change, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- In-Vitro-Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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13
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Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Oceanic Pelagic Fungal Strains and the Influence of Temperature. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060571. [PMID: 35736054 PMCID: PMC9225461 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although terrestrial and aquatic fungi are well-known decomposers of organic matter, the role of marine fungi remains largely unknown. Recent studies based on omics suggest that marine fungi potentially play a major role in elemental cycles. However, there is very limited information on the diversity of extracellular enzymatic activities performed by pelagic fungi in the ocean and how these might be affected by community composition and/or critical environmental parameters such as temperature. In order to obtain information on the potential metabolic activity of marine fungi, extracellular enzymatic activities (EEA) were investigated. Five marine fungal species belonging to the most abundant pelagic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were grown at 5 °C and 20 °C, and fluorogenic enzymatic assays were performed using six substrate analogues for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase), amino acids (leucine aminopeptidase), and of organic phosphorus (alkaline phosphatase) and sulfur compounds (sulfatase). Remarkably, all fungal strains were capable of hydrolyzing all the offered substrates. However, the hydrolysis rate (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) varied among the fungal strains depending on the enzyme type. Temperature had a strong impact on the EEAs, resulting in Q10 values of up to 6.1 and was species and substrate dependent. The observed impact of temperature on fungal EEA suggests that warming of the global ocean might alter the contribution of pelagic fungi in marine biogeochemical cycles.
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14
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Metabolic activity on Biolog FF MicroPlate suggests organic substrate decomposition by Aspergillus terreus NTOU4989 isolated from Kueishan Island Hydrothermal Vent Field, Taiwan. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Pham TT, Dinh KV, Nguyen VD. Biodiversity and Enzyme Activity of Marine Fungi with 28 New Records from the Tropical Coastal Ecosystems in Vietnam. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:559-581. [PMID: 35035248 PMCID: PMC8725946 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.2008103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coastal marine ecosystems of Vietnam are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, but the biodiversity of marine fungi is not well known. To fill this major gap of knowledge, we assessed the genetic diversity (ITS sequence) of 75 fungal strains isolated from 11 surface coastal marine and deeper waters in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay using a culture-dependent approach and 5 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of fungi in three representative sampling sites using next-generation sequencing. The results from both approaches shared similar fungal taxonomy to the most abundant phylum (Ascomycota), genera (Candida and Aspergillus) and species (Candida blankii) but were different at less common taxa. Culturable fungal strains in this study belong to 3 phyla, 5 subdivisions, 7 classes, 12 orders, 17 families, 22 genera and at least 40 species, of which 29 species have been identified and several species are likely novel. Among identified species, 12 and 28 are new records in global and Vietnamese marine areas, respectively. The analysis of enzyme activity and the checklist of trophic mode and guild assignment provided valuable additional biological information and suggested the ecological function of planktonic fungi in the marine food web. This is the largest dataset of marine fungal biodiversity on morphology, phylogeny and enzyme activity in the tropical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Biogeographic aspects, ecological factors and human impact may structure mycoplankton communities in such aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thuy Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Khuong V. Dinh
- Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Van Duy Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
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16
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Yosri N, Khalifa SAM, Guo Z, Xu B, Zou X, El-Seedi HR. Marine organisms: Pioneer natural sources of polysaccharides/proteins for green synthesis of nanoparticles and their potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1767-1798. [PMID: 34752793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current innovations in the marine bionanotechnology arena are supporting and stimulating developments in other fields, including nanomedicine, pharmaceuticals, sensors, environmental trends, food, and agriculture aspects. Many oceanic creatures, particularly algae, plants, bacteria, yeast, fungi, cyanobacteria, actinomyces, invertebrates, animals and sponges can survive under extreme circumstances. They can biogenerate a broad spectrum of phytochemicals/metabolites, including proteins, peptides, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, carbohydrate polymers, polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, polysaccharide-protein complexes such as carrageenan, fucoidanase, fucoidan, carboxymethyl cellulose, poly-γ-glutamic acid, sugar residues with proteins, melanin, haemocyanin, etc). These products exhibit exclusive advantages that offer pioneering roles in the eco-friendly fabrication of several nanoparticles (NPs) i.e., Ag, Au, Ru, Fe2O3, Cobalt (III) Oxide (Co2O3), ZnO and Ag@AgCl within a single phase. Importantly, marine organisms can biosynthesize NPs in two modes, namely extracellular and intracellular. Biosynthesized NPs can be characterized using various methodologies among them, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Taken together, this review focuses on the green synthesis of metallic, metallic oxides and nonmetallic NPs utilizing extracts/derivatives from marine organisms based on eco-friendly green biogenic procedures. Moreover, significant attention is given to the medicinal and industrial importance of such marine organisms mediated NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Yosri
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Qaiser H, Kaleem A, Abdullah R, Iqtedar M, Hoessli DC. Overview of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems with special reference to valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1349-1364. [PMID: 34749601 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211105110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most valuable natural resources, is abundantly present on earth. Being a renewable feedstock, it harbors a great potential to be exploited as a raw material, to produce various value-added products. Lignocellulolytic microorganisms hold a unique position regarding the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as they contain efficient enzyme systems capable of degrading this biomass. The ubiquitous nature of these microorganisms and their survival under extreme conditions have enabled their use as an effective producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes with improved biochemical features crucial to industrial bioconversion processes. These enzymes can prove to be an exquisite tool when it comes to the eco-friendly manufacturing of value-added products using waste material. This review focuses on highlighting the significance of lignocellulosic biomass, microbial sources of lignocellulolytic enzymes and their use in the formation of useful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qaiser
- Department of Biology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Afshan Kaleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Roheena Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqtedar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi. Pakistan
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18
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Fischer MS, Stark FG, Berry TD, Zeba N, Whitman T, Traxler MF. Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729289. [PMID: 34777277 PMCID: PMC8579045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfires represent a fundamental and profound disturbance in many ecosystems, and their frequency and severity are increasing in many regions of the world. Fire affects soil by removing carbon in the form of CO2 and transforming remaining surface carbon into pyrolyzed organic matter (PyOM). Fires also generate substantial necromass at depths where the heat kills soil organisms but does not catalyze the formation of PyOM. Pyronema species strongly dominate soil fungal communities within weeks to months after fire. However, the carbon pool (i.e., necromass or PyOM) that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. We used a Pyronema domesticum isolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, United States) to ask whether P. domesticum is capable of metabolizing PyOM. Pyronema domesticum grew readily on agar media where the sole carbon source was PyOM (specifically, pine wood PyOM produced at 750°C). Using RNAseq, we investigated the response of P. domesticum to PyOM and observed a comprehensive induction of genes involved in the metabolism and mineralization of aromatic compounds, typical of those found in PyOM. Lastly, we used 13C-labeled 750°C PyOM to demonstrate that P. domesticum is capable of mineralizing PyOM to CO2. Collectively, our results indicate a robust potential for P. domesticum to liberate carbon from PyOM in post-fire ecosystems and return it to the bioavailable carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika S. Fischer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Frances Grace Stark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Timothy D. Berry
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nayela Zeba
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thea Whitman
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew F. Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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19
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Perkins AK, Rose AL, Grossart HP, Rojas-Jimenez K, Barroso Prescott SK, Oakes JM. Oxic and Anoxic Organic Polymer Degradation Potential of Endophytic Fungi From the Marine Macroalga, Ecklonia radiata. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726138. [PMID: 34733248 PMCID: PMC8558676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of fungi to degrade kelp detritus, which is a major source of cellulose in marine systems. Given that kelp detritus can be transported considerable distances in the marine environment, we were specifically interested in the capability of endophytic fungi, which are transported with detritus, to ultimately contribute to kelp detritus degradation. We isolated 10 species and two strains of endophytic fungi from the kelp Ecklonia radiata. We then used a dye decolorization assay to assess their ability to degrade organic polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) under both oxic and anoxic conditions and compared their degradation ability with common terrestrial fungi. Under oxic conditions, there was evidence that Ascomycota isolates produced cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes (associated with manganese peroxidase and sulfur-containing lignin peroxidase), while Mucoromycota isolates appeared to produce both lignin and cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes, and all Basidiomycota isolates produced lignin-degrading enzymes (associated with laccase and lignin peroxidase). Under anoxic conditions, only three kelp endophytes degraded cellulose. We concluded that kelp fungal endophytes can contribute to cellulose degradation in both oxic and anoxic environments. Thus, endophytic kelp fungi may play a significant role in marine carbon cycling via polymeric organic matter degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K. Perkins
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Rose
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Experimental Limnology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Selva K. Barroso Prescott
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Oakes
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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20
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Kumar V, Sarma VV, Thambugala KM, Huang JJ, Li XY, Hao GF. Ecology and Evolution of Marine Fungi With Their Adaptation to Climate Change. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719000. [PMID: 34512597 PMCID: PMC8430337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change agitates interactions between organisms and the environment and forces them to adapt, migrate, get replaced by others, or extinct. Marine environments are extremely sensitive to climate change that influences their ecological functions and microbial community including fungi. Fungi from marine habitats are engaged and adapted to perform diverse ecological functions in marine environments. Several studies focus on how complex interactions with the surrounding environment affect fungal evolution and their adaptation. However, a review addressing the adaptation of marine fungi to climate change is still lacking. Here we have discussed the adaptations of fungi in the marine environment with an example of Hortaea werneckii and Aspergillus terreus which may help to reduce the risk of climate change impacts on marine environments and organisms. We address the ecology and evolution of marine fungi and the effects of climate change on them to explain the adaptation mechanism. A review of marine fungal adaptations will show widespread effects on evolutionary biology and the mechanism responsible for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Kumar
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Kasun M. Thambugala
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Jun-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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21
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Landeta-Salgado C, Cicatiello P, Stanzione I, Medina D, Berlanga Mora I, Gomez C, Lienqueo ME. The growth of marine fungi on seaweed polysaccharides produces cerato-platanin and hydrophobin self-assembling proteins. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126835. [PMID: 34399103 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine fungi Paradendryphiela salina and Talaromyces pinophilus degrade and assimilate complex substrates from plants and seaweed. Additionally, these fungi secrete surface-active proteins, identified as cerato-platanins and hydrophobins. These hydrophobic proteins have the ability to self-assemble forming amyloid-like aggregates and play an essential role in the growth and development of the filamentous fungi. It is the first time that one cerato-platanin (CP) is identified and isolated from P. salina (PsCP) and two Class I hydrophobins (HFBs) from T. pinophilus (TpHYD1 and TpHYD2). Furthermore, it is possible to extract cerato-platanins and hydrophobins using marine fungi that can feed on seaweed biomass, and through a submerged liquid fermentation process. The propensity to aggregate of these proteins has been analyzed using different techniques such as Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Here, we show that the formation of aggregates of PsCP and TpHYD, was influenced by the carbon source from seaweed. This study highlighted the potential of these self-assembling proteins generated from a fermentation process with marine fungi and with promising properties such as conformational plasticity with extensive applications in biotechnology, pharmacy, nanotechnology, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Landeta-Salgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Paola Cicatiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - David Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Isadora Berlanga Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Chemistry Department, University of Valle-Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, 760501, Colombia
| | - María Elena Lienqueo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Santiago, Beauchef 851, 8370456, Chile.
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22
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Keeler E, Burgaud G, Teske A, Beaudoin D, Mehiri M, Dayras M, Cassand J, Edgcomb V. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments reveal diverse fungi with antibacterial activities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6318858. [PMID: 34245561 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the diversity of fungi in deep-sea, hydrothermal sediments. Less thoroughly explored environments are likely untapped reservoirs of unique biodiversity with the potential to augment our current arsenal of microbial compounds with biomedical and/or industrial applications. In this study, we applied traditional culture-based methods to examine a subset of the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of filamentous fungi and yeasts present in 11 hydrothermally influenced sediment samples collected from eight sites on the seafloor of Guaymas Basin, Mexico. A total of 12 unique isolates affiliating with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were obtained and taxonomically identified on the basis of morphological features and analyses of marker genes including actin, β-tubulin, small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rRNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (26S rRNA) D1/D2 domain sequences (depending on taxon). A total of 11 isolates possess congeners previously detected in, or recovered from, deep-sea environments. A total of seven isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against human bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-35556 and/or Escherichia coli ATCC-25922. This first investigation suggests that hydrothermal environments may serve as promising reservoirs of much greater fungal diversity, some of which may produce biomedically useful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Keeler
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 220 McLean, Mail Stop 08, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Gaëtan Burgaud
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, ESIAB, Université de Brest, EA 3882, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Andreas Teske
- Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 3117B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Beaudoin
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 220 McLean, Mail Stop 08, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Marie Dayras
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Jacquelin Cassand
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Virginia Edgcomb
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 220 McLean, Mail Stop 08, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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23
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Landeta-Salgado C, Cicatiello P, Lienqueo ME. Mycoprotein and hydrophobin like protein produced from marine fungi Paradendryphiella salina in submerged fermentation with green seaweed Ulva spp. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Lin J, Yan H, Zhao L, Li Y, Nahidian B, Zhu M, Hu Q, Han D. Interaction between the cell walls of microalgal host and fungal carbohydrate-activate enzymes is essential for the pathogenic parasitism process. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5114-5130. [PMID: 33723900 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungi can parasitize microalgae, exerting profound impacts on both the aquatic ecosystems and microalgal mass cultures. In this study, the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the blastocladialean fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense were used as a model system to address the mechanisms underlying the fungal parasitism on the algal host. High-throughput metabolic assay indicated that P. sedebokerense can utilize several carbon sources with a preference for mannose, glucose and their oligosaccharides, which was compatible with the profile of the host algal cell walls enriched with glucan and mannan. The results of dual transcriptomics analysis suggested that P. sedebokerense can upregulate a large number of putative carbohydrate-activate enzymes (CAZymes) encoding genes, including those coding for the endo-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase during the infection process. The cell walls of H. pluvialis can be decomposed by both P. sedebokerense and commercial CAZymes (e.g. cellulase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase) to produce mannooligomers, while several putative parasitism-related genes of P. sedebokerense can be in turn upregulated by mannooligomers. In addition, the parasitism can be blocked by interfering the selected CAZymes including glucanase, mannanase and lysozyme with the specific inhibitors, which provided a framework for screening suitable compounds for pathogen mitigation in algal mass culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bahareh Nahidian
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mianmian Zhu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51806, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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25
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Valorization and upgrading of the nutritional value of seaweed and seaweed waste using the marine fungi Paradendryphiella salina to produce mycoprotein. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Zhou Y, Gao X, Shi C, Li M, Jia W, Shao Z, Yan P. Diversity and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of Culturable Filamentous Fungi from Deep-Sea Sediments of the South Atlantic Ocean. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:151-160. [PMID: 37970182 PMCID: PMC10635107 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1871175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent studies, relatively few are known about the diversity of fungal communities in the deep Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigated the diversity of fungal communities in 15 different deep-sea sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean with a culture-dependent approach followed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. A total of 29 fungal strains were isolated from the 15 deep-sea sediments. These strains belong to four fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. Penicillium, accounting for 44.8% of the total fungal isolates, was a dominant genus. The antiaflatoxigenic activity of these deep-sea fungal isolates was studied. Surprisingly, most of the strains showed moderate to strong antiaflatoxigenic activity. Four isolates, belonging to species of Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, could completely inhibit not only the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain NFRI-95, but also the aflatoxin production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the antiaflatoxigenic activity of culturable deep-sea fungi. Our results provide new insights into the community composition of fungi in the deep South Atlantic Ocean. The high proportion of strains that displayed antiaflatoxigenic activity demonstrates that deep-sea fungi from the Atlantic Ocean are valuable resources for mining bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Xiujun Gao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Cuijuan Shi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- China Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Peisheng Yan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
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27
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Pilgaard B, Vuillemin M, Holck J, Wilkens C, Meyer AS. Specificities and Synergistic Actions of Novel PL8 and PL7 Alginate Lyases from the Marine Fungus Paradendryphiella salina. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:80. [PMID: 33503820 PMCID: PMC7911691 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide abundantly present in the cell walls of brown macroalgae. The enzymatic depolymerization is performed solely by alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.x), categorized as polysaccharide lyases (PLs) belonging to 12 different PL families. Until now, the vast majority of the alginate lyases have been found in bacteria. We report here the first extensive characterization of four alginate lyases from a marine fungus, the ascomycete Paradendryphiella salina, a known saprophyte of seaweeds. We have identified four polysaccharide lyase encoding genes bioinformatically in P. salina, one PL8 (PsMan8A), and three PL7 alginate lyases (PsAlg7A, -B, and -C). PsMan8A was demonstrated to exert exo-action on polymannuronic acid, and no action on alginate, indicating that this enzyme is most likely an exo-acting polymannuronic acid specific lyase. This enzyme is the first alginate lyase assigned to PL8 and polymannuronic acid thus represents a new substrate specificity in this family. The PL7 lyases (PsAlg7A, -B, and -C) were found to be endo-acting alginate lyases with different activity optima, substrate affinities, and product profiles. PsAlg7A and PsMan8A showed a clear synergistic action for the complete depolymerization of polyM at pH 5. PsAlg7A depolymerized polyM to mainly DP5 and DP3 oligomers and PsMan8A to dimers and monosaccharides. PsAlg7B and PsAlg7C showed substrate affinities towards both polyM and polyG at pH 8, depolymerizing both substrates to DP9-DP2 oligomers. The findings elucidate how P. salina accomplishes alginate depolymerization and provide insight into an efficient synergistic cooperation that may provide a new foundation for enzyme selection for alginate degradation in seaweed bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anne S. Meyer
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (B.P.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (C.W.)
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28
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Gu Y, Qiu Y, Hua X, Shi Z, Li A, Ning Y, Liang D. Critical biodegradation process of a widely used surfactant in the water environment: dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS). RSC Adv 2021; 11:20303-20312. [PMID: 35702510 PMCID: PMC9097172 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02791c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS) is a widely used surfactant that is now found extensively in water bodies because of anthropogenic emissions. Since the degradation of DBS in the environment mainly relies on microorganisms, it is essential to study the mechanism by which DBS is biodegraded. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris was used to research the biodegradation process of DBS. The C. vulgaris suspension was centrifuged to remove the supernatant, then secondary deionized water and DBS were added to the C. vulgaris. And the intermediate products were detected in real time by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Some novel intermediate products, including 4-sodium sulfophenyldodecanoate acid and its homologs, were detected that had not been mentioned in previous studies. In this work, the process of DBS degradation was indicated, which consisted of three main steps: chain-shorting oxidation, ring-opening oxidation of benzene rings, and degradation of small molecules. By investigating the process of DBS degradation by C. vulgaris, we were able to propose a preliminary mechanism of DBS biodegradation, which is of great significance for research on the migration and conversion of surfactants in the environment. This work established a method for detecting the intermediate products of DBS degraded by C. vulgaris, and indicated the process of DBS degradation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Yanting Qiu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Zhimin Shi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Anfeng Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Yang Ning
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resource and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of New Energy and Environment
- Jilin University
- Changchun
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29
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Yadav AN, Kaur T, Devi R, Kour D, Yadav A, Dikilitas M, Usmani Z, Yadav N, Abdel-Azeem AM, Ahluwalia AS. Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications of Industrially Important Fungi: Current Research and Future Prospects. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Tamminen A, Happonen P, Barth D, Holmström S, Wiebe MG. High throughput, small scale methods to characterise the growth of marine fungi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236822. [PMID: 32764772 PMCID: PMC7413501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various marine fungi have been shown to produce interesting, bioactive compounds, but scaling up the production of these compounds can be challenging, particularly because little is generally known about how the producing organisms grow. Here we assessed the suitability of using 100-well BioScreen plates or 96-well plates incubated in a robot hotel to cultivate eight filamentous marine fungi, six sporulating and two non-sporulating, to obtain data on growth and substrate (glucose, xylose, galactose or glycerol) utilisation in a high throughput manner. All eight fungi grew in both cultivation systems, but growth was more variable and with more noise in the data in the Cytomat plate hotel than in the BioScreen. Specific growth rates between 0.01 (no added substrate) and 0.07 h-1 were measured for strains growing in the BioScreen and between 0.01 and 0.27 h-1 for strains in the plate hotel. Three strains, Dendryphiella salina LF304, Penicillium chrysogenum KF657 and Penicillium pinophilum LF458, consistently had higher specific growth rates on glucose and xylose in the plate hotel than in the BioScreen, but otherwise results were similar in the two systems. However, because of the noise in data from the plate hotel, the data obtained from it could only be used to distinguish between substrates which did or did not support growth, whereas data from BioScreen also provided information on substrate preference. Glucose was the preferred substrate for all strains, followed by xylose and galactose. Five strains also grew on glycerol. Therefore it was important to minimise the amount of glycerol introduced with the inoculum to avoid misinterpreting the results for growth on poor substrates. We concluded that both systems could provide physiological data with filamentous fungi, provided sufficient replicates are included in the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tamminen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Petrus Happonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dorothee Barth
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Holmström
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilyn G. Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
- * E-mail:
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31
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Vidgren V, Halinen S, Tamminen A, Olenius S, Wiebe MG. Engineering marine fungi for conversion of D-galacturonic acid to mucic acid. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:156. [PMID: 32736636 PMCID: PMC7393721 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two marine fungi, a Trichoderma sp. and a Coniochaeta sp., which can grow on D-galacturonic acid and pectin, were selected as hosts to engineer for mucic acid production, assessing the suitability of marine fungi for production of platform chemicals. The pathway for biotechnologcial production of mucic (galactaric) acid from D-galacturonic acid is simple and requires minimal modification of the genome, optimally one deletion and one insertion. D-Galacturonic acid, the main component of pectin, is a potential substrate for bioconversion, since pectin-rich waste is abundant. RESULTS Trichoderma sp. LF328 and Coniochaeta sp. MF729 were engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 to oxidize D-galacturonic acid to mucic acid, disrupting the endogenous pathway for D-galacturonic acid catabolism when inserting a gene encoding bacterial uronate dehydrogenase. The uronate dehydrogenase was expressed under control of a synthetic expression system, which fucntioned in both marine strains. The marine Trichoderma transformants produced 25 g L-1 mucic acid from D-galacturonic acid in equimolar amounts: the yield was 1.0 to 1.1 g mucic acid [g D-galacturonic acid utilized]-1. D-Xylose and lactose were the preferred co-substrates. The engineered marine Trichoderma sp. was more productive than the best Trichoderma reesei strain (D-161646) described in the literature to date, that had been engineered to produce mucic acid. With marine Coniochaeta transformants, D-glucose was the preferred co-substrate, but the highest yield was 0.82 g g-1: a portion of D-galacturonic acid was still metabolized. Coniochaeta sp. transformants produced adequate pectinases to produce mucic acid from pectin, but Trichoderma sp. transformants did not. CONCLUSIONS Both marine species were successfully engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 and the synthetic expression system was functional in both species. Although Coniochaeta sp. transformants produced mucic acid directly from pectin, the metabolism of D-galacturonic acid was not completely disrupted and mucic acid amounts were low. The D-galacturonic pathway was completely disrupted in the transformants of the marine Trichoderma sp., which produced more mucic acid than a previously constructed T. reesei mucic acid producing strain, when grown under similar conditions. This demonstrated that marine fungi may be useful as production organisms, not only for native enzymes or bioactive compounds, but also for other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Vidgren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Satu Halinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Tamminen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Susanna Olenius
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilyn G Wiebe
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, Espoo, Finland
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32
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PRACTICALLY VALUABLE METABOLITES OF MARINE MICROORGANISMS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech13.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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33
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Xylanases from marine microorganisms: A brief overview on scope, sources, features and potential applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Patyshakuliyeva A, Falkoski DL, Wiebenga A, Timmermans K, de Vries RP. Macroalgae Derived Fungi Have High Abilities to Degrade Algal Polymers. Microorganisms 2019; 8:E52. [PMID: 31888103 PMCID: PMC7023191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi associated with macroalgae are an ecologically important group that have a strong potential for industrial applications. In this study, twenty-two marine fungi isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus sp. were examined for their abilities to produce algal and plant biomass degrading enzymes. Growth of these isolates on brown and green algal biomass revealed a good growth, but no preference for any specific algae. Based on the analysis of enzymatic activities, macroalgae derived fungi were able to produce algae specific and (hemi-)cellulose degrading enzymes both on algal and plant biomass. However, the production of algae specific activities was lower than the production of cellulases and xylanases. These data revealed the presence of different enzymatic approaches for the degradation of algal biomass by macroalgae derived fungi. In addition, the results of the present study indicate our poor understanding of the enzymes involved in algal biomass degradation and the mechanisms of algal carbon source utilization by marine derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Daniel L. Falkoski
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Ad Wiebenga
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Klaas Timmermans
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ′t Horntje, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (D.L.F.); (A.W.)
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35
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Bovio E, Sfecci E, Poli A, Gnavi G, Prigione V, Lacour T, Mehiri M, Varese GC. The culturable mycobiota associated with the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5710934. [PMID: 31960895 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi are part of the huge and understudied biodiversity hosted in the sea. To broaden the knowledge on fungi inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and their role in sponge holobiont, three sponges namely Aplysina cavernicola, Crambe crambe and Phorbas tenacior were collected in Villefranche sur Mer, (France) at about 25 m depth. The fungal communities associated with the sponges were isolated using different techniques to increase the numbers of fungi isolated. All fungi were identified to species level giving rise to 19, 13 and 3 species for P. tenacior, A. cavernicola and C. crambe, respectively. Of note, 35.7% and 50.0% of the species detected were either reported for the first time in the marine environment or in association with sponges. The mini-satellite analysis confirmed the uniqueness of the mycobiota of each sponge, leading to think that the sponge, with its metabolome, may shape the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bovio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.,University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Estelle Sfecci
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Anna Poli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gnavi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Prigione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed Mehiri
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice 60103, France
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
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36
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Bioprospection of Enzymes and Microorganisms in Insects to Improve Second-Generation Ethanol Production. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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37
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Al-Shibli H, Dobretsov S, Al-Nabhani A, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rethinasamy V, Al-Sadi AM. Aspergillus terreus obtained from mangrove exhibits antagonistic activities against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7884. [PMID: 31656698 PMCID: PMC6812666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the potential of Aspergillus terreus obtained from Avicennia marina mangrove roots in inhibiting Pythium aphanidermatum and damping-off disease of cucumber. Aspergillus terreus exhibited in vitro inhibition of Pythium aphanidermatum growth. Electron microscope examination revealed that the antagonistic fungal isolate resulted in shrinking and groves in Pythium hypha. When Aspergillus terreus culture filtrate was added to Pythium aphanidermatum, it resulted in a significant increase (by 73%) in electrolyte leakage from Pythium hypha compared to the control, as well as significant reduction (by 71%) in oospore production. The Aspergillus terreus culture was also found to produce a cellulase enzyme, which is suggested to be involved in the antagonism against Pythium aphanidermatum. Adding Aspergillus terreus to soil infested with Pythium aphanidermatum significantly reduced percent mortality in cucumber seedlings by 70%. Aspergillus terreus, when applied alone on cucumber seedlings, did not show any suppressive effects on cucumber growth (length and fresh and dry weight). This appears to be the first report of isolation from mangrove of Aspergillus terreus with antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. The study indicates that fungal isolates obtained from marine environments may serve as potential biocontrol agents against some plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Al-Shibli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman.,Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Nabhani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Velazhahan Rethinasamy
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
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Gonçalves MFM, Santos L, Silva BMV, Abreu AC, Vicente TFL, Esteves AC, Alves A. Biodiversity of Penicillium species from marine environments in Portugal and description of Penicillium lusitanum sp. nov., a novel species isolated from sea water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3014-3021. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Santos
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. V. Silva
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alberto C. Abreu
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia F. L. Vicente
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Esteves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Present address: Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS)-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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39
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Pilgaard B, Wilkens C, Herbst FA, Vuillemin M, Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS, Lange L. Proteomic enzyme analysis of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina reveals alginate lyase as a minimal adaptation strategy for brown algae degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12338. [PMID: 31451726 PMCID: PMC6710412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to investigate the genetic adaptations of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina CBS112865 for degradation of brown macroalgae. We performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and shotgun proteomic analysis of the secretome of P. salina grown on three species of brown algae and under carbon limitation. Genome comparison with closely related terrestrial fungi revealed that P. salina had a similar but reduced CAZyme profile relative to the terrestrial fungi except for the presence of three putative alginate lyases from Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) family 7 and a putative PL8 with similarity to ascomycete chondroitin AC lyases. Phylogenetic and homology analyses place the PL7 sequences amongst mannuronic acid specific PL7 proteins from marine bacteria. Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of one of the PL7 genes confirmed the specificity. Proteomic analysis of the P. salina secretome when growing on brown algae, revealed the PL7 and PL8 enzymes abundantly secreted together with enzymes necessary for degradation of laminarin, cellulose, lipids and peptides. Our findings indicate that the basic CAZyme repertoire of saprobic and plant pathogenic ascomycetes, with the addition of PL7 alginate lyases, provide P. salina with sufficient enzymatic capabilities to degrade several types of brown algae polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pilgaard
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Identification and characterization of a marine-derived chitinolytic fungus, Acremonium sp. YS2-2. J Microbiol 2019; 57:372-380. [PMID: 30806979 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is the most abundant biopolymer in marine environments. To facilitate its utilization, our laboratory screened marine-derived fungal strains for chitinolytic activity. One chitinolytic strain isolated from seawater, designated YS2-2, was identified as Acremonium species based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Acremonium species are cosmopolitan fungi commonly isolated from both terrestrial and marine environments, but their chitinolytic activity is largely unknown. The extracellular crude enzyme of YS2-2 exhibited optimum chitinolytic activity at pH 6.0-7.6, 23-45°C, and 1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Degenerate PCR revealed the partial cDNA sequence of a putative chitinase gene, chiA, in YS2-2. The expression of chiA was dramatically induced in response to 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin compared to levels under starvation, chitin powder, and glucose conditions. Moreover, the chiA transcript levels were positively correlated with chitinolytic activities under various colloidal chitin concentrations, suggesting that ChiA mediates chitinolytic activity in this strain. Our results provide a basis for additional studies of marinederived chitinolytic fungi aimed at improving industrial applications.
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41
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Development of host strains and vector system for an efficient genetic transformation of filamentous fungi. Plasmid 2019; 101:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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